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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Grain amaranths - Analysis

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Academic literature on the topic 'Grain amaranths - Analysis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Grain amaranths - Analysis"

1

Park, Young-Jun, and Tomotaro Nishikawa. "Rapid identification of Amaranthus caudatus and Amaranthus hypochondriacus by sequencing and PCR–RFLP analysis of two starch synthase genes." Genome 55, no. 8 (August 2012): 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g2012-050.

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The objective of this study was to develop a PCR–RFLP method to identity the cultivated species of grain amaranth based on variations in the sequences of their starch synthase genes. We sequenced the SSSI and GBSSI loci in 126 accessions of cultivated grain amaranth collected from diverse locations around the world. We aligned the gene sequences and searched for restriction enzyme cleavage sites specific to each species for use in the PCR–RFLP analysis. Our analyses indicated that EcoRI would recognize the sequence 5′-GAATT/C-3′ in the SSSI gene from Amaranthus caudatus L., and TaqI would recognize the sequence 5′-T/CGA-3′ in the GBSSI gene from Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. The PCR products obtained using gene-specific primers were 423 bp (SSSI) and 627 or 635 bp (GBSSI) in length. These products were cut with different restriction enzymes resulting in species-specific RFLP patterns that could be used to distinguish among the cultivated grain amaranths. The results clearly showed that A. caudatus and A. hypochondriacus were easily differentiated at the species level using this method. Therefore, the PCR–RFLP method targeting amaranth starch synthase genes is simple and rapid, and it will be a useful tool for the identification of cultivated species of grain amaranth.

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2

Thapa, Ranjita, and Matthew Blair. "Morphological Assessment of Cultivated and Wild Amaranth Species Diversity." Agronomy 8, no. 11 (November 21, 2018): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8110272.

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Amaranthus L. is genus of C4 dicotyledonous herbaceous plants comprising approximately 70 species, with three subgenera, which contains both cultivated and wild types, where cultivated ones are used for food grains, leafy vegetables, potential forages and ornamentals. Grain amaranth are pseudocereals from three species domesticated in North and South America and are notable for containing high amount of protein and minerals and balanced amino acid in their small seeds. Genetic diversity analysis of amaranths is important for development of core set of germplasm with widely diverse population and effective utilization of plant genetic resources. In this study, we evaluated a germplasm collection of 260 amaranth accessions from United State Department of Agriculture (USDA) and 33 accessions from Seed Savers’ Exchange (SSE). We evaluated morphological traits like blade pigmentation, blade shape, petiole pigmentation, branching index, flower color, stem color, inflorescence density, inflorescence shape, terminal inflorescence attitude, plant height and yield characteristics across all 293 accessions. We compared clustering within the USDA and SSE collection and across both collections. Data analysis of morphological data showed significant difference of petiole pigmentation, stem color, blade pigmentation, blade shape and flower color across different clusters of accessions of USDA unlike among different clusters of SSE where we found significant difference of only blade pigmentation, blade shape and flower color. The relationship depicted by neighbor-joining dendogram using the morphological markers was consistent with some but not all of the differences observed between species. Some divisions were found between cultivated and weedy amaranths that was substantiated by morphological characteristics but no separation of South and Central American species was observed. Substantial phenotypic plasticity limits the use of morphological analysis for phylogenetic analysis but does show that important morphological traits such as inflorescence type and plant architecture can cross species boundaries. Similarly, color variants for leaves, flowers and seeds are not exclusive to one cluster in our study nor to one species and can be used widely for breeding any of the cultigens, but not to species identification. Our findings will help in germplasm conservation of grain amaranths and facilitate in this crop’s improvement. It will also help on developing effective breeding programs involving different plant characteristics and morphological traits of Amaranths.

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3

Stetter, Markus G., Mireia Vidal-Villarejo, and Karl J. Schmid. "Parallel Seed Color Adaptation during Multiple Domestication Attempts of an Ancient New World Grain." Molecular Biology and Evolution 37, no. 5 (December 20, 2019): 1407–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz304.

