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Journal articles on the topic 'Grain materials'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

L.|Kang, Suk-Joong, and Sang-Moo Han. "Grain Growth in Si3 N4-Based Materials." MRS Bulletin 20, no. 2 (1995): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400049198.

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The growth of Si3N4 grains in the usual sintering process occurs in an oxynitride liquid formed by reactions between sintering additives, impurity SiO2, and Si3N4. The shape of an Si3N4 grain in the liquid matrix is a hexagonal rod, although the aspect ratio (c/a) varies considerably, depending on the processing conditions and final crystalline forms of α or β. Figure 1 shows two types of microstructures observed in sintered Si3N4-based materials. The microstructure shown in Figure la is normal with unimodal grain-size distribution and that of Figure 1b is abnormal with a microstructure of exc

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2

Wejdemann, Christian, and Henning Friis Poulsen. "Multigrain indexing of unknown multiphase materials." Journal of Applied Crystallography 49, no. 2 (2016): 616–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576716003691.

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A multigrain indexing algorithm for use with samples comprising an arbitrary number of known or unknown phases is presented. No a priori crystallographic knowledge is required. The algorithm applies to data acquired with a monochromatic beam and a conventional two-dimensional detector for diffraction. Initially, candidate grains are found by searching for crystallographic planes, using a Dirac comb convoluted with a box function as a filter. Next, candidate grains are validated and the unit cell is optimized. The algorithm is validated by simulations. Simulations of 500 cementite grains and ∼1

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3

KHODIACHIY, VLADYSLAV, and OLEXANDER NIKITIN. "PARAMETERS OF FLOWS OF GRAIN MATERIALS." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Technical sciences 319, no. 2 (2023): 314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2023-319-1-314-318.

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Solving the issue related to the study of flows of loose materials is due to the development of modern sensors of flow parameters of loose materials. In particular, it can be about flow sensors. This type of sensors is one of the most attractive for use in the control and regulation channels of modern automated production control systems in the agricultural and food industry. The issues considered in this article relate to the mechanics of flows of loose materials. The field of mechanics, which studies the static and dynamic aspects of loose materials, is one of the basic branches of mechanics

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4

Lan, Zhiwen, Hanjie Shao, Lei Zhang, Hong Yan, Mojia Huang, and Tengfei Zhao. "Elastic Constitutive Relationship of Metallic Materials Containing Grain Shape." Crystals 12, no. 12 (2022): 1768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12121768.

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The grain shape and orientation distribution of metal sheets at mesoscales are usually irregular, which has an impact on the elastic properties of metal materials. A grain shape function (GSF) is constructed to represent the shape of grains. The expansion coefficient of GSF on the basis of the Wigner D function is called the shape coefficient. In this paper, we study the influence of average grain shape on the elastic constitutive relation of orthogonal polycrystalline materials, and obtain a new expression of the elastic constitutive relation of polycrystalline materials containing grain shap

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5

Martinkovič, Maroš, and Stefan Vaclav. "Estimation of Local Plastic Deformation of Polycrystalline Materials." Key Engineering Materials 586 (September 2013): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.586.39.

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Final properties of formed steel or another alloy pieces are affected even by plastic deformation of material. Therefore it is needful to know detail structure changes of material under conditions of plastic deformation caused by forming, grinding, drilling etc. Estimation of the deformation based on its observable macroscopic effects doesn’t correspond fully with microscopic structural changes in whole volume of deformed parts and such estimation is quite impossible in case if only surface layers are deformed. It is possible to obtain value of strain by measurement of grain boundary deformati

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6

Nezamabadi, Saeid, Farhang Radjai, Serge Mora, Jean-Yves Delenne, and Mojtaba Ghadiri. "Rheology of soft granular materials: uniaxial compression." EPJ Web of Conferences 249 (2021): 05008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124905008.

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Soft granular materials are assemblies of highly deformable grains interacting via surface forces. The large grain deformations of these materials differ them from hard granular systems, in which, their behaviors are essentially governed by grain rearrangements. In this paper, we study the uniaxial compression of soft granular materials using a numerical approach based on the Material Point Method allowing for large grain deformations, coupled with the Contact Dynamics method for the treatment of unilateral frictional contacts between grains. Considering the neo-Hookean and elasto-plastic grai

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7

Kube, Christopher M. "Elastodynamic property closures of elastic waves in polycrystalline materials." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155, no. 3_Supplement (2024): A290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0027539.

