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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Grammar structure of Yoruba'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Adéwọlé, Lawrence Olufemi. "The categorial status and the functions of the Yoruba auxiliary verbs with some structural analyses in GPSG." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25364.

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2

Kobele, Gregory Michael. "Generating copies an investigation into structural identity in language and grammar /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1273094861&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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3

Oladipo, R. M. "Anaphora in Yoruba." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.482923.

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4

Morrill, Glyn Verden. "Extraction and coordination in phrase structure grammar and categorial grammar." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6609.

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A large proportion of computationally-oriented theories of grammar operate within the confines of monostratality (i.e. there is only one level of syntactic analysis), compositionality (i.e. the meaning of an expression is determined by the meanings of its syntactic parts, plus their manner of combination), and adjacency (i.e. the only operation on terminal strings is concatenation). This thesis looks at two major approaches falling within these bounds: that based on phrase structure grammar (e.g. Gazdar), and that based on categorial grammar (e.g. Steedman). The theories are examined with reference to extraction and coordination constructions; crucially a range of 'compound' extraction and coordination phenomena are brought to bear. It is argued that the early phrase structure grammar metarules can characterise operations generating compound phenomena, but in so doing require a categorial-like category system. It is also argued that while categorial grammar contains an adequate category apparatus, Steedman's primitives such as composition do not extend to cover the full range of data. A theory is therefore presented integrating the approaches of Gazdar and Steedman. The central issue as regards processing is derivational equivalence: the grammars under consideration typically generate many semantically equivalent derivations of an expression. This problem is addressed by showing how to axiomatise derivational equivalence, and a parser is presented which employs the axiomatisation to avoid following equivalent paths.

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5

Lüpke, Friederike. "A grammar of Jalonke argument structure /." Nijmegen : Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 2005. http://webdoc.ubn.ru.nl/mono/l/luepke_f/gramofjaa.pdf.

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6

Gao, Quian E. "Argument Structure, HPSG, and Chinese Grammar." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1391590058.

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7

Gao, Qian. "Argument structure, HPSG, and Chinese grammar /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488204276532252.

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8

Barry, Guy David. "Derivation and structure in categorial grammar." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19938.

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9

Flynn, Michael J. "Structure building operations and word order." New York : Garland Pub, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/12285682.html.

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10

Miller, Philip H. "Clitics and constituents in phrase structure grammar /." New York ; London : Garland, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37747868w.

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11

Petronio, Karen M. "Clause structure in American sign language /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8418.

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12

LeBlanc, David C. "The generation of phrase-structure representations from principles." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29338.

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Implementations of grammatical theory have traditionally been based upon Context- Free Grammar (CFG) formalisms which all but ignore questions of learnability. Even implementations which are based upon theories of Generative Grammar (GG), a paradigm which is supposedly motivated by learnability, rarely address such questions. In this thesis we will examine a GG theory which has been formulated primarily to address questions of learnability and present an implementation based upon this theory. The theory argues from Chomsky's definition of epistemological priority that principles which match elements and structures from prelinguistic systems with elements and structures in linguistic systems are preferable to those which are defined purely linguistically or non-linguistically. A procedure for constructing phrase-structure representations from prelinguistic relations using principles of node percolation (rather than the traditional X-theory of GG theories or phrase-structure rules of CFG theories) is presented and this procedure integrated into a left-right, primarily bottom-up parsing mechanism. Specifically, we present a parsing mechanism which derives phrase-structure representations of sentences from Case- and 0-relations using a small number of Percolation Principles. These Percolation Principles simply determine the categorial features of the dominant node of any two adjacent nodes in a representational tree, doing away with explicit phrase structure rules altogether. The parsing mechanism also instantiates appropriate empty categories using a filler-driven paradigm for leftward argument and non-argument movement. Procedures modelling learnability are not implemented in this work, but the applicability of the presented model to a computational model of language is discussed.
Science, Faculty of
Computer Science, Department of
Graduate

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13

Lavely, Nicole Christine. "Urban Grammar: The City as a Structure of Discourse." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/229793.

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Like spoken and written language, the environmental structure of the City provides a communicative map or paradigm that may act as intrinsic devices to elaborate and organize shared communication and the communal experience. The complex systems of the City are filled with challenge, with complexities, its magnitude often masking its purpose as a built environment. However, like the complex systems of language, the City offers structures for interpreting, interacting and manipulating our experience. This essay explores over fifty years of theoretical framework that has sought to articulate the legibility of the world through humanistic constructs.

