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Academic literature on the topic 'Grain straw'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Grain straw"

1

SCHIERE, J. B., A. L. JOSHI, A. SEETHARAM, S. J. OOSTING, A. V. GOODCHILD, B. DEINUM, and H. VAN KEULEN. "GRAIN AND STRAW FOR WHOLE PLANT VALUE: IMPLICATIONS FOR CROP MANAGEMENT AND GENETIC IMPROVEMENT STRATEGIES." Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 3 (June 24, 2004): 277–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479704001814.

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Straws and stovers are often called ‘by-products’ of grain production even though they are increasingly important, e.g. for animal feed, thatching, soil improvement, mushroom production and industrial use. As a result, plant breeders, agronomists, economists and animal nutritionists have to pay more attention than before to the total value of crops, i.e. whole plant value in which straws and grain both play a part. This paper reviews literature about the technical potential of breeding and/or management for more or better straw. It then discusses issues of the economic value (EV) and nutritional value (NV) of straw and stovers for livestock feed to guide research and development in cereal breeding and management. It is mainly based on experiences from the Indian subcontinent and semi-arid regions of the Near and Middle East. The paper shows that the quantity and quality of straw produced has changed considerably over recent decades as a result of breeding policies, new cultivation patterns and choice of cultivars. Both EV and NV depend on type of grain, animal production system and access to other feeds. A classification of these factors is provided and suggests that the EV of straw is particularly important in low-input systems with stovers from coarse grains.

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Capper, B. S., G. Sage, P. R. Hanson, and A. H. Adamson. "Influence of variety, row type and time of sowing on the morphology, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of barley straw." Journal of Agricultural Science 118, no. 2 (April 1992): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185960006874x.

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SUMMARYLeaf proportions (LP) were determined in spring barley straws harvested at Cambridge in 1984 and 1985. Linear regression equations showed that a greater number of days to flowering increased LP whilst greater plant height decreased LP in spring barley straws. Plant height accounted for more than 70% of the variance in LP. By contrast, grain yield and stem diameter accounted for only a small percentage of the variance in LP. Straws from two-rowed winter barleys had slightly higher LP than six-rowed winter barleys but LP in winter and spring barleys were similar.Leaf blade and leaf sheath fractions of the straws had lower acid detergent fibre and lignin contents and were more digestible than the stem fractions. Linear regression equations of straw digestibility in spring barleys on LP, grain yields, days to flowering and plant heights showed that LP accounted for a higher percentage of the variance in digestibility in 1984 than the other characteristics. In 1985, when harvesting conditions were unusually wet, grain yield accounted for the highest percentage of the variance in straw digestibility.There were no differences in chemical composition and straw digestibility between two-rowed and six-rowed barleys, but winter barleys had higher straw digestibility than spring barleys. Date of sowing did not influence straw quality in two-rowed winter barleys.The ranking of two-rowed spring barleys for LP, chemical composition and digestibility suggested that varieties with consistently better straw quality could be identified.

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Narasimhalu, P., D. Kong, and T. M. Choo. "Straw yields and nutrients of seventy-five Canadian barley cultivars." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 78, no. 1 (March 1, 1998): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a97-020.

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Straw, grain, and total yields were compared among 32 two-row and 43 six-row barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars registered in eastern and western Canada, that were grown at Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island in 1991 and 1992. Straw nutrients was determined in 1991. Two-row cultivars yielded more straw and less grain than six-row cultivars (P < 0.05). The total yield (i.e., total aboveground dry matter) of two-row cultivars was approximately equal to that of six-row cultivars. Straw of two-row cultivars contained more cell contents but less hemicellulose, total-N, Ca, Na, Mn, and Zn than six-row cultivars straw (P < 0.05). Straw yields were not different between eastern and western cultivars regardless of whether they were two-row or six-row types. Eastern two-row cultivars showed higher grain yield and higher total yield than western two-row, and their straws contained less lignin and P than those of western cultivars. Straw of eastern six-row cultivars contained less Ca, but more Na and Mg than that of western six-row cultivars. Hulless barleys showed less grain yield and their straw contained less cellulose than covered barleys regardless of whether they were two-row or six-row types. Two-row hulless cultivars yielded more straw than two-row covered barleys. Straw of six-row hulless barleys contained more cell contents, total-N, and minerals (except for Na and Mn) than that of six-row covered barleys. Key words: Barley cultivars, straw, yield, crude protein, fibre, minerals

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Sousa, Gustavo Dorneles de, Leandro Spíndola Pereira, Gustavo Silva de Oliveira, Estevam Matheus Costa, Jeovane Nascimento Silva, Higor Ferreira da Silva, and Adriano Jakelaitis. "Produtividade do feijão-caupi cultivado após plantas de cobertura com e sem aplicação de herbicida sem pós-emergência." COLLOQUIUM AGRARIAE 16, no. 5 (October 8, 2020): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ca.2020.v16.n5.a395.

