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Journal articles on the topic 'Grahamstown (South Africa) – History'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

O’Halloran, Paddy. "Contested Space and Citizenship in Grahamstown, South Africa." Journal of Asian and African Studies 53, no. 1 (August 30, 2016): 20–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909616664920.

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This paper discusses two distinct political mobilisations of October 2015 in Grahamstown, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Student protests against racial, class-based, and gender-based oppression coincided with xenophobic violence in the city. These events demonstrated both challenges to and continuity with the long history of politics in Grahamstown, a history marked by the contestation and control of space, race, and citizenship. The paper argues for the continued relevance of these themes to thinking about contemporary South African politics. By considering together the two events of October 2015, we can interrogate aspects of colonial political continuities in post-1994 South Africa which variously influence mass protest action for democratic opening, anti-democratic violence, and state responses to both.

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2

SCHMIDT, BRYAN. "Fault Lines, Racial and Aesthetic: The National Arts Festival at Grahamstown." Theatre Research International 43, no. 3 (October 2018): 318–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883318000561.

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This article asks how theatre shapes civic space by examining the emergence of racial divides in the city of Grahamstown, South Africa, during the annual National Arts Festival (NAF). I track how decision making by festival organizers has relied on economic research and implicit artistic preferences that have resulted in the steady exclusion of artists from local townships. I argue that the presence of the NAF in Grahamstown creates fault lines that are not physical, but aesthetic, in nature, creating invisible boundaries that reward stage performances at the expense of street performances. I track a history of street performance at the NAF, with particular attention to its local mime tradition, to demonstrate how this axis of festivity was integral to developing the NAF's cultural cachet, but was systematically managed, policed or appropriated to fit organizers’ image for Grahamstown at festival time. This work troubles aspirational narratives of creative and cultural industries that South Africa and other African countries have come to rely upon as inclusive and sustainable routes of economic development.

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3

Wells, Julia C. "In the Shadow of the Butcher." Public Historian 36, no. 2 (May 1, 2014): 51–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2014.36.2.51.

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The year-long commemoration of the bicentennial of Grahamstown, South Africa, exposed the wide gap between heritage practitioners, broadly defined, and much of the general public in confronting a troubled past. Although experts and a few community members enthusiastically promoted social healing through a variety of creative activities, much of the public retreated from participation. The nature of a full year of commemorative events is significantly different from many other forms of heritage work in South Africa today, because it engages the general public rather than a few select individuals. The Project revealed the still strong racial divide and self-concepts of many South Africans.

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4

COHEN, ALAN. "Mary Elizabeth Barber: South Africa's first lady natural historian." Archives of Natural History 27, no. 2 (June 2000): 187–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2000.27.2.187.

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An account of the life of a nineteenth century South African frontiers-woman who, without any formal education, made a name for herself as a plant collector and natural historian. Born in England, she emigrated as a child of 2 years of age with her family as one of the British settlers to the Grahamstown area in 1820. From the age of 20 she corresponded with several eminent English biologists, and had scientific papers on botany and entomology published in a number of journals. She was later involved in the early discoveries of diamonds and gold in South Africa. One of her sons was amongst the first to see and paint the Victoria Falls after their discovery by Livingstone. With her younger brother James Henry Bowker she collected and sent back a large number of plants, many of them previously unknown, to the herbarium of Trinity College, Dublin, and the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. She collaborated with her older brother Thomas Holden Bowker in building up one of the earliest collections of stone-age implements in South Africa, some of which are now in the British Museum.

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Cohen, Alan. "Mary Elizabeth Barber, Some Early South African Geologists, and the Discoveries of Diamonds." Earth Sciences History 22, no. 2 (January 1, 2003): 156–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.22.2.25055065g1263034.