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14

Evans, R. E. "Theoretical and computational interpretations of Generalised Phrase Structure Grammar." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379469.

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15

Taghvaipour, Mehran A. "Persian relative clauses in head-driven phrase structure grammar." Thesis, University of Essex, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418361.

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16

Spadine, Carolyn. "The structure of attitude reports : representing context in grammar." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129119.

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Thesis: Ph. D. in Linguistics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, September, 2020
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 177-183).
This dissertation argues for a view of grammar that encodes certain facts about the discourse context in the narrow syntax. In particular, the recurring claim that there are clause peripheral elements that correspond to a kind of perspectival center is supported by novel evidence that this perspectival element can be overt in certain languages. This is shown using data from attitude reports in Tigrinya (Semitic, Eritrea), which overtly realizes a perspective holder, as well as a diverse collection of other languages, including Ewe and Malayalam. In analyzing this construction, I propose that the certain complementizers have a secondary use as a marker of reported speech. I unify this use of complementizers with their more common clausal subordination use by adopting the proposal in Kratzer (2006), which argues that the modal quantification component of attitude reports is in the complementizer, rather than the attitude predicate, as is commonly assumed. I also analyze two unique properties of these reportative complementizer constructions, indexical shift and logophoricity. In Tigrinya, indexical shift can be accounted for by allowing these reportative complementizers to quantify over contexts, rather than worlds, and by introducing a contextshifting operator. From a morphosyntactic perspective, I find evidence from indexical shift that person features must be assigned throughout the course of the derivation, rather than at the point of lexical insertion. I also find that these constructions create contexts for matrix clause indexical shift in Tigrinya, something that has not previously been observed. Evidence from Ewe and other languages suggests a correlation between logophoric domains and the presence of a complementizer with reportative properties. Based on this distinction, I argue that Condition A-violating reflexives in languages like French and English are not reducible to logophors, based on their distribution, as well as other syntactic properties.
by Carolyn Spadine.
Ph. D. in Linguistics
Ph.D.inLinguistics Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Linguistics and Philosophy

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17

Li, Wei. "The morpho-syntactic interface in a Chinese phrase structure grammar." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ61656.pdf.

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18

Liu, Xinyi, and 刘欣怡. "A general RNA secondary structure algorithm with vertical tree grammar." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/196439.

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Our understanding of the functions played by RNA molecules is expanded with the understanding of RNA structures. Except for primary structure, RNA molecules present pairings within a sequence, which is called RNA secondary structure. Since its discovery, RNA secondary structure has drawn considerable attention because it is widely appeared. Many programs for RNA secondary structure prediction have been developed, including [4, 20, 38, 39, 46]. Based on our knowledge, however, there is a family of RNA secondary structure which can not be covered by any of these algorithms. And even without considering this family, none of programs can cover all other structures in Rfam data-set. These structures are found to be important in many biological processes, for example, chromosome maintenance, RNA processing, protein biosynthesis. And efficient structure prediction can give direction for experimental investigations. Here, we present a general algorithm with a new grammar: Vertical Tree Grammar (VTG) which has stochastic context-free grammar architecture for RNA secondary structure prediction. VTG significantly expands the class of structures that can be handled, including all structures that can be covered by other paper, and all structures in Rfam data-set. Our algorithm runs in O(n^6) time, and it's precision is reasonable high, with average sensitivity and specificity over 70%.
published_or_final_version
Computer Science
Master
Master of Philosophy

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19

Edwards, Malcolm Howell. "A generalised phrase structure grammar analysis of colloquial Egyptian Arabic." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247629.