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In polycrystalline materials like many metals, grainy microstructures significantly influence elastodynamics. Bulk waves scattering at grain boundaries cause attenuation and speed variation in waves. This depends on grain characteristics, including local elasticity and spatial properties. These are modeled statistically to homogenize the microstructure or elastodynamic fields, within bounds. For example, the elasticity of a homogenized medium can't exceed that of individual grains. 'Property closure' is the range within which microstructures yield specific properties like Young's modulus. This

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8

Wang, Sheng Yu, Anthony D. Rollett, and Elizabeth A. Holm. "Recrystallized Grain Size in Single Phase Materials." Materials Science Forum 715-716 (April 2012): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.715-716.361.

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During large-strain plastic deformation, subgrain structures typically develop within the grains. At large enough equivalent strains above, say 0.5, recrystallization occurs via abnormal coarsening of the subgrain structure or abnormal (sub-) grain growth (AsGG). The fraction of subgrains that develop into new, recrystallized grains has been quantified as a function of texture spread (Grain Reference Orientation Deviation) using Monte Carlo simulation. When this fraction is combined with the known monotonic increase in mean misorientation with strain, the recrystallized grain size can be predi

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9

Zhang, Ming, Fei Wang, Gu Jie Mouse, Wei Tao Luo, Hong Wu Zhang, and Yao Ru Liu. "Experimental Investigation on the Segregation of Landslide Dam Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 2103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.2103.

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Large landslides usually dam lakes that may easily fail and then result in catastrophic flood threatening the population downstream. The grain size composition within landslide dams is considered as a vital factor that impacts the timing of failure and the resulting magnitude of flood. Therefore, experiments were conducted to investigate the features of size distribution in accumulation bodies. The results indicate that the grain size distribution varies in different parts of the deposits. The inverse grading phenomenon can be observed. Grains in the front of the deposit are coarser, while gra

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10

Abbruzzese, Giuseppe Carlo, and Cristina Forzanti. "Homogeneous Abnormal Grain Growth in Polycrystalline Materials." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 1355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.1355.

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The controversy about the start up of the abnormal growth as heterogeneously engendered in the microstructure or produced by peculiar continuous incubation process has still not been solved. In this work the statistical theory of grain growth has been applied to treat the case of grain growth in the presence of an homogeneously unstable Zener drag. By the simulations presented it will be shown as abnormal grain growth is a result out of a continuous and homogeneous process without requiring any heterogeneity in the microstructure presumed to give local advantages to some grains. The mechanism

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11

Tian, Song Feng, Hong Jian Yu, Ying Guang Liu, Rong Yuan Ju, Xiao Dong Mi, and Xiu Lei Peng. "A Model for Predicting the Failure Behavior of Bimodal Nanocrystalline Materials." Advanced Materials Research 1081 (December 2014): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1081.132.

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Giving a bimodal grain size distribution in nanocrystalline materials can effectively achieve both high strength and high ductility. Here we propose a theoretical model to study the failure behavior of nc materials with bimodal grain size distribution. The dependence of failure properties on grain size distribution were calculated. Numerical results show the strength and ductility of bimodal nanocrystalline materials are sensitive to grain size and the volume fraction of coarse grains.

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12

Liu, Ying Guang, and Jian Qiu Zhou. "Effect of Grain Size Distribution on the Local Mechanical Behavior of Nanocrystalline Materials." Materials Science Forum 682 (March 2011): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.682.153.

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A theoretical model based on self-consistent approximation is proposed to explore the effect of grain size distribution on the local mechanical response of nanocrystalline (nc) materials. The representative volume element (RVE) is composed of grains randomly distributed with a grain size distribution following a log-normal statistical function. The grain interior and grain boundary are taken as an integral object to sustain deformation mechanisms of grain-boundary sliding, grain-boundary diffusion and grain-interior plasticity. Local plastic strains and internal stresses, developing within the

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13

Liu, Ying Guang, Xiao Dong Mi, and Song Feng Tian. "Effect of Grain Size on the Fracture Toughness of Bimodal Nanocrystalline Materials." Advanced Materials Research 936 (June 2014): 400–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.400.