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The second generation of those Britons who had emigrated to the Cape Colony of South Africa in 18201 included a number of people who had transcended the basic requirements of establishing a subsistence among the relatively inhospitable social, economic, and agricultural climate of their new homeland. They became interested in the scientific study of the nature of their surroundings and in their spare time became keen amateur natural historians, geologists, archaeologists, and ethnologists. Those more intrepid amongst them sought to explore the unknown interior and in the process discovered the vast mineral wealth of the country, in particular diamonds, gold, and coal. This article seeks to show how one small group of people based around Grahamstown in the Eastern Province of the colony were involved in some of these discoveries, and especially the early discovery of diamonds in the Transvaal. Most of the group were connected in some way with Mary Elizabeth Barber (1818-1899), the daughter of a British gentleman sheep-farmer who arrived in South Africa in 1820. She became a well-known contemporary artist, poet, and natural historian, corresponding with several leading British scientists such as Sir Joseph Hooker and Charles Darwin. Her scientific papers were published, amongst others, by the Linnean Society of London, the Entomological Society of London, and the South African Philosophical Society.

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6

Wilbraham, Lindy. "Reconstructing Harry: A Genealogical Study of a Colonial Family ‘Inside’ and ‘Outside’ the Grahamstown Asylum, 1888–1918." Medical History 58, no. 2 (April 2014): 166–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2014.9.

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AbstractRecent scholarship has explored the dynamics between families and colonial lunatic asylums in the late nineteenth century, where families actively participated in the processes of custodial care, committal, treatment and release of their relatives. This paper works in this historical field, but with some methodological and theoretical differences. The Foucauldian study is anchored to a single case and family as an illness narrative that moves cross-referentially between bureaucratic state archival material, psychiatric case records, and intergenerational family-storytelling and family photographs. Following headaches and seizures, Harry Walter Wilbraham was medically boarded from his position as Postmaster in the Cape of Good Hope Colony of South Africa with a ‘permanent disease of the brain’, and was committed to the Grahamstown Asylum in 1910, where he died the following year, aged 40 years. In contrast to writings about colonial asylums that usually describe several patient cases and thematic patterns in archival material over time and place, this study’s genealogical lens examines one white settler male patient’s experiences within mental health care in South Africa between 1908 and 1911. The construction of Harry’s ‘case’ interweaves archival sources and reminiscences inside and outside the asylum, and places it within psychiatric discourse of the time, and family dynamics in the years that followed. Thus, this case study maps the constitution of ‘patient’ and ‘family’ in colonial life,c.1888–1918, and considers the calamity, uncertainty, stigma and silences of mental illness.

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7

DAVIS, GEOFFREY V. "“Days of Miracle and Wonder”: Standard Bank National Arts Festival Grahamstown, South Africa. July 3–13, 1997." Matatu 20, no. 1 (April 26, 1998): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-90000295.

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8

Wells, Julia C. "From Grahamstown to Egazini: Using Art and History to Construct Post Colonial Identity and Healing in the New South Africa." African Studies 62, no. 1 (July 2003): 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00020180300992.

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9

Reznick, David. "Alternative Life-History Styles of Animals. Based on Papers from a Conference Held in Grahamstown, South Africa, June 1987.Michael N. Bruton." Quarterly Review of Biology 65, no. 3 (September 1990): 347–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/416850.

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10

Foster, R. F. "Occasional Papers on the Irish in South Africa. By Donald Harman Akenson. Grahamstown, S.A.: Institute of Social and Economic Research, Rhodes University, 1991. Pp. 101. R 20." Journal of African History 34, no. 1 (March 1993): 177–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700033272.

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11

Wilbur, H. M. "Alternative Life-History Styles of Animals. Michael N. Bruton, Ed. Kluwer, Norwell, MA, 1989. xviii, 617 pp., illus. $215. Perspectives in Vertebrate Science, vol. 6. From a conference, Grahamstown, South Africa, 1987." Science 248, no. 4956 (May 11, 1990): 750–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.248.4956.750-a.

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12

Davis, Geoffrey V. "A Select Index to South African Literature in English 1992, ed., coord. Julie Strauss. [NELM Index Series; 3] (Grahamstown: National English Literary Museum, 1993), 217 pages. 52 Rand. ISBN 1-87494103-3." Matatu 17-18, no. 1 (April 26, 1997): 353–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-90000245.

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13

Poole, L. M. G. "Meteor radiant distributions observed from Grahamstown, South Africa." Earth, Moon, and Planets 68, no. 1-3 (1995): 451–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00671539.