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This thesis proposes and defends a let of analyses of various aspects of the phrase structure of colloquial Egyptian Arabic (EA) clause structure, using the Generalised Phrase Structure Grammar (GPSG) framework of Gazdar, Klein, Pullum and Sag (1985). In the first chapter the constituency of simple clause types is examined and it is argued that EA is a "configurational" SVO language with a VP constituent. These two proposals form the basis for the analyses developed in subsequent chapters. The second chapter pursues the themes of the first, examining the syntax of so-called "nominal" (verbless) sentences, and offering a unified account of both verbal and nominal sentence types. Chapter 3 is concerned with clausal complementation, and shows that under certain assumptions motivated in earlier chapters, the GPSG framework allows for a concise account of a number of hitherto problematic constructions. Chapter 4 is devoted to the syntax of subjects, and in particular to a discussion of "pro-drop" in EA. The relationship between the possibility of missing subjects, word order, and inflection is investigated, and an analysis of cliticisation is proposed which has implications for other areas of the grammar especially relative clauses, which are the subject of Chapter 5.The final chapter is concerned exclusively with the synta~ of relative clauses. A grammar for relative clauses is formulated, in which resumptive pronouns are generated using the feature SLASH. Under the analysis of relative clauses proposed here, the syntax of both subject and object relatives falls out from the interaction of a number of independent facts about EA grammar, and requires no special statement. Throughout the work the aim is to highlight important issues in the syntax of EA, and to offer accounts of these aspects of the grammar which involve the smallest amount of syntactic machinery and achieve maximum generality.

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20

Lona, Jennifer S. "Negation and clausal structure /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8387.

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21

Walenski, Matthew S. "Relating parsers and grammars : on the structure and real-time comprehension of English infinitival complements /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3044770.

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22

Scott, Leslie A. (Leslie Ann). "Natural Grammar: a Painless Way to Teach Grammar in the Secondary Language Arts Classroom." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501245/.

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Natural Grammar provides a way for the junior high or high school English teacher to draw upon students' "natural," or subconscious, knowledge of the systems and structures of spoken English. When such subconscious knowledge is conceptualized (brought to the conscious level), the students can transfer that knowledge to their writing. Natural grammar, in other words, allows the teacher to begin with what students already know, so that he or she may help students to build upon that knowledge in the context of the students' own writing. Chapters include a brief history of grammar instruction, a synopsis of the theories that contributed to the development of natural grammar, a description of natural grammar, and suggestions for implementation of natural grammar in the classroom.

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23

Cowles, Heidi Wind. "Processing information structure : evidence from comprehension and production /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3100373.

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24

Assaba, Claude. "Pouvoir yoruba : dimensions sacrales et cognitives : étude de cas en République populaire du Bénin." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05H034.

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En parlant des institutions politiques dans les sociétés de la tradition, les anthropologues ont souvent mis l'accent sur "le lien dialectique existant entre le pouvoir et le sacre". Mais ce lien suffit-il pour comprendre toutes les manifestations du pouvoir? Le sacre, souvent assimile au religieux, doit être repense dans le contexte propre au monde yoruba, société a état dont l'organisation politique de type centralise se légitime par ses mythes cosmogoniques et étiologiques et par sa permanence à travers une temporalité sans cesse (ré) interprétée dans le cadre de pratiques divinatoires, de réaménagements de l'espace et de survenances dans les vécus personnels. Dans cette société, si le sacre permet l'adhésion collective aux valeurs prônées par le pouvoir, il reste tout de même que les savoirs religieux, oraculaire et la "sorcellerie", portions particulières des traditions, interviennent pour réguler le pouvoir lui-même en se portant comme condition de son partage. Il s'ensuit que la force du pouvoir réside dans son caractère collectif. Ainsi, chez yoruba, l'exercice du pouvoir est fondamentalement un exercice des savoirs. De plus, l'acteur principal du théâtre politique, le roi, n'accède pas d'emblée de son vivant (et même à sa mort), au statut de roi-dieu, comme l'ont noté par erreur certains ethnologues. En effet sa sacralisation et la sacralité de ses fonctions ne constituent pas les critères de son accession à cette dignité. Au total, le pouvoir est appréhende ici comme la connexion entre l'histoire humaine et l'éternité du cosmos et des dieux.

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25

Patrick, T. (Thomas). "The conceptual structure of noun phrases /." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66102.

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26

Sailer, Manfred. "Combinatorial semantics and idiomatic expressions in head-driven phrase structure grammar." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=968874738.

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27

Sawada, Miyuki. "Topics in Japanese clause structure : where Kokugogaku and generative grammar meet." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340189.

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28

Cooper, Richard Paul. "Classification-based phrase structure grammar : an extended revised version of HPSG." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/30904.

