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Journal articles on the topic 'Grain growth mechanisms'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Petrov, Roumen H., Leo Kestens, Kim Verbeken, and Yvan Houbaert. "Grain Growth after Intercritical Rolling." Materials Science Forum 467-470 (October 2004): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.467-470.305.

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The distribution of the characteristic texture components between the ferrite grains of different size classes has been studied in a steel with 0.082%C, 1.54% Mn, 0.35% Si, 0.055%Nb and 0.078%V after different rolling schedules with a final rolling temperature above or below Ar3. Microstructures and textures were characterized by means of optical microscopy and orientation microscopy. A strong grain refining effect together with a bimodal grain size distribution was observed in the steel both after final rolling in the intercritical region or in the austenite region, close to the Ar3 d tempera

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2

Prior, David J., Michel Bestmann, Angela Halfpenny, et al. "Recrystallization and Grain Growth in Rocks and Minerals." Materials Science Forum 467-470 (October 2004): 545–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.467-470.545.

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Misorientation analysis, using EBSD data sets, has enabled us to constrain better recrystallization mechanisms in rocks and minerals. Observed microstructures are not explicable in terms of recovery, boundary bulging and migration alone. We have to invoke either a nucleation process (physics unknown) or grain rotations that are not related to grain or boundary crystallography. Such rotations can occur by diffusion accommodated grain boundary sliding and this mechanism explains best the microstructure and texture of recrystallized grains in some rocks.

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Tengen, T. B., Tomasz Wejrzanowski, R. Iwankiewicz, and Krzysztof Jan Kurzydlowski. "Statistical Model of Grain Growth in Polycrystalline Nanomaterials." Solid State Phenomena 129 (November 2007): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.129.157.

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Nanomaterials, due to their fine grain sizes, exhibit enhanced mechanical properties. However, their low stability at also relatively low temperatures might limit their future applications. In the present work, a statistical model has been proposed in order to study grain growth processes in nanomaterials. The Hillert’s approach has been extended by incorporating two mechanisms of growth for an individual grain: grain boundary migration – GBM - (diffusion based - continuous) and grain-rotation coalescence – GRC - (discontinuous). The influence of the grain size distribution on the grain growth

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Palmer, M. A., M. E. Glicksman, and K. Rajan. "Annihilation mechanisms in thin film grain growth." Scripta Materialia 48, no. 8 (2003): 1173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6462(02)00582-1.

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5

Mao, Wei Min, Y. Li, Ping Yang, and W. Guo. "Abnormal Growth Mechanisms of Goss Grains in Grain-Oriented Electrical Steels." Materials Science Forum 702-703 (December 2011): 585–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.702-703.585.

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The possible mechanisms concerning abnormal growth of Goss grains in grain oriented electrical steels were investigated. The density of inhibitor particles near sheet surface, where the Goss grains located, was lower than that in center layer before secondary recrystallization, and the grains near surface could grow more easily because of reduced pinning effect. Few Goss grains could survive the growth competition and reach the sheet surface, after which the inhibitor particles inside the Goss grains coarsened slower. The phenomenon resulted in easy growth of the Goss grains at the expense of

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6

Yakovtseva, O. A., Anastasia V. Mikhaylovskaya, A. G. Mochugovskiy, V. V. Cheverikin, and Vladimir K. Portnoy. "Superplastic Deformation Mechanisms in High Magnesium Contenting Aluminum Alloy." Materials Science Forum 838-839 (January 2016): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.838-839.66.

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The evolution of surface, grains and dislocation structures during superplastic deformation was studied in Al–6.8%Mg–0.6%Mn–0.25%Cr alloy by SEM, EBSD, TEM techniques. The effective activation energy of superplastic deformation was calculated. Contribution of grain boundary sliding was defined during superplastic deformation. Low value of grain boundary sliding, significant dynamic grain growth in stress direction, high dislocations activity and permanent continuous formation of sub-grain boundaries during superplastic deformation were found.

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7

Fujiwara, Kozo. "Crystal Growth Behaviors of Silicon during Melt Growth Processes." International Journal of Photoenergy 2012 (2012): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/169829.

