Journal articles: '" Grafting from "'

1

Zhang, Qingxin, Kimiyoshi Naito, Yoshihisa Tanaka, and Yutaka Kagawa. "Grafting Polyimides from Nanodiamonds." Macromolecules 41, no. 3 (2008): 536–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma702268x.

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Larnaudie, Sophie C., Johannes C. Brendel, Katrina A. Jolliffe, and Sébastien Perrier. "Cyclic peptide-polymer conjugates: Grafting-to vs grafting-from." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 54, no. 7 (2015): 1003–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.27937.

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Mahmoodian, Hossein, Omid Moradi, and Behnam Shariatzadeh. "Grafting chitosan and polyHEMA on carbon nanotubes surfaces: “Grafting to” and “Grafting from” methods." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 63 (February 2014): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.10.030.

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Duman, E., and U. Serdar. "Research on shortening the nursery period in grafted chestnut." Horticultural Science 33, No. 1 (2011): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3735-hortsci.

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The&nbsp;objective of this study was to determine the effects of inverted radicle and hypocotyl grafting methods on potted nursery tree production in chestnut. The study was carried out in greenhouse conditions in 2003&ndash;2004. Newly germinated chestnut seeds and young seedlings of SA 5-1 genotype were used as rootstocks and sprouts with dormant buds of the same genotype were used as scions. Graftings were done at three periods from April to June. Graft success and scion shoot growth were examined to determine a suitable method and time of grafting. It was found in the study that potted chestnut nursery trees could be produced in one year using either of the grafting methods. Better graft success and survival ratio were obtained from inverted radicle grafting. In this method, graft success was 83.6% in 2003 and 96.7% in 2004. &nbsp;

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Hansson, Susanne, Vanessa Trouillet, Thomas Tischer, et al. "Grafting Efficiency of Synthetic Polymers onto Biomaterials: A Comparative Study of Grafting-from versus Grafting-to." Biomacromolecules 14, no. 1 (2012): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bm3013132.

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Berger, Sebastian, Alla Synytska, Leonid Ionov, Klaus-Jochen Eichhorn, and Manfred Stamm. "Stimuli-Responsive Bicomponent Polymer Janus Particles by “Grafting from”/“Grafting to” Approaches." Macromolecules 41, no. 24 (2008): 9669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma802089h.

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Pranowo, Dibyo, and Edi Wardiana. "Kompatibilitas Lima Klon Unggul Kakao Sebagai Batang Atas dengan Batang Bawah Progeni Half-Sib Klon Sulawesi 01." Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar 3, no. 1 (2016): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jtidp.v3n1.2016.p29-36.

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Grafting is the most common cocoa propagation technique applied by farmers. One of the factors that determine the grafting success in cacao is the compatibility level between the scion and rootstock. The objectives of this research was to evaluate the grafting compatibility of half-sib family of Sulawesi 01 clone as rootstock with five superior cacao clones i.e. Sulawesi 01, Sulawesi 02, Sca 6, MCC 01, and MCC 02 as scions. The research was conducted at Pakuwon Experimental Station, West Java, at the altitude of 450 m above sea level with Latosol type of soil and B type of climate (Schmidt &amp; Fergusson), from April to September 2015. This research used the randomized completely block design with five treatments of grafting combinations and five replications. Observation was taken at 14th, 21st, and 28th days after grafting on the total percentage of surviving graftings, percentage of sprouting grafting, percentage of grafting that have not sprouted, and bud sprouting rates. Data were analyzed by variance, correlation, and regression analysis. The results showed that the surviving grafting, the sprouting grafting and the rate of sprouting up to the 28th days after grafting varied among the scions. Based on the parameters observed, Sulawesi 01, Sulawesi 2, and Sca 6 demonstrated higher compatibility rate compared to MCC 01 and MCC 02. The results is applicable in seedling provision through grafting techniques in order to support cacao rejuvenation and or rehabilitation.