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This thesis is concerned with a presentation of Classification-based Phrase STructure Grammar (or CPSG), a grammatical theory that has grown out of extensive revisions of, and extension to, HPSG. The fundamental difference between this theory and HPSG concerns the central role that classification plays in the grammar: the grammar classifies strings, according to their feature structure descriptions, as being of various types. Apart from the role of classificaion, the theory bears a close resemblance to HPSG, though it is by no means a direct translation, including numerous revisions and extensions. A central goal in the development of the theory has been its computational implementation, which is included in the thesis. The second part concerns syntactic issues. In the third part, chapters 6, 7 and 8, we turn to semantic issues. The final part, Chapter 9, concerns the actual computational implementation of theory. A concluding chapter summarises the arguments of the thesis and outlines some avenues for future research.

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29

Traat, Maarika. "Information structure in discourse." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/1260.

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The present dissertation proposes integrating Discourse Representation Theory (DRT), information structure (IS) and Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) into a single framework. It achieves this by making two new contributions to computational treatment of information structure. First, it presents an uncomplicated approach to incorporating information structure in DRT. Second, it shows how the new DRT representation can be integrated into a unification-based grammar framework in a straightforward manner. We foresee the main application of the new formalism to be in spoken language systems: the approach presented here has the potential to considerably facilitate spoken language systems benefiting from insights derived from information structure. The DRT representation with information structure which is proposed in this dissertation is simpler than the previous attempts to include information structure in DRT. We believe that the simplicity of the Information-Structure-marked Discourse Representation Structure (IS-DRS) is precisely what makes it attractive and easy to use for practical tasks like determining the intonation in spoken language applications. The IS component in ISDRS covers a range of aspects of information structural semantics. A further advantage of IS-DRS is that in its case a single semantic representation is suitable for both the generation of context-appropriate prosody and automatic reasoning. A semantic representation on its own is useful for describing and analysing a language. However, it is of even greater utility if it is accompanied by a mechanism that allows one to directly infer the semantic representation from a natural language expression. We incorporated the IS-DRS into the Categorial Grammar (CG) framework, developing a unification based realisation of Combinatory Categorial Grammar, which we call Unification-based Combinatory Categorial Grammar (UCCG). UCCG inherits elements from Combinatory Categorial Grammar and Unification Categorial Grammar. The UCCG framework is developed gradually throughout the dissertation. The information structural component is included as the final step. The IS-DRSs for linguistic expressions are built up compositionally from the IS-DRSs of their sub-expressions. Feature unification is the driving force in this process. The formalism is illustrated by numerous examples which are characterised by different levels of syntactic complexity and diverse information structure. We believe that the main assets of both the IS-DRSs as well as the Unification-based Combinatory Categorial Grammar framework are their simplicity, transparency, and inherent suitability for computational implementation. This makes them an appealing choice for use in practical applications like spoken language systems.

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30

Douglas-Brown, Denise. "In search of syntactic symmetry : on the parallels between clausal and nominal hierarchical structure." Thesis, Durham University, 1996. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1461/.

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31

Sethuraman, Nitya. "The acquisition of verbs and argument structure constructions /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3049671.

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32

Sato, Hiromi. "Selection for clausal complements and tense features /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8432.

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33

Uechi, Akihiko. "An interface approach to topic/focus structure." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0004/NQ34637.pdf.

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34

Güngördü, Zelal. "Incremental constraint-based parsing : an efficient approach for head-final languages." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/516.