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It is imperative to improve the crystal quality of Si multicrystal ingots grown by casting because they are widely used for solar cells in the present and will probably expand their use in the future. Fine control of macro- and microstructures, grain size, grain orientation, grain boundaries, dislocation/subgrain boundaries, and impurities, in a Si multicrystal ingot, is therefore necessary. Understanding crystal growth mechanisms in melt growth processes is thus crucial for developing a good technology for producing high-quality Si multicrystal ingots for solar cells. In this review, crystal

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8

Moelans, Nele, Bart Blanpain, and Patrick Wollants. "A Phase Field Model for grain Growth and Thermal Grooving in Thin Films with Orientation Dependent Surface Energy." Solid State Phenomena 129 (November 2007): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.129.89.

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A phase field model for simulating grain growth and thermal grooving in thin films is presented. Orientation dependence of the surface free energy and misorientation dependence of the grain boundary free energy are included in the model. Moreover, the model can treat different mechanisms for groove formation, namely through volume diffusion, surface diffusion, evaporation-condensation, or a combination of these mechanisms. The evolution of a groove between two grains has been simulated for different surface and grain boundary energies and different groove formation mechanisms.

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9

Miller, K. T., F. F. Lange, and D. B. Marshall. "The instability of polycrystalline thin films: Experiment and theory." Journal of Materials Research 5, no. 1 (1990): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1990.0151.

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Dense polycrystalline thin films of ZrO2 (3 and 8 mol % Y2O3) were produced by the pyrolysis of zirconium acetate precursor films, which were deposited on single crystal Al2O3 substrates by spin-coating aqueous solutions of zirconium acetate and yttrium nitrate. Dense films were heat treated to encourage grain growth. With grain growth, these films broke into islands of ZrO2 grains. Identical areas were examined after each heat treatment to determine the mechanism that causes the polycrystalline film to uncover the substrate. Two mechanisms were detailed: (a) for a composition which inhibited

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10

Belyakov, Andrey, Nadezhda Dudova, Marina Tikhonova, Taku Sakai, Kaneaki Tsuzaki, and Rustam Kaibyshev. "Dynamic Recrystallization Mechanisms Operating under Different Processing Conditions." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 2704–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.2704.

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Dynamic recrystallization (DRX) is one of the most important mechanisms for microstructure evolution during deformation of various metals and alloys. So-called discontinuous DRX usually develops in structural materials with low to medium stacking fault energy during hot working. The local migration, i.e. bulging, of grain boundaries leads to the formation of recrystallization nuclei, which then grow out consuming work-hardened surroundings. The cyclic character of nucleation and growth of new grains during deformation results in a dynamically constant average grain size. The dynamic grain size

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11

Liu, Ying, Matthias Militzer, and Michel Perez. "Phase Field Modelling of Abnormal Grain Growth." Materials 12, no. 24 (2019): 4048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12244048.

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Heterogeneous grain structures may develop due to abnormal grain growth during processing of polycrystalline materials ranging from metals and alloys to ceramics. The phenomenon must be controlled in practical applications where typically homogeneous grain structures are desired. Recent advances in experimental and computational techniques have, thus, stimulated the need to revisit the underlying growth mechanisms. Here, phase field modelling is used to systematically evaluate conditions for initiation of abnormal grain growth. Grain boundaries are classified into two classes, i.e., high- and

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12

Simões, S., R. Calinas, P. J. Ferreira, F. Viana, M. T. Vieira, and M. F. Vieira. "TEM and SEM in-situ annealing of nanocrystalline copper thin films." Microscopy and Microanalysis 14, S3 (2008): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927608089368.

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Materials mechanical resistance is known to depend on the size of structural features, accordingly to the familiar HallPetch equation. For the nanometer range of grain sizes, this relationship breaks down and a change of the grain size exponent is needed to satisfy this dependency. Nevertheless, the superior strength of the nanocrystalline material relays on the small dimension of its grains. Characterization of the thermal stability of these materials becomes relevant since a large fraction of atoms are in the grain boundaries and, as a result, its structure posses a large excess of energy th

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13

Tellkamp, V. L., S. Dallek, D. Cheng, and E. J. Lavernia. "Grain growth behavior of a nanostructured 5083 Al–Mg alloy." Journal of Materials Research 16, no. 4 (2001): 938–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2001.0133.