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Towill, Leigh E., John W. Waddell, and Philip L. Forsline. "EVALUATION OF ELECTROLYTE LEAKAGE FROM CRYOPRESERVED APPLE BUDS." HortScience 27, no. 6 (1992): 658a—658. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.658a.

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Three years ago we established a long-term cryogenic storage project for apple germplasm and utilized grafting of buds obtained from stored dormant shoot sections as the major viability assay. Grafting, however, is time consuming and requires considerable skill. Electrolyte leakage and oxidative browning tests were used as alternative viability assays. Using leakage from individual buds in a multiwell analyzer, we examined modifications of the electrolyte leakage test and analyzed the kinetics of leakage in an attempt to determine whether the test can predict grafting success. The results suggest that more buds were viable than were estimated by the grafting test. In vitro culture is being examined to test this and to determine if practical recovery is feasible for diversity within the germplasm collection.

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Singh, Rita, Lanka Mahesh, and Sagrika Shukla. "Infections Resulting from Bone Grafting Biomaterials." International Journal of Oral Implantology & Clinical Research 4, no. 2 (2013): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1095.

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Alt, Volker, Akbar Nawab, and David Seligson. "Bone Grafting from the Proximal Tibia." Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 47, no. 3 (1999): 555–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005373-199909000-00023.

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Ciftci, Mustafa, Pınar Batat, A. Levent Demirel, Guangjuan Xu, Michael Buchmeiser, and Yusuf Yagci. "Visible Light-Induced Grafting from Polyolefins." Macromolecules 46, no. 16 (2013): 6395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma401431h.

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Weyandt, Gerhard H., Boris Bauer, Nikolaus Berens, Henning Hamm, and Eva-B. Broecker. "Split-Skin Grafting from the Scalp." Dermatologic Surgery 35, no. 12 (2009): 1873–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4725.2009.01308.x.

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Berthelot, Thomas, Xuan Tuan Le, Pascale Jégou, et al. "Photoactivated surface grafting from PVDF surfaces." Applied Surface Science 257, no. 22 (2011): 9473–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.06.039.

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Wang, Shuguang, Zhongwu Wang, Jie Li, Liqiang Li, and Wenping Hu. "Surface-grafting polymers: from chemistry to organic electronics." Materials Chemistry Frontiers 4, no. 3 (2020): 692–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9qm00450e.

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This review comprehensively summarizes the recent progress in surface-grafting polymers, including their formation process and the utilization of surface-grafting polymers as functional materials of insulators, conductors and semiconductors in versatile organic electronic devices.

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Dubert, Franciszek, Sebastian Pieńkowski, and Władysław Filek. "Shortening of the development cycle in winter rape (Brassica napus var. oleifera L.) by grafting nonvernalized scions on generative stock." Acta Agrobotanica 37, no. 1 (2013): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1984.004.

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The conditions were investigated under which the development cycle in winter rape could be markedly reduced by grafting. Scions from non vernalized seedlings were grafted onto stock plants beginning their generative phase. Winter rape plants vernalized under natural field conditions and spring rape plants in the initial generative phase were used as stock. Best results were obtained by grafting scions from plants at the stage of 4 leaves, i.e. after 3 weeks of growth, onto winter rape stock. With such scions the effectiveness of graftings was high and seed crops were obtained 170 days earlier than under natural field conditions of growth and 80 days earlier than under artificial conditions. Scions grafted onto winter rape stock produced more siliques than those on spring rape. Grafting of scions after cutting off their apical meristems allowed formation of side shoots and consequently resulted in higher yields of siliques; the formation of siliques, however, was delayed by about 10 days as compared to grafts with apical meristems.

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Sora, Dorin, Madalina Doltu, Simona Popescu, and Daniela Iorga. "Grafting of Romanian Melons and Watermelons for Culture from South Area of Romania." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture 73, no. 2 (2016): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:12265.