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The objective of this research was to evaluate the yield of the cowpea crop, when grown on cover crops straws, managed or not with herbicides applied in post-emergence. The experiment was conducted in the field, in a complete randomized block design with three replications. In a 5x2 factorial scheme, the first factor were featuredby five types of straw were tested: sorghum, congograss, Tanzania grass, palisadegrassand weeds. The second factor was characterized by the absence and application of the ready mix of bentazone + imazamox at the dose 600 + 28 g ha-1at 13 days after emergence (DAE) and the herbicide haloxifop-p-methyl at the dose of 62.35 g ha-1to 18 DAE. Weed density and dry matterwere evaluated at 20 and 85 DAE of the crop, plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll content, dry matteraerial part and in the flowering of the crop (46 DAE). At harvest, the number of grains per pod, the number of grains per plant, the weight one hundred grains, the population of cowpea plants and grain yieldwereevaluated. The straws of congo grass, Tanzania grass and palisadegrasson the soil surface reduce the dry mass of weeds, constituting necessary management where chemical control has not been carried out. Regardless of the use of straw, the application of the herbicide is essential to guarantee the productivity of the crop. The cultivation of cowpea on sorghum straw, congograss, Tanzania grass and palisadegrassresults in higher grain yield.

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White, Ethel M. "Straw and grain production in spring barley cultivars." Journal of Agricultural Science 108, no. 2 (April 1987): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600079284.

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SummaryGrain and straw yields of a range of spring barley cultivars were assessed in field experiments conducted from 1981 to 1983 in Northern Ireland. Mean straw yields varied between 2·75 t/ha in Inga and 1·94 t/ha in Golden Promise over the 3-year period. Both grain and straw yields varied from year to year, with straw production being more consistent for individual cultivars than grain yield. High grain yields were not associated with high straw yields, straw to grain ratios varying between 0·72 in Midas and 0·51 in Corgi. Neither grain yield nor straw length were good predictors of straw yield of cultivars. The role for and assessment of straw yield in cultivar evaluation is discussed.

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Hu, J., X. Cui, J. Dai, J. Wang, R. Chen, R. Yin, and X. Lin. "Interactive effects of arbuscular mycorrhizae and maize (Zea mays L.) straws on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth and organic carbon storage in a sandy loam soil." Soil and Water Research 9, No. 3 (August 6, 2014): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/77/2013-swr.

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A pot experiment was conducted to study interactive effects of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AMs) and maize (Zea mays L.) straws on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth and organic carbon (C) storage in a sterilized sandy loam soil. The experiment included four treatments: control, inoculation with AM fungus Glomus caledonium (M), amendment with maize straw (S), and amendment with maize straw plus inoculation with G. caledonium (S + M). The inoculation of G. caledonium significantly (P < 0.05) increased wheat root biomass and root-to-straw ratio, but had no significant effects on shoot biomass, grain yield, and soil parameters. The amendment of maize straw significantly (P < 0.05) decreased soil pH, wheat root biomass, and root-to-straw ratio, and significantly (P < 0.05) increased soil invertase and alkaline phosphatase activities, but had no significant effects on shoot biomass, grain yield, soil organic C content, and urease activity. The combined application of G. caledonium and maize straw had no significant effects on root mycorrhizal colonization rate compared to the M treatment, while significantly (P < 0.05) increased wheat root biomass and significantly (P < 0.05) decreased soil pH compared to the S treatment, and also significantly (P < 0.05) increased grain yield, soil organic C content, and urease activity compared to the control. The Two-Way ANOVA also showed interactive effects of G. caledonium and maize straw on soil pH (P < 0.05) and wheat grain yield (P < 0.01), and the redundancy analysis result indicated the potential application of AM fungi in straw-returned fields.

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Roy, Tapas Kumar, Swapan Kumar Paul, and Md Abdur Rahman Sarkar. "Influence of date of transplanting on the growth and yield performance of high yielding varieties of Boro rice." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 17, no. 3 (September 29, 2019): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v17i3.43201.

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An experiment was conducted to find out the effect of variety, date of transplanting and its interaction on the growth and yield performance of high yielding Boro rice. The experiment comprised five varieties viz., BRRI dhan28, BRRI dhan58, BRRI dhan67, BRRI dhan69, BRRI dhan74 and five dates of transplanting viz., 15 December, 30 December, 15 January, 30 January and 15 February. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results revealed that growth parameters, crop characters, yield components and yield were significantly influenced by variety, date of transplanting and their interactions. The leaf area index (LAI) and dry matter production hill-1 were highest in BRRI dhan69 when transplanted on 15 January whereas the lowest value was found in BRRI dhan28 when transplanted on 15 February. The number of effective tillers hill-1 (11.80), number of grains panicle-1 (130.90), 1000-grain weight (22.07 g), grain yield (4.96 t ha-1) and straw yield (6.64 t ha-1) were highest in BRRI dhan69 whereas corresponding lowest values were recorded in BRRI dhan28. The crop transplanted on 15 January produced the highest number of effective tillers hill-1 (12.81), highest number of grains panicle-1 (131.20), heaviest 1000-grain weight (21.93 g), highest grain yield (5.36 t ha-1) and highest straw yield (7.71 t ha-1). In case of interaction, the highest grain (5.90 t ha-1) and straw yields (7.87 t ha-1) were recorded in BRRI dhan69 transplanted on 15 January whereas the lowest grain and straw yields were recorded in BRRI dhan28 transplanted on 15 February. Therefore, it can be concluded that BRRI dhan69 along with 15 January transplanting appears as the promising combination in terms of grain and straw yields. J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(3): 301–308, 2019