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14

Laws, Page. "South Africa through the Prism: Festival in Grahamstown, 1996." New Theatre Quarterly 12, no. 48 (November 1996): 390–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00010587.

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15

De Klerk, Willem. "Unity in Adversity: Reflections on the Clinical Movement in South Africa." International Journal of Clinical Legal Education 12 (July 18, 2014): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.19164/ijcle.v12i0.72.

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Not long after I joined the Wits Law Clinic in January of 1997, I was seconded by our Director to attend a workshop hosted by Rhodes University Law Clinic in Grahamstown. The workshop was to be presented by the Association of University Legal Aid Institutions, or AULAI as it is commonly known. As a new recruit to our law clinic I barely knew of the existence of other university law clinics in South Africa, let alone a national association of law clinics. No-one at our clinic bothered to inform me what the workshop was all about, and I, being only concerned really with the adventure of travelling to a beautiful part of the Eastern Cape, never bothered to ask. So, I set off to Grahamstown in blissful ignorance of the events that were to follow, events that, as it turned out, shaped my involvement with law clinics in South Africa.

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16

du Plessis, Rory. "Photographs from the Grahamstown Lunatic Asylum, South Africa, 1890–1907." Social Dynamics 40, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 12–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02533952.2014.883784.

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17

Jonker, E., and M. Saayman. "Socio-demographic analysis of Festival Entrepreneurs in South Africa." Southern African Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management 3, no. 1 (December 31, 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajesbm.v3i1.19.

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<p>The purpose of this article is to examine the socio-demographic differences between entrepreneurs at National Arts festivals in South Africa. Language, and specifically Afrikaans, English and African languages, was used as the dependent variable. The Klein Karoo National Arts Festival (KKNK) in Oudtshoorn and the Grahamstown National Arts Festival (GNAF) are the two largest arts festivals in South Africa. The research was conducted by means of a questionnaire survey (N=500). The data from KKNK and GNAF were combined and factor analyses were applied to determine the role and attributes of entrepreneurs. Cross-tabulation analyses were used to illustrate the comparison of language with socio-demographical variables (marital status, qualification, province, family business, personal attributes, business premises and resourcefulness) and the role and attributes of entrepreneurs. In addition, the association of language with independent variables was examined by means of one-way ANOVA for the three language groups. Findings suggest that there are significant differences in festival entrepreneurs from different cultures (languages), especially in terms of socio-demographic variables such as marital status, education, province, business and personal attributes (resourcefulness).</p><p><strong>Keywords and phrases:</strong> Klein Karoo National Arts Festival, Grahamstown National Arts Festival, festival entrepreneur, factor analysis, cross-tabulation analysis, ANOVA, entrepreneurs, language</p>

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18

McKinnell, Lee-Anne, Ben Opperman, and Pierre J. Cilliers. "GPS TEC and ionosonde TEC over Grahamstown, South Africa: First comparisons." Advances in Space Research 39, no. 5 (2007): 816–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2006.10.018.

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19

Jacobs, Linda, Allon W. V. Poole, and Lee-Anne McKinnell. "An analysis of automatically scaled F1 layer data over Grahamstown, South Africa." Advances in Space Research 34, no. 9 (2004): 1949–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2004.06.009.

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20

Trisk, Janet, and Luke Pato. "Theological Education and Anglican Identity in South Africa." Journal of Anglican Studies 6, no. 1 (June 2008): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1740355308091387.

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ABSTRACTTheological education should take full account of the context in which it operates and authors share a commitment to a broadly defined liberation theology which takes the experience of the poor as its starting point. Focus is on the College of the Transfiguration in Grahamstown, a city with an unemployment rate of over 50 percent. The College supports not only theological education but also integrates ministerial and spiritual formation. The political context of South Africa has influenced the shape of theology even though students come from many other places. The contextualization thrust of the theology is shaped by a commitment to Outcomes Based Education. Anglican studies curriculum is shaped by this method and aims for a capacity to describe such things as Anglican identity, polity and beliefs. This is carried out in the absence of any sustained robust discourse on Anglican identity in the Anglican Communion.

