Journal articles: 'Grain amaranths - Analysis'

1

Park, Young-Jun, and Tomotaro Nishikawa. "Rapid identification of Amaranthus caudatus and Amaranthus hypochondriacus by sequencing and PCR–RFLP analysis of two starch synthase genes." Genome 55, no. 8 (August 2012): 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g2012-050.

Full text

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to develop a PCR–RFLP method to identity the cultivated species of grain amaranth based on variations in the sequences of their starch synthase genes. We sequenced the SSSI and GBSSI loci in 126 accessions of cultivated grain amaranth collected from diverse locations around the world. We aligned the gene sequences and searched for restriction enzyme cleavage sites specific to each species for use in the PCR–RFLP analysis. Our analyses indicated that EcoRI would recognize the sequence 5′-GAATT/C-3′ in the SSSI gene from Amaranthus caudatus L., and TaqI would recognize the sequence 5′-T/CGA-3′ in the GBSSI gene from Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. The PCR products obtained using gene-specific primers were 423 bp (SSSI) and 627 or 635 bp (GBSSI) in length. These products were cut with different restriction enzymes resulting in species-specific RFLP patterns that could be used to distinguish among the cultivated grain amaranths. The results clearly showed that A. caudatus and A. hypochondriacus were easily differentiated at the species level using this method. Therefore, the PCR–RFLP method targeting amaranth starch synthase genes is simple and rapid, and it will be a useful tool for the identification of cultivated species of grain amaranth.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Thapa, Ranjita, and Matthew Blair. "Morphological Assessment of Cultivated and Wild Amaranth Species Diversity." Agronomy 8, no. 11 (November 21, 2018): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8110272.

Full text

Abstract:

Amaranthus L. is genus of C4 dicotyledonous herbaceous plants comprising approximately 70 species, with three subgenera, which contains both cultivated and wild types, where cultivated ones are used for food grains, leafy vegetables, potential forages and ornamentals. Grain amaranth are pseudocereals from three species domesticated in North and South America and are notable for containing high amount of protein and minerals and balanced amino acid in their small seeds. Genetic diversity analysis of amaranths is important for development of core set of germplasm with widely diverse population and effective utilization of plant genetic resources. In this study, we evaluated a germplasm collection of 260 amaranth accessions from United State Department of Agriculture (USDA) and 33 accessions from Seed Savers’ Exchange (SSE). We evaluated morphological traits like blade pigmentation, blade shape, petiole pigmentation, branching index, flower color, stem color, inflorescence density, inflorescence shape, terminal inflorescence attitude, plant height and yield characteristics across all 293 accessions. We compared clustering within the USDA and SSE collection and across both collections. Data analysis of morphological data showed significant difference of petiole pigmentation, stem color, blade pigmentation, blade shape and flower color across different clusters of accessions of USDA unlike among different clusters of SSE where we found significant difference of only blade pigmentation, blade shape and flower color. The relationship depicted by neighbor-joining dendogram using the morphological markers was consistent with some but not all of the differences observed between species. Some divisions were found between cultivated and weedy amaranths that was substantiated by morphological characteristics but no separation of South and Central American species was observed. Substantial phenotypic plasticity limits the use of morphological analysis for phylogenetic analysis but does show that important morphological traits such as inflorescence type and plant architecture can cross species boundaries. Similarly, color variants for leaves, flowers and seeds are not exclusive to one cluster in our study nor to one species and can be used widely for breeding any of the cultigens, but not to species identification. Our findings will help in germplasm conservation of grain amaranths and facilitate in this crop’s improvement. It will also help on developing effective breeding programs involving different plant characteristics and morphological traits of Amaranths.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Stetter, Markus G., Mireia Vidal-Villarejo, and Karl J. Schmid. "Parallel Seed Color Adaptation during Multiple Domestication Attempts of an Ancient New World Grain." Molecular Biology and Evolution 37, no. 5 (December 20, 2019): 1407–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz304.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Thousands of plants have been selected as crops; yet, only a few are fully domesticated. The lack of adaptation to agroecological environments of many crop plants with few characteristic domestication traits potentially has genetic causes. Here, we investigate the incomplete domestication of an ancient grain from the Americas, amaranth. Although three grain amaranth species have been cultivated as crop for millennia, all three lack key domestication traits. We sequenced 121 crop and wild individuals to investigate the genomic signature of repeated incomplete adaptation. Our analysis shows that grain amaranth has been domesticated three times from a single wild ancestor. One trait that has been selected during domestication in all three grain species is the seed color, which changed from dark seeds to white seeds. We were able to map the genetic control of the seed color adaptation to two genomic regions on chromosomes 3 and 9, employing three independent mapping populations. Within the locus on chromosome 9, we identify an MYB-like transcription factor gene, a known regulator for seed color variation in other plant species. We identify a soft selective sweep in this genomic region in one of the crop species but not in the other two species. The demographic analysis of wild and domesticated amaranths revealed a population bottleneck predating the domestication of grain amaranth. Our results indicate that a reduced level of ancestral genetic variation did not prevent the selection of traits with a simple genetic architecture but may have limited the adaptation of complex domestication traits.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Ayiecho, P. O., and S. K. Jain. "A Regression and Path Analysis of Yield Related Traits in Two Populations of Grain Amaranths." East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal 55, no. 3 (January 1990): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00128325.1990.11663581.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Park, Young-Jun, Kazuhiro Nemoto, Norihiko Tomooka, and Tomotaro Nishikawa. "Molecular characterization and expression analysis of a gene encoding an isoamylase-type starch debranching enzyme 3 (ISA3) in grain amaranths." Molecular Breeding 33, no. 4 (November 24, 2013): 793–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11032-013-9992-z.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Xu, Fangxiu, and Mei Sun. "Comparative Analysis of Phylogenetic Relationships of Grain Amaranths and Their Wild Relatives (Amaranthus; Amaranthaceae) Using Internal Transcribed Spacer, Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism, and Double-Primer Fluorescent Intersimple Sequence Repeat Markers." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 21, no. 3 (December 2001): 372–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/mpev.2001.1016.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Lancíková, Veronika, and Andrea Hricová. "Digital Absolute Gene Expression Analysis of Essential Starch-Related Genes in a Radiation Developed Amaranthus cruentus L. Variety in Comparison with Real-Time PCR." Plants 9, no. 8 (July 30, 2020): 966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9080966.

Full text

Abstract:

We investigated the expression pattern of four major starch genes at different seed developmental stages in the radiation-bred amaranth variety “Pribina” (Amaranthus cruentus L.) and corresponding control genotype “Ficha” (Amaranthus cruentus L.). Two platforms were used and compared for the gene expression analysis of GBSSI, SSSI, SBE, and DBE amaranth genes, including a standard quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) technique and relatively novel droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay. In our conditions, both methods showed great accuracy and revealed higher expression of the investigated genes in the mutant variety than in the control genotype. Here we report for the first time, a ddPCR gene expression assay for the cultivated grain amaranth, as the most important group of the species in the genus Amaranthus.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Kachiguma, Nathan Aliel, Weston Mwase, Moses Maliro, and Alex Damaliphetsa. "Chemical and Mineral Composition of Amaranth (Amaranthus L.) Species Collected From Central Malawi." Journal of Food Research 4, no. 4 (June 11, 2015): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v4n4p92.