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Sun, Ling, Mingyung Lee, Seoyoung Jeon, and Seongwon Seo. "Evaluation of the Associative Effects of Rice Straw with Timothy Hay and Corn Grain Using an In Vitro Ruminal Gas Production Technique." Animals 10, no. 2 (February 18, 2020): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10020325.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the associative effects of rice straw with timothy hay and corn grain. Using an automated gas production system, in vitro ruminal fermentation was studied for six substrates: 100% rice straw, 100% timothy hay, 100% corn grain, 50% rice straw and 50% timothy hay, 50% rice straw and 50% corn grain, and 50% rice straw, 25% timothy hay, and 25% corn grain. Incubation was performed in three batches with different rumen fluids to assess the in vitro ruminal gas production kinetics and rumen parameters (pH, NH3-N, volatile fatty acid (VFA), and true dry matter digestibility (TDMD)). The associated effects were tested by comparing the observed values of the composited feeds and the weighted means of individual feeds. There was a significant increase in NH3-N when rice straw was fermented with timothy hay, corn grain, or both (p < 0.05). TDMD increased when corn grain was co-fermented, and the total gas and VFA production increased when all three feeds were co-fermented. We conclude that the feed value of rice straw increases when fed to animals along with timothy hay and corn grain.

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Tuah, A. K., E. Lufadeju, E. R. Ørskov, and G. A. Blackett. "Rumen degradation of straw 1. Untreated and ammonia-treated barley, oat and wheat straw varieties and triticale straw." Animal Science 43, no. 2 (October 1986): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100002440.

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ABSTRACTThe dry-matter degradation of 19 varieties of barley, 14 varieties of wheat, 11 varieties of oats and one variety of triticale straws, both untreated and ammonia treated were studied using the nylon-bag technique. There were significant differences between the untreated varieties of all the types of cereal straw studied with respect to dry-matter loss (DML) values. When the barley and wheat straws were treated with ammonia, the differences between the varieties were also significant although ammonia treatment tended to improve those with lower values to a greater extent than those with higher values. There were also significant differences between the DML values of the oat straws when they were treated with ammonia but only after 48-h incubation. There was a significant negative relationship between the 48-h DML values of the untreated oat straws and the improvement in the DML values with ammonia treatment (r = −0·65; P < 0·05). Grain yield, straw length and nitrogen concentration had no significant relationship with the DML values of the untreated straws. Barley and oat straws had generally higher DML than the wheat and triticale straws.

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Oliveira, Priscila de, Adriano Stephan Nascente, and João Kluthcouski. "Soybean growth and yield under cover crops." Revista Ceres 60, no. 2 (April 2013): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-737x2013000200014.

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The use of cover crops in no-tillage systems can provide better conditions for the development of soybean plants with positive effects on grain yield and growth analysis techniques allow researchers to characterize and understand the behavior of soybean plants under different straw covers. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize, using growth analysis, yield components and agronomic performance of soybean under common bean, Brachiaria brizantha and pearl millet straws. The experiment was performed on a soil under cerrado in the municipality of Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three treatments (cover crops) and five replications. Soybean grain yield was lower in the B. brizantha straw treatment (3,708 kg ha-1) than both in the pearl millet (4.772 kg ha-1) and common bean straw treatments (5,200 kg ha-1). The soybean growth analysis in B. brizantha, pearl millet and common bean allowed characterizing the variation in the production of dry matter of leaves, stems, pods and total and leaf area index that provided different grain yields. The cover crop directly affects the soybean grain yield.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Grain straw"

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Gorial, Bassim Yousif. "Pneumatic methods for the separation of grain and straw." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315609.

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Day, Arden, Spencer Swingle, Brooks Taylor, Ian Pepper, and Martha Minnich. "Effects of Sewage Sludge on the Yield and Quality of Wheat Grain and Straw." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203802.

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Experiments were conducted in Avra Valley, Arizona, to study the use of digested liquid sewage sludge as a source of plant nutrients in the commercial production of grain and straw from wheat. Wheat grown with the recommended amount of plant -available nitrogen from sewage sludge produced the same grain yield as wheat grown with the same amount of nitrogen from inorganic fertilizer. Wheat grain and straw grown with sewage sludge and inorganic fertilizer had similar livestock feeding qualities. Fertilizing wheat with sewage sludge delayed maturity.

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Day, A. D., R. K. Thompson, and R. S. Swingle. "Effects of Sewage Sludge on Yield and Quality of Wheat Grain and Straw in an Arid Environment." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/554230.

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A 6-year experiment (1978) through 1983) was conducted at the Mesa Agricultural Center, Mesa Arizona, U.S.A. to study the effectiveness of dried sewage sludge as a fertilizer source for the production of grain and straw from 'Zaragoza' wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Three fertilizer treatments were applied each year before planting on a laveen loam soil, a member of the coarse-loamy, mixed, hyperthermic Typic Calciorthids. The treatments consisted of: (1) suggested rates of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in Arizona-160, 81, and 0 kg ha⁻¹ of N, P₂O₅, and K₂O; respectively; (2) 10 Mg ha⁻¹ of dried sewage sludge to supply N in amounts equal to the suggested rate; and (3) inorganic fertilizer to provide N, P, and K in amounts equal to those applied in the sewage sludge-160, 310, and 36 Kg ha⁻¹ of N, P₂O₅ and K₂O; respectively. Average number of days from planting to harvest, plant height, grain yield, grain volume-weight, and grain/straw ratio were similar for wheat grown with all fertilizer treatments. In vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) and total protein concentration in wheat grain were similar for all fertilizer treatments. In vitro dry matter disappearance and total protein concentrations in wheat straw grown with sewage sludge alone were higher than they were in straw from wheat grown with suggested N, P, and K from commercial fertilizer. Wheat grain and straw from all fertilizer treatments contained relatively low concentrations of cadmium, zinc, copper, lead and nickel. Concentrations of N, P, K, Na and total soluble salts were higher in soil fertilized with dried sewage sludge for 6 years than they were in the original soil.

