Relevant bibliographies by topics / Grain characteristics

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Grain characteristics'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Grain characteristics"

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Kumano, Tomoji, and Yoshiyuki Ushigami. "Grain Boundary Characteristics of Isolated Grains in Conventional Grain Oriented Silicon Steel." ISIJ International 47, no. 6 (2007): 890–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.47.890.

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Caul, M. D., and V. Randle. "Grain-Boundary Characteristics in Austenitic Steel." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 54 (August 11, 1996): 344–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100164180.

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Grain boundaries are an active area of research interest due to their effect on material property and structure relationships. In order to discuss material properties with regard to grain boundaries it is necessary to know the boundary type. The optimum technique for performing this task is Electron Backscatter Diflfraction (EBSD) in concert with the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). By collecting texture measurements in the form of individual orientations from grains it is possible to obtain misorientation measurements from grain boundaries. These measurements are three of the five degrees of freedom necessary to geometrically describe a grain boundary. The other two can be obtained by a serial sectioning technique.Grain boundaries in austenitic steel specimens, isothermally aged at either 700°C or 800°C, have been evaluated with the aim of relating boundary geometry to Cr2N precipitate formation. Samples were analysed using SEM and EBSD in order to obtain orientation measurements of individual grains to misorientations at grain boundaries and to Cr2N precipitates. These precipitates are detrimental to room temperature properties of high nitrogen stainless steels, so a reduction in their formation at grain boundaries would be advantageous. The steel is therefore an ideal candidate material for relating boundaries to material properties. The 700°C isothermally aged sample induces precipitate formation at grain boundaries whereas precipitation by cellular decomposition of austenite occurs in the 800 CC sample. The 700°C sample was used to categorise boundary types using the CSL model and relate this to Cr2N formation. The 800°C sample was used to examine the effect of aging temperature on boundary inclination. Therefore all five degrees of freedom in grain boundary geometry were obtained.
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Yan, Wen Duan, Gao Sheng Fu, Xiu Min Zhou, and Dong Dong Chen. "Grain Characteristics of 1235 Aluminum Alloy during Rolling." Key Engineering Materials 846 (June 2020): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.846.77.

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Grain characteristics of rolled 1235 aluminum alloy were studied by EBSD. The effects of hot rolling, cold rolling and rolling deformation on grain boundaries and grain size of the metal were studied as well. The content of high-angle boundaries was low by 16.48 % in 50 % hot-rolled 1235 aluminum alloy. The complete dynamic recrystallization occurred, and grains were coarse. During 90 % hot rolling, the low-angle boundaries turned into high-angle boundaries constantly. The content of high-angle boundaries was higher by 40.16 %. Coarse grains broke into fine grains, and grew into medium grains. In the 90 % cold-rolled alloy, the trace shape of high-angle boundary was irregular. The lattice distortion was large, providing the energy needed in recrystallization during recrystallization annealing.
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Cho, Jae Hyung. "Effect of Grain Boundary Characteristics on Lattice Orientations." Advanced Materials Research 26-28 (October 2007): 1003–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.26-28.1003.

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Grain boundary characteristics are defined by five parameter, grain boundary plane normal and misorientation angle/axis between two adjacent grains. The influence of the grain boundary character distribution on lattice evolution during deformation was investigated using three-dimensional crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM). Various combinations of grain boundaries were modeled systematically. In analyzing the numerical microstructural characterization obtained by the simulation, orientation average scheme and correlation parameters between misorientation and its special distribution are used. Inter- and intra-grain structures were investigated using the spatial distribution of lattice orientation. Main emphasis was placed on misorientation distributions around grain boundaries, where grain interaction mainly occurred.
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Kumano, Tomoji, Tsutomu Haratani, and Yoshiyuki Ushigami. "Grain Boundary Characteristics in Grain Oriented Silicon Steel." ISIJ International 44, no. 11 (2004): 1888–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.44.1888.

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Vaishnavi, V. "Rice Grain Quality Detection." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 10, 2021): 262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.34867.

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The quality of grain is of great importance for human beings as it directly impacts human health. Hence there is a great need to measure the quality of grain and identifying non-quality elements. Analysing the grain samples manually is a more time-consuming and complicated process, and having more chances of errors with the subjectivity of human perception. To achieve uniform standard quality and precision, machine vision-based techniques are evolved. Rice quality is nothing but a combination of physical and chemical characteristics. So, to get the physical characteristics of the rice grains, image processing techniques are applied. Grain size and shape are some physical characteristics. The obtained all physical features grades the rice grains using canny edge detection.
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Yan, Shuo Qing, Qi Fan Li, Li Dong, and Ze Kun Feng. "The DC-Bias-Superposition Characteristics of Low Sinter Temperature NiCuZn Ferrite." Advanced Materials Research 668 (March 2013): 719–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.668.719.