Full text

Abstract:

Chemical analysis and mineral composition of twenty accessions of grain and leaf Amaranth (Amaranthus L.) collected from different agro-ecological zones of Central Malawi were conducted according to the standards of Association of Official Analytical Chemistry (AOAC). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means were separated using least significance difference (P ≤ 0.05) in Gen Stat version 15. The analyses for grain Amaranth showed that moisture content ranges from 10.69 to 12.22% while ash content varied from 4.4 to 8.7%. Elemental analyses in mg/100 grams on dry weight basis indicated that the grain had calcium (78.3 to 1004.6), iron (3.61 to 22.51), magnesium (44.31 to 97.38), potassium (267.8 to 473.6) and zinc (0.53 to 1.20). The mean differences for leaf chemical analyses were highly significant (p < 0.001) with crude protein ranging from 13.37 to 23.27%; ash (14.08 to 19.95%) and Vitamin C (30.3 to 117.79 mg/100 g) while the mean mineral leaf analyses in mg/100 grams ranged from 14.84 to 31.17 for iron, 1.03 to 3.46 for zinc, 1512 to 2381 for calcium, 1320 to 1677 for potassium and 383.4 to 513.9 for magnesium. Generally the accessions from mid altitude area of Lilongwe showed highest values for both grain and leaf mineral analyses while accessions from the high altitude showed lower values. The results of this study provide evidence that local Amaranthus genotypes have appreciable amount of nutrients, minerals and vitamins important to meet dietary requirements of rural and urban communities in Malawi.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Zula, Aemiro Tadesse, Dagim Alemayehu Ayele, and Woinshet Abera Egigayhu. "Proximate, Antinutritional, Microbial, and Sensory Acceptability of Bread Formulated from Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus)." International Journal of Food Science 2020 (November 1, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9429584.

Full text

Abstract:

Background. Breads are made throughout the world. Bread can be prepared from cereal like wheat, maize, and rice. Nowadays, gluten intolerance, requirement of healthy, and nutritious products have increased and interests towards underutilized crops have also been increasing with the aim of improving global food security and to ease an adverse effect of climate changes. Amaranth is one of nutritionally balanced and naturally grown underutilized crops, but it is mainly considered weed in Africa including Ethiopia. Method. The aim of the study is to develop bread from wheat and Amaranthus and to evaluate proximate composition, antinutritional, microbial, and sensory acceptability of bread. The experiment contained 100% wheat as control and four blending proportions (90% wheat and 10% amaranth, 80% wheat and 20% amaranth, 70% wheat and 30% amaranth, and 60% wheat and 40% amaranth). A complete randomized design is used for proximate composition, antinutritional, and microbial data analysis whereas a randomized complete block design with three replications was applied for sensory acceptability. SAS for windows version 9 was used for data analysis. Result. The study revealed that moisture, protein, fat, fiber, and antinutritional content were increased as Amaranthus concentration is increased from 10% to 40%. However, carbohydrate, microbial load, and sensory acceptability were decreased. But the gross energy is constant. Conclusion. From the study, it can be concluded that beside the good nutritional profile of Amaranthus, it has antinutritional content which needs to limit the concentration of Amaranthus in blending with other grains during product development.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Oseland, Eric, Mandy Bish, Christine Spinka, and Kevin Bradley. "Examination of commercially available bird feed for weed seed contaminants." Invasive Plant Science and Management 13, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/inp.2020.2.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractIn 2016 and 2017, 98 separate commercially available bird feed mixes were examined for the presence of weed seed. All weed seed contaminants were counted and identified by species. Amaranthus species were present in 94 of the 98 bags of bird feed. Amaranthus species present in bird feed mixes included waterhemp [Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer], redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson), smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus L.), and tumble pigweed (Amaranthus albus L.). Amaranthus palmeri was present in 27 of the 98 mixes. Seed of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), kochia [Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott], grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], wild buckwheat (Fallopia convolvulus L., syn: Polygonum convolvulus), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.), large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.], and Setaria species were also present in bird feed mixes. A greenhouse assay to determine Amaranthus species seed germinability and resistance to glyphosate revealed that approximately 19% of Amaranthus seed in bird feed mixes are readily germinable, and five mixes contained A. tuberculatus and A. palmeri seed that were resistant to glyphosate. Results from linear regression and t-test analysis indicate that when proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.), grain sorghum, and corn (Zea mays L.) were present in feed mixes, Amaranthus seed contamination was increased. The presence of proso millet and grain sorghum also increased contamination of grass weed species, while sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) increased A. artemisiifolia contamination and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) increased contamination of Bassia scoparia.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Myers, Robert L. "Identifying suitable regions for amaranth production using a geographic information systems approach." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 9, no. 3 (September 1994): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300005798.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractAmaranth is an alternative grain crop that shows significant promise in the U.S. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to analyze the most suitable regions for growing amaranth in Missouri. GIS software provides tools to manipulate and display geographically based information, in this case the factors affecting amaranth's suitability. Of several such factors considered, the ones used were soils, rainfall, sorghum production, disease potential, and labor availability. Soil, rainfall, and disease information were assumed to be direct factors in yield potential. Current sorghum production areas were considered likely areas for amaranth production, given the similarities between the crops. Labor availability also was assumed to affect adoption, since amaranth requires more labor than traditional grain crops. The analysis showed that central and southeastern Missouri would be the most favorable areas for amaranth production. Other suitable areas are along the Mississippi and Missouri river valleys and in western Missouri. This GIS approach can be modified to include additional factors and refinements, and could be used with other alternative crops or for other regions of the country.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Oduwaye, Olusegun A., Justina B. O. Porbeni, and Ibidun S. Adetiloye. "Genetic Variability and Associations Between Grain Yield and Related Traits in Amaranthus cruentus and Amaranthus hypochondriacus Grown at Two Locations." Journal of Horticultural Research 24, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/johr-2016-0025.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract For plant genetic improvement, it is paramount to determine genetic components for the selection of desirable traits. Eighteen Amaranthus cruentus and 11 Amaranthus hypochondriacus genotypes were evaluated at two locations in Nigeria differing in temperature/precipitation to determine the influence of environment on genetic gain. Genotype × environment was significant for all analysed morphological parameters and for grain yield, 1000 seed weight and no. of days to 50% flowering in A. cruentus. In A. hypochondriacus genotype × environment was significant for plant height, leaf length and width, leaf area, inflorescence length, 1000 seed weight and grain yield. Higher genotypic coefficient of variability, heritability estimates, and genetic advance was observed for the traits at Abeokuta (more wet) than Ibadan (more dry) conditions. Grain yield had positive association with the traits at the two locations except the number of leaves and inflorescence length. Inflorescence length was positively associated with grain yield at Abeokuta and negatively associated at Ibadan. Path analysis indicated simultaneous improvement of grain yield with petiole length and leaf length at Abeokuta but with petiole length and leaf area at Ibadan. In general, the locations had potential for genetic improvement of traits of amaranth grain; therefore, selection criteria for improving grain yield should be considered with respect to environment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

SOLÍS-FERNÁNDEZ, KAREN Z., ERICK A. AGUILERA-CAUICH, ROLANDO CIFUENTES-VELASQUEZ, HILDA FLORES-OLVERA, RUBÉN H. ANDUEZA-NOH, and IVONNE SÁNCHEZ-DEL PINO. "High morphological diversity of Amaranthus cruentus (Amaranthaceae) and its putative wild ancestor revealed by pistillate floral characterization in the proposed domestication center of origin." Phytotaxa 439, no. 3 (April 20, 2020): 217–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.439.3.4.