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In this dissertation, I provide a left-to-right incremental parsing approach for Headdriven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG; Pollard and Sag (1987, 1994)). HPSG is a lexicalized, constraint-based theory of grammar, which has also been widely exploited in computational linguistics in recent years. Head-final languages are known to pose problems for the incrementality of head-driven parsing models, proposed for parsing with constraint-based grammar formalisms, in both psycholinguistics and computational linguistics. Therefore, here I further focusmy attention on processing a head-final language, specifically Turkish, to highlight any challenges that may arise in the case of such a language. The dissertation makes two principal contributions, the first part mainly providing the theoretical treatment required for the computational approach presented in the second part. The first part of the dissertation is concerned with the analysis of certain phenomena in Turkish grammar within the framework of HPSG. The phenomena explored in this part include word order variation and relativization in Turkish. Turkish is a head-final language that exhibits a considerable degree of word order freedom, with both local and long-distance scrambling. I focus on the syntactic aspects of this freedomin simple and complex Turkish sentences, detailing the assumptions Imake both to dealwith the variation in the word order, and also to capture certain restrictions on that variation, within the HPSG framework. The second phenomenon, relativization in Turkish, has drawn considerable attention in the literature, all accounts so far being within the tradition of transformational grammar. Here I propose a purely lexical account of the phenomenon within the framework of HPSG, which I claim is empirically more adequate than previous accounts, as well as being computationally more attractive. The motivation behind the work presented in the second part of the dissertation mainly stems from psycholinguistic considerations. Experimental evidence (e.g. Marslen- Wilson (1973)) has shown that human language processing is highly incremental, meaning that humans construct aword-by-word partial representation of an utterance as they hear each word. Here I explore the computational effectiveness of an incremental processing mechanism for HPSG grammars. I argue that any such processing mechanism has to employ some sort of nonmonotonicity in order to guarantee both completeness and termination, and propose a way of doing that without violating the soundness of the overall approach. I present a parsing approach for HPSG grammars that parses a string of words fromleft to right, attaching every word of the input to a global structure as soon as it is encountered, thereby dynamically changing the structure as the parse progresses. I further focus on certain issues that arise in incremental processing of a “free”word order, head-final language like Turkish. First, I investigate howthe parser can benefit from the case values in Turkish in foreseeing the existence of an embedded phrase/clause before encountering its head, thereby improving the incrementality of structuring. Second, I propose a strategy for the incremental recovery of filler-gap relations in certain kinds of unbounded dependency constructions in Turkish, which further enables one to capture a number of (strong) preferences that humans exhibit in processing certain examples with potentially ambiguous long-distance dependency relations.

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35

Han, Chung-hye. "The structure and interpretation of imperatives : mood and force in universal grammar /." New York [u.a.] : Garland Publ, 2000. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0652/00026986-d.html.

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36

Kumashiro, Toshiyuki. "The conceptual basis of grammar : a cognitive approach to Japanese clausal structure /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9975039.

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37

Chae, Hee-Rahk. "Lexically triggered unbounded discontinuities in English : an indexed phrase structure grammar approach." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1235744035.

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38

Randall, Janet H. "Morphological structure and language acquisition." New York : Garland, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/12237695.html.

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39

Bonneau, José. "The structure of internally headed relative clauses : implications for configurationality." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39414.

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This dissertation investigates the structure of Internally Headed Relative Clauses (henceforth, IHRCs) within the framework of Government and Binding Theory. I propose that the structure of IHRCs involves a modifying clause predicted of a head. We provide empirical as well as conceptual arguments showing that the head of an IHRC is a pro licensed by coindexation with the internal head. Following Safir's (1986) LCR, this licensing must be mediated by A$ sp prime$-Binding, which is effected by operator-movement to COMP within the modifying clause. Island Constraints provide evidence for operator-movement in IHRCs. IHRCs pattern with other Wh-constructions in this way. Correlatively, if there are no Island effects in IHRCs, there are no Island effects with other Wh-constructions (cf. Lakhota, Mojave). In this case an Unselective Binding relation is established in the language. Other properties such as the Definiteness Effect and the occurence of Switch-reference markers in IHRCs in Choctaw are also shown to follow from independent parameters.
The consequences of our analysis for Baker's (to appear) theory of Configurationality are explored. We propose to expand Baker's theory to allow "discontinuous" constituents of the type (Wh$ sb1$ ... OP$ sb1$) to account for Island effects in IHRCs of pronominal languages like Mohawk and Navajo.
No special rules for the interpretation of IHRCs are required. The LF-Raising rule proposed in Williamson (1987), which raises the internal head at LF to the COMP of the IHRC is shown to derive from the LCR as it is required to create an operator-variable (A$ sp prime$-Binding) relation. We provide further independent evidence for this rule in Chapter 2.

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40

Sampath, Kumar Srinivas. "The Mora-constituent interface model." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2016. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/284.

