Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Grammaire cognitive'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Grammaire cognitive.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Sattonnet, Marie-Cécile. "Etude comparée de la grammaire cognitive de Ronald W. Langacker et des grammaires énonciatives." Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOL028.
Full textBiskri, Ismaïl. "La grammaire categorielle combinatoire applicative dans le cadre de la grammaire applicative et cognitive." Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0044.
Full textApplicative and combinatory categorial grammar is an extension of steedman's combinatory categorial grammar by a canonical association between rules and curry's combinators on one hand and metarule which control type-raising operations on the other hand. This model is included in the general framework of applicative and cognitive grammar (descles) with three levels of representation : (a) phenotype (concatened expressions); (b) genotype (applicative expres sions); (c) the cognitive representations (meaning of linguistic predicates). The aim of the paper is : (a) an automatic parsing of phenotype expressions that are underlying to sentences; (b) the building of applicative expressions. The theoritical analysis is applied to spurious ambiguity and coordination
Schwarz, Monika. "Kognitive Semantiktheorie und neuropsychologische Realität : repräsentationale und prozedurale Aspekte der semantischen Kompetenz /." Tübingen : M. Niemeyer, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35599434c.
Full textAubois, Elisabeth. "Make dans la grammaire de l'anglais : une approche cognitive." Bordeaux 3, 2011. https://extranet.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/memoires/diffusion.php?nnt=2011BOR30006.
Full textHounhouayenou-Toffa, Adjovi Ernest. "La notion d'irréel et ses avatars terminologiques dans les grammaires françaises et anglophones de l'anglais." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL072.
Full textBased on a vast corpus of grammars and dictionaries of linguistic terminology, all published between the 16th and the 21st centuries in the French and Anglophone traditions, this thesis exposes and unravels the paradoxes raised by the term irréel and its equivalent unreal(ity). If several studies have indeed analysed the linguistic expression of unreality in present-day English, only few have shed light on the discontinuity between the unspecialised use of the term and the specialised one. Notwithstanding that it is a conventional term in the French grammatical tradition, irréel and its equivalent unreal(ity) are often portrayed as referring to nebulous and abstract notions, with polymorphic terminological manifestations, which explains why their adequacy and usefulness are at stake in linguistic descriptions. Our corpus-based approach thus seeks to explain and ultimately solve the problem posed by the complex terminological web that arises out of these notions. A careful perusal of our corpus reveals that, in view of the way unreality is conceptualised in French and Anglophone grammars, non-factuality cannot be conceived as a binary category. In line with the socio-cognitive approach to terminology, we suggest a modelisation of unreality that is articulated around a prototype structure
Coulson, Seana. "Semantic leaps : frame-shifting and conceptual blending in meaning construction /." Cambridge ; New York ; Madrid : Cambridge university press, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37685618z.
Full textFrohning, Dagmar. "Kausalmarker zwischen Pragmatik und Kognition : Korpusbasierte Analysen zue Variation im Deutschen /." Tübingen : M. Niemeyer, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb411394282.
Full textAlexandridou, Dimitra. "Fonctions primaires et filtrage de l’information dans une perspective multilingue." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCD076/document.
Full textOur thesis proposes data mining within the framework of Natural Language Processing(NLP) according to the theory of Cognitive Grammar (Langacker 1987, 1991).Providing examples from French, English and Modern Greek, we investigate theappropriate units for data mining. A function is defined as an operation involving adependent morpheme, for ex. a verb or a suffix, and an autonomous morpheme, for ex.a noun ; certain functions are primary in the sense that they are psychologically moresalient ; these are verbal or deverbal dependent morphemes that profile differently onesame processual scene. In order to get an automatic data mining at the phrastic level, wefirst need to prepare dictionaries of inflection and of deverbal derivation. We are takingthe first steps by analysing exhaustively the verbal inflection of English, French andModern Greek and we build electronic dictionaries of all their inflected forms
Bordignon, Frédérique. "Une approche cognitive du potentiel sémantique et constructionnel du verbe "casser"." Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/66/01/56/PDF/2003CLF20013.pdf.
Full textThis work deals with the semantic and constructional potential of "casser". It fits into the Cognitive Grammar framework (Langacker, 1987) and ore particularly the Network model that provides two types of categorisation relationship and the concepts of schema and prototype that helps giving account of the various usages of a lexical item. These usages have been identified thanks to a corpus of literary and journalistic texts. Moreover, experiments have been made with French speakers (sentences classification) and french-slovak bilingual speakers in order to better define the semantic of the French verbs "casser" and "briser" and the relationship that unites one with the other. For the description of the constructional potential, "casser" is compared to "couper. They share the same syntactic behaviour as far as abstracts uses of "casser" and all the uses of "couper" are concerned. This phenomenon is described in terms of transitivity and ergativity as they have been described by Davidse (1998)
Altleitner, Margret. "Der Wellness-Effekt : die Bedeutung von Anglizismen aus der Perspektive der kognitiven Linguistik /." Frankfurt am Main : P. Lang, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41068770w.
Full textPiotrowski, David. "Structures applicatives et langage naturel. Recherche sur les fondements du modele : grammaire applicative et cognitive." Paris, EHESS, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990EHES0319.
Full textThe thesis aims at a recognition of the language structure at a logico-algebraic level of analysis, as at founding the model of the applicative and cognitive grammar. In the first chapter one proves that the formal system of the combinatiry logic developped by the logician h. B. Curry establishes a "minimal linguistic theory", i. E. A formal framework organizing the primitive modes of construction, substitution and integration. In the second chapter, one investigates the glossematic theory developped by the linguist l. Hjelmslev. Furthemore, one makes explicit the principal concepts in order to formalize them in the framework of the minimal theory. In order to achieve such a goal, one develops a type system able to constrain the minimal theory according to the glossematic order. The fourth chapter deals with a comparison between the systep of applicative grammar of s. K. Shaumyan and the glossematic one. One can show that the glossematic theory remodels and generalize shaumyan's theory and ensures epistemological foundations. Finally, one suggests an implementation of applicative grammar according with the principles of z. Pylyshyn within the symbolic paradigm of cognitive sciences
Baldauf, Christa. "Metapher und Kognition : Grundlagen einer neuen Theorie der Alltagsmetapher /." Frankfurt am Main : P. Lang, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37752576p.
Full textJarno-El, Hilali Guénola. "Enseigner et apprendre la grammaire : le cas de la phrase et de la ponctuation au cycle II." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00625451.