Full text

Abstract:

Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae) is a widespread genus that includes noxious weeds, economically important species for food, forage, medicinals and ornamentals. Three species of Amaranthus have been cultivated for their grain in the world, i.e. A. hypochondriacus, A. caudatus, and A. cruentus. It has been postulated that A. cruentus was domesticated from the probable wild progenitor A. hybridus, and that the domestication event occurred between southern Mexico and Guatemala, the region where the Mayan civilization flourished. Morphological variation in this grain amaranth and its putative wild progenitor has been poorly documented, even though this area is a possible center of domestication of A. cruentus. Samples of A. cruentus, A. hybridus, hybrids between these two species and aberrant morphotypes collected were studied morphologically using multivariate statistical methods on pistillate floral characters to (1) assess the diversity of grain amaranth A. cruentus and its postulated wild progenitor A. hybridus in the proposed domestication center of origin, (2) test the hypothesis that some hybrids and aberrant morphotypes found in the region can be morphologically differentiated from A. hybridus and A. cruentus based on statistical analyses, and (3) test and review the diagnostic characters traditionally used for assessing species circumscription. Our results showed high morphological diversity for these two species in the study region, indicating differentiation of both species, apparently based primarily on hybridization. Morphological variants on flower, bract, sepal, seed, and fruit characters were significant for confirming and circumscribing species.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Lancíková, Veronika, Marián Tomka, Jana Žiarovská, Ján Gažo, and Andrea Hricová. "Morphological Responses and Gene Expression of Grain Amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) Growing under Cd." Plants 9, no. 5 (April 30, 2020): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9050572.

Full text

Abstract:

Phytoremediation efficiency depends on the ability of plants to accumulate, translocate and resist high levels of metals without symptoms of toxicity. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of grain amaranth for remediation of soils contaminated with Cd. Three grain amaranth varieties, “Pribina” (A. cruentus), “Zobor” (A. hypochondriacus x A. hybridus) and Plainsman (A. hypochondriacus x A. hybridus) were tested under different level of Cd (0, 5, 10 and 15 mg/L) in a hydroponic experimental treatment. All could be classified as Cd excluders or Cd-hypertolerant varieties able to grow and accumulate significant amounts of Cd from the hydroponic solution, preferentially in the roots. Under the highest level of Cd exposure, qRT-PCR expression analysis of five stress-related genes was examined in above- and below-ground biomass. The results show that the Cd concentration significantly increased the mRNA level of chitinase 5 (Chit 5) in amaranth roots as the primary site of metal stress. The involvement of phytochelatin synthase (PCS1) in Cd detoxification is suggested. Based on our findings, we can conclude that variety “Pribina” is the most Cd-tolerant among three tested and can be expected to be used in the phytomanagement of Cd loaded soils as an effective phytostabiliser.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Ozimede, C. O., G. C. Obute, and B. L. Nyananyo. "Genetic Diversity on Amaranthus hybridus L., Amaranthus viridis L. and Amaranthus spinosus L. in parts of Rivers State, Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 23, no. 10 (November 21, 2019): 1881–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v23i10.18.

Full text

Abstract:

The Amaranth plants are annuals or short-lived perennials with over 103 species of flowering plants in the family Amaranthaceae, distributed nearly worldwide. Several amaranth species are useful as food crops and are grown both for their leaves and for their edible seeds, which are a nutritious pseudocereal (nongrass seeds used like cereal grains). This paper reports the genetic diversity of three species of Amaranthus (A. hybridus L., A. viridis L. and A. spinosus L.) in Rivers state of Nigeria. Result obtained from this research showed high rate of diversity. DNA characterization and sequencing of the species were done through plastid Ribulose-1,5biophosphate Carboxylase large chain (rbcL) genetic marker to determine the rate of genetic variation among members of this genus in our study area. The sequence figures were firstly compared on Basic Local Alignment Sequence Tool for validation. Phylogenetic and molecular evolutional analysis was conducted using MEGA version 7. The dendogram of the molecular phylogeny generated from MEGA 7 software shows elevated rate of variation among studied species.Keywords: Amaranthus, Genetic, Diversity, rbcl

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Park, Young-Jun, and Tomotaro Nishikawa. "Characterization and expression analysis of the starch synthase gene family in grain amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.)." Genes ^|^ Genetic Systems 87, no. 5 (2012): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1266/ggs.87.281.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

SHOWEMIMO, Francis, Miriam A. Soyombo, Julius O. Amira, and Justina B. O. Porbeni. "Traits selection criteria for genetic improvement of grain and leafy Amaranth (Amaranthus spp) using Principal Component Analysis." Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 99, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 170–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejar.2021.65946.1089.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Fan, Wei, Jia-Meng Xu, He-Qiang Lou, Chuan Xiao, Wei-Wei Chen, and Jian-Li Yang. "Physiological and Molecular Analysis of Aluminium-Induced Organic Acid Anion Secretion from Grain Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.) Roots." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 17, no. 5 (April 30, 2016): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17050608.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Park, Young-Jun, Tomotaro Nishikawa, Norihiko Tomooka, and Kazuhiro Nemoto. "Molecular cloning and expression analysis of a gene encoding soluble starch synthase I from grain amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.)." Molecular Breeding 30, no. 2 (December 28, 2011): 1065–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11032-011-9692-5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Urubkov, S. A., S. S. Khovanskaya, and S. O. Smirnov. "Study of the content of the main macronutrients in gluten-free crops and products of their processing." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 81, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2019-2-102-107.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to obtain data on the quantitative ratio of the main nutrients in amaranth grain, as well as products of its processing (blasted grain and flour Krupchatki) in comparison with the more common in Russia gluten-free grain products, such as buckwheat and rice flour, corn and buckwheat. The review of Russian and foreign articles showed quite wide ranges of the content of the main nutrients in amaranth grain. As a result of the study, data on the content of the main macronutrients, i.e. protein, fat, digestible and non-digestible carbohydrates and ash content were obtained. The obtained data showed that the protein content in amaranth grain exceeds the content of this nutrient in buckwheat, as well as rice and corn flour. The total content of lipids in the exploded amaranth grain was 6.41% for dry matter, and surpassed the rest of the studied products in this indicator. The analysis showed a relatively high content of carbohydrates in all the studied products. The amaranth grain carbohydrates are made up 63,25% dry solids, which is lower than in other samples, where the values of this indicator ranged from 65,6 to 80.3% solids, the amount of indigestible carbohydrates in the grain amaranth is almost 2 times higher than this value in other samples. The results obtained in this study can be used in studies of gluten-free crops and products of their processing in the development of specialized gluten-free grain mixtures using amaranth for children's nutrition.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Venkatesh, L., Niranjana Murthy, and S. D. Nehru. "Analysis of genetic diversity in grain amaranth (Amaranthusspp.)." Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding (The) 74, no. 4 (2014): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0975-6906.2014.00882.7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Petr, J., I. Michalík, H. Tlaskalová, I. Capouchová, O. Faměra, D. Urminská, L. Tučková, and H. Knoblochová. "Extention of the spectra of plant products for the diet in coeliac disease." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 21, No. 2 (November 18, 2011): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3478-cjfs.