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21

Sipungu, Thoko. "Gay Men’s Identity Negotiation Strategies within the Methodist Church of Southern Africa in Grahamstown, South Africa." South African Review of Sociology 50, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21528586.2019.1630297.

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22

Malinga, S. B., L. M. G. Poole, and R. a. Vincent. "Simultaneous observations of atmospheric summer tides at Grahamstown (South Africa) and Adelaide (Australia)." Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 60, no. 15 (October 1998): 1459–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1364-6826(98)00096-0.

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23

PAGET-WILKES, A. H. "XXXVII.-Notes on the Birds of the Grahamstown District, Cape Province, South Africa." Ibis 66, no. 4 (April 3, 2008): 720–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1924.tb05351.x.

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24

Matthews, Sally. "Privilege, solidarity and social justice struggles in South Africa: A view from Grahamstown." Transformation: Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa 88, no. 1 (2015): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/trn.2015.0016.

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25

Perry, Allen. "Severe hailstorm at Grahamstown in relation to convective weather hazards in South Africa." Weather 50, no. 6 (June 1995): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1477-8696.1995.tb06110.x.

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26

Lewis, Megan. "Standard Bank National Arts Festival, Grahamstown, South Africa, 3-13 July 1997 (review)." Theatre Journal 50, no. 1 (1998): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tj.1998.0018.

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27

DENIS, PHILIPPE. "The Beginnings of Anglican Theological Education in South Africa, 1848–1963." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 63, no. 3 (June 20, 2012): 516–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046910002988.

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Various attempts at establishing Anglican theological education were made after the arrival in 1848 of Robert Gray, the first bishop of Cape Town, but it was not until 1876 that the first theological school opened in Bloemfontein. As late as 1883 half of the Anglican priests in South Africa had never attended a theological college. The system of theological education which developed afterwards became increasingly segregated. It also became more centralised, in a different manner for each race. A central theological college for white ordinands was established in Grahamstown in 1898 while seven diocesan theological colleges were opened for blacks during the same period. These were reduced to two in the 1930s, St Peter's College in Johannesburg and St Bede's in Umtata. The former became one of the constituent colleges of the Federal Theological Seminary in Alice, Eastern Cape, in 1963.

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28

De Lacy, P., and C. M. Shackleton. "The comparative growth rates of indigenous street and garden trees in Grahamstown, South Africa." South African Journal of Botany 92 (May 2014): 94–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2014.02.007.

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De Lacy, P., and Charlie M. Shackleton. "Woody plant species richness, composition and structure in urban sacred sites, Grahamstown, South Africa." Urban Ecosystems 20, no. 5 (April 10, 2017): 1169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11252-017-0669-y.

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30

Albini, Paola, Fleur O. Strasser, and Nicolette S. Flint. "Earthquakes from 1820 to 1936 in Grahamstown and surroundings (Eastern Cape Province, South Africa)." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 12, no. 1 (February 2014): 45–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-013-9562-0.

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31

McKinnell, Lee-Anne, Oyapo Chimidza, and Pierre Cilliers. "The variability and predictability of the IRI B0, B1 parameters over Grahamstown, South Africa." Advances in Space Research 44, no. 6 (September 2009): 747–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2009.05.019.

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32

Saayman, M., A. Saayman, and E. Slabbert. "Who spends and who does not: Clustering visitors at a national arts festival." South African Journal of Business Management 42, no. 1 (March 31, 2011): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v42i1.485.

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The Grahamstown National Arts Festival is the oldest National Arts Festival in South Africa and was founded in 1974. This celebration of the arts takes place over a period of eleven days with the main festival running over eight days, which also makes it the longest (in terms of number of days) arts festival in the country. The literature review revealed that high spenders at arts festivals are also the visitors who buy the most show tickets. The success of these events is determined by ticket sales and not necessarily by the number of visitors. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to determine who the high spenders at the Grahamstown National Arts Festival are. Data obtained during the festival in 2008 by means of a questionnaire survey (N=446) was statistically analysed by means of K-means clustering, Pearson‟s chi-square test and ANOVAs. Results indicated two clusters, namely high and low spenders and can assist festival organisers in developing a more focused marketing strategy and festival programme. This was the first time that K-means clustering was applied to festival data in South Africa.

