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1

R., Vasuki, Arun P. S., and Rajesh Menon Moothedath. "A rare case of spontaneous gastric perforation in an adolescent." International Surgery Journal 5, no. 9 (2018): 3171. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20183743.

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Incidence of Peptic ulcer perforation in children and adolescents are very rare. Perforated gastric ulcer is extremely rare with only handful of cases reported worldwide in the same age group. Pneumoperitoneum and peritonitis due to gastric perforation is a very rare presentation in children and adolescents and it can often be overlooked with disastrous consequences. Even though in young patients, peptic ulcerations can happen in association with H. pylori infection, secondary to medications like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, corticosteroids, rarely due to Zollinger Ellison syndrome,
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2

Sulata, Choudhury, Rajesh V, Prasad Dash Siba, and Dalai Jitendra. "Prospective Study on Anti-Helicobacter Pylori Therapy and Endoscopic Biopsy Following Surgery in Cases of Peptic Perforation." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 14, no. 6 (2022): 684–93. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13626508.

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<strong>Background:</strong>&nbsp;The most common causes of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) are Helicobacter pylori infection and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and the PUD leads to perforation. Perforation of gastric or duodenal ulcer is one of the most serious and overwhelming catastrophes that can befall on human being. The incidence of peptic ulcer disease has decline in worldwide in recent years following judicious use of wide spectrum and highly effective ulcer healing drugs. Despite the widespread use of gastric antisecretory agents and H. pylori eradication therapy th
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3

Bingener, Juliane, Samer Sbayi, and Sandeep Patel. "Omental Gastrotomy Closure - Model for a NOTES Graham Patch." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 67, no. 5 (2008): AB120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2008.03.186.

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4

Abdullah Mohammed Abdulwally, Yasser Abdurabo Thabet, Moahmm, Abdullah Mohammed Abdulwally, Yasser Abdurabo Thabet, Moahmm. "Surgical outcome of management of perforated peptic ulcer (Al-Gumhori General Hospital, Sana-Yemen, From January 2017 to January 2020): النتيجة الجراحية لتدبير القرحة الهضمية المثقوبة (مستشفى الجمهوري العام، صنعاء – اليمن، من يناير 2017 إلى يناير 2020)". Journal of medical and pharmaceutical sciences 5, № 2 (2021): 34–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26389/ajsrp.d291020.

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Background: Perforated peptic ulcer (PPU) is a common life-threatening surgical emergency. The discovery of H. pylori (1985) changed the concept of the management of peptic ulcer. Nowadays reduction in gastric acid production with proton pump inhibitors along with eradication of H. pylori is recommended. Objective: to analysis the surgical outcome for management of perforated peptic ulcer in Al-gomhuri Hospital during 2017-2020. Methods: Clinically suspected cases of PPU were confirmed by radiological and laboratory investigation. These patients were subjected to exploratory laparotomy with Gr
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5

Arora, Bhavinder K., Rachit Arora, and Akshit Arora. "Modified Graham’s repair for peptic ulcer perforation: reassessment study." International Surgery Journal 4, no. 5 (2017): 1667. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20171618.

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Background: Peptic perforation is an emergency and requires urgent surgical treatment. Many modalities of treatment are available ranging from conservative treatment to laparoscopic repair. There is no consensus on treatment of perforated pylorodudenal ulcer which can be treated with conservative treatment, simple closure of ulcer, closure of ulcer with free omentum, closure of perforation with use of pedicled omentum, definitive treatment with truncal vagotomy and drainage procedures or parietal cell vagotomy. However best treatment is still to be decided.Methods: This study was conducted in
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6

Piper, Christine C., Charles J. Yeo, and Scott W. Cowan. "Roscoe Reid Graham (1890 to 1948): A Canadian Pioneer in General Surgery." American Surgeon 80, no. 5 (2014): 431–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481408000512.