Full text

Abstract:

The authors studied an extension of the sources of plant products for the diet in coeliac disease. This disease is induced by the components of glutenin proteins. In a collection of crops, they examined the contents of the total and protein nitrogen, the composition of protein fractions, the electrophoretic composition of reserve gluten and prolamine proteins, and the immunological determination of the gliadin amount using ELISA test. By immunological tests, gliadin content below 10 mg per 100 g of sample was found in the following species: amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus and A. cruentus) followed by quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), sorghum species – grain sorghum and sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor and S. saccharatum), millet (Panicum miliaceum), foxtail millet (Setaria italica ssp. maxima), broadrood (Digitaria sanguinalis) and buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum). These species can be considered as suitable for the diet in coeliac disease. Below-limit values were found in triticale (Triticosecale) and some oats varieties; this, however, will need some other tests. The analysed samples differred by the contents of crude protein and fraction structures of the protein complex. In pseudocereals amaranth, quinoa and buckwheat, the proportion of the soluble fractions of albumin and globulin was 50–65%. In grain sorghum, their proportion was 20.5%, in sweet sorghum 7.8%. In millet, foxtail millet, and broadrood, their proportion amounted to 12–13%. The proportion of prolamines was higher in sweet sorghum than in grain sorghum. Pseudocereals and millet contained 3–6% of prolamines, Italian millet 38.7%, and broadrood 23.1%, respectively. The two latter species had, however, lower contents of glutenins. In the other species studied, the contents of glutenins ranged from 12 to 22%. Electrophoretic analysis PAGE of prolamine proteins or SDS-PAGE ISTA, developed for gluten proteins, confirmed the results of immunological tests on the suitability of quinoa, grain sorghum, sweet sorghum, buckwheat, amaranth, broadrood, millet and foxtail millet for the diet in coeliac disease. These species did not contain prolamins or the content of -prolamins was negligible in the given samples. The tested species of wheat, triticale, and oats species were manifested as substandard or unhealthy for the diet.  

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Iskakova, G. K., B. A. Iztaev, G. O. Magomedov, and G. A. Umirzakova. "Rationale for the use of enriching additives from vegetable raw materials in the production of pasta." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 81, no. 3 (December 20, 2019): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2019-3-111-117.

Full text

Abstract:

Pasta in comparison with other flour products has a number of advantages: high digestibility of essential nutrients, long shelf life, low cost and availability for all segments of the population. The most rational way to create functional pasta is to introduce into the recipe natural ingredients of plant origin, non-traditional for this industry, which can increase nutritional value, improve organoleptic and physico-chemical indicators, create a group of new varieties, intensify production processes, improve quality in the processing of raw materials with low pasta properties, to ensure the saving of primary and secondary raw materials. For the experiments, wheat flour of the highest grade, obtained by grinding soft wheat of the Ertys 97 variety, and pasta flour (grain), obtained from durum wheat of the Kargala 69 variety, were used. According to the results of the analysis of organoleptic, physicochemical, biochemical parameters of grain and flour, it can be stated that the quality of grain and flour meets the requirements of the standards. Corn, chickpea, amaranth flour and carrot powder obtained by grinding whole grains of Budan 237 maize, Kamila chickpea, A. cruentus amaranth (obtained and grown locally in the Almaty region) and Abako carrots in a mechanical activator mill were used as additives. The results of studies of the chemical composition of polydisperse corn, chickpea, amaranth flour and carrot powder indicate high nutritional value, the possibility of using as biologically active additives for enriching pasta with proteins, minerals, organic acids, vitamins and natural dyes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Korres, Nicholas E., Jason K. Norsworthy, Andy Mauromoustakos, and Martin M. Williams. "Soybean density and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) establishment time: effects on weed biology, crop yield, and economic returns." Weed Science 68, no. 5 (June 2, 2020): 467–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2020.41.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractKnowledge of crop–weed interference effects on weed biology along with yield penalties can be used for the development of integrated weed management (IWM) tactics. Nevertheless, little is known about the beneficial effects of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] density, an important aspect of IWM, on late Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) establishment time. Two field experiments were conducted in 2014 and 2015 to investigate how various soybean densities and A. palmeri establishment timings in weeks after crop emergence (WAE) affect height, biomass, and seed production of the weed but also crop yield in drill-seeded soybean. Soybean density had a significant impact on dry weight and seed production of A. palmeri that established within the first 2 wk of crop emergence, but not for establishment timings of the weed 4 wk and later in relation to crop emergence. Differential performance of A. palmeri gender was observed, regarding greater biomass production of female than male plants under crop presence, and merits further investigation. Grain yield reductions were recorded at earlier A. palmeri establishment timings (i.e., 0 and 1 WAE) compared with 8 WAE establishment timing in 2014 and 2015. High soybean densities resulted in greater soybean yields compared with low soybean density, but no grain yield benefits were observed between medium and high soybean densities. Crop budget analysis revealed the benefits of moderate seeding rate (i.e., 250, 000 seeds ha−1) increases in comparison to lower (i.e., 125,000 seeds ha−1) or high (i.e., 400,000 seeds ha−1) on crop revenue, net income returns, and breakeven price. Earlier A. palmeri establishment timings (i.e., 0, 1, and 2 WAE) resulted in lower crop revenue and net income returns compared with later establishment timings of the weed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Chornei, Kristina, Dmytro Tymchak, and Svitlana Mykolenko. "PROSPECTS FOR IMPROVING THE RECIPE COMPOSITION OF GRAIN BARS AND MARKET ANALYSIS." Bulletin of the National Technical University «KhPI» Series: New solutions in modern technologies, no. 2(8) (June 15, 2021): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2413-4295.2021.02.18.

Full text

Abstract:

The market for gluten-free cereal bars as food concentrates and promising food products was studied from the focus of their dietary properties and a functional purpose. The range of grain bars made up 12% of the total food concentrates market in Ukraine and only about 1% of which was devoted to gluten-free grain bars. The main component of both domestic and foreign grain bars included the various products of grain processing. The range of grain bars of domestic and foreign production was analyzed in terms of their component composition and positioning on the market, and then classified into four groups: bars enriched with vitamins; bars with added flavorings and preservatives; bars with sugar substitutes popular among domestic producers; bars with the addition of palm oil, typical for export products. The grain bars of Ukrainian producers were characterized by addition of flax, chia, amaranth, pumpkin, hemp processed products into the composition of gluten bars, but in small quantities. The addition of dried fruits and berries, such as cherries, cranberries, apricots, and grapes, was also popular among domestic manufacturers. Overwhelming majority of the domestic producers used a mixture of four types of cereal flakes as the grain base, namely: oat, wheat, barley and, corn flakes. Taking into account a need in alternative plant resources for the wholesome bars, sorghum, amaranth, flax grain processed products are excellent for the development of gluten-free products. Effect of these non-traditional raw materials (pop sorghum, pop amaranth, flax meal, walnut cake, etc.) on the quality of the grain bars was studied. The use of these ingredients contributed to the enrichment of the grain bars with essential macro-and microelements, lysine, polyphenols, lignin, and vitamins. The developed gluten-free grain bars showed the high consumer qualities; therefore, they are capable to meet the growing demand for gluten-free food products among consumers, providing to widen the range of the grain bars on the Ukrainian market.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Akin-Idowu, Pamela, Michael Gbadegesin, Uterdzua Orkpeh, Dorcas Ibitoye, and Oyeronke Odunola. "Characterization of Grain Amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) Germplasm in South West Nigeria Using Morphological, Nutritional, and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Analysis." Resources 5, no. 1 (January 26, 2016): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources5010006.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Park, Young-Jun, Kazuhiro Nemoto, Tomotaro Nishikawa, Kenichi Matsushima, Mineo Minami, and Makoto Kawase. "Genetic diversity and expression analysis of granule bound starch synthase I gene in the new world grain amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.)." Journal of Cereal Science 53, no. 3 (May 2011): 298–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2011.01.011.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Akin Idowu, Eloho Pamela, Odunola, Adunni Oyeronke, Gbadegesin, Adedapo Michael, Oke, Abiola, Orkpeh, and Uterdzua. "Assessment of the protein quality of twenty nine grain amaranth (Amaranthus spp. L.) accessions using amino acid analysis and one-dimensional electrophoresis." African Journal of Biotechnology 12, no. 15 (April 10, 2013): 1802–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajb12.2971.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Idowu-Agida, Oladayo Oluwakemi, Opeyemi Emmanuel Adebiyi, and Joel Oyekunle Olaniyi. "Effects of Nitrogen Sources on Vegetative Growth of Grain Amaranth Accessions in Two Agro-Ecological Zones of Oyo State, Nigeria." Journal of Agricultural Studies 7, no. 2 (October 7, 2019): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v7i4.15588.