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To research the effect of grain size on the fracture toughness of bimodal nanocrystalline (BNC) materials which are composed of nanocrystalline (NC) matrix and coarse grains, we have developed a theoretical model to study the critical stress intensity factor (which characterizes toughness) of BNC materials by considering a typical case where crack lies at the interface of two neighboring NC grains and the crack tip intersect at the grain boundary of the coarse grain, the cohesive zone size is assumed to be equal to the grain sizedof the NC matrix. Blunting and propagating processes of the crac

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14

Qiu, Hai, Rintaro Ueji, Yuuji Kimura, and Tadanobu Inoue. "Grain-to-Grain Interaction Effect in Polycrystalline Plain Low-Carbon Steel within Elastic Deformation Region." Materials 14, no. 8 (2021): 1865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14081865.

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A grain is surrounded by grains with different crystal orientations in polycrystalline plain low-carbon steel. The grain is constrained by its adjacent grains in the tension process. The interaction of the grain with the adjacent grains was investigated within the elastic deformation region. The following results have been obtained: (1) the Young’s modulus of a grain without consideration of grain-to-grain interaction is denoted as the inherent Young’s modulus; when the inherent Young’s modulus of a grain is equal to the Young’s modulus of the bulk material, there is almost no interaction betw

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15

Tashkinov, A. A., and V. E. Shavshukov. "Elastoplastic interaction of grains in polycrystalline materials." PNRPU Mechanics Bulletin, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/perm.mech/2019.4.17.

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A new method is developed for solving boundary value problems of elastoplastic deformation of polycrystalline materials based on the field-theoretical approach. The boundary value problem for inhomogeneous global strain fields in differential form is transformed into a system of integral equations for mesostrain tensors in grains. In this approach, strain at any point of any grain represented as a superposition of homogeneous macrostrain and contributions of interactions with strain in given grain and all another grains of polycrystalline body . It is shown that the effects of the interaction

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16

E., Bunyak, Valevskaya L., and Sots S. "COMPETITIVENESS OF EXTRUDED GRAINS ON THE BASIS OF GRAIN CEREAL GRAIN." PROGRESSIVE TECHNIQUE AND TECHNOLOGIES OF FOOD PRODUCTION ENTERPRISES, CATERING BUSINESS AND TRADE 2 (28) (December 18, 2018): 90–97. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2396108.

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<em>The assortment of dry breakfasts is very wide and this enables producers to form an assortment depending on the availability of raw materials and production capacities. In Ukraine, the production of dry breakfasts are engaged in more than 20 enterprises. Producers, trying to attract potential buyers, buy new technologies, equipment, create new brands, change the design of packaging. Competition compels the producer to constantly increase capital and improve production, which contributes to the rapid development of productive forces, accompanied by an increase in the scale of production, as

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17

Williams, Aulora, YubRaj Paudel, Shiraz Mujahid, et al. "Crystal Plasticity Modeling to Capture Microstructural Variations in Cold-Sprayed Materials." Crystals 14, no. 4 (2024): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst14040329.

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The high-velocity impact of powder particles in cold-spray additively manufactured (CSAM) parts creates intersplat boundaries with regions of high dislocation densities and sub-grain structures. Upon microstructure and mechanical characterization, CSAM Aluminum 6061 showed non-uniformity with spatial variation in the microstructure and mechanical properties, affecting the overall response of the additively manufactured parts. Post-processing treatments are conducted in as-printed samples to improve particle bonding, relieve residual stresses, and improve mechanical properties. In this work, we

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18

Procházka, Jaroslav, Petr Ponížil, and Ivan Saxl. "Grain Size Estimation in Anisotropic Materials." Materials Science Forum 567-568 (December 2007): 285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.567-568.285.

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The estimation of grain size (volume) by using computer database of tessellations is explained and demonstrated. As model material was selected an anisotropic material formed by compression-moulded pellets of PVC. The pellets were first covered with carbon paste to highlight borders of grains in final specimen and then moulded; their volumes were exactly known. Standard profile and intercept counts were carried out on the planar sections of the specimen and used to estimate the grain size by means of computer database. The obtained estimates were then compared with the known pellet characteris

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19

Hong, Huiseong, Sangpill Lee, Kenjiro Sugio, and Gen Sasaki. "Effect of Sintering Conditions on Properties of Assisted Pressure Sintered Tungsten Materials." Materials Science Forum 1153 (June 25, 2025): 89–94. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-7phzjq.