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Roscoe Reid Graham, a Canadian surgeon trained at the University of Toronto, was a true pioneer in the field of general surgery. Although he may be best known for his omental patch repair of perforated duodenal ulcers—often referred to as the “Graham patch”—he had a number of other significant accomplishments that decorated his surgical career. Dr. Graham is credited with being the first surgeon to successfully enucleate an insulinoma. He ventured to do an essentially brand new operation based solely on his patient's symptoms and physical findings, a courageous move that even some of the most
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7

Khan, Salamat, and O. P. Gupta. "Surgical outcome of management of perforated peptic ulcer: retrospective analysis of 148 cases." International Surgery Journal 6, no. 10 (2019): 3643. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20194418.

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Background: Perforated peptic ulcer (PPU) is a common life threatening surgical emergency. Discovery of H. pylori (1985) changed the concept of the management of peptic ulcer. Now-a-days reduction in gastric acid production with proton pump inhibitors along with eradication of H. pylori is recommended.Methods: Clinically suspected cases of PPU were confirmed by radiological and laboratory investigation. These patients were subjected to exploratory laparotomy with Graham’s omental patch repair after adequate fluid resuscitation with optimal hemodynamic status with or without peritoneal drainage
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8

Warren, Benjamin, Ronan Allencherril, and Thomas R. McCarty. "S4945 Endoscopic Omental (Graham) Patch and Duodenal Ulcer Repair Using a Helical Tack-Based System." American Journal of Gastroenterology 119, no. 10S (2024): S3116. http://dx.doi.org/10.14309/01.ajg.0001049148.57869.18.

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9

Klein, Michael J., Nikita Chernetskii, and Eric A. Grin. "Utility and Timing of Upper Gastrointestinal Contrast Radiography Post-Graham (Omental) Patch Repair: A Retrospective Study." Panamerican Journal of Trauma, Critical Care & Emergency Surgery 14, no. 1 (2025): 44–49. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10030-1477.

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10

Mondal, Debashis, and Avijeet Mukherjee. "A randomized comparative study between omentopexy and omental plugging in treatment of duodenal perforation." International Surgery Journal 6, no. 10 (2019): 3662. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20194421.

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Background: Perforation due to duodenal ulcer is a common cause of peritonitis and is considered as one of the most catastrophic complication of duodenal ulcer perforation. Repair of perforation are considered particularly hazardous because of the extensive duodenal tissue loss, friability of the ulcer margins, surrounding tissue inflammation, poor general condition of the patient and overwhelming sepsis due to bacterial peritonitis. Thus, there is a need to compare closure of duodenal perforations by either Graham’s patch (OX) or omental plugging (OP) which are the simpler and more common met
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11

Mittal, Vinamra. "Laparoscopically Repaired Posterior Benign Gastric Wall Perforation – A Rare Case Report." Journal of Clinical Surgery and Research 6, no. 1 (2025): 01–05. https://doi.org/10.31579/2768-2757/160.

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Gastric perforation, most commonly caused by peptic ulcer disease (PUD), is a surgical emergency. While perforations are generally found in the anterior aspect of the duodenum, only 5–8% involve the posterior wall of the stomach. Posterior perforations represent a rare and distinct clinical entity, with an estimated annual incidence of 3.8–14 cases per 100,000 individuals. Pre-operative diagnosis can be challenging, as these perforations are often identified only during surgery. Posterior perforation of peptic ulcer is a distinct clinical entity not commonly encountered. We present a case of a
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12

Rohit, Dushyant Kumar, R. S. Verma, and Grishmraj Pandey. "Clinical study and management of peritonitis secondary to perforated peptic ulcer." International Surgery Journal 4, no. 8 (2017): 2721. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20173209.

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Background: Perforated peptic ulcer is the most common cause among all causes of gastrointestinal tract perforation which is an emergency condition of the abdomen that requires early recognition and timely surgical management. Peptic ulcer perforation is associated significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of study is to evaluate the incidence, clinical presentation, management and outcomes of the patient with peptic ulcer perforation undergoing emergency laparotomy.Methods: This retrospective study includes 45 patients who were operated for perforated peptic ulcer peritonitis at Bundelkhan
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13

Ray, M. S., Pawan Yadav, Vishal Patel, et al. "Ray’s rule of half - governs deployment of tube duodenostomy - a lifesaving procedure to manage stale and macerated duodenal perforation: a prospective study of 22 cases in 20 years." International Surgery Journal 12, no. 7 (2025): 1119–25. https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20251904.