Full textMa, Yifan. "Iconicité dans la grammaire du chinois." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOL009/document.
Full textThe notion of iconicity has become an interesting topic in the Western cognitive linguistics today. We chose to study the problem of iconicity in the context of Chinese grammar. Like any "ideographic" language, the Mandarin Chinese reveal a high degree of iconicity by his writing. In the history of Chinese linguistics, many studies have been done on the similarity between the form of the Chinese character and the sense which it represents. However, we only began to develop the notion of iconicity in the phonetic and syntactic domains with the introduction of cognitive linguistics in China thirty years ago. In this thesis, we will develop the notion of iconicity in the grammar of Chinese in three aspects by giving abundant exemples: phonetics, Chinese characters and syntax
Rudel, Audrey. "Représentation sémantico-conceptuelle et construction du sens : l'adjectif et sa combinatoire avec d'autres expressions." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF20018.
Full textThis work is concerned with the problems which surround the complexity of adjectivalsemantics. As the adjective is at the heart of this thesis, we firstly seek to define it and, in doingso, we bring to light its characteristics, and in particular its flexibility. We consider theadjective when used in noun modification before turning to the place of the adjective withregards to the noun and, finally, considering the changes in meaning between adjectives in theanteposition and postposition.Inevitably, our reflection concerns not only the notion of meaning but also meaningconstruction,which we consider as a dynamic process. We focus upon the activation of theinformation as well as the problems linked to meaning-construction of Adj-N and N-Adjexpressions. We pay particular attention to lexical polysemy; this phenomenon being centralto language.The framework for our research is that of R.W. Langacker’s Cognitive Grammar(1987, 1991, 2008). We, thus, study the adjective as well as the Adj-N/N-Adj combinations inlight of this theory. Our reasoning brings us to question, among other things, the semanticconceptualrepresentation associated with adjectives which offer multiple meanings.We postulate that any linguistic expression is associated, in a speaker-hearer’scognitive device, with an abstract structure of organized information. Our reflection turns tothe representation of lexical items which offer multiple meanings in Cognitive Grammar. TheSchematic Network Model is used to allow us to take into account different meanings of alexeme as well as the links between them. On the basis of D. Tuggy’s works (1993), wesuggest distributing the semantic-conceptual representations of words with multiple meaningsalong a continuum going from homonymy to vagueness, and including polysemy andmultifaciality. Finally, we offer an analysis of the adjectives pauvre, cher and curieux whichhave multiple meanings, once again within the framework of Cognitive Grammar. For each ofthese adjectives, we establish a semantic-conceptual representation and we offer the semanticregularities connected to meaning-construction when these adjectives are combined with anoun
Desagulier, Guillaume. "Modélisation cognitive de la variation et du changement linguistiques : étude de quelques cas de constructions émergentes en anglais contemporain." Bordeaux 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR30039.
Full textThis dissertation explores the mechanisms of variation and language change within the cognitive framework of Construction Grammars. From a usage-based perspective, a construction is both conservative and innovative. On the one hand, the symbolic form/meaning pairing is relatively stabilized insofar as it is the conventional product of an abstraction from linguistic experience on a collective scale. On the other hand, speakers do not reproduce exactly the same pairings, which makes reanalysis possible. That differential defines a zone of potential development for each construction, which is precisely what enables grammar to keep pace with language flexibility. Our working assumption is that it is by studying intermediate forms that we can gain a better understanding of creativity and innovation, from both a linguistic and a cognitive perspective. That is why we argue in favor of a Fuzzy Construction Grammar. Our case studies tend to show that form/function reshuffling is best understood as a grammatical blend, for which we offer a new definition, based on a critical examination of the works by Fauconnier and Turner (1996). We see those constructional integration networks as the keystone of our model. They hinge on the following principle: a construction that is cognitively salient provides solid ground for structure of speakers' mental grammar. This stable symbolic unit can thus (i) be retrieved wholly or partially to provide a template for the composition of new constructions (ii) help speakers/hearers gain access to more complex pairings
Peuziat, Martine. "Compréhension de certaines relations d'inclusion par des enfants de 5 à 11 ans en fonction des variables de langue de présentation du matériel et des tâches." Bordeaux 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR21018.
Full textWe have studied the understanding of 5 to 11 years old children of inclusive utterances such as "ts les sx, y" in relation to variation of utterance, task and materiel presentation. The "tous" is here not considered as a logical operator but as a discursive one. In all utterances, relations between x and y predicates are aleatory. This enable us to get round difficulty : in the famous Piaget's tests known as "marguerites et des fleurs" and the one of "perles et des perles en bois", the relation between the both predicates is compulsory and universal without any need of experimental verification; to assert that margerites are flowers could not be sufficient to conclude that the child is "inclusive" all the more so since he doesn't obligatory make precise conclusion. On the other hand if utterance is "tous les dessins carrés sont rouges", nobody can answer without trying to find experimentaly the possible presence of conter-examples. This search and the taking into account of conter-examples are therefore considered as indication of inclusion in our work. After a short remember of previous works directly about inclusion or apparently more away from our works but inspired by the same philosophy, we expose our results. Those are not presented under the form of a "success error
Chalozin-Dovrat, Lin. "Les rapports entre le temps et l'espace dans les théories linguistiques." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040013.
Full textOver the past few decades, a considerable number of studies in linguistics and the cognitive sciences have put forward the claim that the expression of time in language relies on the cognition of space. This study aims to show that the scientific discourse on time–space relations in language and cognition is an epistemological object, shaped by its history and disciplinary motivations. Thus, the predominant research framework of time–space relations is the product of an intricate network of interests which do not necessarily facilitate the research of the scientific object. In the first part of the study we show that relations between time and space changed through the history of both language and the theory of language. In the second part, we explore the theoretical trend of the spatialization of time in the writings of key philosophers and grammarians of the Enlightenment, and in the oeuvre of the French linguist Gustave Guillaume (1883-1960). In the third part we examine the paradigm of spatial priority in cognitive linguistics from the 1970s until today. The conclusions of the study lead us to put forth some proposals for the future research of time, space and the time–space interface in language
Meunier, Jean-Marc. "Les primitives sémantiques et l'organisation des significations d'actions." Paris 8, 1999. https://hal-univ-paris8.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01098003.
Full textRouabhi, Miloud. "Analyse sémantico-cognitive de prépositions en vue d'un traitement automatique." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL032.