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Poore, Matthew H. (Matthew Henry) 1959. "RUMEN PASSAGE RATES AND FIBER DIGESTIBILITIES FOR WHEAT STRAW, ALFALFA HAY AND FLAKED SORGHUM GRAIN IN MIXED DIETS FOR STEERS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276423.

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URIAS, ALEJANDRO RUBEN. "EFFECT OF DIETARY CONCENTRATE LEVELS ON IN SITU DRY MATTER DISAPPEARANCE, NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER DISAPPEARANCE AND DIGESTION KINETICS OF ALFALFA HAY, WHEAT STRAW AND STEAM PROCESSED AND FLAKED MILO GRAIN." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183830.

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A replicated 3 x 3 latin square design (3 periods and 6 rumen fistulated steers) was utilized to investigate the effect of dietary concentrate levels (30, 60 and 90%) on the in situ disappearance of dry matter (ISDMD) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and kinetics of fiber digestion of alfalfa hay, wheat straw and steam processed and flaked milo (SPFM). Concentrate levels of 30 and 60% did not affect (P > .05) ISDMD or NDF disappearance from any of the substrates. However, ISDMD and NDF disappearance of all substrates were depressed (P < .05) by the 90% concentrate diet. The degradation of the potentially digestible fiber in these substrates followed first order kinetics at all concentrate levels. Fiber digestion kinetics were not affected (P > .05) by dietary concentrate levels of 30 or 60%. Incubation of substrates in animals receiving the 90% concentrate diet resulted in lower potential extent of digestion (P > .05) and decreased rate of degradation (P > .05) for all substrates. However, digestion was not complete even after incubations of 168-h, and thus, it is possible that the potential extent of digestion was underestimated. For all substrates lag time of digestion appeared to increase in the 90% concentrate diet. However, influx of NDF-like material into the bag during incubation makes the validity of the lag times obtained in situ questionable. Ruminal pH was depressed in animals consuming the 90% concentrate diet and could be at least one of the factors responsible for the decreased (P > .05) fiber digestibility in this diet. Mean ruminal pH of 6.5 (30 and 60% concentrate diets) did not depress (P > .05) fiber digestibility while a mean pH of 6.2 resulted in a lower (P > .05) fiber digestibility in the rumen.

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Soľár, Slavomír. "Roštový parní kotel s přirozenou cirkulací na spalování slámy z pšenice,žita a ječmene." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232154.

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The main aim of this diploma thesis is to proceed a design of grate steam boiler for grain straw combustion with 15,6 MJ/kg of fuel efficiency. Steam power of boiler is 15 t/h, pressure of overheated steam is 5 MPa, temperature of overheated steam is 415 °C and temperature of inlet water is 125 °C. The estimation is based on proportioning of draughts and segments of boiler and on thermal computation. Verification of divergence of thermal balance is going to constate accuracy of boiler design.

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Pariz, Cristiano Magalhães. "Desempenhos técnicos e econômicos de um sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária com a cultura do milho e adubação nitrogenada de capins dos gêneros Panicum e Brachiaria sob irrigação no cerrado /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98826.