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Background: Tube decompression of the duodenum is an old but an underutilized technique known to decrease morbidity and mortality in patients with difficult to manage duodenal perforation. Tube duodenostomy surpasses all other elaborate and risky techniques of management of perforation or breach of duodenum in very sick patients. Methods: We have used tube duodenostomy in 22 cases over 20 years, as a desperate mode of management, in large, old macerated duodenal perforation. All our cases had &gt;0.5 cm, macerated, more than 12 hours old perforation in the second part of duodenum. We observed
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14

Judhan, Rudy J., Raquel Silhy, Kristen Statler, et al. "The Integration of Adult Acute Care Surgeons into Pediatric Surgical Care Models Supplements the Workforce without Compromising Quality of Care." American Surgeon 81, no. 9 (2015): 854–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481508100916.

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Acute care of children remains a challenge due to a shortage of pediatric surgeons, particularly in rural areas. In our institutional norm, all cases in patients age six and older are managed by dedicated general surgeons. The provision of care to these children by these surgeons alleviates the impact of such shortages. We conducted a five-year retrospective analysis of all acute care pediatric surgical cases performed in patients aged 6 to 17 years by a dedicated group of adult general surgeons in a rural tertiary care hospital. Demographics, procedure, complications, outcomes, length of stay
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15

Swastik, Sankhala, Bhalodiya Suhag, and Gamit Sushrit. "Comparative Analysis of Laparoscopic Versus Open Peptic Perforation Repair." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 15, no. 10 (2023): 669–73. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11262385.

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<strong>Background and Aim:&nbsp;</strong>Peptic perforation refers to a duodenal ulcer perforation or a gastric ulcer perforation. Graham&rsquo;s omental patch repair is required to correct peptic perforations. This surgical intervention can be performed either laparoscopically or openly. The study&rsquo;s aims were to investigate various complications of open laparotomy peptic perforation repair and laparoscopic peptic perforation repair, and then to reduce post-operative complications by customising a suitable procedure in a specific person.&nbsp;<strong>Material and Methods:</strong>&nbsp;
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16

Mirton, Pasihulilzan, and Hesty Rhauda Ashan. "Performed Laparoscopic Surgery For Gastric Perforation: Case Report." Journal of Society Medicine 3, no. 6 (2024): 161–64. https://doi.org/10.47353/jsocmed.v3i6.147.

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Introduction: Perforated peptic ulcer (PPU) is a life-threatening disease with historically reported high morbidity and mortality rates. The epidemiology of perforated peptic ulcer was appear to be stable in recent. The laparoscopy as primary operation has focused on safety to tread PPU. Case: A 75 years old man presented to our emergency center with generalized abdominal pain since 2 days before admision. Generalize abdominal pain develop suddenly and severe. Patient has history taking NSAID for 7 years to treat pain in the knee joint. He was complaining of chronic and recurrent upper abdomin
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17

S N, Somashekhar, and Siddarth Gondi. "A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF OPEN VS LAPAROSCOPIC DUODENAL ULCER PERFORATION CLOSURE." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, June 1, 2023, 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/ijsr/2920261.

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Background &amp; Objectives: Since the past decade, there has been a drastic change in the approach to abdominal surgeries from laparotomy to laparoscopic surgery. Laparoscopy has now become the gold standard in most of the elective abdominal procedures. However, there is still a debate on the use of laparoscopic approach in emergency scenarios such as perforated duodenal ulcer. This study aims to analyze and compare the benets, effectiveness and outcomes of open and laparoscopic surgical treatment of patients with perforated duodenal ulcer. This Prospective Methods: comparative study was con
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18

K, Dr Radha Krishna, Dr Bushra Khan, Dr Atif Abdul Samee, and Dr Syed Mujtaba Ibrahim. "CASE OF DU PERFORATION WITH SECONDARY OMENTAL NECROSIS- A RARE CASE REPORT." International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies 3, no. 11 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.32553/ijmbs.v3i11.757.