Full textThis study aims to unify in a single approach the descriptions given by cognitive semantics and associated representations, studied by formal semantics. Cognitive semantics consists to associate the meanings of the analyzed with schemes. Formal semantics consists in studying the modes of representation of these schemes and the relations to the observables. Our study is based on the general model developed at the Paris-Sorbonne University in the LaLIC group, using the GAC model (Applicative and Cognitive Grammar) and GRACE (GRammar Applicative Cognitive and Enunciative), these two models use the one hand to the topology and on the other hand to the combinatory logic in order to an automatic processing of meanings. We have chosen to study the problem of the three prepositions: dans, sous and à of French and their equivalences in Arabic, this leads us to search for invariants associated with these three prepositions or relators, the preposition dans refers to the interiority of a place, be it spatial, temporal, spatial-temporal, notional or activity and the preposition sous refers to a specific place or generated by another place whose closing is taken. The preposition à refers to the closing of a place, here the place is cognitive or abstract place, sufficiently general that according to the context can take more particular values
Ašić, Tijana Reboul Anne Moeschler Jacques. "La représentation cognitive du temps et de l'espace étude pragmatique des données linguistiques en français et dans d'autres langues /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2004. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2004/asic_t.
Full textThèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr.
Hamdi, Sondes. "Conceptual metaphors of time in English and in Arabic : a comparative cognitive study." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25428/25428.pdf.
Full textBrannon, Katrina. "Une approche cognitive de la langue émotionnelle dans l’œuvre de John Keats." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL133.
Full textThis thesis presents a linguistic analysis of a selection of poems by John Keats: specifically, the expression and verbalization of emotion by way of language the twenty-six poems that compose the poetic corpus upon which this research is founded. The linguistic approach taken is a cognitive approach, based on the theories of cognitive linguistics, cognitive grammar, and cognitive poetics. Conceptual Metaphor and Metonymy Theory also play an important role in the poetic and grammatical analyses. The approach concerning emotion is an embodied one, based in language, philosophy, and with support from neurobiological research. The goal of this thesis is to examine the ways in which emotion is expressed within Keatsian poetry by a close interrogation of the language itself, thus holding the view that the lexical and grammatical elements—and their semantics—that compose the verses and poems themselves are essential to the salience of the poetic rendering of emotional experience
Passot, Virginie. "La première phrase de roman est-elle une phrase comme les autres ? La spécificité ressentie de l'initiale romanesque, caractérisations linguistiques à l'aide d'un corpus en langue anglaise." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040278.
Full textDespite being neglected by theorists for the larger notion of incipit, it is generally accepted that the first sentence of a novel is special. Taking the point of view of the reader, this dissertation aims at characterizing this specificity and identifying its causes and effects, using the tools and concepts of linguistics. 402 first sentences were studied, taken from novels published from 1980 to 2011 and written in English. Beginnings are cognitive non-sense. The opening sentence inherits this specificity and places the reader in front of the arbitrariness inherent to creation. The emerging fictional discourse also raises the question of its logical status and makes the opening sentence appear as a hinge between reality and fiction. For literature theorists and structuralists, beginnings have functions (programmatic, codifying). Also, the first sentence is often seen as a crucial brick in the fictional apparatus. It is the opening fringe of a new speech territory, ie a game one, and the edge where enunciative authority is being transferred from the author onto the narrator. It sets the enunciative and narrative frame-work of the story, as well as its first contents, of which readers elaborate mental representations. A study of the anatomy of the corpus reveals its lack of grammatical specificity, part of the game being for the opening sentence not to appear as such. The result is an enigmatic sentence which, for the purpose of the game, hijacks cognitive functions meant for serious matters. This cognitive hijacking is a seduction, it facilitates fictional immersion, which also is an aesthetic experience. The specificity of the first sentence is cognitive and affective
Barnabé, Aurélie. "Corps, perception, déplacements : de l'expérience kinesthésique à la cognition linguistique : étude du schème du chemin en grammaire et sémantique anglaises et statut de ce schème en linguistique cognitive." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR30063.
Full textLinguistic structures are considered to be underlain by conceptual structures in cognitive linguistics. Image schemas belong to these structures. Schemas are shaped on the basis of bodily and socially-anchored experience, which gives them a cultural and sensor-motor status. The present study demonstrates that syntactic and lexical characteristics of image-schemas can be identified, on the basis of Lakoff and Johnson’s theories (1987), while examining language usages. This study specifically focuses on the PATH-schema, which will be investigated through two corpus-based analyses. The first sample of occurrences, made up of 500 examples, is a corpus-illustrated analysis, which exemplifies all the types of paths that have been elaborated in cognitive linguistics. The second sample of occurrences is a corpus-driven analysis, made up of 1000 examples, which are divided into four verbs’ usages, i.e. come, go, rise, and fall. We are aiming at detecting the syntactic and semantic patterns of the PATH-schema. Our goal leads us to examine the notion of « embodiment », namely the conceptualization and the evidence of the embodied link of the individual to the environment, left in lexical constructions. Our data display several verbs involved in abstract descriptions. These usages will lead us to explore the status of the PATH-schema, and focus on its syntactic and semantic specificities, particularly when this schema underlies semantic extensions of come, go, rise, and fall. Issues concerning the verbs’ polysemy, their prototypical definition, and their potential grammaticalization, will contribute to revealing the cognitive reality of the PATH-schema. Finally, the quantity of verbs’ « abstract » usages, will lead us to investigate the notion of « embodiment », as cognitive linguistics defines it
Kone, Kiyofon Antoine. "Semantic analysis of the use classifiers in Tagbana." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25861.
Full textAn examination of the literature on this topic of classifiers in African languages reveals that in general the use of classifiers has been treated as conditioned by a pure morphological process, independent of any semantic and conceptual basis. Viewing the phenomenon from the perspective of the mental conditions underpinning the use of classifiers in discourse, within both the Guillaumean and cognitive grammar frameworks, it has been demonstrated that classifiers have a cognitive function: they structure the experiential domain of Tagbana speaker into six conceptual categories. Investigations into the uses of the classifier k, l, m, p, t, and w in discourse indicate that there are six conceptual categories through which Tagbana speakers view the input from the universe of experience: The concept of high-scale animacy designated by the classifier w; The concept of inanimacy designated by the classifier k; The concept of discontinuity designated by the classifier l; The concept of homogeneity designated by the classifier m; The concept of plurality with loss of individuation designated by the classifier t; The concept of plurality with maintenance of individuation designated by p. These mental categories allow the speakers’ conceptualizations of any experiential entity. A classifier can be defined, therefore, as a linguistic means which allows and makes explicit the speaker’s conceptualization of the experiential entity being talked about.