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Phonological phenomena related to the syllable are often analysed either in terms of the constituents defined in the Onset-Rhyme Model; or in terms of moras after the Moraic Theory. Even as arguments supporting one of these theoretical models over the other continue to be unfurled, the Moraic Theory has gained significant currency in recent years. Situated in the foregoing theoretical climate, this dissertation argues that a full-fledged model of the syllable must incorporate the insights accruing from both constituents and moras. The result is the Mora-Constituency Interface model (MCI). Syllable-internal structure as envisioned in MCI manifests in a Constituency Dimension as well as a Moraic Dimension. The dimensions interface with each other through segment-melody complexes, whose melodic content is associated with the Constituency Dimension and whose segmental (i.e. X-slot) component belongs to the Moraic Dimension. The Constituency Dimension and the Moraic Dimension are both thus necessary even to represent the atomic distinction between segments and melodies in a typical syllable. In terms of its architecture, the Constituency Dimension in MCI is formally identical to the Onset-Rhyme Model and encompasses the Onset, the Nucleus and the Coda, with which melodies are associated. The Nucleus and Coda together constitute the Rhyme. In the Moraic Dimension, moras are assigned to segments on universal, language-specific or contextual grounds. From a functional perspective, the Moraic Dimension is where the metrical relevance of segment-melody complexes is encoded (as moras), while feature-based information pertaining to them is structured in the Constituency Dimension. The independent functional justification for both the dimensions in MCI predicts that segment-melody complexes, though typically split across the dimensions as segments and melodies, may also be associated entirely with the Constituency Dimension or with the Moraic Dimension of a syllable. The former possibility finds empirical expression in extrametrical consonants, and the latter in moraic ambisyllabic consonants. Analogously, a syllable itself may have either just the Constituency Dimension (e.g. extrametrical syllables) or just the Moraic Dimension (e.g. catalectic syllables). The prosodic object called the syllable is thus a composite formal entity tailored from the constituent-syllable (C-s) and the moraic-syllable (M-s).While MCI is thus essentially a model of syllable-internal structure, it also exerts some influence on prosodic structure beyond the syllable. For example, within MCI, feet can be directly constructed from moras, even in languages whose metrical systems are traditionally thought of as being insensitive to mora count. The upshot is that a fully moraic universal foot inventory is possible under MCI.That MCI has implications for the organisation of elements within (segment-melody complexes) and outside (feet) the syllable suggests that the model has the potential to be a general theory of prosodic structure. The model is also on solid cross-linguistic ground, as evidenced by the support it receives from different languages. Those languages include but are not restricted to Kwakwala, Chugach Yupik, Hixkaryana, Paumari, Leti, Pattani Malay, Cantonese, Tamil and English. Keywords: Syllables, constituents, moras, segments, melodies.

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41

Sithole, Nomsa Veronica. "Event structure in Zulu." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53416.