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The vegetable grafting is useful in Romania; it is more difficult in watermelons and melons and it is continuously developing. The research was aimed the establishing of the technological stages for seedling producing of scions (Romanian melons and watermelons) and rootstocks (F1 hybrids of Lagenaria siceraria and Cucurbita maxima x C. moschata) for obtaining of grafted plant seedlings. The experience was realized out on a collection consisting from two Romanian scions, melon (‘Fondant’ variety) and watermelon (‘Dochiţa’ variety) obtained at Research and Development Station for Vegetable Growing Buzău and two rootstocks, bottle gourd - L. siceraria (‘Emphasis’ F1) and interspecific hybrid squash - C. maxima x C. moschata (‘Cobalt’ F1). The obtaining of scion and rootstock plants was made according to the ecological requirements of the species. The grafting was made by annexation (splice grafting). The plants had optimal diameters for splice grafting. Between scions (‘Fondant’ and ‘Dochiţa’) are no diference, statistical analysis could not be performed. Technological stages for producing grafted seedlings of Romanian melon and watermelon were established. The grafting was performed successfully for cucurbit symbiotes (scions and rootstocks). These technological stages for grafting by annexation of Romanian melons and watermelons are recommended for cultures in the south area of Romania.

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Raja, Shahzad G., Mubassher Husain, Florentina L. Popescu, Dimple Chudasama, Siobhan Daley, and Mohamed Amrani. "Does Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Negatively Impact Long-Term Survival and Freedom from Reintervention?" BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/602871.

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Recently published evidence has raised concerns about worse late mortality and increasing need for reintervention after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. We undertook this study to assess the impact of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting on survival and freedom from reintervention at 10 years. From January 2002 to December 2002, 307 consecutive patients who had isolated multivessel off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting at our institution were compared to a control group of 397 patients that underwent multivessel on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting during the same period. In addition, univariate and risk-adjusted comparisons between the two groups were performed at 10 years. Kaplan-Meier survival was similar for the two cohorts. After adjusting for clinical covariates, off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting did not emerge as a significant independent predictor of long-term mortality (Hazard Ratio 0.91; 95% Confidence Interval 0.70–1.12), readmission to hospital for cardiac cause (Hazard Ratio 0.96; 95% Confidence Interval 0.78–1.10), or the need for reintervention (Hazard Ratio 0.93; 95% Confidence Interval 0.87–1.05). Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting compared with on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting does not adversely impact survival or freedom from reintervention at a 10-year follow-up.

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Falatach, Rebecca, Cameron McGlone, M. Sameer Al-Abdul-Wahid, et al. "The best of both worlds: active enzymes by grafting-to followed by grafting-from a protein." Chemical Communications 51, no. 25 (2015): 5343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc09287b.

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19

Solimando, Xavier, Emily Kennedy, Ghislain David, Pascale Champagne, and Michael F. Cunningham. "Phosphorus-containing polymers synthesised via nitroxide-mediated polymerisation and their grafting on chitosan by grafting to and grafting from approaches." Polymer Chemistry 11, no. 25 (2020): 4133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0py00517g.

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Guo, Shutong, Qiang Zhang, Donghao Wang, et al. "Bioinspired coating of TiO2nanoparticles with antimicrobial polymers by Cu(0)-LRP: grafting to vs. grafting from." Polymer Chemistry 8, no. 42 (2017): 6570–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7py01471f.

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Wang, Bingbing, Bing Li, Bin Zhao, and Christopher Y. Li. "Amphiphilic Janus Gold Nanoparticles via Combining “Solid-State Grafting-to” and “Grafting-from” Methods." Journal of the American Chemical Society 130, no. 35 (2008): 11594–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja804192e.

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22

Braunmuehl, Volker v., Gerd Jonas, and Reimund Stadler. "Enzymic Grafting of Amylose from Poly(dimethylsiloxanes)." Macromolecules 28, no. 1 (1995): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00105a003.

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Talbot, NJ, S. Kamath, IT Sharpe, and KS Eyres. "Percutaneous Bone Grafting from the Distal Femur." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 90, no. 1 (2008): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsann.2008.90.1.73a.

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24

Aguzzi, Adriano. "Grafting mouse brains: from neurocarcinogenesis to neurodegeneration." EMBO Journal 17, no. 21 (1998): 6107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emboj/17.21.6107.