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The DC-bias superposition characteristics of NiCuZn ferrite with different amount of Bi2O3 have been investigated. The microstructure depends much on the amount of Bi2O3. The DC-bias-superposition characteristics have great relationship with the microstructure. The permeability of materials composed of tiny grains decreases more slowly with the increase of DC-bias superposition due to the absence of the domain walls in the grain. The nonmagnetic phase in the grain boundary can reduce the actual DC-bias superposition in the grains when the sample was subject to DC-bias superposition. In short, a microstructure with relatively small average grain size and thick nonmagnetic phase in the grain boundary, which is favorable for obtaining better DC-bias superposition characteristics.
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GARROTE, GRACIELA L., ANALÍA G. ABRAHAM, and GRACIELA L. DE ANTONI. "Characteristics of kefir prepared with different grain[ratio ]milk ratios." Journal of Dairy Research 65, no. 1 (February 1998): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029997002677.

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Kefir is a traditional fermented milk originating many centuries ago in the Caucasian mountains. It is produced by fermentative activity of ‘kefir grains’ consisting mainly of lactococci, lactobacilli and yeasts in a protein–polysaccharide matrix. The grains contain a relatively stable and specific balance of microorganisms which exist in a complex symbiotic relationship. The grains grow in the process of kefir making only from pre-existing grains (Saloff-Coste, 1996). When kefir grains are allowed to grow in milk, microorganisms are shed from the grains into milk where they continue to multiply with the production of acid, flavour and physicochemical changes.The traditional method of kefir making is currently by adding kefir grains directly as starter to milk that has been pasteurized and cooled to 20–25°C. After a period of fermentation lasting ∼24 h, the grains are removed by filtration and the beverage is ready for consumption (Saloff-Coste, 1996). Kefir from which the grains have been removed may be used as starter. However, this fermented milk cannot be used for subsequent inoculations to make an acceptable product, because the original balance of microorganisms has been disrupted (Kroger, 1993).The complex microbiological composition of kefir grains explains why it is difficult to obtain starter with the optimal and constant composition necessary for a regular production of kefir of standard quality (Koroleva, 1988a). Studies have been undertaken to establish cultivation conditions[ratio ]grain[ratio ]milk ratio, cultivation temperature, period of time and conditions prior to separation of grains from the fermented milk, shaking conditions for agitation of milk with the grains in the course of fermentation, washing of kefir grains and so on. All these factors influence the microflora of the kefir starter and fermented milk. There are no rules about household manufacture of kefir. Different reports indicate a wide range of grain[ratio ]milk ratios for kefir making. Bottazzi & Bianchi (1980), Marshall & Cole (1985), Merin & Rosenthal (1986), Mann (1989), Hosono et al. (1990) and Kroger (1993) employed 20–50 g/l while Koroleva (1988a) employed 20–100 g kefir grain/l and Marshall et al. (1984) and Neve (1992) 50–100 g/l. Rea et al. (1996) used 1 g kefir grain/l as starter and 200 g starter in the form of kefir grains is recommended by Hansen for the fermentation of 1 l milk (Marshall & Cole, 1985). A critical control point in kefir manufacture to obtain a product with constant quality is the standardization of the kefir grain[ratio ]milk ratio. Koroleva (1988b) claimed that it is better to use kefir grains as starter for kefir production and, at the same time, to decrease the amount of inoculum.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of changes in the kefir grain[ratio ]milk ratio (quantity of kefir grains inoculated into the milk) on microflora composition, acidity, apparent viscosity and carbon dioxide content of fermented milk.
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Balyan, H. S., and Tejbir Singh. "Character association analysis in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Genome 29, no. 2 (April 1, 1987): 392–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g87-068.

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Grain yield of wheat as a component characteristic of total dry matter (biological) yield is governed by harvest index (V. P. Kulshrestha and H. K. Jain. 1982. Z. Pflanzenzuecht. 89: 19–30). At the phenotypic level, both the grain and biological yields are dependent upon a number of measurable agronomic characteristics such as plant height, tiller number, spike length, and grains per spike, etc. From a breeder's point of view, it is of great value to know the relative significance of these characteristics in determining grain yield to design appropriate selection strategies. The present study evaluated the covariability of yield in relation to various agronomic traits and ascertained their direct and indirect contributions towards grain yield. Key words: wheat, grain yield.
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Dorokhov, Aleksey, Maksim Moskovskiy, Sergey Borzenko, and Hoang Ngia Dat. "Justification main characteristics of separation wheat grains for isolation biological valuable seeds." E3S Web of Conferences 193 (2020): 01054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019301054.

