To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Grain storage pests.
Journal articles on the topic 'Grain storage pests'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Grain storage pests.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Stejskal, V., J. Hubert, Z. Kučerová, Z. Munzbergová, J. Lukáš, and E. Žďárková. "The influence of the type of storage on pest infestation of stored grain in the Czech Republic." Plant, Soil and Environment 49, No. 2 (2011): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4090-pse.
Full textAbstract:
Stored-product pests cause high economic losses by feeding on stored grain and endanger the public health by contamination of food by allergens. Therefore, the aim of this work was to explore whether the risk of infestation of stored grain by pests is different in various types of storage premises. We compared the level of infestation and the pest species composition in the two main types of grain stores in Central Europethat includes horizontal flat-stores (HFS) and vertical silo-stores (elevators) (VSS). A total of 147 grain stores located in Bohemia, CzechRepublicwas inspected. We found that both types of stores were infested with arthropods of three main taxonomic groups: mites (25 species, 120 000 individuals), psocids (8 species, 5 600 individuals) and beetles (23 species, 4 500 individuals). We found that VSS and HFS differ in species composition of mites, psocids and beetles. However, the primary grain pests (i.e. Lepidoglyphus destructor, Acarus siro, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Lachesilla pedicularia, Sitophilus oryzae, Rhyzopertha dominica, Oryzaephilus surinamensis and Cryptolestes ferrugineus) occurred in both types of stores. The only exception was higher frequency and abundance of two serious beetle-pests (Tribolium castaneum, Sitophilus granarius) in HFS than in VSS. The total numbers of mite and beetle species infesting VSS and HFS was almost the same. There was higher psocid species diversity in VSS than in HFS. The difference between the total (i.e. level of pest infestation per kg of grain sample) numbers of mite and psocid individuals collected from VSS and HFS was not significant. However, the total numbers of beetle-pest individuals collected from HFS was twice the amount collected from VSS. We concluded that both types of stores are equally risky in terms of mite and psocid infestation. HFS is more risky for grain storage than VSS in terms of beetle infestations, although even the VSS structures cannot be in no way called pest-safe. The VSS and HFS microclimatic conditions (humidity, temperature) are discussed in relation to mite, psocid and beetle infestation.
2
Chapman, R. B., J. W. M. Marris, and J. B. Drummond. "Survey of insect pests of stored grain in New Zealand." New Zealand Plant Protection 69 (January 8, 2016): 285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2016.69.5898.
Full textAbstract:
Producers and processors of cereal grains in New Zealand were invited in August 2015 to submit grain samples to allow extraction and identification of any insect pest species present Sixty grain samples were received of which 73 were infested with one or more insect species These were predominantly Coleoptera and Psocoptera The most frequently encountered beetle species were Oryzaephilus surinamensis Cryptolestes ferrugineus and Cortinicara hirtalis The Psocoptera were predominantly unidentified species of Liposcelis Sitophilus species and lepidopteran pests were notable by their absence The proportion of storage facilities infested by insects in this survey (73) was higher than two previous surveys (38 5063) and the proportion of storage facilities treated with insecticides (62) was lower than a previous survey (83)
3
Tefera, Tadele, Addis Teshome, and Charles Singano. "Effectiveness of Improved Hermetic Storage Structures Against Maize Storage Insect Pests Sitophilus zeamais and Prostephanus truncatus." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 8 (2018): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n8p100.
Full textAbstract:
A study was conducted for 12 months to evaluate the effectiveness of two improved hermetic storage structures against two maize storage pests Sitophilus zeamais and Prostephanus truncatus at Liwufu Research Station, Malawi. The storages were metal silo and hermetic bag; Actellic super dust was included as a control. The treatments (storages) were replicated four times under natural and artificial infestations. Grain stored in metal silo had the lowest mean percentage weight loss, 1.04% to 1.25%, 12 months after storage followed by hermetic bag, 2.46% to 6.64%. Grain treated with Actellic super had the highest weight loss, 4.86% to 18.72%. The study showed that hermetic storage structures can be promoted as effective alternative non-chemical methods of grain storage for small holder farmers in Malawi.
4
Bhandari, Ghanashyam, Bhuddhi Bahadur Achhami, Tika Bahadur Karki, Balram Bhandari, and Gopal Bhandari. "Survey on maize post-harvest losses and its management practices in the western hills of Nepal." Journal of Maize Research and Development 1, no. 1 (2015): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmrd.v1i1.14247.
Full textAbstract:
A survey was conducted in order to assess the losses of maize under farmers’ storage conditions in the Western hills of Nepal in 2014. The survey area included Thanapati Village Development Committee (VDC) of Gulmi, Aalamdebi VDC of Syangja, Khasauli VDC of Palpa and Baglung municipality-12, Baglung district. Primary information was collected through semi-structured questionnaires among the heterogenous groups of the farming communities. Survey revealed that about 61% respondents reported the storage pest as the major pests and about 12% respondents reported that field pests as the major pests in the western hills. Maize weevil (Sitophylus zeamais Mostsch.) and Angoumois grain moth (Sitotroga cerealella Oliv.) were found to be major storage insect pests in surveyed areas. Majority of respondents (39%) presumed on 10-20% losses during storage. Among the other biotic factors, farmers ranked insect (42%), weeds (32%) and diseases (17%) respectively. Maize storage methods had distinct among the surveyed areas compared with Baglung district to other surveyed areas. In Baglung, about (73%) farmers had stored maize in the form of grain whereas in Palpa, Gulmi and Syangja, about (77%) farmers had practice of storing maize with husk for 5-7 months. Approximately, 40% respondents were using open floor in upper stair “Aanti”as a major maize storage place in Palpa, Gulmi and Syangja whereas almost (79%) of respondents were using sacks to store shelled grains in Baglung. Hence, there is ample opportunity to reduce the storage losses of maize depending upon the existing situation.Journal of Maize Research and Development (2015) 1(1):98-105DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.34288
5
Baoua, I. B., L. Amadou, M. Abdourahmane, O. Bakoye, D. Baributsa, and L. L. Murdock. "Grain storage and insect pests of stored grain in rural Niger." Journal of Stored Products Research 64 (October 2015): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2015.04.007.
Full text
6
Serednyak, D. P., and V. P. Fedorenko. "Species composition of pests of grain stocks in storage of grain." Interdepartmental Thematic Scientific Collection of Plant Protection and Quarantine, no. 62 (September 3, 2016): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/1606-9773.2016.62.221-231.
Full textAbstract:
Analyzed the phytosanitary condition of warehouses and silos for storage of grain and grain products. The species composition of the most common pests of grain stocks in different granaries. The results of studies, identified the dominant species.
7
Serednyak, D. P., and V. P. Fedorenko. "Species composition of pests of grain stocks in storage of grain." Interdepartmental Thematic Scientific Collection of Plant Protection and Quarantine, no. 62 (September 3, 2016): 361–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/1606-9773.2016.62.361-370.
Full textAbstract:
Analyzed the phytosanitary condition of warehouses and silos for storage of grain and grain products. The species composition of the most common pests of grain stocks in different granaries. The results of studies, identified the dominant species.
8
Drummond, J. B., J. W. M. Marris, and T. Brooker. "Insect pests in stored grain: a Canterbury example." New Zealand Plant Protection 70 (July 31, 2017): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2017.70.82.
Full textAbstract:
Grain samples were collected from storage facilities of cereal grain producers throughout Canterbury, New Zealand to determine levels of insect pest infestation. Collection followed a preliminary survey in 2015/16 where growers were invited to submit grain samples. It was possible that producers were more likely to send samples if they suspected insect infestation. To eliminate any survey sampling bias in the 2016/17 survey, 42 cereal grain producers were randomly selected. Fifty-eight grain samples were collected from 42 storage facilities, of which 77% were infested with one or more insect species. These were predominantly Coleoptera and Psocoptera. The most frequently encountered beetle species were Orzyaephilis surinamensis and Cryptolestes species. In contrast to the 2015/16 survey, a Sitophilus (weevil) species was recorded for the rst time. The proportion of storage facilities infested by insects (77%) was similar to the 2015/16 survey (73%) but higher than two previous surveys in 1971 (38%) and 1979 (50—63%). The proportion of storage facilities treated with insecticides (79%) was similar to the 1979 survey (83%) but greater than the preliminary 2015/16 survey (62%). Results indicate that insect pests of stored grain remain a signi cant risk for grain producers.
9
Kostyukovsky, Moshe, Anatoly Trostanetsky, and Elazar Quinn. "Novel approaches for integrated grain storage management." Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 63, no. 1 (2016): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07929978.2016.1159410.