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Introduction: The Omentum is rich in blood supply. Omental Infarction can be classified as primary or secondary depending on the pathogenesis.&#x0D; Aims and Objectives: To report a case of DU perforation with secondary Omental Infarction.&#x0D; Case Details: A 21 year old male patient came with complaints of generalized dull aching abdominal pain, associated with persistent vomiting and high grade fever since 3 days. On examination, he was drowsy, BP was not recordable and peripheral pulses were not palpable. Abdominal examination revealed guarding and rigidity. X-ray erect abdomen showed gas
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19

Umbu, Landry, Hailey Harrison, David Thomas, Megan Contreras, and Kwesi Darku. "A case of retroperitoneal abscess secondary to duodenal perforation." Journal of Surgical Case Reports 2023, no. 6 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jscr/rjad368.

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Abstract The development of a retroperitoneal abscess in the setting of duodenal perforation is a rare occurrence. There are various causes of duodenal perforation such as trauma, iatrogenic injury and, most commonly, peptic ulcer disease [1]. Urgent surgical intervention is required when a patient presents with a perforated duodenal ulcer and signs of peritonitis. Generally, closure is performed with an omental pedicle or Graham patch [2]. In cases of large perforations, surgical resection, gastric partition with diverting gastrojejunostomy or T-drain placement may be required [2]. In this ca
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20

Abosheisha, Mohamed Dorgham, Amr Shalaby, Islam Zarad, Elmoatazbellah Nasr, and Mohamed Abdelsalam. "eP40 Falciformopexy as an Alternative to Omentopexy in Perforated Peptic Ulcer Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." British Journal of Surgery 112, Supplement_1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1093/bjs/znae318.029.

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Abstract Aim Peptic ulcer disease, characterised by defects in the gastric or duodenal mucosa, frequently leads to complications including perforation. The Graham repair using omental patch is the gold standard surgical intervention, but the falciform ligament patch repair serves as an alternative when the omentum is inadequate. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to compare the efficacy and safety of omentopexy and falciformopexy in patients with perforated peptic ulcers. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search across four databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus
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21

Rui, Chayan, Chandan Roy Choudhury, and Puspak Ghosh. "FEASIBILITY OF ERAS (ENHANCED RECOVERY AFTER SURGERY) PROTOCOL IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING EMERGENCY REPAIR FOR PERFORATED PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, May 1, 2021, 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/ijsr/1219188.

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Introduction: The surgical treatment of perforated peptic ulcer disease has evolved in parallel to advances in medical treatment of Peptic Ulcer Disease. Objective: To investigate the feasibility of ERAS (Enhanced Recovery after Surgery) Pathways in patients undergoing emergency repair for Perforated peptic ulcer disease. Materials and methods: Institutional based prospective analytical study. Indoor patients in Dept. of General Surgery in Medical College and Hospital Kolkata. January 2019 to June 2020. Study was conducted for 18 months.14 months was provided for data collection. Next 2 months
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22

Zino, Samer, Ali Alaeq, Assia Djoudi, Michael Hanna, and Amy Costello. "ThP3.4 - Suture Endoclips coding, a novel technique to improve efficiency and reduce errors In laparoscopic repair of peptic ulcer perforation." British Journal of Surgery 111, Supplement_8 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjs/znae197.250.

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Abstract The presentation describes our a novel technique of using Endo clips to tag the sutures during laparoscopic repair of perforated peptic ulcer utilizing Graham omental patch, Methods Four patients presented with perforated peptic ulcer. All treated with Laparoscopically. Supine position with split leg was standard. 5 and10mm thirty-degree scopes were used to facilitate efficient and comprehensive washing, through 11 mm umbilical port and two 5 mm ports. An extra 5mm port was needed on the lateral right Upper Quadrant for drain or liver retractor. We used 5mm endoclips to tag the end of
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23

Kristo, Gentian, and Thomas E. Clancy. "Diagnosis and Management of Benign Gastric and Duodenal Disease." DeckerMed Surgery, June 10, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/surg.2003.