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Today one of the problems of grain separation is separation of grains according to biologically valuable characteristics (germination, growth force, germination energy of grains, their physical, biological and chemical parameters, the amount of protein, gluten, etc.). It is need to justify isolate grain with high biological value, and thereby increase the yield of varieties “Felicia” and “Viola”. In this paper, we considered such seed characteristic as variability. It was found that the physical properties and replacement of seeds in the spike (dimensional characteristics, mass, density) have a direct relationship. The backlogs for new studies were identified, and all the data obtained empirically were displayed in the final table and presented in detail in this article.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Grain characteristics"

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Singh, Jagar. "Technology, characteristics, and modeling of large-grain polysilicon MOSFET /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2002. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ELEC%202002%20SINGH.

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Frank, Brian James. "Corn grain yield and plant characteristics in two water environments." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/3280.

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Menezes, Eduardo Assis. "Agronomic characteristics of intercropped legume and cereal crops." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184323.

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Research was conducted in the summers of 1985 and 1986 at the University of Arizona Marana Agricultural Center, with the objectives of (1) determining the best intercropping species combination under near optimum irrigation, using three cereals (sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), maize (Zea mays), and pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum) and three legumes (field bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), and soybean (Glycine max) in all combinations, and (2) identifying species genotypes best adapted to intercropping. Results from 1985 determined sorghum x soybean as the most appropriate intercropping combination for the environment of the Marana Agricultural Center. In the 1986 cropping season, three sorghum genotypes (Pioneer 8493, Funks G-522DR, and California IO80H40) were combined with three soybean genotypes (Asgrow A6242, Asgrow A6520, and Rillito), to identify the best genotype combination for intercropping. Both 1985 and 1986 experiments were carried out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Pearl millet was the cereal with the greatest decrease in yield when intercropped, indicating that this cereal was not a good competitor with legumes. Sorghum was the best cereal competitor with the legumes and soybean was the best legume competitor with the cereals. Among the three sorghum genotypes studied in 1986, only Pioneer 8493 showed higher yield in monocrop whereas the other two genotypes yielded higher in intercropping, indicating some benefit from this system. On the average, all three sorghum genotypes showed intercropping to be advantageous, with high Land Equivalent Ratio values. Soybean genotypes showed drastic decreases in yield when intercropped. Asgrow A6520 soybean had the highest yield in intercropping. Sorghum #3 (California IO80H40) and soybean #3 (Rillito) were chosen as the most appropriate genotypes for intercropping, for the environmental conditions of the study.
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Kalwar, Muhammad Issa. "Aerodynamics and drying characteristics of grains in two-dimensional spouted beds." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74608.

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Two slotted two-dimensional spouted bed units with flexible bed dimensions were designed and fabricated. Static vertical pressure of grains (shelled corn, soybean, and wheat) on the air entry slots in the pilot scale unit indicated that the silo theories are not applicable to predict this pressure accurately without including the bed to air inlet aspect ratio, slant angle, and sphericity of grains. A grain quantitative factor accounting for emptying angle of repose and sphericity of particles was proposed and included with the collected data to develop an empirical regression model.
Aerodynamics of grains (shelled corn, soybean, and wheat) were found to be affected by slant angle, spout width, separation distance, length of bed and the bed geometrical similarity. Mathematical models for the design parameters of the spouted beds were developed following the principles of dimensional analysis and similitude. Model predictions agree closely with the data.
The drying rate of shelled corn in the geometrically similar two-dimensional spouted beds with draft plates was found to depend on the bed geometry and operating parameters. The drying characteristics of corn in the investigated spouted beds was found to be of the thin layer type. The performance of dryers was modeled in the form of the Page's equation. Expressions for the model parameters accounting for bed geometry, grain moisture content, and drying conditions were developed. The developed model predictions agree well with the data from both beds.
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Glorioso, Mario. "DRYING CHARACTERISTICS OF SATURATED FINE-GRAIN SOIL SLURRIES AT CONSTANT TEMPERATURE." MSSTATE, 2002. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-07192002-133443/.

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This study addresses the need for investigation of drying-rate characteristics of fine-grain soils. The research was an attempt to develop a parameter for use in thermal consolidation and/or shrinkage modeling. The investigation required the development of new test methods. During the study, a strong correlation between plasticity indices and certain drying characteristics was noted and discussed in detail. An argument is presented for the superiority of the Drying-Rate Test in comparison with current laboratory procedures for determining Atterberg Limits.
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DalMolin, Tyler E. "A Comparative Study of Quality Characteristics in Grass and Grain-Fed Beef." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/301702.