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A nanostructured 5083 Al–Mg alloy powder was subjected to various thermal heat treatments in an attempt to understand the fundamental mechanisms of recovery, recrystallization and grain growth as they apply to nanostructured materials. A low-temperature stress relaxation process associated with reordering of the grain boundaries was found to occur at 158 °C. A bimodal restructuring of the grains occurred at 307 °C for the unconstrained grains and 381 °C for the constrained grains. An approximate activation energy of 5.6 kJ/mol was found for the metastable nanostructured grains, while an approx

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14

Jankowski, Alan F. "Diffusion Mechanisms in Nanocrystalline and Nanolaminated Au-Cu." Defect and Diffusion Forum 266 (September 2007): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.266.13.

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Thermal anneal treatments are used to identify the temperature range of the two dominant diffusion mechanisms – bulk and grain boundary. To assess the transition between mechanisms, the low temperature range for bulk diffusion is established utilizing the decay of static concentration waves in composition-modulated nanolaminates. These multilayered structures are synthesized using vapor deposition methods as thermal evaporation and magnetron sputtering. However, at low temperature the kinetics of grain-boundary diffusion are much faster than bulk diffusion. The synthesis of Au-Cu alloys (0-20

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15

Jankowski, Alan, James Ferreira, and Jeffrey Hayes. "Activation energies of grain growth mechanisms in aluminum coatings." Thin Solid Films 491, no. 1-2 (2005): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2005.05.027.

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16

Militzer, Matthias, P. Freundlich, and D. Bizzotto. "Abnormal Grain Growth in Electrochemically Deposited Cu Films." Materials Science Forum 467-470 (October 2004): 1339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.467-470.1339.

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Cu interconnects are essential in advanced integrated circuits to minimize the RC delay. In manufacturing these devices, Cu is deposited electrochemically using a plating bath containing organic additives. The as-deposited nanocrystalline Cu films undergo self-annealing at room temperature to form a micronsized grain structure by abnormal grain growth. Systematic experimental studies of self-annealing kinetics on model Cu films deposited on a Au substrate suggest that the rate of grain size evolution depends primarily on the initial grain size of the asdeposited film. A model for the observed

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17

Iliescu, D., and I. Baker. "Effects of impurities and their redistribution during recrystallization of ice crystals." Journal of Glaciology 54, no. 185 (2008): 362–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/002214308784886216.

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AbstractIn order to examine the effects of solutes on recrystallization and subsequent grain growth in ice, both doped and undoped ice single crystals were extruded through a 120° equal-channel angular extrusion jig, in order to impart a large shear strain (∼1.15). Upon subsequent annealing at −3°C, the original single crystals recrystallized, in most cases to a new single crystal with a different orientation. Increasing the solute concentration (for H2SO4 to ∼200–300 ppb, and for NaCl, KCl and MgSO4 to >5 ppm) was found to significantly retard the growth and possibly, for H2SO4-doped ice,

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18

Bacroix, Brigitte, Rénald Brenner, K. Zhu, et al. "Relation between Initial Texture and Microstructure and Nucleation and Growth Mechanisms in Metals." Materials Science Forum 558-559 (October 2007): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.558-559.45.

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Nucleation and normal or abnormal grain growth of new grains have been observed in several metals and alloys during annealing after various levels of strain (from few percents for abnormal grain growth in steel and aluminium to 90 % strain for static recrystallization of highly deformed copper, zirconium and steel). For each of these cases, the links between the initial deformation state of the polycristalline samples and their final textures after annealing are analyzed in some details, by taking into acount the distribution of orientations and misorientations within the samples, as well as t

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19

Sankaran, A., Emmanuel Bouzy, Matthew R. Barnett, and Alain Hazotte. "Grain Boundary-Dependent Selection Criteria for Nucleation of Gamma-Massive Grains in TiAl-Based Alloys." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 2338–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.2338.