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This study investigates the mechanical properties and microstructure of sintered tungsten under varying sintering conditions. Bending strength tests revealed that sintering at 1400 °C resulted in low flexural strength due to inadequate temperature, whereas sintered tungsten at 1500 °C exhibited improved strength attributed to grain growth. However, temperatures exceeding 1600 °C led to excessive grain growth and a subsequent decline in strength, indicative of grain coarsening and potential localized bonding. Additionally, analysis of holding times at 1500 °C demonstrated that extended duration

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20

Doerner, Mary F., and Richard L. White. "Materials Issues in Magnetic-Disk Performance." MRS Bulletin 21, no. 9 (1996): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400036332.

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The continued exponential growth in areal density for longitudinal magnetic-recording devices places ever more stringent demands on disk performance. The design of materials and processes must provide the required advances in technology. The magnetic properties are controlled through the choice of underlayers, magnetic alloys, and the deposition processes that control crystallographic orientation and magnetic isolation between grains. The requirement of lower head-disk spacing places increasing stress on the tribological performance of the disks, controlled by a very thin overcoat and lubrican

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21

Kozlov, Eduard, Nina Koneva, and N. A. Popova. "Dislocation and Diffusion Deformation Mechanisms of Ultrafine Grained Materials." Materials Science Forum 633-634 (November 2009): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.633-634.121.

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Deformation mechanisms of polycrystals as a function of the grain size in the 1nm…1cm interval are studied in this paper. The critical grain sizes are identified. Activity of dislocation and diffusion mechanisms is analyzed. The distribution of deformation in grains with different sizes within the same polycrystal is considered.

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22

Victoria Giraldo, Juan Camilo, Bing Tie, Jérôme Laurent, Alain Lhémery, and Denis Solas. "Theoretical analysis of the dimensionality of ultrasonic attenuation in polycrystalline materials with elongated grains." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2822, no. 1 (2024): 012181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2822/1/012181.

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Abstract In the present work, the grain scattering-induced attenuation coefficient is obtained for longitudinal bulk waves in untextured cubic polycrystalline materials with elongated grains using proposed 2D and 3D theoretical models. These models are obtained based on previously developed 2D and 3D models for equiaxed grains. Comparison of the 2D and 3D models allows an analysis of the dimensionality of grain scattering-induced attenuation, which involves more complex mechanisms with elongated grains. In the higher stochastic scattering regime, both 3D and 2D longitudinal attenuations are fo

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23

Stepanenko, Serhii, Viktor Dnes, Andriy Borys, Alvian Kuzmych, and Daryna Volyk. "Algorithm of Digital Identification of Grain Materials." National Interagency Scientific and Technical Collection of Works. Design, Production and Exploitation of Agricultural Machines, no. 54 (2024): 153–59. https://doi.org/10.32515/2414-3820.2024.54.153-159.

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The article examines the application of machine vision technologies to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of grain material identification during post-harvest processing. It has been determined that traditional grain quality control methods, including visual, microbiological, and chemical tests, have significant limitations in identifying impurities, especially those similar in physical and visual characteristics. In response to these challenges, a digital grain identification algorithm based on machine vision and machine learning methods is proposed. The algorithm allows for rapid and accura

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24

Rejovitzky, Elisha. "A mesoscopic model for compression of granular materials." EPJ Web of Conferences 183 (2018): 01054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818301054.

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The design of protective structures often requires numerical modeling of shock-wave propagation in the surrounding soils. Properties of the soil such as grain-grading and water-fraction may vary spatially around a structure and among different sites. To better understand how these properties affect wave propagation we study how the meso-structure of soils affects their equation of state (EOS). In this work we present a meso-mechanical model for granular materials based on a simple representation of the grains as solid spheres. Grain-grading is prescribed, and a packing algorithm is used to obt

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YADOLLAHPOUR, M., S. ZIAEI-RAD, and F. KARIMZADEH. "FINITE ELEMENT MODELING OF DAMPING CAPACITY IN NANO-CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS." International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 01, no. 03 (2010): 421–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793962310000237.

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Plastic deformation of materials is a major source of energy dissipation during external loading. In nano-crystalline (NC) materials, local plastic strain may arise even if the overall external load is below the yield stress of the material because of the grain structure. In this paper, the damping capacity of nano-crystalline materials is modeled by considering the grain structure. First, the grains are modeled by using a composite model. The composite model takes each oriented crystal and its immediate boundary to form a pair. Next, the finite element method in conjunction with the composite

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26

Petrich, Lukas, Jakub Staněk, Mingyan Wang, et al. "Reconstruction of Grains in Polycrystalline Materials From Incomplete Data Using Laguerre Tessellations." Microscopy and Microanalysis 25, no. 3 (2019): 743–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927619000485.