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A study was conducted to evaluate the quality characteristics in a comparative manner of grass-fed and grain-fed beef. Thirty two commercially bred beef steers were used. These steers were assigned to one of four treatments; grain-fed, grass/grain-fed, grass-fed and irrigated. These treatments were each reflective of the ration that would be provided to the animal. Individual animal weights were recorded every 28 days throughout the portion of the study. The grain-fed animals realized the highest (P<0.05) average daily gain with the grass-fed and irrigated having the lowest. The steers were harvested when they reached the pre-determined criteria, which was 0.4 inch back fat as measured at the 12th rib via ultrasonography, for the grain-fed or 800 pounds for the grass-fed animals. All animals, once harvested, were graded based upon USDA quality grades with results mirroring those previously mentioned. Carcasses were involved in an aging study in which all left sides of the carcasses were fabricated into primal cuts, vacuumed packaged and aged for 14 days while the right sides were dry aged during the same period. Shear force data were collected to provide for a measure of tenderness. All samples were significantly (P<0.05) more tender following aging with no difference being realized between aging techniques. Percent cutout was also calculated for the two techniques to quantify what difference, if any, existed. No significant difference (P>0.05) was shown between wet and dry aging with regard to percent cutout. Sensory evaluation was also conducted based upon the attributes of juiciness, tenderness and flavor intensity. For all three attributes grain-fed beef was favored (P<0.05). The panelists detected no difference in aging technique for any of the treatments (P>0.05).Carcass soft tissue chemical composition (lipid, protein and moisture) was also evaluated for the treatments. Grain-fed beef was shown to be highest (P<0.05) for overall percent lipid and lowest for percent moisture and protein. The grass-fed carcasses were the opposite, being highest for overall moisture and protein and lowest for lipid (P<0.05).
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Pham, Giao (Robert) Ngoc. "Fracture characteristics, hardness, and grain size of five Pplycrystalline alumina orthodontic brackets /." Connect to this title online, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1099343059.

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Villamil, Susan Simmons. "Impedance characteristics and grain boundary effects in titanate-based multilayer ceramic capacitors." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94507.

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The major goal of this study was to gain a better understanding of the effects that grain boundaries have on conduction in multilayer ceramic (MLC) capacitors. Electrical measurements were made so that current-voltage curves and impedance plots could be constructed. It was found that the current-voltage curves of new COG and X7R multilayer ceramic capacitors are both ohmic at low voltages and super-ohmic at intermediate voltages. Ohmic behavior prevails at high voltages for both types. Such behavior can be attributed to grain boundaries. Grain boundary resistance was clearly exhibited by X7R-type density blanks and one commercially manufactured type of X7R MLC capacitor, while the NPO density blank and two different values of Z5U multilayer ceramic capacitors, each from a different manufacturer, indicated the possibility of grain boundary resistance. All of the samples that were tested showed possible, if not probable, evidence of grain resistance. Only the Z5U-type density blank showed a resistance contribution from the bulk-electrode interfaces. A model for the grain boundary potential barrier height was developed. It was found that barrier height reduction occurs for small grain sizes due to depletion of the grain, and for increased grain curvature. Dopant effects are also responsible for barrier height reduction. These results, and the related modelling, indicate that grain boundary contributions to titanate-based ceramic resistance can vary widely from sample to sample, since there are so many material dependent variables involved. Such measurements as those described here can help clarify how grain boundaries and other factors contribute to ceramic resistance.
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Pham, Giao Robert Ngoc. "Fracture characteristics, hardness, and grain size of five polycrystalline alumina orthodontic brackets." The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1099343059.

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Ozan, Cem. "Estimation Of Grain Characteristics Of Soils By Using Cone Penetration Test (cpt) Data." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1088988/index.pdf.

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Due to lack of soil sampling during a conventional cone penetration testing (CPT), it is necessary to classify soils based on recorded tip and sleeve friction and pore pressure (if available) values. However, currently available soil classification models are based on deterministic and judgemental determination of soil classification boundaries which do not address the uncertainties intristic to the problem. Moreover, size and quality of databases used in the development of these soil classification models are undocumented and thus questionable. Similar limitations do also exist in the development of SPT-CPT correlations which are widely used in SPT dominated design such as soil liquefaction triggering. To eliminate these discussed limitations, within the confines of this study it is attempted to present (1) a new probabilistic CPT- based soil classification methodology, and (2) new SPT-CPT correlations which address the uncertainties intrinsic to the problems. For these purposes, a database composed of 400 CPT/SPT boring data pairs was compiled. It is intended to develop probabilistic models, which will correlate CPT tip and sleeve friction values to actual soil classification and CPT tip resistance to SPT blow count N. The new set of correlations, model parameters of which estimated by implementing maximum likelihood methodology, presented herein are judged to represent a robust and defensible basis for (1) prediction of soil type based on CPT data and, (2) estimation of SPT-N value for given CPT data.
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Books on the topic "Grain characteristics"

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Sauer, Patricia A. Soybean marketing methods and characteristics of Arkansas grain handlers. Fayetteville, Ark: Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, 2000.