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Rapid cooling of TiAl-based alloy from α phase (disordered hexagonal, A3) generates  phase (ordered tetragonal, L1o) grains through massive transformation nucleating mostly over the α/α grain boundaries. This current work deals with the identification and the validation of different nucleation mechanisms during  massive transformation in TiAl-based alloys. Special attention has been given to the variant selection criteria for the nucleation of the massive structures along different types of α/α grain boundaries. The  massive domains formed along the grain boundaries were analysed using high

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20

Li, F. Y., P. D. Jamieson, P. R. Johnstone, and A. J. Pearson. "Mechanisms of nitrogen limitation affecting maize growth: a comparison of different modelling hypotheses." Crop and Pasture Science 60, no. 8 (2009): 738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp08412.

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Two hypothetical mechanisms exist for quantifying crop nitrogen (N) demand and N-deficit effects on crop growth. The Critical N mechanism uses a critical N concentration, while the Leaf N mechanism distinguishes active N in leaves from the N elsewhere in shoots. These two mechanisms were implemented in parallel in a maize model (Amaize) to evaluate their adequacy in predicting crop growth and development. In the Leaf N mechanism, two approaches for quantifying N-deficit effects, by reducing green leaf area (GAI) or diluting specific leaf nitrogen (SLN), were also examined. The model-predicted

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21

Panov, Dmitrii, Egor Kudryavtsev, Ruslan Chernichenko, et al. "Mechanisms of the Reverse Martensite-to-Austenite Transformation in a Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steel." Metals 11, no. 4 (2021): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11040599.

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The martensite-to-austenite reversion mechanisms under continuous heating and annealing of metastable austenitic stainless steel subjected to cold swaging were studied. The reversion-temperature-time diagram was constructed using high-resolution dilatometry. The diagram revealed a sequence of martensitic and diffusional reversion and recrystallization. Martensitic and diffusional reversion might be separated by using the heating rate of >10 °C/s. The reversion started via the martensitic mechanism, and the diffusional mechanism developed during subsequent heating. However, both mechanisms e

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22

Huda, Zainul. "Influence of Particle Mechanisms on Kinetics of Grain Growth in a P/M Superalloy." Materials Science Forum 467-470 (October 2004): 985–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.467-470.985.

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The current literature reports the quantitative analysis of the kinetics of grain growth influenced by second-phase particle mechanisms for a powder metallurgy nickel-base superalloy: APK-6. Annealing treatments in the superalloy are shown to involve coarsening/dissolution of γ’ particles, and these particles mechanisms are shown to influence the kinetics of grain growth. The grain-growth exponent, n, is computed, and the γ’-solvus temperature of the superalloy is determined to lie between 220 and 270 oC. The kinetic data is interpreted to establish dependence of γ’ particles coarsening/dissol

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23

Leysen, Frans, Jan Penning, and Yvan Houbaert. "Study of the Development of Heterogeneous Grain Size in the Through-Thickness Direction of Hot Rolled ELC Steels." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 4220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.4220.

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The present study aims to investigate the mechanism of the development of abnormal grain sizes in the through-thickness direction of hot rolled steel strips. For this purpose, industrially prepared steel strips were further hot rolled in a laboratory hot rolling mill, setting a variety of rolling parameters. As found, the deformation rate in the hot rolling practice exerts an important role in explaining the mechanism of abnormal grain growth, especially in the close vicinity of the strip surface. Furthermore, the influence of the cooling penetration depth, induced by the roll contact was exam

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24

Ni, Haitao, Jiang Zhu, Zhaodong Wang, Haiyang Lv, Yongyao Su, and Xiyan Zhang. "A brief overview on grain growth of bulk electrodeposited nanocrystalline nickel and nickel-iron alloys." REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE 58, no. 1 (2019): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rams-2019-0011.

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Abstract This review focuses on grain growth behaviors and the underlying mechanisms of bulk electrodeposited nanocrystalline nickel and nickel-iron alloys. Effects of some important factors on grain growth are described. During thermal-induced grain growth process, grain boundary migration plays a key role. For similar thermal conditions, due to grain boundary mobility with solute drag, limited grain growth occurs in nanocrystalline alloys, as compared to pure metals. Nonetheless, in the case of stress-induced grain growth process, there are a variety of mechanisms in samples having various d

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25

Nucci, J. A., A. Straub, E. Bischoff, E. Arzt, and C. A. Volkert. "Growth of electromigration-induced hillocks in Al interconnects." Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 10 (2002): 2727–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2002.0394.