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33

Bonnevie, Bo T. "Song and breeding observations of suburban Olive Thrushes (Turdus olivaceus olivaceus) in Grahamstown, South Africa." Ostrich 75, no. 3 (September 2004): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/00306520409485422.

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Hulley, Patrick E., and Adrian JFK Craig. "The status of the Southern Ground-Hornbill in the Grahamstown region, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Ostrich 78, no. 1 (March 2007): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/ostrich.2007.78.1.13.57.

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35

Mushoriwa, Fadzai, Nick Townsend, and Sunitha Srinivas. "Knowledge, attitudes and perception on dietary salt reduction of two communities in Grahamstown, South Africa." Nutrition and Health 23, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0260106016685725.

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Introduction: Dietary salt reduction has been identified as a cost effective way of addressing the global burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly cardiovascular diseases. The World Health Organization has recommended three main strategies for achieving population-wide salt reduction in all member states: food reformulation, policies and consumer awareness campaigns. In 2013, the South African Ministry of Health announced the mandatory salt reduction legislation for the food manufacturing sector. These were set to come into effect on 30 June 2016. This decision was influenced by the need to reduce the incidence of NCDs and the fact that processed food is the source of 54% of the salt consumed in the South African diet. However, with discretionary salt also being a significant contributor, there is need for consumer awareness campaigns. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of guardians and cooks at two non-governmental organisations based in Grahamstown, South Africa, towards dietary salt reduction. Method: Data was collected through observation and explorative, voice-recorded semi-structured interviews and transcribed data was analysed using NVivo®. Results: At both centres, salt shakers were not placed on the tables during mealtimes. Only 14% the participants perceived their personal salt intake to be a little. No participants were aware of the recommended daily salt intake limit or the relationship between salt and sodium. Only five out of the 19 participants had previously received information on dietary salt reduction from sources such as healthcare professionals and the media. Conclusion: The results from the first phase of this study highlighted gaps in the participants’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards dietary salt reduction. The aim of the second phase of the research is to design and implement a context specific and culturally appropriate educational intervention on dietary salt reduction.

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Thondhlana, G., and H. W. Kua. "Promoting household energy conservation in low-income households through tailored interventions in Grahamstown, South Africa." Journal of Cleaner Production 131 (September 2016): 327–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.05.026.

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37

Nambala, Fred-Joe, Lee-Anne McKinnell, and Elijah Oyeyemi. "Variations in the ionospheric scale height parameter at the F2 peak over Grahamstown, South Africa." Advances in Space Research 42, no. 4 (August 2008): 707–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2007.10.030.

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38

Villet, Martin H., Chrystal Clitheroe, and Kirstin A. Williams. "The temporal occurrence of flesh flies (Diptera, Sarcophagidae) at carrion-baited traps in Grahamstown, South Africa." African Invertebrates 58, no. 1 (January 18, 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.58.9537.

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Lewis, Megan. "25th Anniversary Standard Bank National Arts Festival, Grahamstown, South Africa, 29 June-11 July 1999 (review)." Theatre Journal 52, no. 2 (2000): 280–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tj.2000.0050.

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Malinga, S. B., L. M. G. Poole, and R. A. Vincent. "Long term variations in the mesospheric mean flow observed at Grahamstown (South Africa) and Adelaide (Australia)." Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 66, no. 18 (December 2004): 1745–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2004.07.038.

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Abdool Karim, Safura, and Catherine Kruyer. "Rhodes University v Student Representative Council of Rhodes University: The constitutionality of interdicting non-violent disruptive protest." South African Crime Quarterly, no. 62 (December 13, 2017): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3108/2017/v0n62a3020.

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Section 17 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 enshrines the right to assemble, peacefully and unarmed, and the Regulation of Gatherings Act 205 of 1993 enables the exercise of this right peacefully and with due regard to the rights of others. The recent student protests across South Africa have occasioned litigation seeking to interdict protest action, which the universities claim is unlawful. Overly broad interdicts, which interdict lawful protest action, violate the constitutional right to assembly and have a chilling effect on protests. In a decision of the High Court of South Africa, Eastern Cape Division, Grahamstown, a final interdict was granted interdicting two individuals from, among other things, disrupting lectures and tutorials at Rhodes University and from inciting such disruption. In this note, the constitutionality of interdicting non-violent disruptive protest is discussed and analysed, using Rhodes University v Student Representative Council of Rhodes University and Others (1937/2016) [2016] ZAECGHC 141.