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Jinkins, John E. Characteristics and production costs of U.S. grain sorghum farms, 1990. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1993.

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Americana against the grain: A collection of essays. Tempe, Ariz: PenArtPro, 1999.

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Hedley, C. L., ed. Carbohydrates in grain legume seeds: improving nutritional quality and agronomic characteristics. Wallingford: CABI, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851994673.0000.

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Zuckerman, Michael. Almost chosen people: Oblique biographies in the American grain. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.

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Conrad, Bryce. Refiguring America: A study of William Carlos Williams' In the American grain. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990.

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Bolʹshakov, V. I. Grani russkoĭ t͡s︡ivilizat͡s︡ii. Moskva: Izd-vo zhurnala "Moskva", 1999.

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Sunyer, Carles Pi. Sobre la Gran Bretaña: Dos textos. Barcelona: Fundació Carles Pi i Sunyer d'Estudis Autonòmics i Locals, 1992.

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Matamala, Tito. El gran libro del bebedor chileno. Santiago de Chile: Catalonia, 2007.

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Surguladze, V. Sh. Grani rossiĭskogo samosoznanii︠a︡: Imperii︠a︡, nat︠s︡ionalʹnoe soznanie, messianizm i vizantizm Rossii--monografii︠a︡. Moskva: Sputnik+, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Grain characteristics"

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Beladi, Hossein, and Gregory S. Rohrer. "Grain Boundary Characteristics in Polycrystalline Materials." In Statistical Methods for Materials Science, 147–62. Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, [2019]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315121062-12.

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Kordrostami, Mojtaba, Mohammad Mafakheri, and Maryam Hosseini Chaleshtori. "Characteristics of Grain Quality in Rice." In Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology, 147–57. 4th ed. 4th edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2021.: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003093640-14.

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Ratnavathi, C. V., and Vilas A. Tonapi. "Functional Characteristics and Nutraceuticals of Grain Sorghum." In Sorghum in the 21st Century: Food – Fodder – Feed – Fuel for a Rapidly Changing World, 839–58. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8249-3_33.

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Alarco, J., Yu Boikov, G. Brorsson, T. Claeson, G. Daalmans, J. Edstam, Z. Ivanov, et al. "Engineered Grain Boundary Junctions — Characteristics, Structure, Applications." In Materials and Crystallographic Aspects of HTc-Superconductivity, 471–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1064-8_23.

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Singh, Narpinder, Amritpal Kaur, and Khetan Shevkani. "Maize: Grain Structure, Composition, Milling, and Starch Characteristics." In Maize: Nutrition Dynamics and Novel Uses, 65–76. New Delhi: Springer India, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1623-0_5.

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Cho, Jae Hyung. "Effect of Grain Boundary Characteristics on Lattice Orientations." In Advanced Materials Research, 1003–6. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-463-4.1003.

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Yin, Hui Yan, and Min Fang Han. "Grain Characteristics of Nanocrystalline ZrO2 Powders." In Key Engineering Materials, 2558–61. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-410-3.2558.

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Uchino, Kenji. "Grain Size Dependence of Actuator Characteristics in Electrostrictive PLZT." In Sintering ’87, 932–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1373-8_157.

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Peterson, David M. "Composition and Nutritional Characteristics of Oat Grain and Products." In Agronomy Monographs, 265–92. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr33.c10.

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Wu, Jianzhai, Zhemin Li, Zhiqiang Li, Lei Liu, and Jiajia Liu. "Spatial-Temporal Characteristics and Outlook of Grain Consumption in China." In Proceedings of 2013 World Agricultural Outlook Conference, 101–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54389-0_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Grain characteristics"

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Krishnan, Neil, Jian Cao, Brad Kinsey, Sunal A. Parasiz, and Ming Li. "Investigation of Deformation Characteristics of Micropins Fabricated Using Microextrusion." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81511.

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Microextrusion has recently emerged as a feasible manufacturing process to fabricate metallic micropins having characteristic dimensions of the order of less than 1 mm. At this length scale the deformation of the workpiece is dominated by the so-called ‘size effects’, e.g. material properties and frictional behavior vary at small length scales. In recent extrusion experiments performed to produce sub-millimeter sized pins having a base diameter of 0.76 mm and an extruded diameter of 0.57 mm, certain interesting deformation characteristics were observed. When a workpiece with a relatively large grain size of 211 μm was used, the billet tended to deform inhomogenously, and the extruded pins showed a tendency to curve. This phenomenon was not seen when workpieces with a smaller grain size of 32 μm were used. It is believed that the relative size and orientation of the large grains in the 211 μm grain size sample are responsible for this behavior and the aim of this paper is to investigate this phenomenon. Microindentation tests were performed on micropins extruded from workpieces of both grain sizes to obtain a measure of the distribution of induced strain. The results obtained from this analysis show that the deformation characteristics of the extruded pins are dominated by the size and location of specific grains leading to a non-uniform distribution of plastic strain and measured hardness.
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Novak, Andrei V. "Hemispherical-grain polycrystalline silicon films: The dependence of geometric characteristics of grains on formation conditions." In 2014 Tenth International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivesc.2014.6892046.