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Electromigration-induced hillock growth in polycrystalline Al segments was extensively investigated. Hillocks composed of columnar grains grew near the anode by epitaxial Al addition at the interface between the Al and underlying TiN layer, which pushed up the original Al film. The hillocks rotated away from their initial (111) out-of-plane orientation in a manner consistent with the physical rotation of the hillock surface. Wedgelike and rounded hillocks were observed, and their formation is explained by the interaction between grain extrusion and grain growth. Trends elucidated by review of

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26

Gubanov, P. Yu, and I. L. Maksimov. "Coalescence kinetics under the action of alternative grain growth mechanisms." Crystallography Reports 53, no. 1 (2008): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063774508010173.

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27

Matsui, Koji, Hideharu Horikoshi, Nobukatsu Ohmichi, Michiharu Ohgai, Hidehiro Yoshida, and Yuichi Ikuhara. "Cubic-Formation and Grain-Growth Mechanisms in Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystal." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 86, no. 8 (2003): 1401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03483.x.

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28

Eom, C. B., A. F. Marshall, Y. Suzuki, et al. "Growth mechanisms and properties of 90° grain boundaries inYBa2Cu3O7thin films." Physical Review B 46, no. 18 (1992): 11902–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.46.11902.

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29

Naik, Sneha N., and Stephen M. Walley. "The Hall–Petch and inverse Hall–Petch relations and the hardness of nanocrystalline metals." Journal of Materials Science 55, no. 7 (2019): 2661–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-019-04160-w.

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AbstractWe review some of the factors that influence the hardness of polycrystalline materials with grain sizes less than 1 µm. The fundamental physical mechanisms that govern the hardness of nanocrystalline materials are discussed. The recently proposed dislocation curvature model for grain size-dependent strengthening and the 60-year-old Hall–Petch relationship are compared. For grains less than 30 nm in size, there is evidence for a transition from dislocation-based plasticity to grain boundary sliding, rotation, or diffusion as the main mechanism responsible for hardness. The evidence surr

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30

Fu, Jin Long, Yu Wei Wang, Kai Kun Wang, and Xiao Wei Li. "Microstructure Evolution and Coarsening Mechanism of 7075 Semi-Solid Aluminum Alloy Pre-Deformed by ECAP Method." Solid State Phenomena 256 (September 2016): 294–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.256.294.

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To investigate the influence of refined grains on the microstructure of 7075 aluminum alloy in semi-solid state, a new strain induced melting activation (SIMA) method was put forward containing two main stages: pre-deformation with equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) method and isothermally holding in the semi-solid temperature range. The breaking up and growth mechanisms of the grains and kinetics of equiaxed grains coarsening during the semi-solid holding were investigated. The results showed that the average grain size after ECAP extrusion decreased significantly, e.g., microstructure wit

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31

Montheillet, Frank, L. Pallot, and David Piot. "Hot Deformation and Dynamic Recrystallization of the Beta Phase in Titanium Alloys." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.127.

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Due to the high rate of dynamic recovery associated with the large stacking fault energy of the bcc structure, classical "discontinuous" dynamic recrystallization, occurring by nucleation and growth of new grains is not observed in the β phase of titanium alloys. Instead, the following mechanisms take place: at low and moderate strains (ε < 1), the original flattened (compression) or sheared (torsion) grains are still recognizable, although their boundaries are strongly serrated. In this strain range, grain size (thickness) results from both the convection and the migration of grain boundar

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32

Zhang, Yang, Garritt J. Tucker, and Jason R. Trelewicz. "Stress-assisted grain growth in nanocrystalline metals: Grain boundary mediated mechanisms and stabilization through alloying." Acta Materialia 131 (June 2017): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2017.03.060.