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The diagnosis of uncomplicated peptic ulcers is difficult to make on a solely clinical basis. Whereas radiographic upper gastrointestinal (UGI) series remain useful, endoscopy is the most accurate method of establishing the diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease. Laboratory tests play an important role in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Figures showing UGI series with double contrast and H. pylori organisms on gastric biopsy samples are provided. The improved medical management of peptic ulcer disease has decreased the need for surgical intervention, w
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24

Devi, t. Paulia, S. Mani Selvi, Bommu Gowtham Naveen, and Kannan Kannan. "RETROPERITONEAL DUODENAL ULCER MIMICKING APPENDICITIS ASSOCIATED WITH VALENTINO’S SYNDROME." PARIPEX INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH, March 15, 2022, 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/paripex/3606660.

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Valentino syndrome is a rare presentation of perforated peptic ulcer in retroperitoneum,which can present as right iliac fossa pain mimicking acute appendicitis(AA).The purpose of this report is to emphasise on rare presentation of right iliac fossa (RIF)tenderness In a suspected case of acute appendicitis,later diagnosed it to be Valentino’s syndrome.We reported a case of 22 years old male patient presented to emergency with complaints of pain in the right groin with fever.The diagnosis was inconclusive after routine investigations and clinical examination later proceeded with contrast enhanc
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25

Modi, Jenishkumar Vijaykumar, and Girish Bochiya. "Comparative study of laparoscopic versus open peptic perforation repair." International Surgery Journal, August 10, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20232492.

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Background: Peptic perforation is very common emergency in general surgery. Peptic perforation is the terminology used for perforation of duodenal ulcer or perforation of gastric ulcer. Peptic perforations require surgical intervention by Graham’s omental patch repair. This surgical intervention can be done by laparoscopic or open surgery. Methods: The study was carried out in 40 patients between June 2022 to April 2023. In this study, we have included all the patients who present to emergency department with peptic perforation either gastric or duodenal. Patients who present with gastric perf
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Nguyen, Huu Tri, Loc Le, Doàn Van Phu Nguyen, Nhu Thanh Dang, and Thanh Phuc Nguyen. "FACTORS INFLUENCING THE OPERATION TECHNIQUE OF PEFORATED DUODENAL ULCER REPAIR BY SINGLEPORT LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY." Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy, August 2016, 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.34071/jmp.2016.4.15.

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Background: Single-port laparoscopic surgery (SPLS) is increasingly used in surgery and in the treatment of perforated duodenal ulcer. The aim of this study was to evaluate technical factors for perforated duodenal ulcer repair by SPLS. Methods: A prospective study on 42 consecutive patients diagnosed with perforated duodenal ulcer and treated with SPLS at Hue university of medicine and pharmacy hospital and Hue central hospital from January 2012 to February 2015. Results: The mean age was 48.1 ± 14.2 (17 - 79) years. 40 patients were treated with suture of the perforation by pure SPLS. There
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27

Suman, Sanjay Kumar, Mukesh Kumar, Pawan Kumar Jha, and Debarshi Jana. "CLINICAL STUDY AND MANAGEMENT OF PERITONITIS SECONDARY TO PERFORATED PEPTIC ULCER." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, October 1, 2020, 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/ijsr/4127161.

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Background: Perforated peptic ulcer is the most common cause among all causes of gastrointestinal tract perforationwhich is an emergency condition of the abdomen that requires early recognition and timely surgical management. Peptic ulcer perforation is associated significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of study is to evaluate the incidence, clinical presentation, management and outcomes of the patient with peptic ulcer perforation undergoing emergency laparotomy. Methods: This retrospective study includes 45 patients who were operated for perforated peptic ulcer peritonitis atDepartment
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28

"Management Outcome and Associated Factors of Perforated Peptic Ulcer Disease at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College and Tirunesh Beijing Hospital." Journal of Medical Clinical Case Reports, February 23, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.47485/2767-5416.1059.