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Abstract Thousands of plants have been selected as crops; yet, only a few are fully domesticated. The lack of adaptation to agroecological environments of many crop plants with few characteristic domestication traits potentially has genetic causes. Here, we investigate the incomplete domestication of an ancient grain from the Americas, amaranth. Although three grain amaranth species have been cultivated as crop for millennia, all three lack key domestication traits. We sequenced 121 crop and wild individuals to investigate the genomic signature of repeated incomplete adaptation. Our analysis shows that grain amaranth has been domesticated three times from a single wild ancestor. One trait that has been selected during domestication in all three grain species is the seed color, which changed from dark seeds to white seeds. We were able to map the genetic control of the seed color adaptation to two genomic regions on chromosomes 3 and 9, employing three independent mapping populations. Within the locus on chromosome 9, we identify an MYB-like transcription factor gene, a known regulator for seed color variation in other plant species. We identify a soft selective sweep in this genomic region in one of the crop species but not in the other two species. The demographic analysis of wild and domesticated amaranths revealed a population bottleneck predating the domestication of grain amaranth. Our results indicate that a reduced level of ancestral genetic variation did not prevent the selection of traits with a simple genetic architecture but may have limited the adaptation of complex domestication traits.

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4

Ayiecho, P. O., and S. K. Jain. "A Regression and Path Analysis of Yield Related Traits in Two Populations of Grain Amaranths." East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal 55, no. 3 (January 1990): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00128325.1990.11663581.

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5

Park, Young-Jun, Kazuhiro Nemoto, Norihiko Tomooka, and Tomotaro Nishikawa. "Molecular characterization and expression analysis of a gene encoding an isoamylase-type starch debranching enzyme 3 (ISA3) in grain amaranths." Molecular Breeding 33, no. 4 (November 24, 2013): 793–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11032-013-9992-z.

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6

Xu, Fangxiu, and Mei Sun. "Comparative Analysis of Phylogenetic Relationships of Grain Amaranths and Their Wild Relatives (Amaranthus; Amaranthaceae) Using Internal Transcribed Spacer, Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism, and Double-Primer Fluorescent Intersimple Sequence Repeat Markers." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 21, no. 3 (December 2001): 372–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/mpev.2001.1016.

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7

Lancíková, Veronika, and Andrea Hricová. "Digital Absolute Gene Expression Analysis of Essential Starch-Related Genes in a Radiation Developed Amaranthus cruentus L. Variety in Comparison with Real-Time PCR." Plants 9, no. 8 (July 30, 2020): 966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9080966.

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We investigated the expression pattern of four major starch genes at different seed developmental stages in the radiation-bred amaranth variety “Pribina” (Amaranthus cruentus L.) and corresponding control genotype “Ficha” (Amaranthus cruentus L.). Two platforms were used and compared for the gene expression analysis of GBSSI, SSSI, SBE, and DBE amaranth genes, including a standard quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) technique and relatively novel droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay. In our conditions, both methods showed great accuracy and revealed higher expression of the investigated genes in the mutant variety than in the control genotype. Here we report for the first time, a ddPCR gene expression assay for the cultivated grain amaranth, as the most important group of the species in the genus Amaranthus.

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8

Kachiguma, Nathan Aliel, Weston Mwase, Moses Maliro, and Alex Damaliphetsa. "Chemical and Mineral Composition of Amaranth (Amaranthus L.) Species Collected From Central Malawi." Journal of Food Research 4, no. 4 (June 11, 2015): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v4n4p92.

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<p>Chemical analysis and mineral composition of twenty accessions of grain and leaf Amaranth (<em>Amaranthus</em> L.) collected from different agro-ecological zones of Central Malawi were conducted according to the standards of Association of Official Analytical Chemistry (AOAC). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means were separated using least significance difference (P ≤ 0.05) in Gen Stat version 15. The analyses for grain Amaranth showed that moisture content ranges from 10.69 to 12.22% while ash content varied from 4.4 to 8.7%. Elemental analyses in mg/100 grams on dry weight basis indicated that the grain had calcium (78.3 to 1004.6), iron (3.61 to 22.51), magnesium (44.31 to 97.38), potassium (267.8 to 473.6) and zinc (0.53 to 1.20). The mean differences for leaf chemical analyses were highly significant (p < 0.001) with crude protein ranging from 13.37 to 23.27%; ash (14.08 to 19.95%) and Vitamin C (30.3 to 117.79 mg/100 g) while the mean mineral leaf analyses in mg/100 grams ranged from 14.84 to 31.17 for iron, 1.03 to 3.46 for zinc, 1512 to 2381 for calcium, 1320 to 1677 for potassium and 383.4 to 513.9 for magnesium. Generally the accessions from mid altitude area of Lilongwe showed highest values for both grain and leaf mineral analyses while accessions from the high altitude showed lower values. The results of this study provide evidence that local <em>Amaranthus</em> genotypes have appreciable amount of nutrients, minerals and vitamins important to meet dietary requirements of rural and urban communities in Malawi.</p>

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9

Zula, Aemiro Tadesse, Dagim Alemayehu Ayele, and Woinshet Abera Egigayhu. "Proximate, Antinutritional, Microbial, and Sensory Acceptability of Bread Formulated from Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus)." International Journal of Food Science 2020 (November 1, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9429584.