Montes-Rendón, Azucena. "Contribution à un modèle quasi-topologique pour la sémantique des langues." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040131.
Full textThis work presents a formal semantic analysis in natural languages, particularly in propositions and their associated prefixes, sur (on), sous (under), par (through) in French an sobre (on) in Spanish. We propose a theory of abstract places, as for a descriptive method for building an invariant meaning of these linguistics units. Many linguists have recognized the necessity of topological analysis for studying the spatial and temporal concepts encoded in languages. However, it seems to us that the elementary topology which has been defined for mathematical analysis, has not captured properly the linguistic problems in adequate way. For example, the notion of boundary which is expressed in languages shouldn't refer always to a point or a limit. We propose a theory of abstract places called " Abstract Loci Theory ". The theory make us of operators of Kuratowski's algebra for an elementary topology. The operators of interiority, exteriority, closure and boundary are defined with new properties such that we obtain a theory of "quasi-topology". The present study is based on the Grammar Applicative and Cognitive model (GA &C)
Mazaleyrat, Hélène. "Vers une approche linguistico-cognitive de la polysémie : Représentation de la signification et construction du sens." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00545777.
Full textVanleene, François. "Le role de l'anticipation dans l'apprentissage d'une langue seconde : etudes et applications didactiques pour l'enseignement du francais langue etrangere." Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE2005.
Full textThis study intends to decrypt experimentally the interpreting process in the learning of a second language such as French, by questioning the traditional concept of analytical decoding and by substituting it the principle of anticipation. Our hypothesis is that utterances are not understood through a continuous and chronological adding of signs, but is rather constructed from invariant procedures of identification of the meaning and from the recognition of structures and universal schemes. The first chapter prepares the ground for this research by introducing three essential theories which could explain the phenomenon of anticipation: the theories of Universal Grammar (Chomsky), of Enunciative and Predicative Operations (Culioli) and of General Semantics (Pottier). We discuss the various prospects brought by these theories and we relate them with the topic of our research. In the second chapter, we present the iconographic material we have conducted our experiment with, the advantages of which consist in being neutral, syntactically adjustable andinterpretable in the subjects’ native tongue as much as in the target language. We introduce the Chinese participants and the principles of our experiment, which consists in converting oral utterances to iconographic sequences. We present the linguistic features of the sentences we have used by the aid of the theories we reviewed in the first section. In our third chapter, we make the analysis of the 14 subjects’ productions by taking account of the nature of the chosen icons, the order in which they are selected and their placement in the sequences. These three parameters allow us to reveal various schemes of anticipation and to confirm the theory according to which comprehension is a process of reconstruction from conceptual, cognitive and linguistic knowledge. The last chapter sums the experiment up, summarize our conclusions and test them against the theories about language universals and invariants. It defines also some possible threads that can be followed in the field of language acquisition and which consider the role of anticipation
Sallandre, Marie-Anne. "Les unités du discours en Langue des Signes Française : tentative de catégorisation dans le cadre d'une grammaire de l'iconicité." Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00185376.
Full textGretchko, Valerij. "Die Zaum'-Sprache der russischen Futuristen /." Bochum : Projekt Verl, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38872340v.
Full textDaynovska, Denitsa. "Analyse de quelques préverbes et prépositions français et bulgares dans une perspective cognitive et formelle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040098/document.
Full textThis thesis analyses some preverbs and prepositions in Bulgarian (v/v-, iz/iz-) and in French (dans, hors de, en-/in-, é-/ex-) within the framework of the cognitive and formal semantics, the Cognitive and Applicative Grammar (CAG) in particular. The formalisation using quasi-topological scheme and abstract loci allows the construction of appropriate representations and the formulation of an abstract invariant meaning for each item. The analysis leads to the construction of a semantic map of the interior and exterior meanings of the studied items which underlines the similarities, the differences and the oppositions between the meanings of different preverbs and prepositions within a single language as well as between the two languages, Bulgarian and French. The results of the analysis show that each language builds its own representations using invariant primitives and that, even if some of the studied meanings are very similar, it is impossible to establish absolute equivalencies between them. This study contributes to argue for the anti-anti-relativist hypothesis of the CAG
Gomez, Lucia. "Conceptualisation et expression linguistique de l'évènement émotionnel en espagnol (L1/L2) et en français : une approche cognitive : analyse linguistique et proposition didactique." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENL022/document.
Full textThe aim of this Ph.D. Thesis, which is based on the theoretical framework of Cognitive Linguistics, is to identify and characterize (in a descriptive and contrastive manner) the resources related to the expression of the change of emotion event in Spanish (L1 and L2) and French (L1). Thanks to our findings, but also to other data sources, we were also able to make some pedagogical propositions for the teaching of the notions of change and emotion in a second language
Este trabajo de investigación, que se inscribe en el marco teórico de la lingüísticacognitiva, responde al objetivo de repertoriar y caracterizar los recursos necesariospara la expresión del evento de cambio emocional en español (L1 y L2) y en francés(L1), bajo un enfoque tanto descriptivo como contrastivo. Los resultados obtenidos,junto con otras fuentes, han permitido formular algunas recomendaciones didácticaspara la enseñanza de las nociones de cambio y emoción en lengua extranjera
Leroy, Sandrine. "Troubles de la généralisation dans les grammaires de construction chez des enfants présentant des troubles spécifiques du langage." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100219/document.
Full textConstruction grammars argue that language structures progressively emerge thanks to the use of general cognitive processes. Theoretical hypotheses suggest that complexity and structure of morphosyntactic forms can only be explained in a constructivist perspective in which children develop their new forms by making more complex and generalizing their own prior utterances. These hypotheses have been already tested with children with typical language development (TLD) but few studies were interested in children with specific language impairment (SLI). These hypotheses give new interesting theoretical perspectives for apprehending their language disorders better. Children with SLI present a lack of syntactic productivity and a more important input dependency. These observations are compatible with the hypothesis of a lack of generalization of construction schemas. Consequently, the children’s abstraction of construction schemas would be slowed down compared to children with TLD’s abstraction. The current doctoral thesis studies the hypothesis of a lack of generalization in children with SLI by analyzing more particularly the role of analogical mapping. The results obtained are promising and in agreement with our hypothesis. If studies about the role of analogical mapping as a factor explaining the disorders in children with SLI are attractive, other considerations have still to be explored for strengthening our hypotheses
Hoelbeek, Thomas. "The spatial expressions containing French 'travers' and Italian 'traverso': a functional semantic description from diachronic perspective." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209319.