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25

M., Schuringa, and Fechner M. "Cancellous bone grafting from the distal radius." European Journal of Plastic Surgery 25, no. 6 (2002): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00238-002-0378-4.

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SM, Harsini. "Bone Regenerative Medicine and Bone Grafting." Open Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Research 3, no. 4 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajvsr-16000167.

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Bone tissues can repair and regenerate it: in many clinical cases, bone fractures repair without scar formation. Nevertheless, in large bone defects and pathological fractures, bone healing fail to heal. Bone grafting is defined as implantation of material which promot es fracture healing, through osteoconduction osteogenesis, and osteoinduction. Ideal bone grafting depends on several factors such as defect size, ethical issues, biomechanical characteristics, tissue viability, shape and volume, associated complications, cost, graft size, graft handling, and biological characteristics. The materials that are used as bone graft can be divided into separate major categories, such as autografts, allografts, and xenografts. Synthetic substitutes and tissue - engineered biomateri als are other options. Each of these instances has some advantages and disadvantages. Between the all strategies for improving fracture healing and enhance the outcome of unification of the grafts, tissue engineering is a suitable option. A desirable tissu e - engineered bone must have properties similar to those of autografts without their limitations. None of the used bone grafts has all the ideal properties including low donor morbidity, long shelf life, efficient cost, biological safety, no size restrictio n, and osteoconductive, osteoinductive, osteogenic, and angiogenic properties; but Tissue engineering tries to supply most of these features. In addition it is able to induce healing and reconstruction of bone defects. Combining the basis of orthopedic sur gery with knowledge from different sciences like materials science, biology, chemistry, physics, and engineering can overcome the limitations of current therapies. Combining the basis of orthopedic surgery with knowledge from different sciences like materi als science, biology, chemistry, physics, and engineering can overcome the limitations of current therapies.

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Breton, Tony, and Alison J. Downard. "Controlling Grafting from Aryldiazonium Salts: A Review of Methods for the Preparation of Monolayers." Australian Journal of Chemistry 70, no. 9 (2017): 960. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch17262.

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Surface modification by grafting from aryldiazonium salts has been widely studied and applied to many substrates as a simple and versatile method for preparing strongly adherent organic coatings. Unless special precautions or conditions are used, the usual film structure is a loosely packed disordered multilayer; however, over the past decade, attention has been paid to establishing strategies for grafting just a monolayer of modifiers to the surface. To date, four general approaches to monolayer preparation have emerged: use of aryldiazonium ions with cleavable protection groups; use of aryldiazonium ions with steric constraints; grafting in the presence of a radical scavenger; and grafting from ionic liquids. This review describes these approaches, illustrates some of their applications, and highlights the advantages and disadvantages of each.

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Alkattan, LM. "Grafting in Veterinary Medicine: A Mini Review." Open Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Research 4, no. 3 (2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajvsr-16000182.

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Grafting refers to a surgical procedure to move tissue from one site to another on the body, or from another creature, without bringing its own blood supply with it. Instead, a new blood supply grows in after it is placed. There were many types of grafts for reconstruction defec ts in many organs as bone graft , skin graft and tendon gr aft.

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Sunaryo, Widi, Hadi Pranoto, Nurhasanah, and Rahman. "Interspecific grafting to solve the rootstock shortage in vegetative propagation of Lai-durian (Durio zibethinus x kutejensis) originated from East Kalimantan." APRIL 2019 13, (04) 2019 (2019): 642–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.19.13.04.p1845.