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Resumo: Na região do Cerrado, a integração lavoura-pecuária sob sistema plantio direto é uma das alternativas para elevar a produtividade e o desempenho econômico de sistemas agrícolas. O trabalho de pesquisa objetivou: 1) avaliar a produtividade de grãos da cultura de milho em épocas de consorciação com o Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia, Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu e Brachiaria ruziziensis; 2) avaliar a adubação nitrogenada dos capins após a colheita do milho em quatro épocas de corte no inverno/primavera quanto à produtividade de massa seca, a composição bromatológica, o índice ICF, a eficiência de conversão do N-fertilizante em forragem e a decomposição da palha após a última época de corte; 3) avaliar o efeito residual da adubação nitrogenada nos capins na cultura do milho em sucessão; 4) avaliar o desempenho econômico do milho consorciado, da pastagem adubada com nitrogênio, do milho em sucessão e do sistema como um todo, considerando o ganho de peso vivo médio diário de 0,2 e 0,6 kg/animal. Para atingir tais propósitos, foram conduzidos três experimentos sequenciais, durante os anos agrícolas de 2007/08 e 2008/09 na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão, da Faculdade de Engenharia - Unesp, Campus de Ilha Solteira, em um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico em condições de cerrado, com histórico de cinco anos sob sistema plantio direto. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. No experimento I (2007/2008), os tratamentos foram constituídos de oito consórcios da cultura do milho com capins (semeado simultaneamente ou por ocasião da adubação nitrogenada de cobertura) e do milho sem consorciação. No expetimento II, após a colheita da cultura do milho (2007/2008), em esquema de parcelas subdivididas constituídas pela ausência e doses de 200, 400 e 800 kg/ha/ano de N na ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In the Brazilian "Cerrado" conditions, the crop-livestock integration under no-tillage system is an alternative to increase the yield and the economic performance of agricultural systems. The present work aimed: 1) to evaluate corn grain yield under different intercropping times with Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia, Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu e Brachiaria ruziziensis; 2) to evaluate the nitrogen fertilization of the grasses after the corn harvest in four seasons cut in the winter/spring, considering the dry mass yield, chemical composition, ICF index, conversion efficiency of N-fertilizer on forage and the straw decomposition in "Litter-bags" after the last season of cut; 3) to evaluate the residual effect of nitrogen fertilization on grasses in corn crop in succession; 4) to evaluate to economic performance of corn intercropped, pasture fertilized with nitrogen, the corn crop in succession and the crop-livestock integration system as a whole, considering the daily weight gain of 0.2 and 0.6 kg/animal. To reach these purposes, they were conducted three sequenced studies during the 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 growing seasons, at Experimental Station from College of Engineering in Ilha Solteira, São Paulo State, Brazil, in a Red Latosol (Oxisol) in "Cerrado" conditions, with a history of five years under no-tillage system. The experimental design was a completely randomized block, with four replicates. In the experiment I (2007/2008), the treatments consisted of eigth methods for growing corn intercropped with Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania, Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, and Brachiaria ruziziensis, sown simultaneously or at time of side dressing nitrogen fertilization, besides single grown corn. In the experiment II, after the corn harvest (2007/2008), in split-plot scheme was applied urea at side dressing ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Marcelo Andreotti
Coorientador: Antonio Fernando Bergamaschine
Banca: Enes Furlani Júnior
Banca: Ciniro Costa
Mestre

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Pariz, Cristiano Magalhães [UNESP]. "Desempenhos técnicos e econômicos de um sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária com a cultura do milho e adubação nitrogenada de capins dos gêneros Panicum e Brachiaria sob irrigação no cerrado." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98826.

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Na região do Cerrado, a integração lavoura-pecuária sob sistema plantio direto é uma das alternativas para elevar a produtividade e o desempenho econômico de sistemas agrícolas. O trabalho de pesquisa objetivou: 1) avaliar a produtividade de grãos da cultura de milho em épocas de consorciação com o Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia, Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu e Brachiaria ruziziensis; 2) avaliar a adubação nitrogenada dos capins após a colheita do milho em quatro épocas de corte no inverno/primavera quanto à produtividade de massa seca, a composição bromatológica, o índice ICF, a eficiência de conversão do N-fertilizante em forragem e a decomposição da palha após a última época de corte; 3) avaliar o efeito residual da adubação nitrogenada nos capins na cultura do milho em sucessão; 4) avaliar o desempenho econômico do milho consorciado, da pastagem adubada com nitrogênio, do milho em sucessão e do sistema como um todo, considerando o ganho de peso vivo médio diário de 0,2 e 0,6 kg/animal. Para atingir tais propósitos, foram conduzidos três experimentos sequenciais, durante os anos agrícolas de 2007/08 e 2008/09 na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão, da Faculdade de Engenharia - Unesp, Campus de Ilha Solteira, em um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico em condições de cerrado, com histórico de cinco anos sob sistema plantio direto. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. No experimento I (2007/2008), os tratamentos foram constituídos de oito consórcios da cultura do milho com capins (semeado simultaneamente ou por ocasião da adubação nitrogenada de cobertura) e do milho sem consorciação. No expetimento II, após a colheita da cultura do milho (2007/2008), em esquema de parcelas subdivididas constituídas pela ausência e doses de 200, 400 e 800 kg/ha/ano de N na...
In the Brazilian “Cerrado” conditions, the crop-livestock integration under no-tillage system is an alternative to increase the yield and the economic performance of agricultural systems. The present work aimed: 1) to evaluate corn grain yield under different intercropping times with Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia, Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu e Brachiaria ruziziensis; 2) to evaluate the nitrogen fertilization of the grasses after the corn harvest in four seasons cut in the winter/spring, considering the dry mass yield, chemical composition, ICF index, conversion efficiency of N-fertilizer on forage and the straw decomposition in “Litter-bags” after the last season of cut; 3) to evaluate the residual effect of nitrogen fertilization on grasses in corn crop in succession; 4) to evaluate to economic performance of corn intercropped, pasture fertilized with nitrogen, the corn crop in succession and the crop-livestock integration system as a whole, considering the daily weight gain of 0.2 and 0.6 kg/animal. To reach these purposes, they were conducted three sequenced studies during the 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 growing seasons, at Experimental Station from College of Engineering in Ilha Solteira, São Paulo State, Brazil, in a Red Latosol (Oxisol) in “Cerrado” conditions, with a history of five years under no-tillage system. The experimental design was a completely randomized block, with four replicates. In the experiment I (2007/2008), the treatments consisted of eigth methods for growing corn intercropped with Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania, Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, and Brachiaria ruziziensis, sown simultaneously or at time of side dressing nitrogen fertilization, besides single grown corn. In the experiment II, after the corn harvest (2007/2008), in split-plot scheme was applied urea at side dressing ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Yang, Xiaoli. "Simulation of stray grain formation in single crystal Ni-based superalloy turbine blades." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424773.