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Ivashina, Alexander, Andrey Adoshev, Valery Zhdanov, and Vitaly Shemyakin. "Studying the electrical characteristics of grain under vibration action." In 18th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev2019.18.n327.

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Schmidt, Martin, Stanislav Beer, and Pavel Konecny. "Effect of Powder Grain Surfacing on Thermodynamic Characteristics Values." In 2019 International Conference on Military Technologies (ICMT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/miltechs.2019.8870073.

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YOSHIDA, T., K. SYOJI, and T. KURIYAGAWA. "GROOVE FORMATION CHARACTERISTICS OF CERAMICS IN SINGLE GRAIN GRINDING." In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Abrasive Technology (ABTEC '99). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812817822_0012.

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Nakoshi, Yutaro, and Hideo Miura. "Crystallinity-Induced Variation of the Electronic Characteristics of Electroplated Gold Thin Films." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87278.

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Electroplated gold thin films have been used for micro bumps in flip chip packing structures. However, it has been reported that physical properties and micro texture of the electroplated thin films vary drastically comparing with those of conventional bulk material, depending on their electroplating process. In addition, since one bump is going to consist of a few grains or a single grain due to the miniaturization of the 3D structures, it shows strong anisotropic mechanical properties because a face-centered cubic crystal essentially has strong anisotropy of physical properties. Therefore, there should be the wide distribution of characteristics of the micro bumps depending on their micro structure and the variation of the crystallinity of grains and grain boundaries enlarges the width of the distributions of various properties. Particularly, it was found that the long-term reliability of micro bumps and interconnections is degraded drastically by porous grain boundaries with a lot of defects because of the acceleration of atomic diffusion along the porous grain boundaries under the application of high current density (electromigration) and high mechanical stress (stress-induced migration). In this study, the effect of crystallinity, in other words, the order of atom arrangement of grain boundaries in electroplated gold thin films on the EM resistance was investigated experimentally. The crystallinity of the gold thin films was varied drastically by changing the under-layer material used for electroplating; such as Cr (30 nm) / Pt (50 nm)/ Au (200 nm) and Ti (50 nm) / Au (100 nm). The mechanical properties of the electroplated gold thin films were measured by using a nano-indentation test. Also, the micro textures such as crystallinity and crystallographic orientation of gold thin films were investigated by EBSD (Electron Back-Scatter Diffraction) and XRD (X-Ray Diffraction). It was clarified that the crystallinity of the electroplated gold thin films changed drastically depending on the crystallinity of the under-layer materials and heat treatment conditions after electroplating. This variation of the crystallinity should have caused the wide variation of mechanical properties of the electroplated gold films. Therefore, it is very important to control the crystallinity of the under layer used for electroplating in order to control the mechanical properties and reliability of the electroplated gold thin films.
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Jackson, M. J., G. M. Robinson, and W. Ahmed. "Current Developments in the Area of Micromilling Tools: Diamond Deposition and Wear Characteristics." In ASME 2006 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2006-21117.

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Chemical vapor deposited diamond films have many industrial applications but are assuming increasing importance in the area of micro engineering, most notably in the development of diamond coated micromilling tools. For these applications the control of structure and morphology is of critical importance. The crystallite size, orientation, surface roughness, and the degree of sp3 character have a profound effect on the tribological properties of the films deposited. In this paper we present experimental results on the effects of nitrogen doping on the surface morphology, crystallite size, and wear of micromilling tools. The sp3 character optimises at 200 ppm of nitrogen and above this value the surface becomes much smoother and crystal sizes decrease considerably. Fracture induced wear of the diamond grain is the most important mechanism of material removal from a micromilling tool during the grinding process. Fracture occurs as a consequence of tensile stresses induced into diamond grains by grinding forces to which they are subjected. The relationship between the wear of diamond coated milling tools, component machining forces, and induced stresses in the model diamond grains is described in detail. A significant correlation is found between the maximum value of tensile stress induced in the diamond grain and the appropriate wear parameter, in this case the grinding ratio. It is concluded that the magnitude of tensile stresses induced in the diamond grain by machining forces at the rake face is the best indicator of tool wear during the micromachining process.
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Wang, Di, and Xi Zhang. "Modeling grain quality characteristics via dynamic models using sensing data." In 2017 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sii.2017.8279235.