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Rios, Paulo Rangel, and Gláucio Soares Fonseca. "Grain Boundary Pinning by Particles." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 3907–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.3907.

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Grain boundary pinning by particles is widely used to prevent grain growth during heat treatment in a variety of commercial alloys. Its practical relevance is matched by a considerable amount of theoretical work that has been devoted this problem. A key issue of boundary pinning is the particle/interface interaction mechanism and its associated pinning force. According to Ashby et al. an interface may interact with a particle in two ways: either it goes through the particles or, more usually, bends round and envelopes the particle. Based on these mechanisms one may derive quantitative expressi

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Kang, Suk-Joong L. "What We Should Consider for Full Densification when Sintering." Materials 13, no. 16 (2020): 3578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13163578.

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To fully densify a powder compact, we should avoid two things: (i) entrapment of insoluble gases within pores and (ii) entrapment of isolated pores within grains. This paper describes general directions for promoting full densification in view of the above two points. Emphasis is placed on ways to potentially prevent pore entrapment in terms of grain growth control. Currently available techniques that can enhance densification while suppressing grain growth are briefly described, and their major mechanisms are discussed.

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Schouwenaars, Rafael, Hugo A. Duran, Víctor H. Jacobo, and Armando Ortiz. "Microstructure, Texture and Recrystallisation Mechanisms of an Al-20%Sn Deformation Processed Metal-Metal Composite." Materials Science Forum 715-716 (April 2012): 522–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.715-716.522.

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Al-Sn alloys for tribological applications are industrially important alloys which have attracted little attention over their history. Being cold rolled directly from thin cast slabs and consisting of two ductile phases, their processing and physical behaviour are distinct from classical Al-Alloys. During cold rolling, the coarse-grained, random texture of the slab is transformed into the classical rolling texture of a fine-grained Al-alloy, with elongated Al-grains delimited by thin Sn-ribbons. During annealing at 300°C, the interior of the Al-grains recrystallises rapidly while the liquid Sn

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Matsui, Koji, Hidehiro Yoshida, and Yuichi Ikuhara. "Grain-Boundary Structure and Phase-Transformation Mechanism in Yttria-Stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystal." Materials Science Forum 558-559 (October 2007): 921–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.558-559.921.

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The microstructures in 3 mol% Y2O3-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) sintered at 1100°-1650°C were investigated to clarify cubic-formation and grain-growth mechanisms. The cubic phase in Y-TZP appeared at 1300°C and its mass fraction increased with increasing sintering temperature. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and nanoprobe X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) measurements revealed that no amorphous layer existed along the grain-boundary faces in Y-TZP, and Y3+ ions segregated not only along the tetragonal-tetragonal phase boundaries but also

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37

Liu, Silu, and Yonghao Zhao. "Revealing grain coarsening and detwinning in bimodal Cu under tension." REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE 60, no. 1 (2021): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rams-2021-0001.

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Abstract Metals with a bimodal grain size distribution have been found to have both high strength and good ductility. However, the coordinated deformation mechanisms underneath the ultrafine-grains (UFGs) and coarse grains (CGs) still remain undiscovered yet. In present work, a bimodal Cu with 80% volume fraction of recrystallized micro-grains was prepared by the annealing of equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) processed ultrafine grained Cu at 473 K for 40 min. The bimodal Cu has an optimal strength-ductility combination (yield strength of 220 MPa and ductility of 34%), a larger shear fract

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Warchomicka, Canelo-Yubero, Zehetner, Requena, and Stark. "In-Situ Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction of Ti-6Al-4V During Thermomechanical Treatment in the Beta Field." Metals 9, no. 8 (2019): 862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9080862.

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This work aims to identify the mechanisms of restoration occurring in Ti-6Al-4V during hot plastic deformation and subsequent heat treatment. The allotropic phase transformation that occurs during cooling distorts the interpretation of the restoration mechanisms taking place at high temperatures. Therefore, analysis of deformed samples by conventional microscopy have led to controversies in the interpretation of the main dynamic restoration mechanism. Additionally, static restoration of the microstructure can occur during slow cooling, modifying the microstructure. These facts were mainly the

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Madhavan, R., N. P. Gurao, and Satyam Suwas. "Deformation and Recrystallization Texture Evolution in Nanocrystalline Nickel." Materials Science Forum 715-716 (April 2012): 508–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.715-716.508.