Full text

Abstract:

The experiment was conducted at National Horticultural Research Institute, Ibadan and Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Teaching and Research Farm Ogbomoso between August and December, 2015. Five accessions of grain amaranth were screened in the field at both locations. The trials was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used in assigning treatments in the field and replicated three times. Seven Nitrogen sources: poultry manure, cow dung, pacesetter organic fertilizer, brewery waste, providence organic fertilizer, Aleshinloye organic fertilizer N:P:K and control each applied at 120 kg N ha-1 imposed on the five selected accessions. Data were collected on growth (plant height, stem girth, number of branches and number of leaves) biweekly and subjected to analysis of variance. The results shows that, irrespective of the accessions, the two agro-ecological zones are suitable for high grain yield of grain amaranth but Ogbomosho; derived savannah zone gave better growth biomass than the transitional rainforest ecology of Ibadan in grain amaranth production. To improve the growth of amaranth, addition of fertilizer up to 120 kg N ha-1 is recommendedpreferably organic fertilizer like cow dung.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Patial, Madhu, Abhishek Chauhan, K. P. Singh, and Deepak Sharma. "Character Association and Path Coefficient Analysis in Grain Amaranth (Amaranthusspp.)." International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Biotechnology 7, no. 1 (2014): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/j.2230-732x.7.1.014.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Transue, D. K., D. J. Fairbanks, L. R. Robison, and W. R. Andersen. "Species Identification by RAPD Analysis of Grain Amaranth Genetic Resources." Crop Science 34, no. 5 (September 1994): 1385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1994.0011183x003400050044x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Giacomini, Darci A., Eric L. Patterson, Anita Küpper, Roland Beffa, Todd A. Gaines, and Patrick J. Tranel. "Coexpression Clusters and Allele-Specific Expression in Metabolism-Based Herbicide Resistance." Genome Biology and Evolution 12, no. 12 (September 11, 2020): 2267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaa191.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract In the last decade, Amaranthus tuberculatus has evolved resistance to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitors in multiple states across the midwestern United States. Two populations resistant to both mode-of-action groups, one from Nebraska (NEB) and one from Illinois (CHR), were studied using an RNA-seq approach on F2 mapping populations to identify the genes responsible for resistance. Using both an A. tuberculatus transcriptome assembly and a high-quality grain amaranth (A. hypochondriacus) genome as references, differential transcript and gene expression analyses were conducted to identify genes that were significantly over- or underexpressed in resistant plants. When these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mapped on the A. hypochondriacus genome, physical clustering of the DEGs was apparent along several of the 16 A. hypochondriacus scaffolds. Furthermore, single-nucleotide polymorphism calling to look for resistant-specific (R) variants, and subsequent mapping of these variants, also found similar patterns of clustering. Specifically, regions biased toward R alleles overlapped with the DEG clusters. Within one of these clusters, allele-specific expression of cytochrome P450 81E8 was observed for 2,4-D resistance in both the CHR and NEB populations, and phylogenetic analysis indicated a common evolutionary origin of this R allele in the two populations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Hofmanová, T., M. Hrušková, and I. Švec. "Evaluation of wheat/non-traditional flour composite." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 32, No. 3 (June 11, 2014): 288–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/311/2013-cjfs.

Full text

Abstract:

We examine the nutritional effect of selected non-traditional grain samples added into wheat flour. In a form of flour, amaranth, quinoa, lupine, 5 hemp types, 2 teff types and 2 chia types were used for wheat flour substitution on a low and high level. Samples with amaranth and lupine flour showed the best improvement in terms of protein content (in the range between 21.1 and 26.0%). The highest total dietary fibre was found in lupine composites (7.1 and 9.8%). Hemp samples contained a significant amount of minerals in comparison with the control wheat sample (from 1.16% to 1.98%). According to the above-mentioned differences, flour composites containing single tested grains were distinguished by principal component analysis. All examined plant materials could be recommended for wheat flour fortification in terms of nutritional improvement. The addition of non-traditional flours partially changed both the volume and shape of laboratory prepared bread correspondingly to the type and added amount.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Menges, R. M., P. R. Nixon, and A. J. Richardson. "Light Reflectance and Remote Sensing of Weeds in Agronomic and Horticultural Crops." Weed Science 33, no. 4 (July 1985): 569–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500082862.

Full text

Abstract:

Plant canopy reflectance over the 0.45- to 1.25-μm wavelength (WL) of weed species and crops was recorded with a field spectroradiometer to evaluate the possible use of remote sensing to distinguish weeds from crops. Weed and weed-crop species reflectance differences were generally greater at the 0.85 μm WL in the near-infrared spectral region than at the 0.55 μm WL in the visible region, indicating that color infrared (CIR) aerial photography may be useful to detect weed populations in crops. Canopy reflectance data were more directly related to photographic differences in weed-crop images than were single leaf or inflorescence reflectance data. Aerial photography at altitudes of 610 to 3050 m distinguished climbing milkweed (Sarcostemma cyancboides♯ SAZCY) in orange [Citrus sinensis(L.) Osbeck. ‘Valencia’) trees; ragweed parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorusL. ♯ PTNHY) in carrot (Daucus carotaL., var.sativa‘Long Imperator’); johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers. ♯ SORHA) in cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘CP 3774’) and in sorghum (Sorghum bicolorL. Moench. ‘Oro’); London rocket (Sisymbrium irioL. ♯ SSYIR) in cabbage; and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeriS. Wats. ♯ AMAPA) in cotton. Johnsongrass was also detectable with CIR film in maturing grain sorghum from 18 290 m. Detection of weed species in crops was aided by differential stages of inflorescence and senescence, and by the chlorophyll content, color, area, intercellular space, and surface characteristics of the leaves. Discrete plant community areas were determined by computer-based image analyses from a 1:8000-scale positive transparency with the efficiency of 82, 81, 68, and 100% for Palmer amaranth, johnsongrass, sorghum, and cotton, respectively. The computer analyses should permit discrete aerial surveys of weed-crop communities that are necessary for integrated crop management systems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Manyelo, Tlou Grace, Nthabiseng Amenda Sebola, Zahra Mohammed Hassan, and Monnye Mabelebele. "Characterization of the Phenolic Compounds in Different Plant Parts of Amaranthus cruentus Grown under Cultivated Conditions." Molecules 25, no. 18 (September 18, 2020): 4273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184273.