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Baiyegunhi, Christopher, and Kuiwu Liu. "Sedimentary facies, stratigraphy, and depositional environments of the Ecca Group, Karoo Supergroup in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa." Open Geosciences 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 748–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2020-0256.

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Abstract The stratigraphy of the Ecca Group has been subdivided into the Prince Albert, Whitehill, Collingham, Ripon, and Fort Brown Formations in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. In this article, we present detailed stratigraphic and facies analyses of borehole data and road-cut exposures of the Ecca Group along regional roads R67 (Ecca Pass), R344 (Grahamstown-Adelaide), R350 (Kirkwood-Somerset East), and national roads N2 (Grahamstown-Peddie) and N10 (Paterson-Cookhouse). Facies analysis of the Ecca Group in the study area was performed to deduce their depositional environments. Based on the lithological and facies characteristics, the stratigraphy of the Prince Albert, Whitehill, Collingham, and Fort Brown Formations is now subdivided into two informal members each, while the Ripon Formation is subdivided into three members. A total of twelve lithofacies were identified in the Ecca Group and were further grouped into seven distinct facies associations (FAs), namely: Laminated to thin-bedded black-greyish shale and mudstones (FA 1); Laminated black-greyish shale and interbedded chert (FA 2); Mudstone rhythmite and thin beds of tuff alternation (FA 3); Thin to thick-bedded sandstone and mudstone intercalation (FA 4); Medium to thick-bedded dark-grey shale (FA 5); Alternated thin to medium-bedded sandstone and mudstone (FA 6); and Varved mudstone rhythmite and sandstone intercalation (FA 7). The FAs revealed gradually change of sea-level from deep marine (FA 1, FA 2, FA 3 and FA 4, FA 5, and FA 6) to prodelta environment (FA 7). This implies that the main Karoo Basin was gradually filling up with Ecca sediments, resulting in the gradual shallowing up of the water depth of the depositional basin.

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43

Bremner, G. Alex. "Out of Africa: G. F. Bodley, William White, and the Anglican Mission Church of St Philip, Grahamstown, 1857–67." Architectural History 51 (2008): 185–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066622x00003075.

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The Anglican mission church of St Philip, Grahamstown, is to this day a relatively little-known building (Fig. i). Erected at the height of Anglican missionary fervour in the 1860s, it is at first sight a small, nondescript structure the likes of which could be found throughout South Africa — indeed, the entire British empire — during the nineteenth century. On closer inspection, however, St Philip’s reveals itself to be anything but ordinary. It is one of very few buildings of its type remaining in South Africa that is entirely original in its design and almost completely unaltered in its condition. Although a number of noteworthy Anglican churches in the region survive from this period (especially those by Sophia Gray), many have been restored and/or extended. St Philip’s, however, remains today virtually the same as it was when consecrated over 140 years ago.

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44

Higgs, Catherine, and Frank Welsh. "South Africa: A Narrative History." International Journal of African Historical Studies 33, no. 1 (2000): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/220298.

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45

Etherington, Norman, and Leonard Thompson. "A History of South Africa." International Journal of African Historical Studies 26, no. 2 (1993): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/219585.

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Freund, Bill, and Leonard Thompson. "A History of South Africa." International Journal of African Historical Studies 24, no. 1 (1991): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/220106.

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Watson, R. L., T. R. H. Davenport, and Paul Maylam. "South Africa: A Modern History." International Journal of African Historical Studies 21, no. 1 (1988): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/219911.

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Smith, Iain R., and Leonard Thompson. "A History of South Africa." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 27, no. 3 (1993): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/485709.

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Gerhart, Gail M., and Leonard Thompson. "A History of South Africa." Foreign Affairs 69, no. 4 (1990): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20044587.

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WILLAN, BRIAN. "A History of South Africa." African Affairs 91, no. 365 (October 1992): 641–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a098572.

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