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Lai-durian (Durio zibethinus x kutejensis) is a durio species derived from a natural crossing between Durio zibethinus (Durian, local name) and Durio kutejensis (Lai, local name) showing high performance of fruit quality and economic value such as golden yellow aril color, sweet and odourless taste, soft and dry texture, long shelf life (7-10 days), high edible portion, and relatively high fruit weight and yield per plant per year. The vegetative propagation of Lai-durian especially using shoot or bud grafting is facing a problem due to the low rootstock availability since Lai-durian seeds show a high percentage of abnormal/undeveloped seeds. This research was performed to evaluate the compatibility and growth performance of the interspecific grafting of two different grafting types, chip budding and cleft grafting using three different rootstock sources, D. zibethinus, D. kutejensis, and D. zibethinus x kutejensis. Three superior national varieties of Lai-durian, i.e., Lai Kayan, Lai Mandong, and Holai Sentawar were used in this research as scion sources. The total number of 180 grafting occasions of chip budding and cleft grafting was conducted using 4–5 months-old seedling plants with 50-60 cm height as rootstocks. The survival rate of the successful grafting and several growth parameters, i.e., plant height, shoot and rootstock diameter, leaf number, and branch number increment were evaluated for two months. The interspecific grafting of Lai-durian on three different rootstock seedlings derived from D. zibethinus, D. kutejensis, and D..zibethinus x kutejensis was compatible and showed a successful graft union using chip budding (94%) or cleft grafting (60%). The use of D. zibethinus and D. kutejensis as rootstocks could replace those of D. zibethinus x kutejensis since there were no significant differences in the grafting compatibility and growth among the three varieties of rootstocks.

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Floeistad, E., and D. R. Blystad. "Two New Hosts for Poinsettia Mosaic Virus." Plant Disease 83, no. 4 (1999): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.4.399d.

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Poinsettia mosaic virus (PnMV), a possible member of the genus Tymovirus, commonly infects the potted flower crop Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch (1). Two new host species for this virus were identified during grafting experiments with E. pulcherrima and other Euphorbia spp. E. cornastra (Dressler) A. Radcliffe-Smith was reciprocally grafted with PnMV-positive E. pulcherrima cv. Eckespoint Lilo. PnMV was detected by double antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) in E. cornastra leaves directly below the graft union 4 weeks after grafting. Infection was not fully systemic 6 weeks after grafting when screened by DAS-ELISA with antibodies specific to PnMV (DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany). The symptomless infection in E. cornastra persisted in cuttings from grafted plants after a 1-year observation period. E. bubalina Boiss. anatomy differs from that of E. pulcherrima. The two species did not produce a viable graft union. However, in an experiment with two attempted graftings, the E. pulcherrima scions remained turgid for 14 to 18 days. As a result of one grafting, the E. bubalina rootstock tested positive for PnMV. The virus induced a mild mosaic in E. bubalina, but no reduction in growth. To confirm virus presence in E. cornastra and E. bubalina, both DAS-ELISA and immunosorbent electron microscopy were used. Non-grafted controls remained PnMV negative. PnMV was re-isolated from both species by sap inoculation to Nicotiana benthamiana. E. coulescens Haw., E. xylophyllides Brogn. ex Lem., E. marlothiana N. E. Br., and Ricinus communis L. were not infected by PnMV after similar grafting attempts. Reference: (1) A. A. Brunt et al., eds. 1996. Viruses of Plants. CAB Int., Wallingford, UK.

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Li, Ang, Shivaprakash N. Ramakrishna, Tobias Schwarz, Edmondo M. Benetti, and Nicholas D. Spencer. "Tuning Surface Mechanical Properties by Amplified Polyelectrolyte Self-Assembly: Where “Grafting-from” Meets “Grafting-to”." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 5, no. 11 (2013): 4913–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am4006379.

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Qin, Shuhui, Dongqi Qin, Warren T. Ford, Daniel E. Resasco, and Jose E. Herrera. "Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Polystyrene via Grafting to and Grafting from Methods." Macromolecules 37, no. 3 (2004): 752–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma035214q.

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Kovaliov, Marina, Cooper Cheng, Boyle Cheng, and Saadyah Averick. "Grafting-from lipase: utilization of a common amino acid residue as a new grafting site." Polymer Chemistry 9, no. 37 (2018): 4651–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8py01026a.