Full text

Abstract:

Phenolic compounds that are present in amaranth crops have gained a lot of interest from researchers due to their health benefits potential. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate phenolic compounds present in different plant parts of Amaranthuscruentus using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Moreover, data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance of the statistical analysis software, whereas commercial statistical package version 4.02 was used for principal component analysis. A total of 21 phenolic compounds were detected and eight were not identified. Caffeoylsaccharic acid isomer, coumaoryl saccharic acid, tryptophan, feruloyl-d-saccharic acid isomer a, b, and c, caffeoyl isocitrate, quercetin 3-O-rhamnosyl-rhamnosyl-glucoside, feruloyl isocitrate, hyperoside, kaempferol rutinoside, and alkaloid compounds were mostly detected in tender and mature leaves. Generally, rutin content was higher (p < 0.05) in most vegetative parts of the amaranth plant, thus, late maturity leaves, tender leaves, and mature leaves, respectively. Lower quantities of rutin were observed in tender grains, flowers, and mature grains. It can be concluded that amaranth contains phenolic compounds, predominantly in the vegetative parts, which makes it to be a promising source of phenolic compounds beneficial to human health.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Calzetta Resio, Andrea N., Roberto J. Aguerre, and Constantino Suarez. "Analysis of simultaneous water absorption and water–starch reaction during soaking of amaranth grain." Journal of Food Engineering 68, no. 2 (May 2005): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2004.05.043.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Volkova, A. V., A. V. Kazarina, O. N. Antimonova, Yu Yu Nikonorova, and E. A. Atakova. "Use of by-products of millet, amaranth and sorghum grains in bakery production." BIO Web of Conferences 17 (2020): 00047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20201700047.

Full text

Abstract:

The use of additional gluten-free grain raw materials in the form of flour or secondary raw materials of cereal industry in the recipes of bakery products allows regulating the biotechnological processes of dough maturing and proofing, obtaining a finished product with new functional properties and high nutritional value. The purpose of the research is to justify experimentally the use of processed products of amaranth grain and sorghum for the production of bread of high quality and functionality. The methodological basis of the study is presented by a systematic analysis of the technology for the production of bakery products enriched with promising phyto-fortifiers. In accordance with the chosen methodology, the chemical composition is analyzed and the positive effect of the use of flour from millet grain, sorghum and amaranth seeds in the mixture with premium wheat flour on the quality of bread is experimentally justified. It was found that the introduction of these types of additional raw materials had a positive effect on the activation of baking yeast and the maturation of dough. In the production of bread from wheat flour of the highest grade, it is optimal to use these phyto-fortifiers in the amount of 3% by weight of the composite mixture.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Pathan, Safiullah, Frieda Eivazi, Babu Valliyodan, Kamalendu Paul, Grato Ndunguru, and Kerry Clark. "Nutritional Composition of the Green Leaves of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)." Journal of Food Research 8, no. 6 (October 16, 2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v8n6p55.

Full text

Abstract:

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) grain is often eaten worldwide as a healthy food, but consuming nutrient-rich quinoa leaves as a leafy green vegetable is uncommon. This study evaluated the potentiality of leafy green quinoa as a major source of protein, amino acids, and minerals in the human diet. Also, the study compared the nutrient content of quinoa leaves with those of amaranth and spinach leaves. The proximate analysis of quinoa dry leaves showed a higher amount (g/100 g dry weight) of protein (37.05) than amaranth (27.45) and spinach (30.00 g). Furthermore, a lower amount of carbohydrate (34.03) was found in quinoa leaves compared to amaranth (47.90) and spinach (43.78 g). A higher amount of essential amino acids was found in quinoa leaves relative to those of amaranth and spinach. The highest amounts (mg/100 g dry weight) of minerals in quinoa dry leaves were copper (1.12), manganese (26.49), and potassium (8769.00 mg), followed by moderate amounts of calcium (1535.00), phosphorus (405.62), sodium (15.12), and zinc (6.79 mg). Our findings suggest that quinoa leaves can be consumed as a green vegetable with an excellent source of nutrients. Therefore, we endorse the inclusion of quinoa in the leafy green vegetable group.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Pagi, Nalin, Nitin Prajapati, Karen Pachchigar, Darshan Dharajiya, S. D. Solanki, Nishit Soni, and Pranay Patel. "GGE biplot analysis for yield performance of grain Amaranth genotypes across different environments in western India." Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences 5, no. 3 (June 30, 2017): 368–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18006/2017.5(3).368.376.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Makdoud, Sarah, and Kurt A. Rosentrater. "Development and Testing of Gluten-Free Pasta Based on Rice, Quinoa and Amaranth Flours." Journal of Food Research 6, no. 4 (June 25, 2017): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v6n4p91.

Full text

Abstract:

The goal of this study was to make high quality gluten-free pasta using amaranth, quinoa and rice flours, water and eggs using extrusion processing, and to compare these with gluten-free pasta already commercialized. The difficulty was to reproduce the texture provided by the gluten network without using gluten. To do that, an experimental design was created in order to make samples with different quantities of each grain, egg whites and water. Samples were manufactured and various tests (e.g., color analysis, water activity, cooking loss, texture, etc.) were carried out in order to find the best formulation, namely the formulation which was closest to Barilla or Andean dream gluten-free commercial pasta. With Rcommander software, results were analyzed and it was determined that the best pasta formulation was 10% amaranth flour, 40% quinoa flour, and 50% rice flour, with 18% eggs whites and 39% water. This optimal formulation was manufactured and subjected to sensory analysis with other commercial samples (Barilla, Andean Dream). Statistical analyses were conducted and it was shown that, even though this formulation did not quite achieve Barilla or Andean Dream pastas quality, it approached closely in some parameters. Indeed, 80% of consumers did not refuse to eat this pasta again, and with addition of tomato sauce, no differences were seen between the spaghettis. However, individual sample analysis did indicate that consumers did not appreciate the formulation’s sticky texture, thus this parameter would have to be reworked to achieve higher quality.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Tretiakova, S., V. Voitovska, Y. Yevchuk, and L. Kononenko. "Comparative evaluation of whole grains flour chemical composition of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and chia (Salvia hispanica)." Agrobìologìâ, no. 2(161) (November 24, 2020): 168–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2020-161-2-168-177.

Full text

Abstract:

The article highlights a complex of studies and a comparative assessment of flour of various varieties and hybrids of chia and sorghum. It was found that, in terms of their chemical composition, these crops are advisable to use as raw materials for the production of gluten free products. To live a full life, people with celiac disease must constantly consume gluten-free foods. Rice, buckwheat, millet, corn are considered safe, and amaranth, quinoa, sago, Setaria italica, sorghum are also less common in Ukraine. To obtain high-quality gluten-free products, it is important to choose the right raw materials and their ratio in chemical composition. Therefore, it is advisable to study and compare the chemical composition of sorghum and chia flour. The aim of the research was to study and compare the chemical composition of whole grain sorghum flour versus chia for use in the food industry as a source of gluten-free nutrition. The experimental part of the work was carried out during 2017–2019 in the hybrids of grain sorghum of Ukrainian (Lan 59), French (Targga) and American (Prime) selection and Spanish sage (chia) (Salvia hispanica) varieties: Salba, Tzotzol, Iztac. Whole grain sorghum and chia flours were obtained from their grains and various chemical constituents were determined. Comparative analysis of the chemical composition of sorghum and chia flour allows us to note that, on average, the protein content in sorghum was in the range from 9.53 to 10.6 g, in chia varieties from 14.98 to 16.52 g, which is on average five, 8 g more. The data on the determination of fats show that in the hybrid of sorghum of Ukrainian selection, this indicator was 2.8 g, French 1.24 g, and American – 3.3 g, as for chia, this indicator is much higher and varies by varieties from 30, 12 to 30.71 g. Starch is the main component of flour and in sorghum; its mass fraction is more in the Prime hybrid 63.7 g, Lan 59 – 63.1 g and the smallest amount in Targga – 62.7 g. It has been determined that grain sorghum and chia flour has a high content of B vitamins, which act as coenzymes of a number of metabolic processes. In addition to the vitamins listed above, sorghum flour contains vitamins B9, B5, B6 as well. Chia varieties have high levels of micro- and microelements. Key words: flour, vitamins, microelements, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, celiac disease, sorghum, chia.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Tang, Yujia, Yirong Xiao, Zizhong Tang, Weiqiong Jin, Yinsheng Wang, Hui Chen, Huipeng Yao, Zhi Shan, Tongliang Bu, and Xiaoli Wang. "Extraction of polysaccharides from Amaranthus hybridus L. by hot water and analysis of their antioxidant activity." PeerJ 7 (June 13, 2019): e7149. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7149.