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Marks, Leanne R. "Straw-Bale as a Viable, Cost Effective, and Sustainable Building Material for Use in Southeast Ohio." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1125775864.

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Books on the topic "Grain straw"

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Hemingway, Amanda. The Sword of Straw. New York: Random House Publishing Group, 2006.

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The sword of straw. New York: Del Rey, 2005.

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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Full Grain and Grain Split Cattle Hide and Kip Side Bag, Case, and Strap Leather Excluding Offal and Welting Leather. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Full-Grain and Grain-Split Cattle Hide and Kip Side Bag, Case, and Strap Leather Excluding Offal and Welting Leather. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Full-Grain and Grain-Split Cattle Hide and Kip Side Sole, Bag, Case, and Strap Leather Excluding Offal and Welting Leather. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Grain straw"

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Missotten, B., G. Strubbe, and J. De Baerdemaeker. "Accuracy of grain and straw yield mapping." In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Precision Agriculture, 713–22. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/1996.precisionagproc3.c85.

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Blümme, Michael, Anandan Samireddypalle, Perez Haider Zaidi, Vincent Vadez, Ramana Reddy, and Pasupuleti Janila. "Multidimensional crop improvement by ILRI and partners: drivers, approaches, achievements and impact." In The impact of the International Livestock Research Institute, 480–505. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789241853.0480.

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Abstract This chapter reviews the findings, outputs and outcomes of research on multidimensional crops in the tropics, focusing mainly on cereals and grain legumes. Specifically, the chapter addresses the: (i) establishment of crop residues (CRs) as traded commodities and their changing valuation as the impetus for multidimensional crop improvement; (ii) trait identification and development of infrastructure for quick and affordable phenotyping for CR fodder quality; (iii) exploitation of existing cultivar-dependent variations in CR fodder quality; (iv) targeted genetic enhancement for multitrait food-feed-fodder cultivars; (v) trade-offs between CR fodder traits and primary traits, notably grain and pod or straw yields; and (vi) outcomes of multidimensional crop improvement and future work.

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Hlisnikovský, Lukáš, Ladislav Menšík, Ladislav Holík, and Eva Kunzová. "The Influence of Long-Term Application of Organic Manures and NPK on Barley Grain and Straw Yields and Soil Properties." In Infrastructure and Environment, 87–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16542-0_12.

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Yetimwork, G. G., E. G. Awet, and M. Solomon. "Crop–Livestock Interaction for Improved Productivity: Effect of Selected Varieties of Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) on Grain and Straw Parameters." In Challenges and Opportunities for Agricultural Intensification of the Humid Highland Systems of Sub-Saharan Africa, 137–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07662-1_12.

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Yang, X. L., H. B. Dong, W. Wang, and P. D. Lee. "Simulation of Stray Grain Formation in Investment Cast Turbine Blades." In Solidification and Crystallization, 280–89. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527603506.ch30.

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DuPont, John N., and T. D. Anderson. "Stray Grain Formation and Solidification Cracking Susceptibility of Single Crystal Ni-Base Superalloy CMSX-4." In Hot Cracking Phenomena in Welds III, 429–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16864-2_22.

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Li, Yafeng, Lin Liu, Taiwen Huang, Dejian Sun, Jun Zhang, and Hengzhi Fu. "The Formation Mechanism, Influencing Factors and Processing Control of Stray Grains in Nickel-Based Single Crystal Superalloys." In Superalloys 2016, 293–301. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119075646.ch32.

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Dash, Manasi, Abinash Mishra, and Mahendra Kumar Mohanty. "Breeding Rice for Sustainable Bioenergy Production." In Rice [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98572.

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Bioenergy including biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass has immense potential to meet growing energy demand of the ever-growing world population. Bioenergy will help to mitigate the environmental problems arising due to burning of fossil fuels. Rice is the staple food for more than half of the world population and is grown in more than 100 countries. Rice straw is rich in lignocellulose and several technologies are available for efficient extraction and conversion of cellulose to ethanol. Thus, the surplus rice straw can be utilised to produce biofuel, so as to replace conventional fossil fuel sources. But it is reported that the present-day rice varieties showing high lignocellulosic straw biomass have low grain yield potential. Hence, it is important to re orient the breeding strategies for developing dual purpose rice varieties that are bioenergy efficient without compromising grain yield.

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"Mechanical Tests with Mycelium Stabilized Paper-Straw-Grain-Samples." In Built to Grow – Blending architecture and biology, 99–125. Birkhäuser, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783035607475-010.

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Perkins, John H. "Wheat, People, and Plant Breeding." In Geopolitics and the Green Revolution. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195110135.003.0005.