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Cai, Tao, Rong Wang, Wen Jing Yang, Shengjie Lu, Koon-Gee Neoh, and En-Tang Kang. "Multi-functionalization of poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes via combined “grafting from” and “grafting to” approaches." Soft Matter 7, no. 23 (2011): 11133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1sm06039b.

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Bielecki, Robert M., Patricia Doll, and Nicholas D. Spencer. "Ultrathin, Oil-Compatible, Lubricious Polymer Coatings: A Comparison of Grafting-To and Grafting-From Strategies." Tribology Letters 49, no. 1 (2012): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11249-012-0065-y.

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Keeling, Brent, Vinod Thourani, Gorav Aliawadi, et al. "Conversion From Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting to On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 104, no. 4 (2017): 1267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2017.03.032.

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Sunarti, Titi Candra, M. Irsan Febrian, Eka Ruriani, and Indah Yuliasih. "Some Properties of Chemical Cross-Linking Biohydrogel from Starch and Chitosan." International Journal of Biomaterials 2019 (March 5, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1542128.

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Chemical cross-linking was developed to prepare starch and chitosan-based hydrogels. First, the precursor of starch was synthesized through the reaction of carboxymethylation with sodium monochloroacetate, and then chitosan was grafted by using methacrylic acid as cross-linker. In this research, sago and cassava starches were used and mixed with chitosan, and the effect of methacrylic acid concentration was investigated to determine the grafting parameters and hydrogel characteristics. Compared to native starch and carboxymethylated starch, hydrogels from both starches have high ability to swell and high capacity to absorb water and oil. The highest grafting yield, grafting efficiency, and monomer conversion were achieved by experiment using 0.550 g of methacrylic acid per g of CMS-chitosan mixture. These hydrogels have a good potency as biodegradable absorbents for pharmaceutical and industrial application.

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Nandi, Gouranga. "EFFECTS OF VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES AND HYDRATION KINETIC ON DRUG RELEASE FROM THE TABLET OF DICLOFENAC SODIUM BASED ON POLY (SODIUM ACRYLATE)-GRAFTED-GELLAN MATRIX." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 4-A (2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i4-a.3298.

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Investigation of the effects of viscoelasticity and hydration kinetic on the drug release behavior from the poly (sodium acrylate)-grafted-gellan matrix (PSAc-g-GG) was the main objective of this study. At first, poly (acrylic acid)-grafted-gellan was treated with 0.05M NaOH to obtain poly (sodium acrylate)-grafted-gellan followed by its purification and subsequent lyophilicity study and viscoelastic study on PSAc-g-GG with different degree of grafting. The study revealed that the degree of grafting greatly affects the viscoelastic and rheologic characteristics of the copolymer, which further affect the drug release profile from the polymeric matrix. The copolymer with highest grafting (626.3%) exhibited much higher starting % strain (17.79%), stress (53.7 Pa) for structural breakdown at Gꞌ = Gꞌꞌ (214.4 Pa), higher storage modulus (G’), much greater values of complex viscosity (11.5 Pa.s) and cross-over point (Gꞌ = Gꞌꞌ =271.65 Pa) compared to that of the batch of copolymer with lower grafting. The water uptake index (%WE) was found to be directly proportional to the percentage grafting (%G), whereas the batches with higher grafting revealed lower initial swelling rate representing its inversely proportional relation to %grafting in case of 0.1N HCl acid. Equilibrium swelling and hydration were also found to be proportional to % grafting. The similar effect was observed in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8) with an exception that the degree of the swelling parameters obtained from phosphate buffer was very much greater compared to that found in 0.1N HCl. PSAc-g-GG exhibited extended drug release over a period of 10 hours with the drug release mechanism based on Case-1 Fickian diffusion or square root of time kinetic. The study also exhibited the usefulness of viscoelastic and swelling study in order to identify the effects of the degree of grafting on the drug release.

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Gisbert-Mullor, Ramón, Costanza Ceccanti, Yaiza Gara Padilla, et al. "Effect of Grafting on the Production, Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Nutritional Quality of Fruit from Pepper Landraces." Antioxidants 9, no. 6 (2020): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9060501.