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Dissertation (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study deals with three interrelated types of information about sentences in Zulu, i.e. situation aspect or events, viewpoint aspect which includes i.a. the perfective and imperfective aspect and the contribution of the temporal location of a sentence focusing on the basic tenses. The semantic feature of temporal location has been integrated with the view of the two components in sentences i.e. aspectual situation type and viewpoint. Vendier's classification of aspectual classes formed a base from which the Zulu event structure has been discussed. The contribution of the two theories, i.e. the Two Component theory of Smith (1997) and the Event Structure of Pustejovsky (1995) which is situated within the Generative Lexicon theory of lexical semantics featured prominently in the analysis of events and states in Zulu. A conclusion has been reached that there are four situation types relevant to Zulu and distinguished from each other by different temporal features. These situation types feature basic-level and derived-level types (according to Smith (1997)). Three event types have been identified for Zulu, i.e. state, process and transition (according to Pustejovsky (1995)). Events are complex semantic objects resulting in an extended event structure. Event structure classification for Zulu is established with structured sub-event. These event structures are defined with respect to three different types of ordering relation between sub-event, i.e. temporally ordered subevents, simultaneous sub-event and temporal overlap. The event structure has been distinguished through event headedness which give rise to twelve possible constructions. The basic principles and the temporal structures underlying the Zulu tenses are viewed in relation to the moment of speech, time of the situation and the reference time in the structure of tenses as shown in the viewpoint of Reichenbach developed by Hornstein (1990). The role played by adverbs as modifiers of tense is highlighted. The behavior of bounded and unbounded sentences in relation to tense is mentioned. Regarding the expression of aspect in Zulu, a clear distinction has been established between perfective and imperfective in Zulu. The aspect appears as an inflectional category within syntax. These categories may have a maximal projection according to the X-bar theory.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie gee aandag aan drie onderling verbonde tipes inligting oor sinne in. Zulu, d.i. die situasie-aspek of die gebeure, gesigspunt-aspek wat, onder andere, die perfektiewe en imperfektiewe aspek insluit en die bydrae van die temporele lokasie van 'n sin, met die fokus op die basiese tye. Die semantiese verskynsel van temporele lokasie is geintegreer met die aanname van die twee komponente in sinne, d.i. aspektueie situasie tipe, en die gesigspunt. Vendier se klassifikasie van aspektueie klasse het die basis gevorm waarvan daan die Zulu gebeure struktuur bespreek is. Die bydrae van die twee teorië, d.i. die Twee Komponent teorie van Smith (1997) en die gebeurde struktuur van Pustejovsky (1995) wat binne die Generatiewe Leksikon teorie van leksikale semantiek geleis, is in die analise van gebeure en toestand gebruik. Daar is tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat daar vier situasietipes relevant tot Zulu is, en daar word tussen hulle deur middel van temporele verskynsels onderskei. Hierdie situasietipes beeld die basiese-vlak en die afgeleide-vlak tipes uit (volgens Smith (1997)) Drie tipes gebeure is vir Zulu geidentifiseer, d.i. toestand, proses, en oorgang (volgens Pustejovsky (1995)). Gebeure is kompleks semantiese voorwerpe wat tot uitgebreide gebeurde struktuur lei. Die gebeurde-struktuur se klassifikasie in Zulu is met gestruktureerde sub-gebeure gevestig. Hierdie gebeure-strukture is met betrekking tot drie verskillende tipes van verhouding ordening tusen sub-gebeure omskryf, d.i. temporeel geordende sub-gebeure, gelyktydige sub-gebeure en temporele oorslag. Die gebeure-struktuur is deur kemgebeure onderskei, wat aanleiding tot twaalf moontlike konstruksies gee. Die basiese beginsels en die temporele strukture onderliggend aan die Zulu tye word met betrekking tot die spraakmoment, tyd van die situasie, en die verwysingstyd in die struktuur van tye soos in Reichenbach se gesigspunt wat deur Hornstein (1990) ontwikkel, is, beskou. Die rol wat bywoorde as modifiseerders van tye speel, word na vore gebring. Die gedrag van gebonde en ongebonde sinne in verband met tyd word genoem. Betreffende die uitdrukking van aspek in Zulu is 'n besondere onderskeiding tussen die perfektief en imperfektief in Zulu gevestig. Die aspek kom as 'n infleksionêre kategorie binne sintaksis voor. Hierdie kategorie mag 'n maksimale projeksie volgens die x-bar teorie hê.

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Wiese, Heike, Ulrike Freywald, and Katharina Mayr. "Kiezdeutsch as a test case for the interaction between grammar and information structure." Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3837/.

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This paper deals with Kiezdeutsch, a way of speaking that emerged among adolescents in multiethnic urban neighbourhoods of Germany. We show that, in Kiezdeutsch, we find evidence for both grammatical reduction and new developments in the domain of information structure, and hypothesise that this points to a systematic interaction between grammar and information structure, between weakened grammatical constraints and a more liberal realisation of information-structural preferences. We show that Kiezdeutsch can serve as an interesting test case for such an interaction, that this youth language is a multiethnolect, that is, a new variety that is spoken by speakers from a multitude of ethnic backgrounds, including German, and forms a dynamic linguistic system of its own, thus allowing for systematic developments on grammatical levels and their interfaces with extragrammatical domains.

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Livingston, Donald Everett. "Discontinuous case in Russian number phrases : an analysis under generalized phrase structure grammar /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7159.

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De, Freitas Leslie J. "Effects of the obligatory contour principle on syllable structure and syllabification." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65550.

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Walinska, De Hackbeil Hanna. "The roots of phrase structure : the syntactic basis of English morphology /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8429.

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Hillard, Dustin Lundring. "Automatic sentence structure annotation for spoken language processing /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6080.

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Gonzalez-Rivera, Melvin. "On The Internal Structure of Spanish Verbless Clauses." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1291837748.

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Götz, Thilo. "Feature constraint grammars." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=963169912.

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Wong, Kwong-cheong. "Serial verb constructions in Cantonese and Dagaare a head-driven phrase structure grammar analysis /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36934057.

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Wong, Kwong-cheong, and 黃廣昌. "Serial verb constructions in Cantonese and Dagaare: a head-driven phrase structure grammar analysis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36934057.

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