Full textThe period covered consists of four hundred years (from the 16th until the end of the 19th Century). The constructions under analysis conform to the pattern [PREP1 (+ article) + travers(o) (+ PREP2)], viz. the French expressions 'à travers (de)', 'au travers (de)', 'en travers (de)', 'de travers' and their Italian formal equivalents 'a traverso/at(t)raverso (a, di, per)', 'al traverso (di)', 'in traverso (di)' and 'di traverso (a)' ('traverso (a)', without PREP1, is included too). These expressions, and especially their prepositional uses, are assumed to be intrinsically dynamic. However, they are no pure prepositions, in that all of them can be used in at least two different syntactic roles. More specifically, some are principally found as a preposition, and secondarily as an adverb; others behave mostly as an adverb, but also as an adjective; finally, certain expressions exhibit all three types of uses.
The results can be structured around four axes. Firstly, a complete diachronic-semantic description of all uses is given of this set of hardly explored expressions, in order to contribute to a better comprehension of their semantic structure. The study bears on morphological, syntactic, but most of all semantic aspects of the evolutions observed. Secondly, functional concepts such as Guidance, proposed in synchronic research (in particular by Stosic (2002b; 2007; 2009)), and notions we elaborate on the basis of research on Modern French (cf. Somers 1988; and Plungian 2002), in particular Contrast and Deviation, are put to the test. By adopting a diachronic perspective, we assess to what extent these notions are able to describe the semantics conveyed in the past by the expressions under study. Thirdly, this thesis determines in what measure the expressions analysed were subjected to a grammaticalisation process, and why some of them (in particular 'à travers', and, to a lesser extent, 'a traverso/at(t)raverso (a, di, per)') became significantly more frequent from the 18th Century onwards. We provide elements that point to a more advanced grammaticalisation for certain expressions. Moreover, we determine to what extent the evolutionary trends observed corroborate or, on the contrary, disconfirm various mechanisms considered to be part of the process of grammaticalisation. Finally, a comparison between the evolutions in the two languages under study helps to distinguish between more general and language-specific mechanisms of semantic and grammatical evolution, given that every natural language has a specific way of organising its own modelling of space.
The results of this study enrich our knowledge of the phrases studied and their functioning in the past, but also in present-day French and Italian, providing diachronic observations regarding the functional notions put to the test. Further, it contributes to a better understanding of the grammaticalisation mechanisms of complex constructions. Finally, it shows that typologically related languages may evolve differently in their ways of representing space, and in particular in their semantic distribution of various functional concepts within a group of close constructions./Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le domaine de la sémantique historique romane, et combine des méthodes diachroniques avec des hypothèses cognitives. En analysant des adpositions complexes en français et en italien, son originalité réside dans le fait que, à la fois pour des usages littéraux et métaphoriques, elle applique une approche fonctionnelle à une problématique diachronique, en réalisant une analyse de corpus.
La période traitée est constituée de quatre cents ans (à partir du XVIe jusqu’à la fin du XIXe siècle). Les constructions analysées sont conformes au modèle [PREP1 (+ article) + travers(o) (+ PREP2)], à savoir les expressions françaises 'à travers (de)', 'au travers (de)', 'en travers (de)', 'de travers' et leurs équivalentes formelles italiennes 'a traverso/at(t)raverso (a, di, per)', 'al traverso (di)', 'in traverso (di)' et 'di traverso (a)' ('traverso (a)', sans PREP1, est aussi incluse). Ces expressions, et surtout leurs usages prépositionnels, sont supposées être intrinsèquement dynamiques. Cependant, elles ne sont pas de pures prépositions, en ce que chacune d’elles peut être utilisée dans au moins deux rôles syntaxiques différentes. Plus précisément, certaines se rencontrent principalement comme préposition, et accessoirement comme adverbe ;d’autres se comportent la plupart du temps comme adverbe, mais aussi comme adjectif ;enfin, certaines expressions présentent les trois types d’usages.
Les résultats s’articulent autour de quatre axes. Tout d’abord, une description diachronique et sémantique complète est donnée de tous les usages de l’ensemble de ces expressions qui sont à peine explorées, afin de contribuer à une meilleure compréhension de leur structure sémantique. L’étude porte sur des aspects morphologiques, syntaxiques, mais surtout sémantiques des évolutions observées. Deuxièmement, des concepts fonctionnels tels que celui de Guidage, proposé dans des travaux en synchronie (en particulier par Stosic (2002b; 2007; 2009)), et des notions que nous élaborons sur la base d’analyses du français moderne (cf. Somers 1988; et Plungian 2002), en particulier celles de Contraste et Déviation, sont mises à l’épreuve. En adoptant une perspective diachronique, nous évaluons dans quelle mesure ces notions sont en mesure de décrire la sémantique véhiculée dans le passé par les expressions étudiées. Troisièmement, cette thèse détermine dans quelle mesure les expressions analysées ont été soumises à un processus de grammaticalisation, et pourquoi certaines d’entre elles (en particulier 'à travers' et, dans une moindre mesure, 'a traverso/at(t)raverso (a, di, per)') sont devenues beaucoup plus fréquentes à partir du XVIIIe siècle. Nous fournissons des éléments qui indiquent une grammaticalisation plus avancée de certaines expressions. De plus, nous déterminons dans quelle mesure les tendances évolutives observées corroborent ou, au contraire, infirment différents mécanismes considérés comme faisant partie du processus de grammaticalisation. Enfin, une comparaison entre les évolutions dans les deux langues étudiées permet de distinguer des tendances sémantiques et grammaticales plus générales de ceux qui sont plus spécifiques à une langue, étant donné que chaque langue naturelle a une façon spécifique d’organiser sa représentation de l’espace.
En fournissant des observations diachroniques sur les notions fonctionnelles mises à l’épreuve, cette thèse enrichit notre connaissance des constructions étudiées et leur fonctionnement dans le passé, ce qui aide aussi à mieux comprendre leur usage contemporain. De plus, elle contribue à une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes de grammaticalisation des constructions complexes. Enfin, elle montre que des langues typologiquement proches peuvent évoluer différemment dans leurs modes de représentation de l’espace, et en particulier dans la distribution sémantique de différents concepts fonctionnels dans un groupe de constructions proches.