Full text

Abstract:

Background Amaranthus hybridus L. is an annual herb that belongs to the Amaranthceae family, a type of multi-purpose grain, vegetable and feed crop that has received considerable attention due to its great economic value. However, the composition of polysaccharides from A. hybridus has rarely been previously reported. Methods In this study, the aboveground part of A. hybridus was used as material and polysaccharides were isolated by the hot water extraction method. Two acidic polysaccharides were isolated and purified by the Sevage method and diethylaminoethyl cellulose-32 column chromatography. Results Two acidic polysaccharides were obtained from A. hybridus: AHP-H-1 and AHP-H-2. There were significant differences between the monosaccharide content from each sample according to gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. AHP-H-2 had higher antioxidant activity in vitro than AHP-H-1. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging rate of two mg/mL AHP-H-2 was 80%, its hydroxyl radical scavenging rate was approximately 48.5%, its superoxide anion radical scavenging rate was 85.3% and its reduction ability of Fe3+ was approximately 0.92. The total antioxidant capacity of each milligram of AHP-H-2 was 6.5, which was higher than ascorbic acid. Conclusion The results of the study promote the effective use of A. hybridus and provide a theoretical basis for its development.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Tranel, Patrick J., Chenxi Wu, and Ahmed Sadeque. "Target-Site Resistances to ALS and PPO Inhibitors Are Linked in Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus)." Weed Science 65, no. 1 (December 13, 2016): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-16-00090.1.

Full text

Abstract:

It is generally expected that, in the case of multiple herbicide resistance, different resistance mechanisms within a weed will follow Mendel’s law of independent assortment. Research was conducted to investigate anecdotal observations suggesting that target site–based resistances to inhibitors of acetolactate synthase (ALS) and protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) did not follow independent assortment in common waterhemp. Cosegregation of the two resistances was observed in backcross lines (population sensitive to both herbicides as recurrent parent). Specifically, whereas 52% of backcross plants were resistant to a PPO inhibitor, this percentage increased to 92% when the backcross plants were preselected for resistance to an ALS inhibitor. Molecular marker analysis confirmed that the corresponding genes (ALSandPPX2) were genetically linked. When data from all plants analyzed were pooled, the genetic distance between the two genes was calculated to be 7.5 cM. The two genes were found to be about 195 kb apart in the recently published grain amaranth genome, explaining the observed genetic linkage. There is likely enough recombination that occurs between the linked genes to prevent the linkage from having significant implications in terms of resistance evolution. Nevertheless, documentation of the happenstance linkage between target-site genes for resistance to ALS and PPO inhibitors in waterhemp is a reminder that one should not assume distinct resistance mechanism will independently assort.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Teasdale, John R., Steven B. Mirsky, and Michel A. Cavigelli. "Weed species and traits associated with organic grain crop rotations in the mid-Atlantic region." Weed Science 67, no. 05 (August 5, 2019): 595–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2019.38.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractOrganic cropping systems are characterized by soil-disturbance events that can be diversified over years through crop rotations and within seasons by varying planting dates. The Farming Systems Project at Beltsville, MD, USA, is a long-term experiment that includes three organic rotations, corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], corn–soybean–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and corn–soybean–wheat–alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Analysis of weed presence and cover over the first 18 yr of this experiment revealed that the tall, erect annual broadleaf weeds smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus L.), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.), horseweed (Erigeron canadensis L.), jimsonweed (Datura stramonium L.), and/or velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.) were most prominent in corn and soybean. Generally, these species exhibited traits adapted to the disturbance regimes, nutrient availability, crop environment and duration, and local meteorological conditions associated with the summer annual corn and soybean crops. Abundance of A. hybridus, D. stramonium, and A. theophrasti were controlled primarily by rotation diversity, whereby presence and cover of these species were highest in the short corn–soybean rotation and lowest in the longer rotations that had more diverse seasonal soil-disturbance regimes. Early-season temperature was the primary factor controlling C. album presence and cover, which were higher at lower temperatures associated with earlier planting dates. Higher early-season precipitation was the primary factor associated with higher presence of annual grass species. The relative abundance of species in organic corn and soybean was determined primarily by the diversity of crops and disturbance operations in rotation, the timing of spring tillage and planting, and annual meteorological conditions driving emergence periodicity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Gresta, Fabio, Giorgia Meineri, Marianna Oteri, Carmelo Santonoceto, Vittorio Lo Presti, Annalisa Costale, and Biagina Chiofalo. "Productive and Qualitative Traits of Amaranthus Cruentus L.: An Unconventional Healthy Ingredient in Animal Feed." Animals 10, no. 8 (August 14, 2020): 1428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10081428.

Full text

Abstract:

Agronomic traits, oil content, fatty acid composition, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic content were studied on eight A. cruentus accessions cultivated in Southern Italy. A one-way ANOVA model was performed to compare accessions and the Principal Components Analysis was applied to identify patterns in our dataset and highlight similarities and differences. A. cruentus showed valuable seed yield (0.27 kg/m2, on average) comparable to the main tradition cereals used for animal feeding. Seed-oil composition showed significant differences among the accessions. Data showed a higher lipid content than most cereal grains (from 5.6 to 7.3%). Approximately 60% of fatty acids were unsaturated; linoleic fatty acid ranged from 19 to 34%, oleic acid from 29 to 36%, and alfa-linolenic fatty acid from 0.3 to 0.5%, respectively. The saturated/unsaturated fatty acid ratio ranged from 0.5 to 0.8, the hypocholesterolemic:hypercholesterolaemic ratio from 1.7 to 2.7, the Atherogenic Index from 0.38 to 0.66, the Thrombogenic Index from 0.85 to 1.48, the total phenolic content from 0.14 to 0.36 mg/g seeds, and the antioxidant activity (DPPH•) from 0.30 to 0.50. The studied seed-oil composition evidenced A. cruentus as a healthy ingredient for animal feed and consequently, as a possible substitute for traditional cereals. Accessions from Mexico and Arizona emerged for their high qualitative traits.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Rew, L. J., R. W. Medd, R. Van de Ven, J. J. Gavin, G. R. Robinson, M. Tuitee, J. Barnes, and S. Walker. "Weed species richness, density and relative abundance on farms in the subtropical grain region of Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 6 (2005): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03273.