Full textAbstract:
The solution of the global food crisis and improvement of the food security situation may be reached by increasing food production and prevention of losses during the food supplying chain. Most of the scientific efforts so far have aimed to increase the yield of agricultural crops. However, food losses during storage and the supply chain may reach levels of 20–40%. One of the most significant factors responsible for the global food crisis is grain losses during storage that are largely caused by pest insects. Today, there are two main chemical methods used for stored product insect pest control: fumigation and grain protection by contact insecticides. For both these methods phyto-sanitarian, health, and ecological disadvantages are well documented. Therefore, the global current tendency is to prevent/decrease the common wide use of chemical insecticides with high toxicity to humans for pest control in foods. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of alternative eco-friendly approaches for insect pest control in order to prevent grain quantity losses and the quality degradation of stored grain and dry food caused by insect pests. In this article, we propose an integrated protection approach which includes prevention measures, systematic inspection and monitoring for grain storage risk factors; use of eco-friendly protectants and volatiles; and improved technologies for currently used fumigants. Implementation of this approach in Israel resulted in a dramatic reduction in grain losses to less than 0.5%.
10
Bondarenko, I. V., N. P. Sekun, and O. G. Vlasova. "The pests of grain of spiked cultures during storage." Interdepartmental Thematic Scientific Collection of Plant Protection and Quarantine, no. 62 (September 3, 2016): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/1606-9773.2016.62.64-71.
Full textAbstract:
The results of monitoring of species composition and relative quantity insects and mites — pests and polluters of grain of spiked cultures during storage were presented. Detected 80 species of insects and mites, which belong to two classes, 7 orders and 30 families. The dominant species among them were identified. It was agreed, that level of occupancy and contamination of grain related to the temperature and moisture of environment, grain and stored culture.
11
Mu, Zhenya, Jin Wang, Yan Zhang, Xiaozhe Qi, Li Li, and Jinying Chen. "Effect of Temperature Gradient of Grain Storage on Migration and Distribution of Three Pests." Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2, no. 7 (2021): 632–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37871/jbres1289.
Full textAbstract:
Temperature gradients were set at the opposite sides of the grain storage: 25°C-30°C, 20°C-30°C, 20°C-35°C, 30°C-30°C. The migration and distribution of imago of Sitophilus oryzae, Rhizopertha dominica and Tribolium castaneum in the grain storage were observed. The results showed significant differences that the distribution trends of imago of Sitophilus oryzae, Rhizopertha dominica and Tribolium castaneum within a certain grain storage temperature gradient (p < 0.05). The temperature gradient of grain storage is 25°C-30°C. Tribolium castaneum tends to gather in the 30°C side area of grain storage, while Sitophilus oryzae has no obvious trend, while Rhizopertha dominica tends to gather in the 25°C. The temperature gradient of grain storage is 20°C-30°C. Both Tribolium castaneum and Sitophilus oryzae tend to gather in the 30°C side area of grain storage, while Rhizopertha dominica tends to gather in the 20°C. The temperature gradient of grain storage is 20°C-35°C. Tribolium castaneum, Sitophilus oryzae and Rhizopertha dominica all tend to gather in the area on the side of grain storage at 35°C. The temperature gradient of grain storage is 30°C-30°C, and there is no obvious trend for Tribolium castaneum. Rhizopertha dominica tends to gather in the 30°C area on the left side of grain storage, while Sitophilus oryzae tends to gather in the 30°C area on the right side of grain storage. After cooling down, it was found that Sitophilus oryzae tended to gather in the center of the grain storage, while the Tribolium castaneum had no obvious trend, and the Rhizopertha dominica tended to gather in the peripheral area of the grain storage.
12
ZAMBIASI, MILENA ANA, PAULO RICARDO DE JESUS RIZZOTTO JÚNIOR, RAFAEL GOMES DIONELLO, LAURI LOURENÇO RADUNZ, and INDIANARA MULLER. "PHYSICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL QUALITY OF CORN KERNELS DURING STORAGE AS A FUNCTION OF PRE-CLEANING." Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo 19 (June 23, 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18512/rbms2020v19e1159.
Full textAbstract:
Maize is the most cultivated and consumed cereal in Brazil, which is the world’s third largest producer of this grain. Estimated losses due to pest attack, especially pest insects and fungi, represent approximately 10% of the total production. The pre-cleaning phase allows the reduction of foreign matters and impurities (IM) present in the grains, which are used as food and shelter for stored grain pests. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of pre-cleaning on the physical and technological quality of corn kernels, during bulk storage in a silo-dryer. The grains were harvested with a combine harvester, at a moisture content of around 17% and 0.84% of IM. Part of the grains was submitted to pre-cleaning and subsequently stored in a silo, while the other part was directly stored in a silo-dryer. After pre-cleaning, the grains were sent to the silo-dryer with 0.12% of IM. Drying was carried out by blowing natural air through the grain and the process was completed when the grains reached approximately 12% moisture content. It was concluded that pre-cleaning provided lower hygroscopic equilibrium moisture, reduced the presence of insect damaged grains, and improved the technological classification of grains during storage.
13
Stejskal, V., R. Aulicky, and Z. Kucerova. "Pest control strategies and damage potential of seed-infesting pests in the Czech stores – a review." Plant Protection Science 50, No. 4 (2014): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10/2014-pps.
Full textAbstract:
This work reviews the historical and current pest risks and research concerning seed storage in the Czech Republic (CR). Stored seed pests (i.e. animals causing injuries to the germ and endosperm) represent a high risk of economic damage due to the high value of seeds coupled with long-term seed storage in small storage units (e.g., boxes, satchels). Rodents represent a significant risk to all types of seeds, especially seeds stored in piles or bags. Mites, psocids, and moths are the main pests of stored grass and vegetable seeds: mites can decrease seed germinability by 52% and psocids caused 9.7% seed weight loss in broken wheat kernels after 3 months of infestation under laboratory conditions. Although beetles (Sitophilus sp., Tribolium sp., Oryzaephilus sp.) and moths (Plodia sp.) are common pests of grain seeds (e.g., wheat, barley, maize), two serious seed pests, Sitotroga cereallela and S. zemays, are rare in the CR. Bruchus pisorum is a common pest of pea seeds, while other Bruchids are rare in the Czech legume seed stores. Currently, the control of seed pests is becoming difficult because the efficient pesticides (e.g., methylbromide, dichlorvos, drinking anticoagulant rodent baits) for seed protection have been lost without the development of adequate substitutes. New research on seed protection in the CR using biological control (mite predators Cheyletus sp.), low pressure, modified atmospheres, and hydrogen cyanide is overviewed.
14
Endshaw, Wondale, and Berhanu Hiruy. "Farmers’ Pest Management Practices of Stored Faba Bean and their Implication to Food Security in Farta District, North West Ethiopia." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 9, no. 4 (2021): 665–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9i4.665-674.3860.
Full textAbstract:
Faba bean is the most important legume grown in Ethiopia. But, insect pests have been causing its substantial loss under farmers’ storages. A survey to assess the farmers’ pest protection practices of stored faba bean was conducted in its selected major growing peasant associations of the Farta District from 4 January 2019 – 15 May 2020. Semi-structured questionnaires and farmers’ participatory discussion were used to conduct the study. Accordingly, the majority of farmers (66.7%) harvested their grain in usual time (in December) fearing insect pests infestation. A substantial proportion of the farmers (25%) used a combination of cultural and botanical methods, followed by botanicals (20.83%) for grains protection. Eucalyptus globlus, Croton macrostachyus and Otostegia tomentosa were the three most commonly used botanicals and suggested to be potent. Threshing was done most commonly by livestock (66.7%), followed by beating with sticks (25%) both of which are not recommended as they might lead to grain losses. The insect infestation level was high in threshed and un-threshed forms of faba beans after 3 and 7 months storage periods, respectively. Consequently, the farmers’ traditional practices were ineffectual for storing beans for longer periods. Therefore, planning pest management strategies of stored beans are desirable.
15
Sedlacek, John D., Paul A. Weston, Bryan D. Price, and Patti L. Rattlingourd. "Survey of Insect Pests in Shelled Corn Stored On-Farm in Kentucky." Journal of Entomological Science 33, no. 2 (1998): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-33.2.171.
Full textAbstract:
Shelled corn stored in metal bins was sampled for insects on farms in the three westernmost crop reporting districts of Kentucky during 1989 and 1990 to identify pest insects present, determine the relative abundance of insect pests, and determine their geographic distributions. Thirty-six species or species groups were found in this survey. The most abundant insects were maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky; Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier); flat grain, rusty grain, and flour mill beetles, Cryptolestes spp.; sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.); foreign grain beetle, Ahasverus advena (Waltl); red and confused flour beetles, Tribolium spp.; and hairy fungus beetle, Typhaea stercorea (L.). Greater densities and numbers of species were caught later during the storage season and greater numbers were captured from the center versus edges of bins. The unexpectedly high abundance and widespread distribution of maize weevil and Angoumois grain moth suggests that greater care needs to be taken to manage these pests because of direct feeding damage and the resulting increased susceptibility of grain to secondary insect pests (e.g., Cryptolestes spp., sawtoothed grain beetle, Tribolium spp., foreign grain beetle, and hairy fungus beetle, which were commonly found) and fungi.
16
Buyantogtokh, P., G. Adyasuren, Ch Enkhbayar, and Ch Myagmar. "RESULTS ON DEVELOPMENT OF MONITORING TOOLS FOR STORAGE GRAIN INSECTS." Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 13, no. 2 (2015): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v13i2.523.
Full textAbstract:
For the purpose of monitoring poisonous insects in storage of grain, flour mills, food industry, and plant originated products it was developed a rapid method to reveal it and insects’ density, distribution, level of harm and control method was determined. Two different pest traps were developed: paper trap and cylinder trap. Results of experimental study showed that these traps were suitable in order to reveal and catch the pests and possible for the use in monitoring studies for the storage poisonous insects. The distribution and density of poisonous insects was established using these traps. The number of caught poisonous insect and their distribution was established by the method of G.A. Zakladnoi and level of harm was determined.Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.13(2) 2014: 84-87
17
Holloway, Joanne C., Gregory J. Daglish, and David G. Mayer. "Spatial Distribution and Flight Patterns of Two Grain Storage Insect Pests, Rhyzopertha dominica (Bostrichidae) and Tribolium castaneum (Tenebrionidae): Implications for Pest Management." Insects 11, no. 10 (2020): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11100715.
Full textAbstract:
The lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica, and the rust red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, are two major beetle pests commonly found infesting stored products worldwide. Both species can cause severe economic damage and their management is complicated by their potential to develop resistance to several of the limited chemical options available. However, pest management strategies can be improved by understanding the ecology of the pest insect. To determine the spatiotemporal activity of R. dominica and T. castaneum, we conducted a trapping study over two years in a temperate region of south-eastern Australia, with traps located near grain storages and fields. We captured higher numbers of R. dominica than T. castaneum, and both species were more prevalent in traps located close to grain storages. Similar and consistent seasonal patterns were displayed by both species with activity ceasing during the winter (June–August) months. We found linear correlations between maximum daily temperatures and trap catches, and minimum threshold temperatures for flight activity were 14.5 °C and 15.6 °C for R. dominica and T. castaneum, respectively. The results are discussed in relation to the ecology of these pests along with their implications for pest management.
18
Likhayo, Paddy, Anani Y. Bruce, Tadele Tefera, and Jones Mueke. "Maize Grain Stored in Hermetic Bags: Effect of Moisture and Pest Infestation on Grain Quality." Journal of Food Quality 2018 (November 4, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2515698.
Full textAbstract:
Maize (Zea mays) is an important staple food crop produced by the majority of smallholder farmers that provides household food security through direct consumption and income generation. However, postharvest grain losses caused by insect pests during storage pose a major constraint to household food security. Hermetic storage technology is an alternative method that minimises postharvest losses by depleting oxygen and increasing carbon dioxide levels within the storage container through metabolic respiration of the grains, insects, and microorganism. Maize grain was stored for 180 days in hermetic bags or open-weave polypropylene bags to compare quality preservation when subject to initial grain moisture contents of 12, 14, 16, and 18 percent and infestation by Sitophilus zeamais. The moisture content of grain in hermetic bags remained unchanged while in polypropylene bags decreased. Dry grains (12% moisture content) stored well in hermetic bags and suffered 1.2% weight loss while for equivalent grains in polypropylene bags the weight loss was 35.8%. Moist grains (18% moisture content) recorded the lowest insect density (7 adults/kg grain) in hermetic bags while polypropylene bags had the highest (1273 adults/kg grain). Hermetic and polypropylene bags recorded the lowest (0–4 adults/kg grain) and highest (16–41 adults/kg grain) Prostephanus truncatus population, respectively. Discoloured grains were 4, 6, and 12 times more in grains at 14, 16, and 18 than 12 percent moisture content in hermetic bags. Grains at 18% moisture content recorded significantly lower oxygen (10.2%) and higher carbon dioxide (18.9%) levels. Holes made by P. truncatus in the hermetic bags were observed. In conclusion, storage of moist grains (14–18% moisture content) in hermetic bags may pose health risk due to grain discolouration caused by fungal growth that produces mycotoxins if the grains enter the food chain. The study was on only one site which was hot and dry and further investigation under cool, hot, and humid conditions is required.
19
Kandel, Pragya, Kabita Kharel, Anastasia Njoroge, et al. "On-Farm Grain Storage and Challenges in Bagmati Province, Nepal." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (2021): 7959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147959.
Full textAbstract:
Farmers in Nepal lose up to one-third of stored grain to pests and diseases. This results in food insecurity and loss of income. To mitigate these losses, farmers use several approaches including pesticide applications on stored grains. We interviewed 241 farmers in Bagmati Province, Nepal, to assess the current on-farm grain storage practices and challenges to improve postharvest management. The results show that rice was the most stored crop (median 1150 kg). About half of farmers stored for at least nine months and grain was mainly used for home consumption. Grain was stored by 66.5 and 69.8% of farmers in granaries (rice) and plastic drums (legumes), respectively. Insects were the most important challenge during storage, and farmers used pesticides to control them. Farmers were more likely to use insecticide on grain (p = 0.000) if they stored rice, used traditional granaries, and had insect damage during storage. The use of improved storage methods (e.g., hermetic bags) was very low for rice (3.5%). There is a need to improve on-farm grain storage by disseminating storage innovations to address postharvest challenges in important crops such as rice.
20
Cui, Kaidi, Leiming He, Guangrui Cui, et al. "Biological Activity of trans-2-Hexenal Against the Storage Insect Pest Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Mycotoxigenic Storage Fungi." Journal of Economic Entomology 114, no. 2 (2021): 979–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toab001.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Grain commodities in postharvest storage often deteriorate because of fungal and insect attacks. With the green consumption requirements of consumers, ecofriendly and safe pesticides are needed for grain storage. The current study investigated the efficacy of the plant volatile compound trans-2-hexenal against the storage insect pest Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and three commonly occurring storage fungi, viz., Fusarium graminearum, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus niger, to recommend its application as a botanical fumigant for grain commodities. trans-2-Hexenal weakly repels T. castaneum but has favorable insecticidal activity against multiple developmental stages of T. castaneum, ranging in sensitivity as follows: eggs (LC50 = 14.3 µl/l) > adults (31.6 µl/l) > young larvae (42.1 µl/l) > mature larvae (64.5 µl/l) > pupae (70.5 µl/l). Moreover, trans-2-hexenal caused a high malformation rate and high mortality in adults developed from fumigated pupae. In a 7-d grain, trans-2-hexenal at 0.8 µl/ml provided an appreciable efficacy (81.3%), and concentrations ≥ 0.1 µl/ml completely inhibited the offspring of T. castaneum. trans-2-Hexenal was nonphytotoxic to the seed germination and seedling growth of wheat seeds. Furthermore, trans-2-hexenal completely inhibited the growth of A. flavus, F. graminearum, and A. niger at 5, 10, and 10 µl/l, respectively. The favorable biological activity of trans-2-hexenal against T. castaneum and three frequently occurring mycotoxigenic storage fungi indicated the potential of trans-2-hexenal for simultaneously controlling pests and pathogens, which could reduce its application frequency in grains and decrease pesticide resistance risks.
21
Olorunfemi, Bayode Julius, and Sunday Emmanuel Kayode. "Post-Harvest Loss and Grain Storage Technology- A Review." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 9, no. 1 (2021): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9i1.75-83.3714.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this write up is to explore technological developments in the area of post-harvest grain storage techniques. Post-harvest losses occur between harvest and the moment of human consumption. They include on-farm losses, such as when grain is threshed, winnowed, and dried, as well as losses along the chain during transportation, storage, and processing. Use of traditional grain storage facilities such as cribs, improved rhombus, and brick bins are ineffective against mold and insects already present in the grain before storage. While plastic bins reduce insect pests’ infestation, Purdue Improved crop storage bags and wooden silo were proved to be a viable management tool for preventing aflatoxin accumulation in storage and moisture migration. The metal silo still remains an effective grain storage technology for reducing post-harvest insect and pathogen losses if the challenges of moisture and temperature can be adequately managed. An effective grain storage technology would be the ones that can sustain quality of grain stored for a long period (≥5 years), durable, cost-effective, and be managed scientifically, possibly by computer-aided grain management system.
22
Muniz, P. H. P. C., I. C. Custódio, H. A. Fidelis, N. M. Moura, J. R. C. Oliveira Filho, and M. P. S. Berti. "Capacity of grain storage and outflow in the State of Paraná." Scientific Electronic Archives 13, no. 7 (2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36560/1372020962.
Full textAbstract:
Grain storage basically consists of collections of regional or national productions in order to store the production for a specific period, with specific objectives such as waiting for a more affordable price or preventing the attack of pests, fungi or even moisture gain , with the aim of preserving the quality of the grains. To guarantee the quality of these grains, factors such as storage and transportation are fundamental within the logistics process of agricultural production. Paraná participates directly in the agricultural economic development, so data were collected based on a survey on grain production in the state of Paraná in the databases of the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento e Cadastro Nacional de Unidades de Abastecimento. In this way, the objective of this article is to make an analysis about the current static storage capacity of grains in the state of Paraná. In the year 2019, the static storage capacity is 29,789,778 thousand tons, showing a deficit of 7,310,222 thousand tons of grain. As for the distribution of the warehouses, it is observed that the mesoregions of the West of Paraná and of the North Central, assume the leadership of regions with greater static capacity of the state of Paraná. Thus, it can be concluded that the static storage capacity of the state of Paraná does not accompany the production growth, presenting a deficit of 24.53% in the static storage capacity of grains in the 2018/2019 harvest.
23
Mutambuki, Kimondo, and Paddy Likhayo. "Efficacy of different hermetic bag storage technologies against insect pests and aflatoxin incidence in stored maize grain." Bulletin of Entomological Research 111, no. 4 (2021): 499–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485321000213.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe performance of six grain storage technologies for the control of insect pests in maize was evaluated over a 36-week (9-month) storage period. The six technologies used were: two ZeroFly® hermetic bag brands (laminated and non-laminated); Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bag; non-hermetic ZeroFly® bag; woven polypropylene (PP) bag containing maize grain treated with Actellic Gold® Dust (pirimiphos-methyl 1.6% + thiamethoxam 0.3%) and woven PP bag containing untreated grain. Each bag was filled with 50 kg maize grain and four replicates of each were set up. With the exception of the non-hermetic ZeroFly® bag, 50 live adults of the larger grain borer Prostephanus truncatus and of the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais, were introduced into all the bags. Insects were not introduced into the non-hermetic ZeroFly® bag to assess its effectiveness in repelling infestation from outside. Parameters recorded were gas composition (oxygen and carbon dioxide) levels inside the bags; weight of flour generated by insect feeding activities; grain moisture level; live adult insect counts; grain damage and weight loss; grain germination rate and aflatoxin level. At termination, the plastic liners of the hermetic bags were examined for perforations. Results show that oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide evolution were faster in ZeroFly® hermetic compared to PICS bags. Throughout the 36-week storage trial, grain damage remained below 4% and weight loss below 3% in all the treatments except in the untreated PP bags in which it increased to 81.1 and 25.5%, respectively. The hermetic PICS, ZeroFly® and Actellic Gold dust-treated PP bags maintained grain germination at 60%, which was lower than the initial 90%, while in untreated control, it reduced to 4.7%. The mean aflatoxin levels fluctuated between 0.39 and 3.56 parts per billion (ppb) during 24 weeks of storage in all the technologies tested, which is below the acceptable maximum level of 10 ppb in maize. Based on the evaluation results, it can be concluded that hermetic PICS and ZeroFly® bags and woven PP bag with Actellic Gold dust-treated grain effectively protected stored maize grain from insect attack and weight losses. Appropriate strategies and mechanisms for the effective and efficient adoption of hermetic storage bag technology at scale would contribute towards global food security.
24
Mutambuki, Kimondo, Hippolyte Affognon, Paddy Likhayo, and Dieudonne Baributsa. "Evaluation of Purdue Improved Crop Storage Triple Layer Hermetic Storage Bag against Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." Insects 10, no. 7 (2019): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10070204.
Full textAbstract:
Hermetic technologies are being promoted in Africa as safer and more effective methods of grain storage on smallholder farms. However, farmers and policy makers lack knowledge of their efficacy in controlling major stored grain pests. An on-station study was conducted to evaluate the triple layer Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) airtight bags against two major storage insect pests. Two sets each of PICS, jute and polypropylene bags were filled with 50 kg maize grain per bag. Each set was replicated four times. One set of PICS bags was each infested with 50 insects each of the larger grain borer P. truncatus and the maize weevil S. zeamais; while the other set was not. One set of jute and polypropylene woven bags was treated with a cocktail of 1.6% Pirimiphos methyl and 0.3% Permethrin, serving as positive controls; while the remaining sets with untreated maize grain formed negative controls. Gas analysis in the PICS bags followed the expected trend with oxygen levels falling sharply below 10% and carbon dioxide increasing to almost 10% after 12 weeks hence resulting in insect death. After 16 weeks, increase in oxygen levels may be attributed to perforation of the bags from outside by the P. truncatus. Results showed that PICS bags were significantly (P < 0.05) superior to treated and untreated controls of polypropylene and jute bags in suppressing insect development, maize grain damage and weight loss during storage. Weight loss in polypropylene and jute bags reached 40% and 41%, respectively, at 24 weeks after storage compared to PICS (2.4–2.9%). These results demonstrate that PICS bags can be used to store maize against P. truncatus and S. zeamais attack.
25
Ojo, James Adebayo, and Adebayo Amos Omoloye. "Abundance and diversity of insects associated with stored grains and tamarind in Nigeria." Polish Journal of Entomology 90, no. 3 - Ahead of print (2021): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.0629.
Full textAbstract:
Detailed information on insect pests of stored grains in Nigeria is lacking. A two-year survey was conducted to determine the species composition and abundance of insects associated with maize, millet, rice, sorghum and tamarind in eighteen locations across five agro-ecological zones in Nigeria. Sixteen coleopteran, lepidopteran and hymenopteran species were associated with stored products, with high species richness on cereal grains but low species richness on tamarind. Most of these insects are polyphagous on cereal grains, whereas the tamarind weevil Sitophilus linearis (Herbst, 1797) (Curculionidae), and Caryedon serratus (Oliver, 1790) (Chrysomelidae) were found only on tamarind in this study. The maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky, 1758), rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (Linneaus, 1763), lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius, 1792) (Bostrichidae), rusty grain beetle Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens, 1831) (Laemophloeidae) and red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst, 1797) (Tenebrionidae) were most abundant on stored grains. The tamarind weevil, C. serratus and the sawtoothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linneaus, 1758) (Silvanidae) were most abundant on tamarind. The hymenopterans Theocolax elegans (Westwood, 1874) (Pteromalidae), Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard, 1881) (Pteromalidae) and Cephalonomia waterstoni (Gahan, 1931) (Bethylidae) were the dominant parasitoids of larvae and pupae of the storage pests. Simpson index of diversity of insect species across locations ranged from low (0.63) to high (0.89).
26
Dufera, Lelise Tilahun, Abebe Yimer Tadesse, Waktole Sori Gobena, and Chala Gowe Kuyu. "On Farm Evaluation of Eucalyptus globulus Labill Leaf and Chenopodium ambrosioides L. Whole Plant Powder against Storage Insect Pests in Stored Maize at Sokoru District in Jimma Zone of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2019 (August 20, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2306742.
Full textAbstract:
Maize is the second most widely grown cereal and gaining importance as a highly nutritious crop in Ethiopia. However, it is severely destroyed by storage insect pests and needs further research to minimize losses. In line with this, research was initiated to evaluate the efficacy of two botanical plant powders (Eucalyptus globulus Labill leaf and Chenopodium ambrosioides L. whole plant) against storage insect pests of maize grains of two maize varieties (BH-661 and Limu) in polypropylene sacks storage conditions at Jimma Zone, Sokoru district. The plant powders were compared with untreated control, and completely randomized design was used in the experiment with three replications for each treatment. Germination capacity, thousand grain weights, percent of insect damage, and weight loss of the stored grains were evaluated and reported in the range of 69.67–94.33%, 318.7–339.3 g, 3.67–50%, and 0.2843–5.22%, respectively, after five months of storage for grains treated with botanicals. However, germination capacity of 10% and 65.33%, percent insect damage of 80.33% and 48%, and weight loss of 23.53% and 5.89% were observed for BH-661 and Limu varieties, respectively, after five months of storage for untreated control. The result indicated that both tested botanicals were effective in protecting the storage insect pests and maintaining the quality of the grains tested in comparison with control and Chenopodium ambrosioides L. whole plant powder is more effective. Although there was significant protective effect compared to untreated control, their effectiveness was decreased drastically after five and three months of storage for Chenopodium ambrosioides L. whole plant powder and Eucalyptus globulus Labill leaf powder, respectively. It is recommended that further research should be done to check if the increasing rate of application increases protection duration of these botanicals and the toxicity of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. should be further studied to use it as a storage insect protectant of maize grains intended for food purpose.
27
Njoroge, Anastasia, Hippolyte Affognon, Uwe Richter, et al. "Acoustic, Pitfall Trap, and Visual Surveys of Stored Product Insect Pests in Kenyan Warehouses." Insects 10, no. 4 (2019): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10040105.
Full textAbstract:
Grain production is an important component of food security in Kenya but due to environmental conditions that favor rapid growth of insect populations, farmers and other agricultural stakeholders face ongoing and novel challenges from crop and stored product pest insects. To assist development of methods to reduce economic losses from stored product insect pests in Kenya, acoustic, visual, and pitfall trap surveys were conducted in five grain storage warehouses. Two commercially available acoustic systems successfully detected the pests of greatest economic importance, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) and Prostephanus truncatus (Horn). Other insects of lesser economic importance also were observed in the visual surveys, including Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). This study demonstrated that the use of acoustic technology with visual surveys and pitfall traps can help managers to identify and target infestations within their warehouses, enabling them to reduce postharvest losses. With most warehouses being located in relatively noisy urban or peri-urban areas, background noise considerations are being incorporated into the design of future acoustic detectors for stored pest infestations. Kenya must import grain yearly to meet consumption needs; however, if the current yearly postharvest losses of 20–30% in warehouses decreased, import costs could be reduced considerably.
28
Zekarias, Elias, and Adugna Haile. "Effect of some botanicals and table salt against Zabrotes subfasciatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) on stored field pea (Pisum sativum L.) grain." International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 38, no. 01 (2017): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758417000194.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Storage pests cause considerable damage to stored grains in Eritrea. A study on storage pest control was conducted at room temperature (25 °C) and 57% relative humidity, to evaluate the efficacy of botanicals and sodium chloride (table salt) against Zabrotes subfasciatus Boheman on field pea (Pisum sativum L.). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) in three replications. The treatments used were: neem (Azadirachta indica), red pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) oil, datura (Datura stramonium L.), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labill), table salt (sodium chloride) and a control without pesticide. Data collected were weight loss, damage percent and germination percent of field pea grain, and also adult mortality of Z. subfasciatus. Rates of application for all the treatments were 3% w/w and an untreated control. Results of the study showed that E. globulus leaf powder caused 88.89% mortality of Z. subfasciatus and sesame oil caused 100% mortality, three days after treatment. The other treatments were less effective in causing mortality of the insect. After five months of storage, the lowest weight loss was observed in grain treated with sesame oil (1.81%) and neem (4.02%) compared with the control that had 16.68% loss. Grain weight loss was 7.45% for treatment with table salt, 8.11% for eucalyptus, 9.62% for red pepper and 15.29% for datura. Grain damage and weight loss increased as storage time increased. Moreover, these plant materials and table salt had no effect on the germination capacity of field pea. In general, the results obtained indicate that these plant materials and table salt can be used for the control of Z. subfasciatus.
29
Angelovič, Marek, Koloman Krištof, Ján Jobbágy, Pavol Findura, and Milan Križan. "The effect of conditions and storage time on course of moisture and temperature of maize grains." BIO Web of Conferences 10 (2018): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20181002001.
Full textAbstract:
Characteristics of stored cereals significantly affect the technical solution of individual storage facilities, as well as the technical appliances used to provide storage technologies, i.e. storing aeration and off-loading. The objective of the study was to monitor the influence of atmospheric temperature and extraneous moisture on the course of temperature and moisture of maize grain during the storage. An average value of maize grain moisture was 13.6% and an average value of temperature inside of the silo was 12.3°C within a defined timeframe. An average moisture value of maize grain stored in the floored warehouse was 13.7%, but an average temperature inside the warehouse was 21.9°C, however extraneous conditions during the storage were unchanged. Average value of extraneous moisture was 86.5 % and an average value of atmospheric temperature was 9.17°C. It was not recorded any occurrence of animal pests in stored maize grain during the storage. Grain water content differs with the change of air moisture and temperature. Reduction of grain water content is most frequently realized by residual drying (moisture is less than 15%); the storage stability is provided at the moisture of 12%.
30
Mesterházy, Ákos, Judit Oláh, and József Popp. "Losses in the Grain Supply Chain: Causes and Solutions." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (2020): 2342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062342.
Full textAbstract:
Global grain production needs a significant increase in output in the coming decades in order to cover the food and feed consumption needs of mankind. As sustainability is the key factor in production, the authors investigate global grain production, the losses along the value chain, and future solutions. Global wheat, maize, rice, and soybean production peaked at 2.102 million tons (mt) of harvested grain in 2018. Pre-harvest losses due to diseases, animal pests, weeds, and abiotic stresses and harvest destroy yearly amount to about 35% of the total possible biological product of 3.153 mt, with 1051.5 mt being lost before harvest. The losses during harvest and storage through toxin contamination are responsible for 690 mt, with a total of 1.741 mt or 83% of the total newly stored grain. Limited cooperation can be experienced between scientific research, plant breeding, plant protection, agronomy, and society, and in addition, their interdependence is badly understood. Plant breeding can help to reduce a significant part of field loss up to 300 mt (diseases, toxins, water and heat stress) and up to 220 mt during storage (toxin contamination). The direct and indirect impact of pest management on production lead to huge grain losses. The main task is to reduce grain losses during production and storage and consumption. Better harvest and storage conditions could prevent losses of 420 mt. The education of farmers by adopting the vocational school system is a key issue in the prevention of grain loss. In addition, extension services should be created to demonstrate farmers crop management in practice. A 50% reduction of grain loss and waste along the value chain seems to be achievable for the feeding 3–4 billion more people in a sustainable way without raising genetic yields of crop cultivars.
31
Hagstrum, David William, and Paul Whitney Flinn. "Modern Stored-Product Insect Pest Management." Journal of Plant Protection Research 54, no. 3 (2014): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jppr-2014-0031.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Stored-product entomologists have a variety of new monitoring, decision-making, biological, chemical, and physical pest management tools available to them. Two types of stored-product insect populations are of interest: insects of immediate economic importance infesting commodities, and insects that live in food residues in equipment and facilities. The sampling and control methods change as grain and grain products move from field to consumer. There are also some changes in the major insect pest species to take into consideration. In this review, we list the primary insect pests at each point of the marketing system, and indicate which sampling methods and control strategies are most appropriate. Economic thresholds for insect infestation levels developed for raw commodity storage, processing plants, and retail business allow sampling-based pest management to be done before insect infestations cause economic injury. Taking enough samples to have a representative sample (20-30 samples) will generally provide enough information to classify a population as above or below an economic threshold.
32
Utono, Iliyasu. "A survey of systems of grain storage and management of insect pests in stored grain in Kebbi state." IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science 3, no. 5 (2013): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/2380-0355161.
Full text
33
Morales-Quiros, Alejandro, Carlos Campabadal, Dirk E. Maier, Sonia M. N. Lazzari, Flavio A. Lazzari, and Thomas W. Phillips. "Chilled Aeration to Control Pests and Maintain Grain Quality during Summer Storage of Wheat in the North Central Region of Kansas." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 35, no. 4 (2019): 657–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.13252.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract.Chilled aeration allows grain to be cooled, independent of ambient conditions, to “safe” temperatures at which insects, fungi, and spoilage development are reduced to a minimum. The objective of this research was to evaluate the advantages of using grain chilling to preserve the quality of grain and reduce post-harvest losses caused by insects and fungi, compared to the conventional aeration and storage strategies used during summer storage in central Kansas. The research trials were developed at a farmer’s cooperative in central Kansas in 2015 and 2016 on low-moisture wheat harvested during the summer of 2015 and 2016, respectively, and stored in two 1,350 metric ton (t) steel silos in which one was chilled and the other was used as a control managed by the cooperative. Temperature of the grain inside each silo was monitored with temperature cables. Variables evaluated were: moisture content (MC), grain and flour quality, insect-pest development and reproduction rate, insect fragments per 500 g of grain, and fungi presence. In 2015, the chilling treatment reduced the grain temperature from 28°C to 17°C in approximately 175 h, while in 2016 it took 245 h to reach about the same temperature with an initial grain temperature of 39°C. Grain temperatures below 25°C were not achieved in the control silo during the summer using ambient aeration. Minimum variation of MC was observed in the Chilled silo while ambient aeration reduced the moisture content by 0.5%. Reproduction rates of the red flour beetle and lesser grain borer were significantly reduced by chilling temperatures lower than 17°C. Lower temperatures also reduced insect populations detected in probe traps and insect damaged kernels. Insect fragments and fungi presence had no significant increase throughout the trials in either of the silos. No clear evidence of flour quality being better preserved at lower temperatures was detected. The energy cost of running the grain chiller was between 0.26-0.32 $/t higher than ambient aeration. Keywords: Ambient aeration, Grain chilling, Grain quality, Stored-product fungi, Stored-product insects, Summer storage, Wheat.
34
Lavrennikova, Olga. "COMPLEX ASSESSMENT OF THE GRAIN CROPS VARIETIES FOR RESISTANCE TO DAMAGE BY STORAGE PESTS." Известия Самарской государственной сельскохозяйственной академии 2, no. 1 (2017): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/24514.
Full text
35
Stejskal, V., R. Aulický, Z. Kučerová, and J. Lukáš. "Method of sampling and laboratory extraction affects interpretation of grain infestation by storage pests." Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 115, no. 3 (2008): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03356252.
Full text
36
Ebadollahi, Asgar, and William N. Setzer. "Evaluation of the Toxicity of Satureja intermedia C. A. Mey Essential Oil to Storage and Greenhouse Insect Pests and a Predator Ladybird." Foods 9, no. 6 (2020): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9060712.
Full textAbstract:
The use of chemical insecticides has had several side-effects, such as environmental contamination, foodborne residues, and human health threats. The utilization of plant-derived essential oils as efficient bio-rational agents has been acknowledged in pest management strategies. In the present study, the fumigant toxicity of essential oil isolated from Satureja intermedia was assessed against cosmopolitan stored-product insect pests: Trogoderma granarium Everts (khapra beetle), Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) (lesser grain borer), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (red flour beetle), and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (saw-toothed grain beetle). The essential oil had significant fumigant toxicity against tested insects, which positively depended on essential oil concentrations and the exposure times. Comparative contact toxicity of S. intermedia essential oil was measured against Aphis nerii Boyer de Fonscolombe (oleander aphid) and its predator Coccinella septempunctata L. (seven-spot ladybird). Adult females of A. nerii were more susceptible to the contact toxicity than the C. septempunctata adults. The dominant compounds in the essential oil of S. intermedia were thymol (48.1%), carvacrol (11.8%), p-cymene (8.1%), and γ-terpinene (8.1%). The high fumigant toxicity against four major stored-product insect pests, the significant aphidicidal effect on A. nerii, and relative safety to the general predator C. septempunctata make terpene-rich S. intermedia essential oil a potential candidate for use as a plant-based alternative to the detrimental synthetic insecticides.
37
García-Lara, Silverio, and David J. Bergvinson. "IDENTIFICATION OF MAIZE LANDRACES WITH HIGH LEVEL OF RESISTANCE TO STORAGE PESTS Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky AND Prostephanus truncatus Horn IN LATIN AMERICA." Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana 36, no. 3-S3-A (2013): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2013.3-s3-a.347.
Full textAbstract:
The maize weevil (MW) (Sitophilus zeamais), and the larger grain borer (LGB) (Prostephanus truncatus) are major storage pests causing serious losses in maize (Zea mays L.) in developing countries of Latin America (LA). This study identified maize landraces with high levels of resistance to MW and LGB by screening 1171 genotypes collected from 24 LA countries in 38 sampling areas. Maize grain weight losses (GWL), total dust production (TDP) and number of adult progeny (NAP) were measured for LGB and MW attack in each genotype. Susceptibility traits to MW and LGB were related to specific geographical location. Range of resistance for MW was from 0.6 to 51 %, while for LGB from 0.1 to 66 %. Approximately 28 % of the analyzed genotypes showed high level of resistance to MW, with Antilles region offering the most resistant accessions with races of EarCar, Chande, Haitye, Nal-Tel, Tuson, and Canill. Resistance to LGB was observed in 22 % of genotypes analyzed with accessions from Southern México with races of Cónico, Nal-Tel, Vandeño, Elotes Occidentales, Cubano, Tuxpeño, and Tepecintle. Low correlation (r = 0.28; P < 0.01) between maize resistance to MW and LGB indicated a divergent adaptive response of maize grain to these two pest. Geographic data showed a negative correlation between latitude and longitude with MW resistance traits being significant only for longitude (r = -0.253; P < 0.05). Opposite trend of correlations, positive but not significant, was observed for LGB resistance traits. These results indicate an influence of geographic location in local varieties being selected for storage pest resistance over time. Genotypes with excellent postharvest insect resistance have now been identified for maize breeders to use in developing improved cultivars for use in LA.The maize weevil (MW) (Sitophilus zeamais), and the larger grain borer (LGB) (Prostephanus truncatus) are major storage pests causing serious losses in maize (Zea mays L.) in developing countries of Latin America (LA). This study identified maize landraces with high levels of resistance to MW and LGB by screening 1171 genotypes collected from 24 LA countries in 38 sampling areas. Maize grain weight losses (GWL), total dust production (TDP) and number of adult progeny (NAP) were measured for LGB and MW attack in each genotype. Susceptibility traits to MW and LGB were related to specific geographical location. Range of resistance for MW was from 0.6 to 51 %, while for LGB from 0.1 to 66 %. Approximately 28 % of the analyzed genotypes showed high level of resistance to MW, with Antilles region offering the most resistant accessions with races of EarCar, Chande, Haitye, Nal-Tel, Tuson, and Canill. Resistance to LGB was observed in 22 % of genotypes analyzed with accessions from Southern México with races of Cónico, Nal-Tel, Vandeño, Elotes Occidentales, Cubano, Tuxpeño, and Tepecintle. Low correlation (r = 0.28; P < 0.01) between maize resistance to MW and LGB indicated a divergent adaptive response of maize grain to these two pest. Geographic data showed a negative correlation between latitude and longitude with MW resistance traits being significant only for longitude (r = -0.253; P < 0.05). Opposite trend of correlations, positive but not significant, was observed for LGB resistance traits. These results indicate an influence of geographic location in local varieties being selected for storage pest resistance over time. Genotypes with excellent postharvest insect resistance have now been identified for maize breeders to use in developing improved cultivars for use in LA.
38
Sedlacek, John D., Robert J. Barney, Paul A. Weston, and Bryan D. Price. "Efficacy of Malathion Against Coleopteran Populations in Newly-Harvested Versus Year-Old Stored Corn2." Journal of Entomological Science 33, no. 3 (1998): 282–391. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-33.3.282.
Full textAbstract:
The impact of malathion treatment and duration of storage prior to treatment on species composition and relative abundance of beetle pests was investigated in shelled corn in newly-constructed galvanized steel bins. Corn was sampled monthly for insects with plastic probe traps from January through September 1989. Red and confused flour beetles, Tribolium spp., hairy fungus beetle, Typhaea stercorea (L.), flat and rusty grain and flour mill beetles, Cryptolestes spp., and foreign grain beetle, Ahasverus advena (Waltl), were most abundant in traps, but plaster beetle, Cartodere constricta (Gyllenhal), minute brown fungus beetle, Corticaria pubescens (Gyllenhal), antlike flower beetle, Anthicus spp., and larger black flour beetle, Cynaeus angustus (LeConte), also were trapped. Greater numbers of the four major beetle species were trapped in older corn and in corn that was not treated with malathion and, depending on species, trap catch peaked in August or September. Information gathered during this investigation adds to our knowledge of insect infestation and insecticide application to on-farm stored corn and confirmed earlier reports that T. stercorea and A. advena potentially are pests of stored shelled corn. Thorough inspection and sampling should be conducted throughout the storage period, but especially after grain temperatures warm above 20°C.
39
Hou, Lixia, Yi Wu, and Shaojin Wang. "Thermal Death Kinetics of Cryptolestes pusillus (Schonherr), Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius), and Tribolium confusum (Jacquelin du Val) Using a Heating Block System." Insects 10, no. 5 (2019): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10050119.
Full textAbstract:
Thermal treatment has been extensively used to control pests in stored grains for a long time. The objective of this study was to analyze thermal death kinetics of adult flat grain beetle, Cryptolestes pusillus (Schonherr), lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius), and confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum (Jacquelin du Val), using a heating block system (HBS), at temperatures of 46, 48, 50, and 52 °C for C. pusillus and T. confusum, and 48, 50, 52, and 54 °C for R. dominica with a heating rate of 5 °C/min. Thermal death curves of those three insects followed a 0th-order reaction model. Complete mortality of C. pusillus, R. dominica, and T. confusum were observed after exposure to 1.4, 5.0, and 0.9 min at 52, 54 and 52 °C, respectively. The thermal death activation energy for controlling C. pusillus, R. dominica, and T. confusum was 689.91, 380.88, and 617.08 kJ/mol with z values of 2.88, 5.18, and 3.22 °C, respectively. The cumulative lethal time model can also be used to predict mortality of these three insects during a practical heating process. The information provided by this study on storage pests may be useful for developing effective thermal treatment protocols.
40
Raju, P. V. Kesava, and K. Sreeramulu. "Biopesticidal Activity of Lichenic Extracts against the Grain Storage Pests Tribolium castaneum and Sitophilus oryzae." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7, no. 07 (2018): 2573–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.707.302.
Full text
41
El-Saadony, Mohamed T., Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack, Ayman E. Taha, et al. "Ecofriendly Synthesis and Insecticidal Application of Copper Nanoparticles against the Storage Pest Tribolium castaneum." Nanomaterials 10, no. 3 (2020): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10030587.
Full textAbstract:
In spite of great developments in the agricultural field and plant productivity in the last decades, the concern about the control of agricultural pests is still continuous. However, pest management is expected to have more effects from nanomaterials by providing innovative solutions. The current study confirms the biotransformation of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) using a cell-free culture extract of metal copper-resistant bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens MAL2, which was isolated from heavy metal-contaminated soils collected from Sharqia Governorate, Egypt. The local screened bacterial isolate, Pseudomonas fluorescens MAL2, is similar to Pseudomonas fluorescens DSM 12442T DSM. After optimization of growth conditions, F-Base medium was found to be the best medium and pH 7, temperature 35 °C, concentration of CuSO4·5H2O 300 ppm, 10 mL supernatant: 40 mL CuSO4·5H2O (300 ppm), and reaction time 90 min were recorded as the best growth conditions to the fabrication of CuNPs. The formed CuNPs were characterized using initially visual observation of the change in the color of the reaction mixture from blue color to the dark green as an indication of CuNPs biotransformation. Then, UV–Vis spectroscopy showed a maximum absorption at 610 nm under the optimum conditions performed. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) revealed the formation of spherical aspect with size ranges from 10:70 nm; moreover, Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) indicated the presence of CuNPs and other elements. In addition, the presence of alcohols, phenols, alkenes, and amines is confirmed by Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) supported that the Zeta-average size of nanoparticle was 48.07 with 0.227 PdI value. The Zeta potential showed −26.00mV with a single peak. The biosynthesized CuNPs (Bio CuNPs) showed toxicity against the stored grain pest (Tribolium castaneum), where LC50 value was 37 ppm after 5 days of treatment. However, the negligible effect was observed with chemical synthesis of CuNPs (Ch CuNPs) at the same concentration. The results suggest that Bio CuNPs could be used not only as a biocontrol agent, but also as an ecofriendly and inexpensive approach for controlling the stored grain pests.
42
Viebrantz, Priscila C., Lauri L. Radunz, and Rafael G. Dionello. "Mortality of insects and quality of maize grains in hermetic and non-hermetic storage." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 20, no. 5 (2016): 487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n5p487-492.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Due to the need to improve the quality and safety of foods, chemical methods used to control grain pests have been replaced by alternative methods. For example, modified atmosphere within the storage units has been used. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate maize grain quality and mortality of insects of the species Sitophilus zeamais and Tribolium castaneum in hermetic and non-hermetic environments for 50 days of storage. The hermetic units consisted of polyethylene "bags" with capacity for 60 kg. A cage with 20 adults of each species and 200 g of maize was placed inside each unit. The oxygen level was quantified every five days. Evaluations of insect mortality and survival occurred at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 days of storage. At 0, 30 and 50 days, density, moisture and fungal incidence analyses were conducted. The airtight system is efficient in the control of insects, with satisfactory mortality values for both species. Insects favor the development of fungi during the storage, regardless of the storage system.
43
Njoroge, Anastasia W., Richard W. Mankin, Bradley Smith, and Dieudonne Baributsa. "Effects of Hypoxia on Acoustic Activity of Two Stored-Product Pests, Adult Emergence, and Grain Quality." Journal of Economic Entomology 112, no. 4 (2019): 1989–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz110.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Modified atmospheres such as hermetic storage are widely used for the control of stored grain insect pests. To improve their effectiveness, there is need to better understand insect responses to low-oxygen environments. Adult Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) on cowpea and Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on wheat were exposed to hypoxia treatments consisting of 1, 3, and 5% oxygen levels for 14 d. Acoustic activity was monitored during the experiment, and insect mortality and grain quality were examined immediately after the hypoxia treatments. Adult emergence was assessed 45 d post-treatment. All three hypoxia treatments eliminated acoustic activity of both species within 4 d. There was neither insect survival for both species nor significant grain damage immediately after 14-d exposure to hypoxia treatments. No adult insects emerged 45 d post-exposure on grains maintained at 1% oxygen level for 14 d. However, at 3 and 5% oxygen levels, there were eggs on cowpea, holes in wheat, and emerging adults for both insect species 45 d post-exposure. Although insect activity ceased within 4 d when hypoxia was maintained below 5%, there is need to explore exposure beyond 14 d for 3 and 5% oxygen levels, to ensure to avoid potential adult emergence from eggs and other insect life stages post-treatments. Maintaining 3–5% hypoxia conditions for a longer duration would ensure insufficient oxygen is available for progeny development.
44
Yadav, Usha, and Ruchira Tiwari. "Eco-friendly management of Sitophilus oryzae and Rhyzoper thadominica in stored wheat at Pantnagar, Uttarakhand." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 2 (2017): 736–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i2.1266.
Full textAbstract:
he laboratory experiments were conducted to study the efficacy of some indigenous products such as plant products (chopped neem leaves ajwain seed powder, garlic capsules, saw dust), animal derivedproducts ( cow dung cake powder, cow urine) and inert materials ( ash powder, sand, talcum powder, salt) @ 2g/100g of wheat grains against rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (Linn.) and lesser grain borer, Rhyzoper thadominica (Fab.) on stored wheat by undertaking various parameters viz., percent adult emergence, percent seed damage, per cent weight loss and per cent germination after six months of storage during April to October 2015. After 180 days of treatments, the minimum number of adults weevils of S. oryzae( 4.00, 6.00,7.67, 9.00, 9.67 and 10.33) were emerged in wheat grains treated with ash powder, sand, cow dung powder, talcum powder, ajwain seed powder and neem leaf powder, respectively with minimum grain damage (7.33 %, 8.67 %,11.67 % and 12.00 %) was observed on ash powder, sand, ajwain seed powder and talcum powder, respectively, whereas minimum weight loss (2.67 %, 3.67 %, 5.67 % and 6.67 %) was recorded on ash powder, sand, cow dung powder, talcum powder and ajwain seed powder, respectively. Similarly, the minimum number of adult beetles of R. dominica were emerged (2.00,2.33, 6.67,7.00 and 8.33) in ash power, sand, talcum powder, cow dung cake powder and ajwain seed powder, respectively with minimum grain damage (4.00 %,8.00 %. 8.67 % and 12.67 % and weight loss (1.33 %, 4.00 %, 7.33 % and 11.67 %) in sand, ash powder, talcum powder and cow dung cake treated wheat grains, respectively. It has been clearly observed that seed germination was not affected adversely in any treatment during six months of storage. The present study clearly revealed that these naturally occurring indigenous products could be used to manage the storage insect pests in wheat.
45
Jembere, B., D. Obeng-Ofori, A. Hassanali, and G. N. N. Nyamasyo. "Products derived from the leaves of Ocimum kilimandscharicum (Labiatae) as post-harvest grain protectants against the infestation of three major stored product insect pests." Bulletin of Entomological Research 85, no. 3 (1995): 361–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300036099.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe bioactivity of materials from the leaves of Ocimum kilimandscharicum was tested against Sitophilus zeamais Mots chulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in maize and sorghum grains in the laboratory. Exposure of adults of the three insect species to dried ground leaves and essential oil extract of O. kilimandscharicum induced 100% mortality after 48 h. Fresh and dried whole leaves were not toxic to Sitophilus zeamais or R. dominica. Grains treated with dried ground leaves and essential oil extract caused significant reductions in the number of progeny and survival rate of all three pest species tested. There was no adult survival or progeny production in grains treated separately with each of the two materials at doses of 25.0 g (dried ground leaves) and 0.3 g (essential oil) per 250 g of grain, respectively. Unlike R. dominica and Sitotroga cerealella, grains treated with fresh leaves enhanced the feeding activity of Sitophilus zeamais. Ground leaves and the essential oil, however, protected the grains against feeding by all three species, resulting in lower weight loss and number of damaged seeds compared with untreated grains. All the plant materials were repellent to S. zeamais with the essential oil extract applied at 0.3 g/250 g of grain evoking the highest repellent action. There was, however, considerable variation in the repellency of the materials against R. dominica and Sitotroga cerealella. The results are discussed in terms of the efficacy of O. kilimandscharicum for protection against loss due to insects in traditional grain storage in developing countries.
46
Zuparov, M., M. Ablazova, and N. Irgasheva. "Types of soy plant pests and measures against them in the condition of Uzbekistan." E3S Web of Conferences 244 (2021): 02024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124402024.
Full textAbstract:
This paper observed that soybean crops were contaminated with a number of specialized and omnivorous pests in the field, during the storage of grain in warehouses and private households. The study identified 18 species of pests belonging to different families. The main pest of the soybean crop is Dalucho 70% (at a consumption rate of 5.0 l/t), Cruiser Extra 362 from insecticide seed pesticides against autumn night worms. (When planted with 3.0 l/t, the biological efficiency reaches 85-90% and protects the soybean during the entire growing season and prevents pest damage. The main pest of soybeans in field studies against cotton bollworm is the poaching parasite in middle and older cotton According to the results of experiments on the application of nightshade worms in different proportions, the efficiency was 29.8% on the 3rd day, 44.5% on the 7th day and 75.0% on the 10th day when the ratio of free-range and host insects was 1:5. When the parasite was applied at a ratio of 1:10, the biological efficiency was 20.7% on day 3, 42.1% on day 7 and 68.0% at 10 days. The last variant in the observations was 20.3% on day 3 when the parasite was used at a ratio of 1:15, 34.4% at 7 days and 56.1% at 10 days.
47
Shaker Muhammad Afsar Ali, Asif Muhammad Ammad, Shahzad Khalil Ahmad, et al. "Effectiveness of different plant extracts along with new chemistry insecticide against Tribolium castaneum." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 13, no. 1 (2020): 095–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2020.13.1.0301.