Doctorat en Langues et lettres
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Prigent, Gaïd. "Développement morphosyntaxique complexe : comprendre et évaluer les acquisitions syntaxiques tardives, chez l’enfant tout-venant et chez l’enfant présentant des troubles sévères d’acquisition du langage." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100001/document.
Full textThe Construction and Usage-based Theory (CUT) argues that children develop their language, and more precisely morphosyntactic structures, thanks to the use of general cognitive processes by complexifying and generalizing their own prior productions and productions used in the input. These hypotheses have been tested in children with specific language impairment (SLI) in very few studies. Moreover, development of complex syntax is a little studied area in the literature. Thus, the current doctoral thesis focused on complex syntax difficulties of children with SLI using spontaneous language samples and experimental tasks. This work defines complexity as linguistics forms which are rare, long or nested and more generally cognitively costly. The results obtained show that children with SLI use frequent forms heard in the input productively, whereas complex forms, which are rare in the input are difficult for them. These children need to be exposed to more exemplars and practice settings to reach critical mass and making possible learning of constructions. Finally, this current doctoral thesis highlights a relatively obvious link between complex syntax difficulties and lack of generalization of construction schemas
Massot, Benjamin. "Français et diglossie : décrire la situation linguistique française contemporaine comme une diglossie : arguments morphosyntaxiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00726999.
Full textGiami, Gratton Michèle. "Des règles d'erreur aux règles de production : ou de la conceptualisation à la description d'une langue étrangère." Montpellier 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON30050.
Full textHow come systematic errors in the learning of the grammar of a foreign language appear to be the same whatever the learner's mother tongue ? this study is based on a hypothesis : there may be a strong relationship between the presentation of grammatical information in usual grammar text books and the specific way in which the learners seem to treat the information. This particular treatment of grammatical information appeared first through empirical observations of the procedures used by learners when solving a "pronominal transformations" problem (the field studied here being the anaphoric use of personal pronouns in french : le, la, les, en, y, lui leur etc. . . And the apparent modalities of their acquisition). In fact these procedures revealed the use of a genuine "error production rules system" which catches up with the "interlanguage" hypothesis (selinker (1972), corder (1967,69,etc. . . ). The analysis of "error production rules" allowed to show that difficulties in grammar learning come essentially from the impossibility for the learner to identify and combine the right number of "relevant criteria" on the basis of usual grammatical description. Therefore a proposition is made to try and reduce the "cognitive" as well as the "linguistic" difficulties by bringing into light the relevant syntactic opposition according to the binary opposition principle which seems to be essential for a cognitive description of a second language system. An algorithmic routine underlies three decision trees which allows the learner to choose the proper form, order, and place for each particular personal pronoun in french in relationship to the corresponding relevant criteria
Sabra, Amani. "Les relations de causalité en arabe et en français avec une constitution de ressources linguistiques utilisables par l’informatique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040239.
Full textThis thesis proposes a contrastive analysis of causality in Arabic and French. The interest of such study is twofold. We present a linguistic framework for the analysis of different linguistic causal manifestations. Then, we establish linguistic resources of causality following the contextual exploration method (Desclés 1997) used in automatic processingfor information retrieval. We turn to the study of the verbal lexicon to organize a wide variety of existing indicators verbsof causality in Arabic, and to compile a fairly complete list of the meanings of verbs indicators listed and classify them into semantic categories. In order to develop a causal semantic map, we have been obliged to specify a network of theoretical concepts related to causality. Talmy model was our starting point; it allowed us to undertake a certain decomposition of the meaning of causal indicators verbs. The model of Applicative and Cognitive Grammar (Desclés 1990) provided us with a relevant theoretical framework to analyze this decomposition. Finally, we have developed semantic-cognitive patterns for the causal indicators verbs as well as aspectual-temporal patterns taking into account the arguments involved by in the causality
Reinberger, Marie-Laure. "Modélisation pour une construction dynamique de la signification : le cas des expressions adjectif-nom." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CLF20012.
Full textPitel, Guillaume. "MICO : La notion de construction située pour un modèle d'interprétation et de traitement de la référence pour le dialogue finalisé." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00084206.
Full textSans aller jusqu'à traiter le problème de la référence dans le cadre général du dialogue non contraint, nous avons cherché à donner un cadre le plus générique possible à la résolution de la référence dans le cas des agents assistants d'interface. En effet, si on l'envisage dans son sens le plus large, la question de la référence ouvre un vaste champ d'étude, et ce dans de nombreuses disciplines comme la psychologie, la linguistique ou la philosophie. En informatique linguistique, même en mettant de côté les aspects anaphoriques, il reste encore un vaste choix de problématiques ouvertes à la réflexion. Les phénomènes tels que la métaphore et ses affiliés comme la métonymie ou la méronymie, la génération d'expressions référentielles ou la résolution de l'ancrage des expressions référentielles dans une représentation formelle (c'est-à-dire la résolution des entités codées informatiquement qui sont désignées dans un énoncé), n'ont jusqu'à présent que des solutions partielles ou ad hoc.
Nous avons cherché à donner un cadre systématique au processus d'ancrage référentiel en situation de dialogue, en nous intéressant à l'environnement partagé par l'utilisateur et l'assistant, c'est-à-dire les connaissances et les perceptions que l'utilisateur considère comme accessible à son interlocuteur virtuel. Les travaux que nous avons menés dans cette direction nous ont conduit à adopter certains principes « philosophiques » qui, sans révolutionner radicalement en surface les modèles utilisés pour traiter la langue, influencent profondément les choix que nous pouvons faire dans la conception et la mise en oeuvre du processus d'interprétation. Partant de ces principes, nous avons souhaité établir une architecture d'interprétation à la fois simple et complète, afin d'intégrer les résultats que nous avons obtenu sur la référence avec un modèle d'interprétation global.
Pour cela nous avons étudié les théories et approches ayant été proposées autour de cette problématique. Nous avons ainsi constaté les nombreux parallèles entre les systèmes de production de Newell [1972], qui permettent de modéliser une partie des processus cognitifs, et les constructions de Fillmore et Kay [1995], qui permettent de décrire les relations entre formes syntaxiques et représentations sémantiques. Ceci nous a guidé vers la réalisation d'un modèle regroupant leurs caractéristiques principales.