Full text

Abstract:

Weed management is one of the most important economic and agronomic issues facing farmers in Australia’s grain regions. Weed species occurrence and abundance was monitored between 1997 and 2000 on 46 paddocks (sites) across 18 commercial farms located in the Northern Grain Region. The sites generally fell within 4 disjunct regions, from south to north: Liverpool Plains, Moree, Goondiwindi and Kingaroy. While high species richness was found (139 species or species groups), only 8 species occurred in all 4 regions and many (56 species) only occurred at 1 site or region. No species were observed at every site but 7 species (Sonchus spp., Avena spp., Conyza spp., Echinochloa spp., Convolvulus erubescens, Phalaris spp. and Lactuca serriola) were recorded on more than 70% of sites. The average number of species observed within crops after treatment and before harvest was less than 13. Species richness tended to be higher in winter pulse crops, cotton and in fallows, but overall was similar at the different sampling seasons (summer v. winter). Separate species assemblages associated with the Goondiwindi and Kingaroy regions were identified by correspondence analysis but these appeared to form no logical functional group. The species richness and density was generally low, demonstrating that farmers are managing weed populations effectively in both summer and winter cropping phases. Despite the apparent adoption of conservation tillage, an increase in opportunity cropping and the diversity of crops grown (13) there was no obvious effect of management practices on weed species richness or relative abundance. Avena spp. and Sonchus spp. were 2 of the most dominant weeds, particularly in central and southern latitudes of the region; Amaranthus spp. and Raphanus raphanistrum were the most abundant species in the northern part of the region. The ubiquity of these and other species shows that continued vigilance is required to suppress weeds as a management issue.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Santos, A. M. V., A. S. Nascimento, J. S. Santos, S. M. P. C. Silva, C. I. S. Lucas, and C. A. L. Carvalho. "Pollen spectrum of the honey of Apis mellifera L. collected in the period of honey production." Scientific Electronic Archives 12, no. 6 (December 2, 2019): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36560/1262019893.

Full text

Abstract:

Knowledge of the flora that bees visit is important for characterization of their products and conservation of flora and fauna. Thus, this study identified the flora used by Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) during the honey production period through the pollen spectrum. Honey samples were collected at apiaries in the municipality of Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil. International methods for samples preparation were used. ETOH was use for honey dilution and subsequently subjected to acidic treatment by the standard method of acetolysis. The pollen content resulting from the analysis was examined under an optical microscope, with separation and counting of pollen grains. Pollen types were identified by consultation and comparison to reference pollen collections and specialized literature. Twenty-seven pollen types distributed among 19 botanical families were identified in the sample set, and Fabaceae, Rubiaceae, Asteraceae and Sapindaceae were the families with a greater number of pollen types. The most frequent pollen types were Mimosa tenuiflora, Vernonia condensata, Bidens, Hyptis, Amaranthus spinosus, Schefflera morototoni and Serjania pernambucensis, all with relative frequency in samples equal to or greater than 70%. The honey evaluated showed a diverse pollen spectrum, evidencing multifloral characteristic.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Zabolotets, A. A., V. V. Litvyak, and A. I. Ermakov. "METHOD FOR TARGETED CHANGE IN PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF NATIVE STARCHES BY THE METHOD OF COMBINATOR." Food Industry: Science and Technology 14, no. 1(51) (March 11, 2020): 16–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47612/2073-4794-2021-14-1(51)-16-30.

Full text

Abstract:

A detailed granulometric analysis of native starches of various botanical origin was carried out: sorghum with a granule size of 3,5–21,7 μm and an average size of 11,0 μm, wheat with a granule size of 2,8–30,7 μm and an average size of 12,4 μm, rice with a granule size of 2,7–7,9 μm and an average size of 5,3 μm, triticale with a granule size of 4,0–30,7 μm and an average size of 13,2 μm, rye with a granule size of 4,9–42,8 μm and an average size of 21,2 μm, pea with a granule size of 6,1–32,3 μm and an average size of 20,4 μm, chickpea with a granule size of 6,0–25,6 μm and an average size of 14,8 μm, amaranth with a granule size of 0,5–1,5 μm and an average size of 1,1 μm, barley with a granule size of 3,0–21,4 μm and an average size of 10,9 μm, tapioca with a granule size of 2,8–31,2 μm and an average size of 10,6 μm, oat with a granule size of 3,96–14,91 μm and an average size of 7,39 μm, potato with a granule size of 7,7–60,0 μm and an average size of 21,7 μm, corn with a grain size of 3,6–19,2 μm and an average size of 9,8 μm, corn high amylose with a granule size of 3,3–11,65 μm and an average size of 7,11 μm, corn high amylopectin with a granule size of 4,26–18,26 μm and an average size of 9,94 μm, wheat from the «Shortandinskaya 95» variety With a granule size of 1,74–20,48 μm and an average size of 7,05 μm, wheat from the «Astana» variety with a granule size of 2,52–26,74 μm and an average size of 8,30 μm, wheat from the «Akmola-2» variety with a granule size of 2,43–26,22 μm and an average size of 8,11 μm. Based on the granulometric analysis of native starch, an innovative, highly effective, economical and environmentally friendly method of purposefully changing the physicochemical properties of native starches of various botanical origin was developed using the combinatorial method.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Ghosal, Kavita, and Swati Gupta-Bhattacharya. "Current glimpse of airborne allergenic pollen in Indian subcontinent." Acta Agrobotanica 68, no. 4 (2015): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2015.034.

Full text

Abstract:

Respiratory allergic diseases such as bronchial asthma, rhinitis, urticaria, atopic dermatitis have been steadily increasing all over the world, including India. Owing to its alarming trend, several aerobiological surveys have been undertaken in different parts of India to delineate the variety of pollen and spore load. In this review, we have reported the current state of aerobiological knowladge in India with particular reference to allergenic airborn pollen occurence in 2001–2015. Pollen have been found to contribute a significant proportion in the air and caused allergy symptoms in the local inhabitants. Aerobiological records, a questionnaire survey and hospitalization records have been employed for the analysis. Holoptelea integrifolia, Amaranthus spinosus in northern region, Sorghum vulgare, Pennisetum, Gynandropsis gynandra, Parthenium hysterophorus, Dolichandrone platycalyx in southern regions, and Parthenium hysterophorus from the western region; Cynodon dactylon, Cenchrus ciliaris in the central area; Acacia auriculiformis, Cleome gynandra, Catharanthus roseus, Phoenix sylvestris, Areca catechu, and Lantana camara in the eastern regions as potential aeroallergens in India. The statistical approach confirmed the correlation between hospitalization rate associated with allergy-related health troubles and the prevalent allergenic pollen in the air. The Poaceae group has been found to be dominant throughout India. Immuno-biochemical studies identified various protein with allergenic potential found in the pollen recorded. Epitope identification and homology of the major allergenic protein Cat r1 of Catharanthus sp and Par j 1 of Parietaria judaica have been found. Identification of allergenic pollen grains and the modern approach concerning cross-reactivity and epitope revelation of dominant airborne pollen have important clinical implications for the prevention, diagnosis and treatments of allergic diseases in India.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Gonçalves-Dias, José, and Markus G. Stetter. "PopAmaranth: a population genetic genome browser for grain amaranths and their wild relatives." G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics 11, no. 7 (April 2, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/g3journal/jkab103.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The combination of genomic, physiological, and population genetic research has accelerated the understanding and improvement of numerous crops. For nonmodel crops, the lack of interdisciplinary research hinders their improvement. Grain amaranth is an ancient nutritious pseudocereal that has been domesticated three times in different regions of the Americas. We present and employ PopAmaranth, a population genetic genome browser, which provides an accessible representation of the genetic variation of the three-grain amaranth species (Amaranthus hypochondriacus, Amaranthus cruentus, and Amaranthus caudatus) and two wild relatives (Amaranthus hybridus and Amaranthus quitensis) along the A. hypochondriacus reference sequence. We performed population-scale diversity and selection analysis from whole-genome sequencing data of 88 curated genetically and taxonomically unambiguously classified accessions. We employ the platform to show that genetic diversity in the water stress-related MIF1 gene declined during amaranth domestication and provide evidence for convergent saponin reduction between amaranth and quinoa. PopAmaranth is available through amaranthGDB at amaranthgdb.org/popamaranth.html

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Grain amaranths - Analysis'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles