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Academic literature on the topic 'Grain Growers Association'
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Journal articles on the topic "Grain Growers Association"
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Shoko, MD, and M. Zhou. "Nutrient contents of soyabeans: A guide for sugarcane growers under fast track land reform programme [FTLRP] in Zimbabwe." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 13, no. 57 (April 25, 2013): 7372–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.57.11895.
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Soyabean biomass, stover and roots when incorporate d into the soil can improve the organic matter and the carbon ( C): nitrogen ( N) ratio of the soil. Of its total N, 60 - 90% is translocated into the see d. This research was conducted on sandy clay loams of the lithosol group under the Zimbabwe soil classification system at The Zimbabwe Sugar Association Experiment Station (Z.S.A.E.S) in the South Eastern Lowveld, the leading sugarcane producing region in Zimbabwe . The objectives of this research were to: 1) analyse the nutrient content of the soyabeans under study, 2) assess the contributions of the various soyabean parts to soil fertility, 3) determine the liming potential of the soyabeans and 4) determine the forage potential of the two soyabean varieties as livestock feeds. The following parameters were measured: 1) nutrient composition of the vegetable and grain soyabeans, soyabean biomass 2) nitrogen fixed by both grain and vegetable soyabeans . Vegetable soyabeans (variety S114) and grain soyabeans (variety Storm ) were used for this study . Vegetable soyabeans had higher nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium while grain soyabean s had higher calcium and magnesium. This shows that vegetable soyabeans a s a nitrogen fixing crop have Plural? the potential to ameliorate soil fertility . However, grain soyabeans seem to have better liming potential than vegetable soyabeans. Forage Storm can improve the magnesium and calcium constituency of livestock while vegetable soya beans can influence the phosphorus content . The two elements are critical to lactating cows and young stock. The crops have high levels of calcium and magnesium , which are the critical elements for the improvement of soil pH. Interestingly , high nitrogen (N), phosphorus ( P) and potassium ( K) contents were observed in grain soyabeans. These nutrients in grains are not returned to the soil as the grains are sold as a commercial crop. The economic benefits of growing soya beans accrue from the nutrients that remain in the leaves, petioles, stems and shells that are ploughed into the soil during land preparation.
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NAYLOR, R. E. L., D. T. STOKES, and S. MATTHEWS. "Biomass, shoot uniformity and yield of winter barley." Journal of Agricultural Science 131, no. 1 (August 1998): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859698005553.
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The results of field experiments in 1983/84 and 1984/85 were used to test the hypotheses (i) that cultivars and management systems which result in high biomass of winter barley will also produce high grain yield and (ii) that greater uniformity of tiller and ear size is associated with greater yield. In a set of cultivars, grain yield per plant was significantly correlated with biomass per plant despite no correlation with any individual yield component. Biomass per shoot was significantly correlated with grain yield per shoot. Treatments to increase shoot uniformity (the mass of individual tillers relative to that of the main stem) generally increased biomass per shoot and grain yield per shoot. The re-examination of data in the literature where yield and biomass were available confirmed the association of biomass and grain yield both on a per plant and per shoot basis. It is argued that harvest index is not a character which can be easily targeted for manipulation by growers, whereas crop management systems to increase biomass should be easier to specify.
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Pittman, Tyler. "Too much fertilizer? An observational association between inputs at planting and crop yield on a Saskatchewan farming operation." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 100, no. 4 (August 1, 2020): 435–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2019-0223.
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Grain yield and its variability is a major driver of seeding rate and inorganic fertilizer use at planting among grain growers. Recommended rates for fertilizer application with regard to crop utilization and soil management are discretionary and vary between producer and agronomist. This observational case study with Bayesian inference examines the association between application rates of inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium chloride and sulphur at planting, and yield of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.), large green lentils (Lens culinaris Medik.), canola (Brassica napus L.), canaryseed (Phalaris canariensis L.), and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Using precision agriculture, input and crop yield information for each parcel of cultivated land was collected over a 4 yr period from 2015 to 2018 on a continuous no-till farming operation in the semiarid region of Saskatchewan, Canada. Hierarchical models were derived that accounted for yield variability in crop types due to the random effects of field, cultivar, crop planted in previous year, planting year, combine machine, observation location within field, and elevation. Evidence from this longitudinal study suggests that seed-placed fertilizer above the recommended safe rate can be associated with yield decline on farming operations in the semiarid environment of Saskatchewan, Canada.
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Links, S., K. van Zyl, A. Cassiem, B. C. Flett, A. Viljoen, and L. J. Rose. "The association of maize characteristics with resistance to Fusarium verticillioides and fumonisin accumulation in commercial maize cultivars." World Mycotoxin Journal 13, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 367–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2019.2537.
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Fusarium verticillioides is the primary fungus that causes Fusarium ear rot (FER) of maize. Infection results in reduced grain yield and quality due to moulding and the contamination of grain with toxic compounds namely fumonisins. Resistance to fungal infection and fumonisin accumulation in maize and maize grain is governed at different levels. In this study, the structural, physico-chemical and genetic basis of resistance to F. verticillioides was investigated in two, replicated field trials at Potchefstroom and Vaalharts in South Africa. Phenotypic data (silk length, husk coverage, pericarp thickness hundred-kernel mass and kernel hardness), physico-chemical data (kernel pH, moisture content, total nitrogen and carbon as well as phenolic acid content) and the expression of pathogenesis-related-5 gene (PR5) and peroxidase gene expression was evaluated in 15 commercial cultivars under artificially inoculated and natural infection conditions. The data were correlated to FER severity, fumonisin accumulation and fungal DNA (referred to as infection indicators). Disease development and fumonisin contamination in Vaalharts was significantly more than in Potchefstroom. There were no significant correlations (r=≥0.60) between phenotypic characteristics and infection indicators. Kernel pH was the most important trait associated with disease development and was negatively correlated (between r=-0.58 and r=-0.75) to all infection indicators. PR5 gene expression had significant positive correlations (r=0.69 and r=0.72) with the fungal and fumonisin levels, respectively. This study presents of the first data demonstrating the use of gene expression in identifying FER/fumonisin-resistant plant material and could aid breeders and growers in selecting resistant material more effectively.
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Gull, Sadia, Zulqarnain Haider, Houwen Gu, Rana Ahsan Raza Khan, Jun Miao, Tan Wenchen, Saleem Uddin, Irshad Ahmad, and Guohua Liang. "InDel Marker Based Estimation of Multi-Gene Allele Contribution and Genetic Variations for Grain Size and Weight in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 19 (September 28, 2019): 4824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194824.
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The market success of any rice cultivar is exceedingly dependent on its grain appearance, as well as its grain yield, which define its demand by consumers as well as growers. The present study was undertaken to explore the contribution of nine major genes, qPE9~1, GW2, SLG7, GW5, GS3, GS7, GW8, GS5, and GS2, in regulating four size and weight related traits, i.e., grain length (GL), grain width (GW), grain thickness (GT), and thousand grain weight (TGW) in 204 diverse rice germplasms using Insertion/Deletion (InDel) markers. The studied germplasm displayed wide-ranging variability in the four studied traits. Except for three genes, all six genes showed considerable association with these traits with varying strengths. Whole germplasm of 204 genotypes could be categorized into three major clusters with different grain sizes and weights that could be utilized in rice breeding programs where grain appearance and weight are under consideration. The study revealed that TGW was 24.9% influenced by GL, 37.4% influenced by GW, and 49.1% influenced by GT. Hence, assuming the trend of trait selection, i.e., GT > GW > GL, for improving TGW in the rice yield enhancement programs. The InDel markers successfully identified a total of 38 alleles, out of which 27 alleles were major and were found in more than 20 genotypes. GL was associated with four genes (GS3, GS7, GW8, and GS2). GT was also found to be regulated by four different genes (GS3, GS7, GW8, and GS2) out of the nine studied genes. GW was found to be under the control of three studied genes (GW5, GW8, and GS2), whereas TGW was found to be under the influence of four genes (SLG7, GW5, GW8, and GS5) in the germplasm under study. The Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic means (UPGMA) tree based on the studied InDel marker loci segregated the whole germplasm into three distinct clusters with dissimilar grain sizes and weights. A two-dimensional scatter plot constructed using Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) based on InDel markers further separated the 204 rice germplasms into four sub-populations with prominent demarcations of extra-long, long, medium, and short grain type germplasms that can be utilized in breeding programs accordingly. The present study could help rice breeders to select a suitable InDel marker and in formulation of breeding strategies for improving grain appearance, as well as weight, to develop rice varieties to compete international market demands with higher yield returns. This study also confirms the efficient application of InDel markers in studying diverse types of rice germplasm, allelic frequencies, multiple-gene allele contributions, marker-trait associations, and genetic variations that can be explored further.
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Kakar, Naqeebullah, Raju Bheemanahalli, Salah Jumaa, Edilberto Redoña, Marilyn L. Warburton, and Kambham R. Reddy. "Assessment of agro-morphological, physiological and yield traits diversity among tropical rice." PeerJ 9 (July 19, 2021): e11752. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11752.
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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an essential staple food crop, but the per acre average rice yield is less than its substantial potential in many countries. Rice breeders and growers would benefit from a robust genotypes with better morpho-physiological and yield-related traits. Here, seventy-four new rice genotypes were phenotyped over two years for their gas exchange and yield potential-related traits under Mississippi rice-growing conditions. A wide range of variability was observed among genotypes for all measured traits. Detailed phenotyping of rice genotypes revealed two key relationships that function together to contribute to yield potential under the southern US climate. The first one, grain yield, grain number, and spikelet fertility, showed considerable correlation (r = 0.45 to 0.79, p < 0.001) to harvest index. Conversely, days to anthesis had a high and negative correlation with harvest index (r = −0.79, p < 0.001), which suggests that selection for short duration genotypes with efficient partitioning could improve the yields under southern US climatic conditions. Additive response index revealed a higher positive association with yield traits (R2 = 0.59) than physiological (R2 = 0.28) and morphological traits (R2 = 0.21). Compared with the commercial genotype Rex, 21.6% and 47.3% of the rice genotypes had a higher gas exchange and yield response scores. IR08A172, IR07K142 and IR07F287 were ranked as high performers in physiological and yield response indices. Our study highlights that selection for short-duration yield-related traits with efficient sink capacity traits is desirable for future breeding programs.
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Smith, Richard G., Randa Jabbour, Andrew G. Hulting, Mary E. Barbercheck, and David A. Mortensen. "Effects of Initial Seed-Bank Density on Weed Seedling Emergence during the Transition to an Organic Feed-Grain Crop Rotation." Weed Science 57, no. 5 (October 2009): 533–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-09-031.1.
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The transition period to certified organic production can present a significant weed management challenge for growers. Organic certification requires that prohibited fertilizers and pesticides must not have been used for 36 mo before harvest of the first organic crop. Understanding how organic management practices and initial weed seed-bank densities affect weed population dynamics during the transition period may improve weed management efficacy and adoption of organic practices. We examined how tillage systems (full or reduced) and cover crop species planted during the first transition year (rye or a mixture of timothy and red clover) affect the seedling densities of three common annual weed species, common lambsquarters, velvetleaf, and foxtail spp., during the 3-yr transition period. Weed seeds were applied in a one-time pulse at the beginning of the study at three densities, low, medium, and high (60, 460, and 2,100 seeds m−2, respectively), and cumulative seedling densities of each species were assessed annually. Treatment factors had variable and species-specific effects on weed seedling densities. In general, the full-tillage system, with an initial cover crop of timothy and red clover, resulted in the lowest density of weed seedlings following seed-bank augmentation. There was little consistent association between the initial densities of applied weed seeds in the weed seed bank at the start of the transition and weed seedling densities at the end of the transition period. This suggests that when multiple crop and weed cultural management practices are employed during the organic transition period, initial failures in weed management may not necessarily lead to persistent and intractable annual weed species management problems following organic certification.
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Шайдуллин, Khasan Shaydullin, Шайхов, Marsel Shaykhov, Еров, Yuriy Erov, Бабченко, and Vasiliy Babchenko. "INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND TECHNIQUES INTRODUCTION EXPERIENCE FOR CULTIVATION AND POST-HARVEST HANDLING OF GRAIN AND SEEDS." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 9, no. 1 (September 7, 2014): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/3808.
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This study discusses a plant breeding and seed system recovery. According to the 2013 information, over 3000 seeders with colters of strip cropping were upgraded, which worked in 64 regions of the country. Simultaneously with the work on the modernization of the seeders for strip cropping, Russian Institute of Mechanization together with LLC “Tekhtsentr Laishevo” and “KhaRaSha” developed a design specification on the universal seeder SUZT 4of strip cropping with 4 meter width and a design specification on unified with it breeding and farming seeder SFS -2 with 2 meter wide. The pilot seeder SUZT-4 was designrd in LLC “KhaRaSha” and in 2012 it was successfully held acceptance tests with the recommendation on production at the Kirov Machine Testing Station. This seeder is designed for strip sowing of cereals, legumes, small-seeded crops and grass with simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers, as well as for early spring narrowband sowing of sparse winter crops and perennial grasses and subsurface mineral fertilizers plant nutrition. In 2013 there have manufactured a pilotmachine of breeding and farming seeder SFS-2 and it was transferred to Machine Testing Station for carrying out acceptance tests. The speeding up the implementing these seeders allow to carry out technological operation of planting crops in a highly effective stripping way with a significant increase of productivity and with high quality seeds. On spring wheat crops, where the seeds were prepared by car SMVO and sowing performed by seeders with ODA colters of strip cropping, the field germination ranged was from 92.5 to 95.6%, which is 4.5-8.1% higher, than seeds, obtained without isolation of their specific weight and drill sowing by double disc coulters. As a result, the higher harvest is formed by 8-10 centner per hectare and more. Additional 1.0 million tons of crops were reaped from improved seeds quality. Thus, the use of universal seeders with single disc - hoe colters and seed-crop cleaning machines SMVO is the most affordable way to increase the crops yield and seed quality for all farms. Key words: selection and seed-farming, Seed-growers association, seed-crop cleaning machine, processing of grain and seed, a seeder with disc-hoe colters, strip cropping .
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Timsina, Krishna Prasad, Yuga Nath Ghimire, and Jeevan Lamichhane. "Maize production in mid hills of Nepal: from food to feed security." Journal of Maize Research and Development 2, no. 1 (December 23, 2016): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmrd.v2i1.16212.
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This study was undertaken in 2016 to analyze the production and utilization of maize in Nepal. Sixty maize growers from Kavre and Lamjung districts were selected using purposive, cluster and simple random sampling techniques. Similarly, six feed industries and five maize experts from Chitwan district were also interviewed. Study shows 56% of the total areas were used for maize production and 50% of the maize areas were covered by hybrid maize. There was no practice of contract maize production. The results revealed that 60%, 25% and 3% of the grain were used for animal feed, food and seed respectively in hill districts. Whereas the remaining amount of the maize (12%) was sold to the different buyers. The proportion of maize feed supply to different animals in the study area was varying. Result shows that at least 1.5 million tons of maize is required only to the feed industries affiliated with national feed industry association in Nepal. Similarly, out of total maize used in feed production, 87% of the maize was imported from India each year by feed industries. Analysis shows negative correlation between scale of feed production and use of domestic maize due to unavailability of required quantity of maize in time. The major pre-condition of feed industries for maize buying was moisture content which must be equal or less than 14%. Very little or no inert materials and physical injury, free from fungal attack and bigger size were also the criteria for maize buying. However, some of the feed industries were also thinking about protein and amino acid contents. Result shows 13% and 8.5% increasing demand of poultry feed and animal feed, respectively over the last five year in Nepal. Most likely, maize is known as a means of food security in Nepal, however, in the context of changing utilization patterns at the farm level and also tremendous increasing demand of maize at the industry level suggest to give more focus on development and dissemination of maize varieties that can contribute to the feed security issues as well.
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MOHAMMADI, R. "Phenotypic plasticity of yield and related traits in rainfed durum wheat." Journal of Agricultural Science 152, no. 6 (August 22, 2013): 873–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859613000580.
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SUMMARYRainfall and temperature are unpredictable in Mediterranean environments, which results in inconsistent environmental conditions for crop growth and a critical source of uncertainty for farmers and growers. The objectives of the present study were to: (i) quantify and compare the plasticity of durum breeding lines, a modern cultivar and landraces on the basis of yield and agronomic traits and (ii) study associations between plasticity of yield and plasticity of agronomic and phenological traits. Plasticity was quantified using linear models for 11 durum breeding lines, one modern cultivar and two landraces grown in 21 diversified environments. The results showed that the effects due to environment, genotype and genotype×environment (G×E) interaction were significant, which indicates the existence of differences among genotypes for plasticity. Yield ranged from 1939 to 2419 kg/ha across environments and the range of plasticity was 0·66–1·13. The breeding lines and the modern cultivar had higher grain yields compared with the landraces at the same level of plasticity. The landraces with below-average plasticity in yield were characterized as tall in stature and late in heading and maturity, whereas the breeding lines and modern cultivar with above-average plasticity in yield were early in heading and maturity, semi-dwarf and high-yielding, which indicates the success in breeding the materials for unpredictable environmental conditions. In conclusion, yield plasticity was associated with yield improvement and high yield plasticity tends to associate with earliness, shorter plants and low grain weight.
Books on the topic "Grain Growers Association"
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Association, Saskatchewan Grain Growers', ed. First Grain Growers' Sunday of the Saskatchewan Grain Growers' Association, May 27, 1917. Regina: Leader Pub. Co., 1996.
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The farmers' platform: Drafted by the Canadian Council of Agriculture and adopted by the United Farmers of Alberta, the Saskatchewan Grain Growers' Association, the Manitoba Grain Growers' Association and the United Farmers of Ontario. Winnipeg: Canadian Council of Agriculture, 1995.
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The Prairie Agrarian Movement Revisited: Centenary Symposium on the Foundation of the Territorial Grain Growers Association (Canadian Plains Studies). Canadian Plains Research Center, 2007.
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Studies in rural citizenship: Designed for the use of Grain Growers' Associations, Women's Institutes, Community clubs, Young Peoples' Societies and similar organizations and groups desirous of obtaining an intelligent view of rural life in Canada with its various needs and possibilities. [Winnipeg?: s.n., 1996.
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