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Deformation and recrystallization textures in nanocrystalline nickel with average grain size of 20 nm were investigated using X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The deformation behaviour of nanocrystalline nickel is quite complicated due to intervention of other deformation mechanisms like grain boundary sliding and restoration mechanisms like grain growth and grain rotation to dislocation mediated slip. Recrystallization studies carried out on the deformed nanocrystalline nickel showed that the deformation texture was retained during low temperature

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Zhou, M., and F. P. E. Dunne. "Mechanisms-based constitutive equations for the superplastic behaviour of a titanium alloy." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 31, no. 3 (1996): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/03093247v313187.

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Mechanisms-based constitutive equations are proposed for the high-temperature behaviour of a class of titanium alloys, for which the deformation mechanisms include diffusional creep, grain boundary sliding, dislocation creep and grain growth. A computational procedure has been developed for the determination of the constitutive equations from a material database. The constitutive equations and the procedure for their determination have been validated by modelling the behaviour of the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V at 927°C. It is shown that the procedure developed for the determination of the mechan

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Boo, Myung Hwan, and Chi Yong Park. "Mechanisms of Fatigue Crack Growth in WC-Co Cemented Carbides." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 1120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.1120.

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In order to study the influence of stress ratio and WC grain size, the characteristics of fatigue crack growth were investigated in WC-Co cemented carbides with two different grain sizes of 3 and 6 µm. Fatigue crack growth tests were carried out over a wide range of fatigue crack growth rates covering the threshold stress intensity factor range DKth. It was found that crack growth rate da/dN against stress intensity factor range DK depended on stress ratio R. The crack growth rate plotted in terms of effective stress intensity factor range DKeff still exhibited the effect of microstructure. Fr

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Charalampidou, Christina Margarita, Christiaan C. E. Pretorius, Roelf J. Mostert, and Nikolaos D. Alexopoulos. "Effect of Solution Aggressiveness on the Crack Growth Resistance and Cracking Mechanism of AA2024-T3." Corrosion 77, no. 9 (2021): 1029–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/3839.

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Aluminum alloy 2024-T3 was examined using a range of microscopy techniques at the early stages of corrosion attack to investigate the corrosion-induced cracking mechanism. Two different corrosive environments—exfoliation corrosion (EXCO) and 3.5 wt% NaCl—were used for the exposure of tensile and prenotched compact-tension C(T) specimens of AA2024-T3. Different embrittlement mechanisms are noticed for the two investigated corrosive environments. Significant intergranular corrosion (IGC) and grain boundary embrittlement are evident in the specimens exposed to EXCO solution, whilethis was not the

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Akselsen, O. M., Ø. Grong, N. Ryum, and N. Christensen. "HAZ grain growth mechanisms in welding of low carbon microalloyed steels." Acta Metallurgica 34, no. 9 (1986): 1807–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(86)90125-2.

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Liang, Yanxia, Peipei Wang, Yufei Wang, et al. "Growth Mechanisms and the Effects of Deposition Parameters on the Structure and Properties of High Entropy Film by Magnetron Sputtering." Materials 12, no. 18 (2019): 3008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12183008.

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Despite intense research on high entropy films, the mechanism of film growth and the influence of key factors remain incompletely understood. In this study, high entropy films consisting of five elements (FeCoNiCrAl) with columnar and nanometer-scale grains were prepared by magnetron sputtering. The high entropy film growth mechanism, including the formation of the amorphous domain, equiaxial nanocrystalline structure and columnar crystal was clarified by analyzing the microstructure in detail. Besides, the impacts of the important deposition parameters including the substrate temperature, the

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Estrin, Yuri, Günter Gottstein, and Lasar S. Shvindlerman. "Diffusion Creep during Grain Growth in Nanocrystalline Metals." Materials Science Forum 467-470 (October 2004): 1283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.467-470.1283.