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KANG, SEONG-HOON, YOUNG-SEON LEE, and JUNG-HWAN LEE. "SPRING-BACK CHARACTERISTICS OF GRAIN-REFINED MAGNESIUM ALLOY ZK60 SHEET." In Proceedings of the 9th AEPA2008. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814261579_0109.

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Zhu, Zhu, Zeming Sun, Hongju Zhang, Xiaole Han, Yu P. Sharkee, and A. Yu Eroshenko. "Microstructure and Grain Characteristics of Ti Nb40 Biological Implant Alloy." In 5th International Conference on Civil Engineering and Transportation. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccet-15.2015.372.

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Reports on the topic "Grain characteristics"

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Kurkiev, К. U., N. A. Alimuradov, and M. H. Gadzhimagomedova. CHARACTERISTICS OF HEXAPLOID TRICTIC SORTS FOR LARGE GRAIN. Modern Science Success, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15217/daggau-668454.

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Chen, Jie, and Saryu Fensin. Associating damage nucleation and distribution with grain boundary characteristics in Ta. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1778759.

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Biner, S. B. The role of grain boundary sliding on creep deformation characteristics of discontinuous reinforced composites. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10190318.

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Thurston, Alison, Zoe Courville, Lauren Farnsworth, Ross Lieblappen, Shelby Rosten, John Fegyveresi, Stacy Doherty, Robert Jones, and Robyn Barbato. Microscale dynamics between dust and microorganisms in alpine snowpack. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40079.

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Dust particles carry microbial and chemical signatures from source regions to deposition regions. Dust and its occupying microorganisms are incorporated into, and can alter, snowpack physical properties including snow structure and resultant radiative and mechanical properties that in turn affect larger-scale properties, including surrounding hydrology and maneuverability. Microorganisms attached to deposited dust maintain genetic evidence of source substrates and can be potentially used as bio-sensors. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of dust-associated microbial deposition on snowpack and microstructure. As part of this effort, we characterized the microbial communities deposited through dust transport, examined dust provenance, and identified the microscale location and fate of dust within a changing snow matrix. We found dust characteristics varied with deposition event and that dust particles were generally embedded in the snow grains, with a small fraction of the dust particles residing on the exterior of the snow matrix. Dust deposition appears to retard expected late season snow grain growth. Both bacteria and fungi were identified in the collected snow samples.
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Keller, Maureen D., and Patricia A. Matrai. Optical Characteristics of Pollen Grains in Coastal Waters of the Gulf of Maine. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada618368.

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Kerr, D. E. Distribution and characteristics of gold grains in till, Yellowknife Greenstone Belt and Drybones Bay area, Northwest Territories. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/213534.

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Lundy, Erika L., Beth E. Doran, Evan Vermeer, Daniel D. Loy, and Stephanie L. Hansen. Influence of Corn Particle Size on Steer Performance and Carcass Characteristics When Fed Diets with Moderate Inclusions of Wet Distillers Grains plus Solubles. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1281.

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de Caritat, Patrice, Brent McInnes, and Stephen Rowins. Towards a heavy mineral map of the Australian continent: a feasibility study. Geoscience Australia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/record.2020.031.

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Heavy minerals (HMs) are minerals with a specific gravity greater than 2.9 g/cm3. They are commonly highly resistant to physical and chemical weathering, and therefore persist in sediments as lasting indicators of the (former) presence of the rocks they formed in. The presence/absence of certain HMs, their associations with other HMs, their concentration levels, and the geochemical patterns they form in maps or 3D models can be indicative of geological processes that contributed to their formation. Furthermore trace element and isotopic analyses of HMs have been used to vector to mineralisation or constrain timing of geological processes. The positive role of HMs in mineral exploration is well established in other countries, but comparatively little understood in Australia. Here we present the results of a pilot project that was designed to establish, test and assess a workflow to produce a HM map (or atlas of maps) and dataset for Australia. This would represent a critical step in the ability to detect anomalous HM patterns as it would establish the background HM characteristics (i.e., unrelated to mineralisation). Further the extremely rich dataset produced would be a valuable input into any future machine learning/big data-based prospectivity analysis. The pilot project consisted in selecting ten sites from the National Geochemical Survey of Australia (NGSA) and separating and analysing the HM contents from the 75-430 µm grain-size fraction of the top (0-10 cm depth) sediment samples. A workflow was established and tested based on the density separation of the HM-rich phase by combining a shake table and the use of dense liquids. The automated mineralogy quantification was performed on a TESCAN® Integrated Mineral Analyser (TIMA) that identified and mapped thousands of grains in a matter of minutes for each sample. The results indicated that: (1) the NGSA samples are appropriate for HM analysis; (2) over 40 HMs were effectively identified and quantified using TIMA automated quantitative mineralogy; (3) the resultant HMs’ mineralogy is consistent with the samples’ bulk geochemistry and regional geological setting; and (4) the HM makeup of the NGSA samples varied across the country, as shown by the mineral mounts and preliminary maps. Based on these observations, HM mapping of the continent using NGSA samples will likely result in coherent and interpretable geological patterns relating to bedrock lithology, metamorphic grade, degree of alteration and mineralisation. It could assist in geological investigations especially where outcrop is minimal, challenging to correctly attribute due to extensive weathering, or simply difficult to access. It is believed that a continental-scale HM atlas for Australia could assist in derisking mineral exploration and lead to investment, e.g., via tenement uptake, exploration, discovery and ultimately exploitation. As some HMs are hosts for technology critical elements such as rare earth elements, their systematic and internally consistent quantification and mapping could lead to resource discovery essential for a more sustainable, lower-carbon economy.
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Amela, R., R. Badia, S. Böhm, R. Tosi, C. Soriano, and R. Rossi. D4.2 Profiling report of the partner’s tools, complete with performance suggestions. Scipedia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/exaqute.2021.2.023.