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Selecting improved varieties of wheat from among existing wheat plants is an ancient art that dates back thousands of years. In contrast, the deliberate generation of new varieties by controlled breeding is more recent. Wheat breeding developed from an arcane art practiced only by a few isolated individuals into a global community of professional scientists in the period from about the mid-eighteenth century to about 1925, but especially from about 1875 to 1925. Wheat improvement, however, ultimately involved more than just finding or creating varieties with greater utility. A relationship between people and wheat developed over the millennia that increasingly left both species in a state of ever higher mutual dependency. Put another way, wheat and people coevolved in ways that left neither much ability to prosper without the other. Professional wheat breeders occupied a pivotal role in this ongoing coevolutionary process, especially after the nineteenth century. An understanding of wheat breeding thus depends upon understanding how wheat and people “grew up together.” Wheat in everyday English designates a particular grassy plant that produces a starchy grain or seed. Most people think of wheat primarily in terms of this grain, which is used to make bread, cookies (biscuits), pastries, and pasta. Consumers easily distinguish between wheat and other grains such as rice, oats, maize, rye, and barley as they appear in manufactured products or as ready-to-consume grain in food stores. In contrast to their savvy as consumers, most urban dwellers probably could not differentiate between these grains in the farmer's field, particularly between wheat, rye, and barley. Nor could they necessarily give a good explanation of why wheat is particularly suitable for the products in which it is used. Moreover, they probably would be unfamiliar with other uses of wheat, such as using the grain for feed or the straw for fodder and roof thatching. Finally, in all likelihood these consumers would be hard-pressed to give details about the quantities of grain that can be obtained per hectare per year or much about how yields have increased in recent decades. In short, most consumers know and appreciate wheat but only on rather narrow and unsophisticated grounds.

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Conference papers on the topic "Grain straw"

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Cherepukhina, I. V., M. V. Kolesnikova, N. V. Bezler, A. I. Gromovik, N. S. Gorbunova, and Yu Yu Khatuntseva. "Application of micromycete (Humicola fuscoatra) to accelerate the decomposition of grain crops straw." In РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРИРОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В АГРОЦЕНОЗАХ. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-15.05.2020.24.

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One of the ways to maintain soil fertility is to use organic fertilizers. One of them can be straw of cereal crops (winter wheat and barley). However, the process of its decomposition can be delayed for several years. It is possible to accelerate the transformation process by using the native strain of cellulosolytic micromycete (Humicola fuscoatra VNIISS 016). Its introduction together with straw before plowing stabilizes agrophytocenosis. The experiments were carried out in laboratory under simulated conditions close to field ones. Scheme of the experiment: 1. Straw; 2. Straw + N (40 mg/4 g, which corresponds to 40 kg/ha); 3. Straw + N + H. fuscoatra + PC (nutritional supplement – molasses) (Kolesnikova M.V., 2014). As a result of the studies, it was established that winter wheat straw without additional components lost 0.86 g in weight (from the initial 4 g), 1.03 g when adding nitrogen fertilizer to the straw, and 1.49 g when using H. fuscoatra. We found that the addition of nitrogen to the straw stimulate the process of its transformation. Straw with nitrogen decompose faster than straw without any additives (by 41.5%). However, the addition of the native strain of micromycete accelerate the process by 48.3%. Barley straw lost 0.82 g in weight, straw with nitrogen fertilizer lost 1.06 g, straw and H. fuscoatra – 1.13 g. Further, the decomposition rate increased in the following row: straw → straw + N, where the speed was 26.7% higher → straw + N + H. fuscoatra, the decomposition rate is – 85.3% higher.

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Adamcikova, E. Y., A. Y. Tsarev, A. R. Kostrov, and T. I. Vovk. "SYSTEM FOR SETTING PARAMETERS OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF COMBINE HARVESTERS." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS. DSTU-PRINT, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.1.332-335.

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The introduction of new precision farming technologies is carried out in order to ensure high reliability of combines, ease of operation and high efficiency. Each modern combine harvester must be equipped with an electronic system for effective control and management of the machine-an on-Board computer (BC), which would allow maintaining the uniformity of the grain mass flow and stabilizing the allocation of grain from the straw pile, with the agrophone changing in the field (yield, flatness, clogging, moisture content of grain and straw, etc.).

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Trofymenko, P. I., V. I. Zatserkovnyi, O. V. Zubova, N. V. Trofimenko, and F. I. Borysov. "Remote diagnostics of grain straw yield based on soil areal scenarios." In 17th International Conference on Geoinformatics - Theoretical and Applied Aspects. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201801811.

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Tukmacheva, E. V., and O. F. Khamova. "THE DEPENDENCE OF GRAIN YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT ON THE INTENSITY OF CELLULOSE DECOMPOSITION IN MEADOW-CHERNOZEM SOIL." In 11-я Всероссийская конференция молодых учёных и специалистов «Актуальные вопросы биологии, селекции, технологии возделывания и переработки сельскохозяйственных культур». V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25230/conf11-2021-246-249.

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We studied the cellulolytic activity of the winter wheat rhizosphere soil in a stationary field experiment with the application of mineral nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers (N15P23 per hectare of crop rotation area), straw, and seed inoculation. We estimated the crop yield depending on the intensity of cellulose decomposition in the soil. We established that the intensity of cellulose decomposition in the rhizosphere of winter wheat was most affected by the application of mineral fertilizers, as well as the combination of the application of mineral fertilizers, straw, and seed inoculation with the biopreparation rhizoagrin before sowing.

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Kataev, V. S., K. V. Kirimova, and A. S. Mikhajlova. "ABOUT THE TASK OF CONTROLLING THE QUALITY INDICATORS OF THE COMBINE HARVESTER." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS. DSTU-PRINT, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.1.590-592.

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The article analyzes the conditions of the task of controlling the quality indicators of the combine harvester, considers the factors that affect the quality of the technological process of harvesting. Approaches to the use of piezoelectric transducers for measuring the loss of free grain during cleaning and straw handling of a combine harvester are considered.

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Kruteakova, V., Nina V. Pilyak, V. Dishliuk, and O. Nikipelova. "The influence of bioderified on the basis of urban wastewater sediments on agricultural productivity on the example of corn on grain." In International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.27.

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Sewage sludge (SS) is a secondary resource that can be used in modern biotechnology to produce fertilizers. This is the bioconversion of organic waste – obtaining available organic raw materials (compost) with the participation of phosphate-mobilizing microorganisms with the addition of fillers. Biofertilizers based on SS of biological treatment plants (SBU) "Southern" and "Northern" of Odessa with different fillers (winter wheat straw and sunflower seed husk) were studied. The effectiveness of biofertilizers was studied in a field experiment on chernozem ordinary medium humus. Culture in the experiment: corn for grain (medium-ripe hybrid FAO 400). According to the results of determining the biological activity of the soil, the highest indicators of corn yield are shown when using new biofertilizers in comparison with the control, which provided an increase in corn yield per grain and improved economic performance.

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Sirisuwan, Porakoch, Chieko Narita, Tetsushi Koshino, and Akihiko Goto. "The Investigation of Traditional Japanese Trowel: Part 1 — Process Analysis and Surface Observation." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63425.

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The purpose of this study was to study the history of traditional Japanese trowel process. The research study were conducted the trowel blade which was made from SK5 steel. Microstructure and grain sizes were accurately measured by using the optical microscope (OM). The resultant microstructures of hardening were observed as martensite. After the tempering process, the result of microstructure found the temper-martensite structure. In the hardening process was heated up 800–850°C to austenite structure and quenched in cooling oil. Moreover, in the annealing process was quenched into straw ashes for cooling after heat up until 750°C. All heat treatment temperature and surface quality were observed and controlled by eyesight and experience of Japanese expert.

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Sviridova, O. V., N. I. Vorobyov, Ya V. Pukhalsky, O. N. Kurchak, O. P. Onishchuk, V. I. Safronova, I. G. Kuznetsova, and V. N. Pishchik. "Ability of the soil cellulolytic bacteria to colonize endophytic niche of barley grains." In РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРИРОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В АГРОЦЕНОЗАХ. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-15.05.2020.20.

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To identify microorganisms that can penetrate into the endophytic niche of the grain of barley plants, many years of vegetative experiments were conducted on sod-podzolic soil without the use of mineral fertilizers. In the non-growing season, a biological product, consisting of cellulolytic association of bacteria with genotypic passport, decomposed barley straw. Presowing treatment of seeds was not carried out, therefore, during the growing season; local microorganisms decomposing plant residues could be present in the barley rhizosphere. After six years of rotation of barley plants, the microbiological composition of its seed niche was studied. As a result, it was found that in the seeds of barley bacteria are present in an amount of 240 ± 20 CFU/g of grain. Isolated pure cultures of microorganisms were identified as Cellulomonas gelida, Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus licheniformis by the sequence of ITS fragments of 16S rRNA. These types of bacteria were also present in the used biological product. Based on the research conducted, it can be assumed, that permanent cultivation of barley plants and sowing of seeds of the previous year can contribute to the formation of effective microbial and plant biosystems that are resistant to environmental stress.

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ARLAUSKIENĖ, Aušra, Viktorija GECAITĖ, and Danutė JABLONSKYTĖ-RAŠČĖ. "THE EVALUATION OF THE COMPATIBILITY OF CEREAL AND GREEN MANURE ON THE BASIS OF NUTRIENTS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.039.

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Research was carried out at the Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry’s (LAMMC) Joniškėlis Experimental Station on a clay loam Endocalcari Endohypogleyic Cambisol. The study was aimed to explore the aboveground mass of perennial forage legumes: red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), and their mixtures with festulolium (x Festuliolium), used as green manure, qualitative parameters and compatibility with cereals on the basis of nutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). The deficiency of other nutrients (P, K) and intensity of green manure mineralization can lead to N absorption. It has been determined that winter wheat takes one kg of N together with 0.2 kg P and 0.6 kg K. Spring wheat requires a similar amount of P but a higher amount of K. Average winter wheat grain yield can be 4.0 t ha-1 on a clay loam Cambisol in organic cropping system. NPK content – 134 kg ha-1 is needed for such productivity (grain + straw). This content is lower for spring winter growing. P:N and K:N ratios are more favourable in perennial forage legume mixture with festulolium, as compared to legume alone. To obtain grain yields of 4 t ha-1 of winter wheat and 3 t ha-1 of spring wheat in balanced organic crop rotation it is sufficient to apply 3.0 and 2.0 t ha-1 DM of pure legume mass as green manure. “Cut-and-carry” fertilisers do not satisfy the wheat demand for P.

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Vitek, J. M., S. S. Babu, J. W. Park, and S. A. David. "Analysis of Stray Grain Formation in Single-Crystal Nickel-Based Superalloy Welds." In Superalloys. TMS, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.7449/2004/superalloys_2004_459_465.

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