Il manquait cependant à ces théories la capacité de traiter des structures ayant des caractéristiques topologiques non triviales, comme les représentations servant à un raisonnement temporel, qui sont pourtant nécessaires dans de nombreux modèles de raisonnement, ainsi que pour la résolution de la référence. Le modèle d'interprétation constructionnelle (MIC) que nous avons conçu pour répondre à ce besoin est un modèle d'interprétation pour le dialogue finalisé, où les différentes entrées du système de dialogue, qu'elles soient textuelles, visuelles ou autre sont traitées de manière homogène au moyen d'une opération unique : les constructions situées, une forme évoluée des constructions issues des travaux de Fillmore.
Nous avons introduit la notion de construction située (aussi appelée s-construction) afin de pouvoir prendre en compte le fait que l'information traitée par le système de dialogue, décrite et structurée par des schémas de la sémantique des frames, peut être organisée à un niveau supérieur, y compris dans des structures dotées d'une topologie. La topologie qui organise les informations que contiennent ces structures peut être modélisée par des logiques particulières, qui permettent de décrire un système de contraintes. Par exemple, la logique de Allen [1983] pour la modélisation temporelle des événements peut être utilisée pour structurer les schémas représentant les événements. Les relations ainsi décrites peuvent être utilisées ensuite pour résoudre certaines références temporelles : l'expression « avant cela » désignant le segment temporel précédant l'événement désigné par « cela ». Ainsi, dans les s-constructions, les contraintes sur l'organisation de l'information (i.e. sur les conteneurs) peuvent être décrites tout autant que les contraintes sur le contenu de l'information. Dans notre modèle, l'interface permettant de décrire la logique qui supporte les caractéristiques topologiques d'un certain conteneur est nommée contexte, le modèle logique proprement dit n'est pas décrit dans le modèle, mais laissé à la charge d'un système externe.
La mise en oeuvre du modèle d'interprétation constructionnelle, MICO, est inspirée par les travaux de Bryant sur l'implémentation d'une grammaire de construction grâce à une méthode d'analyse par tronçon (chunk parsing) et des travaux de Engel [2002] sur l'analyse linguistique par systèmes de production utilisée dans le projet SmartKom. Pour cette implémentation, nous introduisons la notion d'observateur, qui est l'équivalent opérationnel des S-Constructions. Un observateur est capable de reconnaître certaines formes dans les instances de contextes et peut produire une nouvelle information dans une instance de contexte si cette forme est reconnue.
La faisabilité d'une interprétation basée sur ce modèle n'est pas évidente, car la grammaire décrite par les s-constructions est une grammaire contextuelle, et donc indécidable. Afin de rendre l'exécution des observateurs possible, nous adjoignons deux mécanismes pour guider le parcours du graphe d'interprétation. Le premier mécanisme utilise une information de pondération sur la probabilité de déclenchement a priori permettant d'ordonnancer plus efficacement l'exécution des observateurs. Cette pondération peut être soit calculée manuellement, soit déterminée automatiquement grâce à un algorithme d'apprentissage. Le second mécanisme est une généralisation du principe de restriction de sélection, généralisation rendue possible du fait que les informations manipulées dans notre modèle sont structurées. L'idée est d'augmenter la probabilité de déclenchement des observateurs capables de produire l'information attendue par un certain observateur, qui ne dispose que d'une partie de son motif de déclenchement.
Le fait que les informations soient structurées topologiquement et dans des contextes distincts permet de spécifier qu'une certaine information est attendue dans une certaine zone (une zone étant l'ensemble des lieux qui respectent certaines contraintes, relativement à un contexte donné), et donc de décider assez rapidement si un observateur particulier a des chances de produire l'information attendue à l'endroit prévu. Ce mécanisme permet aussi de décrire la coercition à la demande, en spécifiant qu'un observateur ne peut être déclenché que si sa production est attendue. Enfin, en couplant ce mécanisme avec une approche de satisfaction partielle de contraintes pour décrire les motifs de déclenchement des observateurs, on assure au système d'interprétation une certaine robustesse.
Afin de montrer que le modèle d'interprétation constructionnelle peut être utilisé pour traiter des phénomènes complexes, nous avons conçu un modèle de résolution extensionnelle de la référence capable de traiter des prédicats vagues, et qui utilise un version continue des domaines de référence [Corblin, 1987 ; Reboul, 1997 ; Salmon-Alt, 2001]. Dans ce cadre, nous soulevons plusieurs questions sur la pertinence de l'utilisation d'une représentation propositionnelle des entités pour l'analyse linguistique. Nous montrons que la prise en compte du contexte dans l'analyse des expressions référentielles induit l'existence de plusieurs interprétations possibles pour un même prédicat référentiel appliqué à un même type d'objet. Nous proposons qu'une représentation possible d'un des rôles de prédicat puisse être basée sur des fonctions agissant dans des domaines de références. Ayant constaté l'adéquation de ce modèle aux besoins des systèmes d'interprétation des agents conversationnels, nous montrons comment l'adapter au modèle d'interprétation unifié que nous avons conçu.
Nous exposons nos travaux en trois parties. Dans la première partie, nous présentons le Modèle d'Interprétation Constructionnelle (MIC), après avoir argumenté en faveur d'une approche unifiée et fondée sur le principe de constructions. Dans la deuxième partie, nous présentons un modèle fonctionnel pour la résolution extensionnelle de la référence dans le cadre d'une interaction avec un support visuel, et nous décrivons la mise en oeuvre de ce modèle en utilisant le MIC. Dans la dernière partie, nous spécifions les caractéristiques du modèle d'interprétation constructionnelle par observateur (MICO), une réalisation possible du MIC structurée autour de la notion d'observateur, et nous présentons aussi le système InterViews [Sansonnet, 2003], qui a été à l'origine de nos travaux.
Valdez, Cristian. "Las cópulas ser y estar a la luz de enfoques lingüísticos recientes y de la investigación en la enseñanza de segundas lenguas." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20053/document.
Full textIn this thesis, the study of the Copulus verbs Ser and Estar is approached from two complementary points of view. On the one hand, a grammatical analysis of a large corpus of authentic oral occurrences is carried out in order to evaluate the relevance of certain theoretical tools belonging to a cognitive approach to the question. On the other hand, from a second language teaching context, experimental research is conducted to examine the influence that the type of grammatical approach used in teaching can have on learners' outcomes. In both cases, priority is given to the empirical validation of working hypotheses according to methodologies belonging, in one case, to linguistics and, in another case, to language didactics. In this way, it was possible to identify the field of specialization of each of the disciplines in terms of the description of the above-mentioned copulas, as well as the points of convergence between the fields of study concerned
Stosic, Dejan. ""par" et "à travers" dans l'expression des relations spatiales : comparaison entre le français et le serbo-croate." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00272907.