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AbstractFar-field three-dimensional X-ray diffraction microscopy allows for quick measurement of the centers of mass and volumes of a large number of grains in a polycrystalline material, along with their crystal lattice orientations and internal stresses. However, the grain boundaries—and, therefore, individual grain shapes—are not observed directly. The present paper aims to overcome this shortcoming by reconstructing grain shapes based only on the incomplete morphological data described above. To this end, cross-entropy (CE) optimization is employed to find a Laguerre tessellation that mini

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Zhou, Bo, Ji Wei Li, and Peng Shuai. "Effect of Grain Orientation Distribution on Anisotropy of Idealized Granular Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.24.

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Abstract. The regular grain orientation of granular materials is a common phenomenon in nature. Based on the research of grain shape effect on mechanical property of granular materials, two kinds of idealized shape grain (kind of long rod and square) assemblies with different grain orientation were studied by simulated biaxial compression test using Discrete Element Method. The significant orientation which can be computed as the mean value of all grain orientation is introduced to represent the orientation regularity of granular materials. In order to study the anisotropy, the mobilized frict

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Celiński, Maciej, Agnieszka Gajek, and Michał Gloc. "Fire and explosive properties of plant materials used in the production of compound feed." Occupational Safety – Science and Practice 570, no. 3 (2019): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.1051.

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Extremely large scale of grain processing leads to a very high risk of incidents related to fire or dust explosion. Only in 2018 there were several outbreaks associated with the storage and transport of grain materials, the largest of which took place in May in South Sioux City, Nebraska. Poland is one of the largest grain producers in Europe and in the world. The annual grain production in Poland is about 35 million tons, including about 10 million tons of wheat, 5 million tons of triticale, 4 million tons of barley and 1.5 million tons of oats. Such an amount of grain material means that the

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Watanabe, Tadao. "SEM-ECP Analysis of Grain-Boundary Character Distribution in Polycrystalline Materials." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 54 (August 11, 1996): 354–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100164234.

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As demonstrated early 1980’s (1), the scanning electron rnicrocopy-electron channelling pattern (SEM-ECP) technique is very powerful in determination of orientation of individual grains and the character of grain boundaries in polycrystalline materials. Figure 1(a) and (b) show SEM and ECP images of a grain boundary in polycrystal line iron-6.5 mass % silicon ribbon produced by rapid solidification and subsequent annealing. We can intuitively recognize from the SEM-ECP image that the character of the boundary is of <100> tilt type with about 7° misorientation angle. This kind of direct o

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Oddershede, Jette, Søren Schmidt, Henning Friis Poulsen, Henning Osholm Sørensen, Jonathan Wright, and Walter Reimers. "Determining grain resolved stresses in polycrystalline materials using three-dimensional X-ray diffraction." Journal of Applied Crystallography 43, no. 3 (2010): 539–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889810012963.

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An algorithm is presented for characterization of the grain resolved (type II) stress states in a polycrystalline sample based on monochromatic X-ray diffraction data. The algorithm is a robust 12-parameter-per-grain fit of the centre-of-mass grain positions, orientations and stress tensors including error estimation and outlier rejection. The algorithm is validated by simulations and by two experiments on interstitial free steel. In the first experiment, using only a far-field detector and a rotation range of 2 × 110°, 96 grains in one layer were monitored during elastic loading and unloading

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Zhao, Jiuhui, Yunlai Deng, Fushun Xu, and Jin Zhang. "Effects of Initial Grain Size of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy on the Recrystallization Behavior and Recrystallization Mechanism in Isothermal Compression." Metals 9, no. 2 (2019): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9020110.

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Fine-grained (average gain size 3.8 μm) and coarse-grained (average gain size 24.9 μm) Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys were subjected to isothermal compression at 10−3 s−1 and temperature ranges from 300 °C to 450 °C. The grain structures after isothermal compression were observed by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The results show that the continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) mechanism dominated to form sub-grains in grain interiors during isothermal compression of coarse-grained materials, and sub-grains were gradually developed in grain interiors as the effective strain increased. Discon

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Zhou, Jian Qiu, Ying Wang, and Shu Zhang. "Effect of Grain Rotation on the Strain-Softening Behavior in Nanocrystalline Materials." Advanced Materials Research 311-313 (August 2011): 516–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.311-313.516.