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Diffusion controlled creep in nanostructured materials is considered for the case when grain growth occurs concurrently. The Nabarro-Herring and Coble mechanisms that would predict creep rate reduction are re-considered to include the effect of grain-growth induced vacancy generation. It is shown that under such conditions creep is accelerated during an initial stage of grain growth as compared to the case of constant grain size. This creep enhancement stage is followed by a period of reduced creep rate. The predicted strain rate behaviour resembles primary and secondary creep.

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Knorr, Alain Franz, and Michael Marx. "Calculating the Resistance of a Grain Boundary against Fatigue Crack Growth." Advanced Materials Research 891-892 (March 2014): 929–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.891-892.929.

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One problem of the quantitative description of small fatigue crack propagation is the fluctuating crack growth rate induced by obstacles like grain or phase boundaries. Sometimes cracks stop completely for a large number of cycles sometimes cracks only decelerate, both resulting in an additional number of life time cycles. However, so far it is not clear, what actually determines the resistance of a grain boundary against fatigue cracks. Therefore we investigate small crack propagation through grain boundaries systematically by in-situ imaging in the scanning electron microscope and focused io

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Sun, Baoru, and Tongde Shen. "Probing the Deformation Mechanisms of Nanocrystalline Silver by In-Situ Tension and Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction." Metals 10, no. 12 (2020): 1635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10121635.

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The mechanisms responsible for the deformation of nanocrystalline materials are not well understood although many mechanisms have been proposed. This article studies the room-temperature stress-strain relations of bulk nanocrystalline silver deformed in a tension mode at a constant strain rate. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction patterns were gathered from the deformed specimen and used to deduce such structural parameters as the grain size and the density of dislocations, twins, and stacking faults. Our quantitative results indicate that grain growth and twinning occur in the stage of elastic defo

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Zhang, Ming Xian, Bin Yang, Sheng Long Wang, and Huan Chun Wu. "Mechanisms of Thermo-Mechanical Process on Grain Boundary Character Distribution of 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel." Materials Science Forum 850 (March 2016): 965–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.850.965.

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Grain boundary engineering (GBE) was carried out on 316L austenitic stainless steel with Thermo-mechanical processing (TMP), which was performed by unidirectional compression and subsequent annealing. The effect of TMP parameters including the strain and annealing time on grain boundary character distribution (GBCD) and the corresponding mechanism was investigated in the study. The results showed that high fraction of low-Σ coincident-site lattice (CSL) grain boundaries (about 55%) associating with interrupted network of random boundaries was obtained through TMP of 5% cold compression followe

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Mouhib, Fatim-Zahra, Fengyang Sheng, Ramandeep Mandia, Risheng Pei, Sandra Korte-Kerzel, and Talal Al-Samman. "Texture Selection Mechanisms during Recrystallization and Grain Growth of a Magnesium-Erbium-Zinc Alloy." Metals 11, no. 1 (2021): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11010171.

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Binary and ternary Mg-1%Er/Mg-1%Er-1%Zn alloys were rolled and subsequently subjected to various heat treatments to study texture selection during recrystallization and following grain growth. The results revealed favorable texture alterations in both alloys and the formation of a unique ±40° transvers direction (TD) recrystallization texture in the ternary alloy. While the binary alloy underwent a continuous alteration of its texture and grain size throughout recrystallization and grain growth, the ternary alloy showed a rapid rolling (RD) to transvers direction (TD) texture transition occurr

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Jin, Yuan, M. Bernacki, G. S. Rohrer, Anthony D. Rollett, B. Lin, and Nathalie Bozzolo. "Formation of Annealing Twins during Recrystallization and Grain Growth in 304L Austenitic Stainless Steel." Materials Science Forum 753 (March 2013): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.753.113.

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Understanding of the mechanisms of annealing twin formation is fundamental for grain boundary engineering. In this work, the formation of annealing twins in a 304L austenitic stainless steel is examined in relation to the thermo-mechanical history. The behaviour of annealing twins of various morphologies is analysed using an in-situ annealing device and EBSD. The results confirm that there is a synergistic effect of prior strain level on annealing twin density generated during recrystallization. The higher the prior strain level, the higher the velocity of grain boundary migration and the high

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