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Background. Breads are made throughout the world. Bread can be prepared from cereal like wheat, maize, and rice. Nowadays, gluten intolerance, requirement of healthy, and nutritious products have increased and interests towards underutilized crops have also been increasing with the aim of improving global food security and to ease an adverse effect of climate changes. Amaranth is one of nutritionally balanced and naturally grown underutilized crops, but it is mainly considered weed in Africa including Ethiopia. Method. The aim of the study is to develop bread from wheat and Amaranthus and to evaluate proximate composition, antinutritional, microbial, and sensory acceptability of bread. The experiment contained 100% wheat as control and four blending proportions (90% wheat and 10% amaranth, 80% wheat and 20% amaranth, 70% wheat and 30% amaranth, and 60% wheat and 40% amaranth). A complete randomized design is used for proximate composition, antinutritional, and microbial data analysis whereas a randomized complete block design with three replications was applied for sensory acceptability. SAS for windows version 9 was used for data analysis. Result. The study revealed that moisture, protein, fat, fiber, and antinutritional content were increased as Amaranthus concentration is increased from 10% to 40%. However, carbohydrate, microbial load, and sensory acceptability were decreased. But the gross energy is constant. Conclusion. From the study, it can be concluded that beside the good nutritional profile of Amaranthus, it has antinutritional content which needs to limit the concentration of Amaranthus in blending with other grains during product development.

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10

Oseland, Eric, Mandy Bish, Christine Spinka, and Kevin Bradley. "Examination of commercially available bird feed for weed seed contaminants." Invasive Plant Science and Management 13, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/inp.2020.2.

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AbstractIn 2016 and 2017, 98 separate commercially available bird feed mixes were examined for the presence of weed seed. All weed seed contaminants were counted and identified by species. Amaranthus species were present in 94 of the 98 bags of bird feed. Amaranthus species present in bird feed mixes included waterhemp [Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer], redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson), smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus L.), and tumble pigweed (Amaranthus albus L.). Amaranthus palmeri was present in 27 of the 98 mixes. Seed of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), kochia [Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott], grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], wild buckwheat (Fallopia convolvulus L., syn: Polygonum convolvulus), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.), large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.], and Setaria species were also present in bird feed mixes. A greenhouse assay to determine Amaranthus species seed germinability and resistance to glyphosate revealed that approximately 19% of Amaranthus seed in bird feed mixes are readily germinable, and five mixes contained A. tuberculatus and A. palmeri seed that were resistant to glyphosate. Results from linear regression and t-test analysis indicate that when proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.), grain sorghum, and corn (Zea mays L.) were present in feed mixes, Amaranthus seed contamination was increased. The presence of proso millet and grain sorghum also increased contamination of grass weed species, while sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) increased A. artemisiifolia contamination and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) increased contamination of Bassia scoparia.

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More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Grain amaranths - Analysis"

1

Chan, Sze-ming Almen, and 陳詩明. "The characterization of amaranthus starch." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3122717X.

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2

陳堅峰 and Kin-fung Chan. "Phylogenetic relationships and genetic diversity detected by rapd and isozyme analysis of crop and weedy species of amaranthus." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29803846.

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3

Chan, Kin-fung. "Phylogenetic relationships and genetic diversity detected by rapd and isozyme analysis of crop and weedy species of amaranthus /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17665450.

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4

Lu, Bei. "Isolation, characterization, and expression analysis of genes encoding starch synthesizing enzymes from grain amaranth." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36828646.

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5

Lu, Bei, and 呂蓓. "Isolation, characterization, and expression analysis of genes encodingstarch synthesizing enzymes from grain amaranth." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36828646.

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6

Kong, Xiangli, and 孔祥礼. "Molecular structure and functional properties of amaranthus starch." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43224210.

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