Full textTellier, Isabelle. "Définition et implémentation par les grammaires catégorielles d'un modèle cognitif formel de l'énonciation." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DENS0007.
Full textBorchert, Marciele. "Explorando construções superlativas do português brasileiro : um estudo sociocognitivo." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2017. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/3377.
Full textSubmitted by Paula Leal (pffleal@ucs.br) on 2017-12-12T15:56:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Marciele Borchert.pdf: 2207074 bytes, checksum: 49db6b8b7fb78a2027fdca93b017272e (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-12T15:56:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Marciele Borchert.pdf: 2207074 bytes, checksum: 49db6b8b7fb78a2027fdca93b017272e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES.
This work aims at exploring superlative constructions under the lens of Construction Grammar (GOLDBERG, 1995, 2003, 2006; MIRANDA; SALOMÃO, 2009), having as main theoretical and methodological approach completed studies about superlativization (SAMPAIO, 2007; MIRANDA, 2008; ALBERGARIA, 2008; COSTA, 2010; SANTOS, 2012; PIRES, 2013; CARRARA, 2010, 2015; MACHADO, 2011, 2015). In order to verify if there are productive expressions which can be candidates for superlative constructions in the colloquial use of regional Brazilian Portuguese, we have investigated the occurences of the expressions tri (as a prefix), de cair os butiá [do bolso], frio de renguear cusco, frio de rachar, frio de lascar, baita, medo que me pelo, que dói, pra cacete/pra caralho, do cacete/do caralho, [que] afudê/afu and puta, primarily, in Corpus do Português, referring, as well, to additional research in Corpus Brasileiro and on Google. In the analysis, we have looked for definitions of the expressions or of words which are part of them, in the cases which the expression is not defined by the dictionaries, with the objective of eliciting the possible origin and motivation for the expressions. Regarding the formalization of the expressions, we have fitted them into the patterns proposed in the reviewed studies, with the following assumptions: de cair os butiá [do bolso], frio de renguear cusco, frio de rachar, frio de lascar, medo que me pelo and que dói as instances of Causal Nominal Superlative Construction (CARRARA, 2010); tri as a case of the Prefixal Degree Modification Construction (CARRARA, 2015); and baita, pra cacete/pra caralho, do cacete/do caralho, [que] afudê/afu and puta as part of the General Superlative Constructions (MACHADO, 2011). The analysis of the data made possible the proposal of constructional matrices, based on those which have already been formalized, as well as the suggestion of the enlargement of the superlative constructional net of Brazilian Portuguese.
David, Laurent. "L’acquisition du present perfect chez deux enfants britanniques : une approche socio-cognitive du système aspecto-temporel anglais." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA159/document.
Full textPrevious studies in language acquisition have claimed that the verbal forms in early child language are limited to the expression of the here and now (Weist, 1991). However, a study of the verbal temporal system in French children’s speech (Parisse & Morgenstern, 2012) has shown that the children are able to refer to past events from an early age before they produce specific grammatical markers. Studies on the acquisition of aspect have established a strong correlation between the production of telic verbs and perfective aspect, without distinguishing between the present perfect and past tense. Slobin (1994) has shown that the first uses of the present perfect serve specific communicative functions that relate to the expression of result and experience. To our knowledge, no developmental study of the acquisition of the present perfect has been conducted so far. We conducted a study of how two British children use the present perfect in connection with their first uses of the markers referring to the here and now and their early productions of past tense. We examined the early uses of the markers in relation to the uses identified in the child directed speech in two dense oral corpora. Analyses based on qualitative and quantitative data were conducted on the adult and the child’s speech in the context of the interactions between the two (Tomasello, 2003). Our results suggest that the early productions of the present perfect result from the frequency of the marker found in the input and the cognitive development of the children. The study shows that they first rely on a visible resultant state in T0. Gradually, the children come to use the resultant state attached to the production of the marker to verbalise presupposed expectations or intentions in T0. By doing so, the children ask their caregivers to address specific needs that are expressed in the current situation
Harrison, Chloe. "Cognitive discourse grammar in contemporary literature." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.659197.
Full textPirini, Priscila Lima. "Construções marginais em georgiano: uma análise sob a perspectiva da linguística cognitiva." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-09052016-101942/.
Full textDifferent groups of verbs, that we call here marginal constructions, represent in Georgian a limited number of verbs that have structural peculiarities that deviate in one way or another, from the dominant pattern represented by major verb classes in which they are traditionally classified, since they are at the threshold between major morphosyntactic constructions, diachronically and synchronically. It is argued that, compared to the largest and most productive verb classes, these smaller groups of verbs also reveal quite specific tendencies within the language, particularly by showing different meaning processes. Therefore, based on the theoretical framework known by the broad term Cognitive Linguistics, we sought to understand and explain by providing the necessary relations between those constructions that point to less and more productive and prototypical tendencies - how formal changes seen in these verb groups in particular, e.g. changes in argument structure, increase or deletion of arguments, shifting in case marking of arguments etc., reflect and code distinct ways and processes of conceptualization, being able, therefore, to caracterize the nature of these different meanings.
Harrison, Simon Mark. "Grammar, gesture and cognition." Bordeaux 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR30071.
Full textIn this thesis, I examine the way English speakers gesture when they negate. I identify nine gestures of negation and analyse their forms, their relation to grammatical negation, and their organisation in regard to speech. Drawing examples from an audiovisual corpus, I demonstrate that gesture plays a role in negative constructs, such as node and scope of negation, inherent negation, and cumulative negation, suggesting how these gestures also exhibit the universal tendencies to express negation early on and frequently in negative sentences. I argue that discourse context and type of grammatical negation combine to determine which gestures speakers use and how they use them, establishing arguments toward a multimodal grammar. I accompany this analysis with a methodology for collecting, transcribing, and analysing multimodal data, which in a final chapter I apply to areas of the linguistic system other than negation—namely, progressivity, epistemic modality, and focus operations. This thesis offers an in-depth multimodal analysis of grammatical notions in English, especially negation, and establishes a link between grammar, gesture, and cognition
Kalyan, Siva. "Operationalising Cognitive Grammar : experimental and theoretical approaches." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2016. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/36128/.
Full text