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Grafting is a widely utilized agronomical technique to improve yield, disease resistance, and quality of fruit and vegetables. This work aims to assess the effect of grafting and fruit ripening on the production, physico-chemical characteristics, and nutritional quality of fruit from Spanish local pepper landraces. Landraces “Cuerno,” “Sueca,” and “Valencia” were used as scions, and “NIBER®” as the rootstock. Two ripening stages of the fruits were sampled: green and red. Grafting improved the yield and marketable quality and did not negatively influence the physico-chemical and nutritional characteristics of the fruit. It was noteworthy that the bioactive compound contents and antioxidant capacity were more related to maturity stage and genotype, and red fruit had a higher antioxidant capacity than green fruit. However, in all the scions, grafting significantly enhanced lycopene content in both red and green fruit. Another important effect of grafting was the volatile compound composition evidenced by discriminant analyses, which was characterized for the first time in the fruit of these landraces. The rootstock and scion combination could be a way to improve not only the production, but also the fruit quality of peppers.

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Mpon, Richard, Maurice K. Ndikontar, Hyppolite N. Ntede, et al. "Optimisation of Graft Copolymerisation of Fibres from Banana Trunk." E-Journal of Chemistry 9, no. 1 (2012): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/313490.

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Sheets from banana trunks were opened out and dried for several weeks in air. Pulp was obtained by the nitric acid process with a yield of 37.7% while fibres were obtained according to the modified standard Japanese method for cellulose in wood for pulp (JIS 8007) with a yield of 65% with respect to oven dried plant material. Single fibre obtained by the JIS method had an average diameter of 11.0 μm and Young's modulus, tensile strength and strain at break-off 7.05 GPa, 81.7 MPa and 5.2% respectively. Modification of the fibres was carried out by grafting ethyl acrylate in the presence of ammonium nitrate cerium(IV). Optimisation of the copolymerisation reaction conditions was studied by measuring the rate of conversion, the rate of grafting and the grafting efficiency. The results showed that at low values of ceric ion concentration (0.04 M), at ambient temperature, after three hours and at a concentration of 0.2 M ethyl acrylate, maximum values of the parameters cited were obtained.

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Wie, Jaehyun, and Jooheon Kim. "Thermal Conductivity Enhancement Derived from Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)-Grafted Carbon Nanotubes in Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)/Polystyrene Blends." Polymers 11, no. 8 (2019): 1347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11081347.

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This paper presents a method to enhance thermal conductivity using poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA), polystyrene(PS) blends, and incorporation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). MWCNTs are selectively localized in PMMA phase to improve conductive properties. In addition, Surface of MWCNTs was treated with PMMA to enhance affinity between matrix and filler. PMMA grafting helps filler localization on matrix phase. Composites using two polymers enhanced thermal conductivity by ~11% compared with composites using only PS or PMMA. Also, PMMA grafting on the surface of MWCNTs enhanced thermal conductivity by ~13% compared with samples without PMMA grafting.

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Barrera-Ramírez, Rubén, J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández, Ricardo López-Aguillón, Hipólito J. Muñoz-Flores, Eduardo J. Treviño-Garza, and Oscar A. Aguirre-Calderón. "Impact of external and internal factors on successful grafting of Pinus pseudostrobus var. oaxacana (Mirov) Harrison." Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente 27, no. 2 (2020): 243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.05.037.

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Introduction: Grafting allows full multiplication of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of genetically improved trees. Objective: To determine the influence of bud origin, rootstock fertilization, grafting period and grafting techniques on the success of grafting, growth, and survival of intraspecific grafts in Pinus pseudostrobus var. oaxacana (Mirov) Harrison. Materials and methods: The effect of four factors was evaluated ([a] two bud sources, [b] three rootstock fertilization doses, [c] three grafting seasons and [d] two grafting techniques) on the success of grafting, shoot growth (Sg) and survival. An analysis of variance was carried out to determine the effect of factors a, b, c, and d on successful grafting and Sg, and a Log-Rank test was carried out for survival analysis. Results and discussion: Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were obtained for factors a, c and d. Grafting during winter (December 2018 and February 2019) using the side-veneer grafts technique and buds coming from Santa Catarina Ixtepeji showed the highest values of successful grafting (≥25.5 %), Sg (≥14.5 cm) and survival (≥20.5 %). Final survival decreased from 100 to 27 % 90 days after grafting. Conclusions: Grafting period, bud origin, and grafting technique, individually or interacting with, are determinant factors for the success of intraspecific grafting on P. pseudostrobus var. oaxacana