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We postulated a softening model involving grain rotation that results in diffusion-accommodated grain-boundary sliding. This numerical model was used to compute the proportion evolution of grains within shear bands and was also employed to predict the softening of nanocrystalline materials considering non-homogeneous plastic deformation due to shear bands. The effect of softening mechanism for total stress-strain relation and the grain size and mean maximum Schmid factor effect was also considered in our model.

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Sob, P. Baonhe, A. Alfayo Alugongo, and T. Ba Bob Tengen. "Stochastic Effect of Grain Elongation on Nanocrystalline Materials Strain and Strain Rate Produced by Accumulative Roll-Bonding and Equal Channel Angular Pressing." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5418769.

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Severe plastic deformation techniques are acknowledged to produce elongated grains during fabrication of nanostructured materials. Previous models relating grain size to mechanical properties considered only equivalent radius, thus ignoring other approaches of measuring grain sizes such as semiminor axis, semimajor axis, and major axis radii that determine true grain shape. In this paper, stochastic models of nanomaterials mechanical properties that include the ignored parameters have been proposed. The proposed models are tested with data from nanocrystalline aluminum samples. The following f

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Mei, Li-Then, Hsing-I. Hsiang, and Hui-Wen Ye. "A Novel Low-Temperature-Fired Multifunctional Varistor-Magnetic Ferrite Materials." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2012, CICMT (2012): 000641–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/cicmt-2012-tha42.

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A novel low temperature-fired (950°C) multifunctional varistor-magnetic ferrite materials can be obtained by adding V2O5 into CuCr0.2Fe1.8O4 ferrites. The relationship between the grain-boundary composition and varistor properties were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy (XPS). The addition of V2O5 can effectively reduce the sintering temperature of CuCr0.2Fe1.8O4 ferrites to temperatures of lower than 950°C. Moreover, the V5+ ions occupied the octahedral site o

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Kupková, Miriam, and Martin Kupka. "On the Indentation Modulus of Sintered Materials." Key Engineering Materials 586 (September 2013): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.586.190.

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When the depth-sensing (nano)indentation is applied to sintered samples, measured properties, which are expected to represent the material of an individual grain, seem to depend on the overall porosity of the macroscopic sample. To understand such a result, it is assumed that while the nanoindenter penetrates into the surface grain and probes the properties of its material, the grain itself serves as another, larger indenter indenting the rest of sample and probing the properties that represent the bulk of material rather than individual grains. Load vs. displacement curve reflects the synerge

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Xie, Qingge, Junhe Lian, Fengwei Sun, Bin Gan, and Yandong Wang. "The lattice strain ratio in characterizing the grain-to-grain interaction effect and its specific insight on the plastic deformation of polycrystalline materials." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 53, no. 5 (2018): 353–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309324718770935.

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A single grain can contract or expand in the transverse direction when it is stretched. It becomes complex when the single grain is embedded in a stretched polycrystal, due to the grain neighborhood effect, which can outweigh the lateral contraction/expansion of that grain itself. Here, we performed numerical simulations to elucidate such grain-to-grain interaction effects on the lattice strain behavior. For individual grains in a polycrystal, pseudo Poisson’s ratio is defined. Ratios of Poisson’s ratio over pseudo Poisson’s ratio were employed to indicate the difference between the cases of t

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Hao, Song, and Chuan Zhen Huang. "Three-Dimensional Simulation of Nano-Composite Ceramic Tool Materials." Advanced Materials Research 1052 (October 2014): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1052.86.

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A phase field model of three-phase composite ceramic tool materials with two kinds of nanoparticles is set up in this research. The three-dimensional simulation algorithm is modified and a new efficient algorithm is established. The microstructure evolution of three-phase nanoceramic tool materials is more efficiently and successfully simulated in 200x200x200 unit size. Microstructure evolution of single-phase and three-phase ceramic tool materials is simulated respectively. It can be found that the peak value of grain size distribution for three-phase nanoceramic tool material is smaller than

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Stolbovsky, Alexey V. "Advanced Statistical Analysis of Grain Structure in Single-Phase Materials Nanostructured by High-Pressure Torsion." Solid State Phenomena 299 (January 2020): 376–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.299.376.