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This deliverable focuses on the proling activities developed in the project with the partner's applications. To perform this proling activities, a couple of benchmarks were dened in collaboration with WP5. The rst benchmark is an embarrassingly parallel benchmark that performs a read and then multiple writes of the same object, with the objective of stressing the memory and storage systems and evaluate the overhead when these reads and writes are performed in parallel. A second benchmark is dened based on the Continuation Multi Level Monte Carlo (C-MLMC) algorithm. While this algorithm is normally executed using multiple levels, for the proling and performance analysis objectives, the execution of a single level was enough since the forthcoming levels have similar performance characteristics. Additionally, while the simulation tasks can be executed as parallel (multi-threaded tasks), in the benchmark, single threaded tasks were executed to increase the number of simulations to be scheduled and stress the scheduling engines. A set of experiments based on these two benchmarks have been executed in the MareNostrum 4 supercomputer and using PyCOMPSs as underlying programming model and dynamic scheduler of the tasks involved in the executions. While the rst benchmark was executed several times in a single iteration, the second benchmark was executed in an iterative manner, with cycles of 1) Execution and trace generation; 2) Performance analysis; 3) Improvements. This had enabled to perform several improvements in the benchmark and in the scheduler of PyCOMPSs. The initial iterations focused on the C-MLMC structure itself, performing re-factors of the code to remove ne grain and sequential tasks and merging them in larger granularity tasks. The next iterations focused on improving the PyCOMPSs scheduler, removing existent bottlenecks and increasing its performance by making the scheduler a multithreaded engine. While the results can still be improved, we are satised with the results since the granularity of the simulations run in this evaluation step are much ner than the one that will be used for the real scenarios. The deliverable nishes with some recommendations that should be followed along the project in order to obtain good performance in the execution of the project codes.
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Chidsey, Thomas C., David E. Eby, Michael D. Vanden Berg, and Douglas A. Sprinkel. Microbial Carbonate Reservoirs and Analogs from Utah. Utah Geological Survey, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ss-168.

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Multiple oil discoveries reveal the global scale and economic importance of a distinctive reservoir type composed of possible microbial lacustrine carbonates like the Lower Cretaceous pre-salt reservoirs in deepwater offshore Brazil and Angola. Marine microbialite reservoirs are also important in the Neoproterozoic to lowest Cambrian starta of the South Oman Salt Basin as well as large Paleozoic deposits including those in the Caspian Basin of Kazakhstan (e.g., Tengiz field), and the Cedar Creek Anticline fields and Ordovician Red River “B” horizontal play of the Williston Basin in Montana and North Dakota, respectively. Evaluation of the various microbial fabrics and facies, associated petrophysical properties, diagenesis, and bounding surfaces are critical to understanding these reservoirs. Utah contains unique analogs of microbial hydrocarbon reservoirs in the modern Great Salt Lake and the lacustrine Tertiary (Eocene) Green River Formation (cores and outcrop) within the Uinta Basin of northeastern Utah. Comparable characteristics of both lake environments include shallowwater ramp margins that are susceptible to rapid widespread shoreline changes, as well as compatible water chemistry and temperature ranges that were ideal for microbial growth and formation/deposition of associated carbonate grains. Thus, microbialites in Great Salt Lake and from the Green River Formation exhibit similarities in terms of the variety of microbial textures and fabrics. In addition, Utah has numerous examples of marine microbial carbonates and associated facies that are present in subsurface analog oil field cores.
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