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Hibbert-Frey, Haley, John Frampton, Frank A. Blazich, and L. Eric Hinesley. "Grafting Fraser Fir (Abies fraseri): Effect of Grafting Date, Shade, and Irrigation." HortScience 45, no. 4 (2010): 617–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.45.4.617.

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Grafting fraser fir [Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.] scions onto rootstocks of turkish fir (Abies bornmuelleriana Mattf.) is a strategy used by some Christmas tree growers in the southern Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina to reduce losses by phytophthora root rot caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands. This study compared the traditional time of grafting (April) with eight summer/early fall grafting dates from mid-July through mid-October. Shade and irrigation treatments were also superimposed on the grafting dates. To ensure optimal grafting success, grafting should be performed in the late winter/early spring (April) when scions are dormant and the rootstocks are becoming active. April graft success was 95% but when grafting fresh scions in summer/fall, graft success decreased from 52% in July to 0% in October. Shade improved summer graft success (52% with, 38% without). Irrigation did not significantly affect graft success or subsequent growth. In a supplemental storage study, grafting of stored scion material in summer/early fall was not successful (less than 1%).

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Vedung, Sigfrid, and Fredrik al Ekenstam. "Osteocutaneous Grafting from the Forearm to the Foot." Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery 25, no. 2 (1991): 177–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02844319109111280.

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Peschanski, Marc, Gilles Lemaitre, Xavier Nissan, and Christine Baldeschi. "Epidermis grafting: from adult to embryonic stem cells." Regenerative Medicine 5, no. 2 (2010): 157–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/rme.10.8.

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Wang, Xiao Yang, Lei Miao, Cheng Yan Liu, Jie Gao, and Yu Chen. "Thermoelectric Enhancement of Polyaniline Grafting from Graphene Oxide." Materials Science Forum 847 (March 2016): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.847.153.

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In this study, a PANI covalently grafted GO (GO-PANI) was obtained through amide reaction and a PANI covered GO (GO/PANI) was prepared via in-situ polymerization. The better thermoelectric properties were achieved in GO-PANI compared with GO/PANI under the same situation, i.e., the equal mass ratio of GO and PANI as well as the oxidative degree of polymerization reaction. Furthermore, polyaniline grafted from the reduced graphene [R(GO-PANI)] was prepared by reducing the above GO-PANI using hydrazine hydrate and the improved power factor as high as 3.6 × 10-8 W m-1 K-2 was attained at 341 K.

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Charan, Himanshu, Julia Kinzel, Ulrich Glebe та ін. "Grafting PNIPAAm from β-barrel shaped transmembrane nanopores". Biomaterials 107 (листопад 2016): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.08.033.

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Khelifa, Farid, Sergey Ershov, Youssef Habibi, Rony Snyders, and Philippe Dubois. "Free-Radical-Induced Grafting from Plasma Polymer Surfaces." Chemical Reviews 116, no. 6 (2016): 3975–4005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00634.

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Fei, Bin, Zongyue Yang, Hengrui Yang, Zhigang Hu, Ronghua Wang, and John H. Xin. "Schizophrenic copolymer from natural biopolymer by facile grafting." Polymer 51, no. 4 (2010): 890–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2009.12.045.

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Zhou, Chao, Hong-Wen Zhang, Yan Jiang, Wen-Jun Wang, and Qiang Yu. "Grafting of polyacrylamide from poly(ethylene terephthalate) films." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 121, no. 3 (2011): 1254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.33107.

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