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Elaboration of statistical analysis of grain structure in bulk single-phase metal materials, subjected to high-pressure torsion, is proposed. The method includes a combination of logarithmic standard distribution and Gauss distribution, in order to improve fitting of histograms of grain size distribution by the statistical model. The possibility of division of grain structure into different groups, taking into account specific features of distributions in every group, is demonstrated. The use of calculated parameters of grain size distributions is proposed to identify groups of grains by their

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Reischig, Péter, Andrew King, Laura Nervo, et al. "Advances in X-ray diffraction contrast tomography: flexibility in the setup geometry and application to multiphase materials." Journal of Applied Crystallography 46, no. 2 (2013): 297–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889813002604.

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Diffraction contrast tomography is a near-field diffraction-based imaging technique that provides high-resolution grain maps of polycrystalline materials simultaneously with the orientation and average elastic strain tensor components of the individual grains with an accuracy of a few times 10−4. Recent improvements that have been introduced into the data analysis are described. The ability to process data from arbitrary detector positions allows for optimization of the experimental setup for higher spatial or strain resolution, including high Bragg angles (0 < 2θ < 180°). The geometry r

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Shavva, M. A., and S. V. Grubiy. "Cutting Forces Calculation at Diamond Grinding of Brittle Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 770 (June 2015): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.770.163.

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A method of calculation of cutting forces at diamond grinding of brittle materials is proposed in article. The cutting forces: normal, tangential and fracture, acting to single grain are calculated. Total grinding forces are defined by average number of grain in contact zone. Calculating values of forces are compared with result of experimental approximation of measuring force at grinding of glass-ceramic workpiece. Grinding forces increase with increasing of diamond grains wear and can be indicative of grinding wheel blunting.

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Wei, Peitang, Hao Zhou, Huaiju Liu, Caichao Zhu, Wei Wang, and Guanyu Deng. "Investigation of Grain Refinement Mechanism of Nickel Single Crystal during High Pressure Torsion by Crystal Plasticity Modeling." Materials 12, no. 3 (2019): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12030351.

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The excellent properties of ultra-fine grained (UFG) materials are relevant to substantial grain refinement and the corresponding induced small grains delineated by high-angle grain boundaries. The present study aims to understand the grain refinement mechanism by examining the nickel single crystal processed by high pressure torsion (HPT), a severe plastic deformation method to produce UFG materials based upon crystal plasticity finite element (CPFEM) simulations. The predicted grain maps by the developed CPFEM model are capable of capturing the prominent characteristics associated with grain

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Levin, Ya M., and M. M. Levin. "Materials on the issue of ergot poisoning." Kazan medical journal 29, no. 7 (2022): 547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj89667.

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Everyone knows the black horns that often appear on the ears of rye, instead of grains, which represent the sclerotia of the parasitic fungus Claviceps purpurea. Abundant rains during the period of grain ripening, as well as hailstorms, contribute to a more abundant infection of rye and, to a lesser extent, other grain crops with the aforementioned ergot horns. All these conditions were extremely bright and intense in the Novo-Georgievsk region, where we traced the epidemic of ergotism that arose there. By the beginning of the harvesting campaign, there were no instructions from agronomists ab

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Simões, S., R. Calinas, P. J. Ferreira, F. Viana, M. T. Vieira, and M. F. Vieira. "TEM and SEM in-situ annealing of nanocrystalline copper thin films." Microscopy and Microanalysis 14, S3 (2008): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927608089368.

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Materials mechanical resistance is known to depend on the size of structural features, accordingly to the familiar HallPetch equation. For the nanometer range of grain sizes, this relationship breaks down and a change of the grain size exponent is needed to satisfy this dependency. Nevertheless, the superior strength of the nanocrystalline material relays on the small dimension of its grains. Characterization of the thermal stability of these materials becomes relevant since a large fraction of atoms are in the grain boundaries and, as a result, its structure posses a large excess of energy th

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Serizawa, Hisashi, Seigo Tomiyama, Tsuyoshi Hajima, and Hidekazu Murakawa. "Development of Numerical Tool for Analysis of Microstructural Fracture Behavior in Smart & Intelligent Materials." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 2002–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.2002.