Full textAbstract:
Different insect pests attack stored grain products during storage. T. castaneum are the most threatening pests of stored grains. Feeding of adults and larvae is stored grains. The extracts of Datura stramonium and Zingiber officinale prepared with acetone and Deltamethrin was applied. Five concentrations 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05% were prepared with one controlled concentration of both the plants and the Deltamethrin. Treatments were applied on the filter paper check their possible lethal effects against T. castaneum. The data concerning mortality was recorded after time interval 24, 48 and 72 hours and analyzed statistically using ANOVA (analysis of variance) and comparison of means of treatment means was analyzed with the help of Tuckey’s honestly significant difference (THSD) test. The mean mortality of Tribolium castaneum were 90% after 72 hours by exposure of Deltamethrin. The mean values of % mortality caused by effect of Datura stramonium against T. castaneum was 52%. The mean values of % mortality caused by plant extract Zingiber officinale against T. castaneum was 41% after 72 hours. Results revealed that Deltamethrin is more effective than plant extracts. Datura stramonium is more effective than Zingiber officinale.
48
Bakoye, Ousmane N., Baoua Ibrahim, Haoua Seyni, Laouali Amadou, Larry L. Murdock, and Dieudonne Baributsa. "Comparative Study of Cowpea Storage Technologies in the Sahel Region of Niger." Insects 11, no. 10 (2020): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11100689.
Full textAbstract:
Cowpea stored on smallholders’ farms suffers serious losses to insect pests. A study conducted in Niger compared five postharvest technologies marketed in sub-Saharan Africa to protect stored grain. Naturally-infested cowpea stored for eight months showed adult Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) mortality of 97% to 100% in the hermetic bags (PICSTM, SuperGrainbagTM, AgroZ®, EVAL™, and ZeroFly® bags). There was no change in grain damage and weight loss of cowpea stored in hermetic bags. There was, however, a loss of up to 10 to 16% in germination when the grain was stored in hermetic bags. Results observed for grain stored in ZeroFly® bags impregnated with deltamethrin were substantial and similar to those in control woven bags. In both ZeroFly® and woven bags, (1) adult C. maculatus population augmented by 35.7% and 78.6%, (2) increased weight losses of 27.3% and 25.2%, and (3) reduced germination of 37.0% and 28.8%, respectively. After opening the bags, abrasions were noted on the liners of hermetic bags, potential damage that could limit their reuse if they only have a single liner. Smallholder farmers in the Sahel can safely store their cowpea in all the hermetic bags tested. However, further research is needed to mitigate insect damage on liners of hermetic bags to improve their performance and reusability.
49
ЛАТЫШЕНОК, Н. М. "PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF AN ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT FOR GRAIN AERATION IN SEALED CONTAINERS WITH A CONTROLLED AIR ENVIRONMENT." VESTNIK RIAZANSKOGO GOSUDARSTVENNOGO AGROTEHNOLOGICHESKOGO UNIVERSITETA IM P A KOSTYCHEVA, no. 2(50) (June 30, 2021): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.36508/rsatu.2021.50.2.013.
Full textAbstract:
Проблема и цель. В период хранения зерна в нем происходят сложные физиологические процессы, которые могут сопровождаться изменением температуры и влажности зерновой массы, интенсивным развитием в ней микроорганизмов и насекомых-вредителей и т. д. Для недопущения подобных явлений в зернохранилищах используются системы активной вентиляции (САВ) зерновой насыпи. Для повышения эффективности работы САВ в странах Северной Америки и ЕС используют сложные электронные блоки управления (ЭБУ), которые на порядок дороже простых и требуют для их программирования высокой квалификации обслуживающего персонала. Поэтому на сегодняшний день наиболее перспективным направлением развития автоматических систем управления вентиляционными установками зернохранилищ является использование простых ЭБУ в комплекте с комбинированными электронными контрольно-измерительными устройствами (датчиками). Целью настоящего исследования было сравнение эффективности работы систем активного вентилирования в металлическом силосе и принудительной аэрации в контейнере с регулируемой газовой средой за счет применения простых ЭБУ при хранении семенного зерна. Методология. В качестве объекта исследования были взяты технологии управления системой активного вентилирования с использованием простых ЭБУ и принудительной аэрации зерновой насыпи в контейнере с регулируемой газовой средой, управляемой ЭБУ в комплекте с комбинированными электронными контрольно-измерительными устройствами. Образцами для исследования служили семена яровой пшеницы «КВС Аквилон», полученные от пересева элитных семян третьего поколения категории РС-3. В ходе сравнительных испытаний оценивалось влияние исследуемых технологий на условия хранения семенного зерна и жизнедеятельность насекомых-вредителей. Результаты. Применение САВ в металлических силосах с автоматическим управлением простым ЭБУ не обеспечивает достаточной сохранности посевных качеств семенного зерна. Так, как в процессе его сезонного хранения не исключена вероятность образования конденсата влаги на внутренней стенке силоса, отпотевания зерна, наблюдался рост популяции насекомых- вредителей. Замена САВ на систему принудительной вентиляции в контейнере с регулируемой газовой средой, управляемую ЭРУ на основе микропроцессора Arduino UNО и комбинированных датчиков-регистраторов температуры и влажности воздуха DT 171, позволяет сохранить репродуктивные свойства семян, при этом более интенсивно проводить охлаждение зерна за счет естественного теплообмена с окружающей средой и сократить более чем в 20 раз популяцию насекомых-вредителей. Заключение. Применение контейнеров с регулируемой воздушной средой, управляемой работой ЭБУ на основе микропроцессора Arduino UNО и комбинированных датчиков-регистраторов температуры и влажности воздуха DT 171, позволяет сохранить посевные качества зерна, при этом снизить затраты электроэнергии и трудоемкость выполнения работ, проводить эффективную борьбу с насекомыми-вредителями за счет разрежённости воздушной среды. Problem and goal. During the period of grain storage, complex physiological processes occur in it, which can be accompanied by changes in the temperature and humidity of the grain mass, the intensive development of microorganisms and insect pests in it, etc.To prevent such phenomena in granaries, active ventilation systems of the grain embankment are used. To improve the efficiency of the SAA in North America and the EU, complex electronic control units are used, which are much more expensive than simple ones and require highly qualified service personnel to program them. Therefore, to date, the most promising direction of development of automatic control systems for ventilation installations of grain storage facilities is the use of a simple EBU complete with combined electronic control and measuring devices (sensors). The purpose of this study was to compare the efficiency of active ventilation systems in a metal silo and forced aeration in a sealed container with a controlled air environment through the use of simple ECUs in the storage of seed grain. Methodology. As the object of research, the technologies of controlling the active ventilation system using simple ECUs and forced aeration of the grain mound in a sealed container with a controlled air environment controlled by the ECU, complete with combined electronic control and measuring devices, were taken. The samples for the study were the seeds of spring wheat "KVS Aquilon", obtained from the re-sowing of elite seeds of the third generation of the RS-3 category. In the course of comparative tests, the influence of the studied technologies on the storage conditions of seed grain and the vital activity of insect pests was evaluated. Results. The use of SAV in metal silos with automatic control of a simple ECU does not provide sufficient safety of the sowing qualities of seed grain. Since in the process of its seasonal storage, the probability of the formation of moisture condensation on the inner wall of the silo, the sweating of grain, an increase in the population of insect pests was observed. Replacing SAV with a forced ventilation system in a sealed container with a controlled air environment controlled by ERU based on the Arduino UNO microprocessor and combined sensors-recorders of temperature and humidity DT 171, allows you to preserve the reproductive properties of seeds, while more intensively cooling the grain due to natural heat exchange with the environment and reducing the population of insect pests by more than 20 times. Conclusions. The use of sealed containers with controlled air mediumcontrolled operation of the ECU based on the Arduino UNO microprocessor and combined sensors-recorders of air temperature and humidity DT 171 allows you to preserve the sowing quality of grain, while reducing the cost of electricity and labor intensity of work, to effectively combat insect pests due to the sparsity of the air environment
50
Fagundes, Henrique Delevati, Rafael Gomes Dionello, Lauri Lourenço Radünz, and Francisco Wilson Reichert Júnior. "CONTROL OF MAIZE WEEVIL WITH APPLICATION OF DIATOMACEOUS EARTH IN CORN GRAINS STORED IN DIVERSE TEMPERATURES." REVISTA ENGENHARIA NA AGRICULTURA - REVENG 27, no. 5 (2019): 400–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.13083/reveng.v27i5.948.
Full textAbstract:
The insect known as maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) is one of the most important pests of stored corn in Brazil. Among the various forms of control, one can highlight the use of inert powders, which has advantages of not providing risk to the environment or to human and animal health, besides not having reports of insect resistance. Thus, this work evaluated the effect of different doses of diatomaceous earth on the development of Sitophilus zeamais on two temperature conditions on corn grain storage. A completely randomized design was adopted in a factorial 4x2x4 (diatomaceous earth dose x storage temperature x storage time) dosage, with three replicates. The diatomaceous earth doses were: 0, 250, 500 and 1000 g t-1 and subsequently stored at temperatures of 22 and 30°C for 90 days. The bulk density decreased during the storage for all diatomaceous earth doses applied, but in inverse proportion to the dose increment. Diatomaceous earth has proven better efficiency in the control of S. zeamais, with increase in dose and storage temperature. Dry weight decrease was observed in all doses and storage temperatures evaluated, but it was more pronounced in those grains that have not received the application of diatomaceous earth.