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Background: Perforated peptic ulcer disease is one of the emergency surgical conditions of peptic ulcer complications with high mortality and morbidity. Although this emergency condition is prevalent in the study areas it is the first study that showed its magnitude and management outcome. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the outcome and factors associated with perforated peptic ulcer disease. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design was used. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 and binary logistic regression was used to see factors associated with outcomes. P valu
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29

Suraj, K. C., Tek Nath Yogi, Krish Rauniyar, et al. "Duodenal ulcer perforation peritonitis as a cause of acute abdomen in pediatric population: a rare case report and review of literature." Annals of Medicine & Surgery, April 29, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1097/ms9.0000000000003315.

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Introduction: Acute abdomen in pediatric patients presents diagnostic challenges due to the wide range of potential causes and overlapping clinical features. Duodenal ulcer perforation, though rare, can mimic more common conditions like appendicitis, complicating diagnosis and management. Perforated peptic ulcer disease (PUD) in children, especially without chronic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use or Helicobacter pylori infection, is uncommon but requires prompt recognition. Case presentation: A 9-year-old male presented with severe diffuse abdominal pain, fever, and a history o
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Dr., Zubair Ahmed Yousfani Dr. Syed Zulfiquar Ali Shah* Dr. Jabeen Atta Dr. Shabber Agha Abbas Dr. Zulfiqar Ali Qutrio Baloch Dr. Imran Karim and Dr. Sumera Bukhari. "FREQUENCY AND PATTERN OF ACUTE PERITONITIS AT TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL." iajps,csk publications 04, no. 02 (2017). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.376183.

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<strong><em>OBJECTIVE: </em></strong><em>To determine the frequency and pattern on acute peritonitis at tertiary care teaching hospital.</em> <strong><em>PATIENTS AND METHODS:</em></strong><em> This descriptive case series study was conducted from July 2015 to December 2015 on the patients that were provisionally diagnosed as acute peritonitis after relevant investigations and underwent surgical interventions of ≥12 years of age and either gender. The laparotomy was done under general anaesthesia or epidural anaesthesia while the postoperatively patients were followed till discharge from hospi
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31

Cardoso, Leonardo Januário Campos, Kleuber Arias Meireles Martins, Paulo Vitor Marques Xavier, et al. "Safety and Efficacy of the Falciformopexy Technique for Peptic Ulcer Perforation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." American Surgeon™, February 24, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1177/00031348251323722.

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Objectives Peptic ulcer perforation (PUP) is a severe complication of peptic ulcer disease, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The Graham patch repair (GPR) is the standard surgical treatment; however, when the greater omentum is insufficient, falciformopexy has emerged as a viable alternative. This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of falciformopexy for PUP through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Ovid to identify studies reporting on PUP patients treated with falcifor
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32

Sawyer, Robert G., Zachary C. Dietch, and Puja M. Shah. "Intra-abdominal Infection." DeckerMed Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, January 1, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/vasc.2165.

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The basic principles of rapid diagnosis, timely physiologic support, and definitive intervention for intra-abdominal infections have remained unchanged over the past century; however, specific management of these conditions has been transformed as a result of numerous advances in technology. This review covers clinical evaluation, investigative studies, options for intervention, early source control and duration of antimicrobial therapy, infections of the upper abdomen, infections of the lower abdomen, other abdominal infections, and special cases. Figures show an algorithm outlining the appro
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Sawyer, Robert G., Zachary C. Dietch, and Puja M. Shah. "Intra-abdominal Infection." DeckerMed Surgery, December 31, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/surg.2165.

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The basic principles of rapid diagnosis, timely physiologic support, and definitive intervention for intra-abdominal infections have remained unchanged over the past century; however, specific management of these conditions has been transformed as a result of numerous advances in technology. This review covers clinical evaluation, investigative studies, options for intervention, early source control and duration of antimicrobial therapy, infections of the upper abdomen, infections of the lower abdomen, other abdominal infections, and special cases. Figures show an algorithm outlining the appro
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