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As a numerical tool for examining the microstructural fracture behavior in the smart and intelligent materials, a finite element method with the interface element was developed and the applicability of this method was studied through the serial computations using virtual polycrystalline models. As the results assuming the influence of grain orientation on the grain boundary, it was found that the anisotropic mechanical property of grain boundary (interaction between opening and slipping deformations) would be a dominant factor of the fracture process. Also, by employing the theory of crystal p

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Jiang, Hao, Zongyue Fan, Jian Lu, and Bo Li. "Micromechanical Studies of Strain Rate Dependent Compressive Strength in Brittle Polycrystalline Materials." International Journal of Computational Methods 16, no. 04 (2019): 1844011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876218440115.

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We propose a novel computational model for the high fidelity prediction of failure mechanisms in brittle polycrystalline materials. A three-dimensional finite element model of the polycrystalline structure is reconstructed to explicitly account for the micro-features such as grain sizes, grain orientations, and grain boundary misorientations. Grain boundaries are explicitly represented by a thin layer of elements with non-zero misorientation angles. In addition, the Eigen-fracture algorithm is employed to predict the crack nucleation and propagation in the grain structure. In the framework of

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Liu, L. M., Wei Chen, M. G. Zhu, L. Y. Nie, Ai Jun Li, and J. J. Hu. "Exchange-Coupling Interaction and Effective Anisotropy in Two-Phase Nanocomposite Permanent Magnetic Materials." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 2173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.2173.

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Using the part exchange-coupling model, the exchange-coupling interaction between magnetically soft and hard grains in Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe nanocomposite and its effect on the effective anisotropy of the material have been investigated. By testing six different functions, series curves of effective anisotropy constant versus the mean grain size were obtained. The calculation results show that the effective anisotropy of the composite increases slightly with decreasing grain size, reaches the maximum at about 23nm, and then decreases abruptly. The calculated curves resemble the experimental results of

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Garmestani, H., P. Kalu, K. Mehr, and D. Dingley. "Microstructural characterization of AL-8900 superplastic materials using orientation imaging microscopy." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100136519.

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Electron Backscattered Pattern (EBSP) technique has been shown to be an effective tool for measuring lattice orientation of bulk polycrystalline materials in an SEM. Automation of this technique through Orientation Imaging Microscopy (OIM) opened a new era of materials characterization which had only existed using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) for thin foil specimens. Investigation of grain orientation and grain to grain misorientation are among a number of parameters which are crucial in studying the mechanisms of deformation in materials, especially superplastic materials. The micro

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Sabine, TM. "Extinction in Polycrystalline Materials." Australian Journal of Physics 38, no. 3 (1985): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph850507.

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An expression is given for an extinction factor appropriate to powders composed of spherical perfect crystal grains or subgrains. This factor extrapolates to the dynamical theory value for the plane parallel plate in the symmetric Bragg case. Experimental tests of the theory have been made by nelitron diffraction experiments on polycrystalline specimens of MgO of controlled grain size. Agreement is excellent to an extinction level of y = 0�60.

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Kryder, Mark H. "Recent advances and opportunities in magnetic recording materials." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 51 (August 1, 1993): 1010–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100150885.

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Recording densities in magnetic recording products manufactured today are of the order of 200 Mbit/in. However, it is projected that densities as high as 10 Gbit/in will be achieved in the future. To achieve this, substantial improvements in the thin film magnetic materials used for magnetic heads and media are required.To support higher recording density in thin film media, it is necessary to increase the coercivity, while simultaneously achieving small grain size and small intergranular coupling. To achieve high coercivity, materials with large magnetocrystalline anisotropy are used, while t

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50

Logé, Roland E., M. Bernacki, H. Resk, H. Digonnet, and T. Coupez. "Numerical Modelling of Plastic Deformation and Subsequent Recrystallization in Polycrystalline Materials, Based on a Digital Material Framework." Materials Science Forum 558-559 (October 2007): 1133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.558-559.1133.

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The development of a digital material framework is presented, allowing to build virtual microstructures in agreement with experimental data. The construction of the virtual material consists in building a multi-level Voronoï tessellation. A polycrystalline microstructure made of grains and sub-grains can be obtained in a random or deterministic way. A corresponding finite element mesh can be generated automatically in 3D, and used for the simulation of mechanical testing under large strain. In the examples shown in this work, the initial mesh was non uniform and anisotropic, taking into accoun

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