Relevant bibliographies by topics / Grammar tense

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Grammar tense'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 24 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Grammar tense"

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Paulauskienė, Aldona. "On interpreting Lithuanian past tenses in major linguistic works on Lithuanian grammar." Lietuvių kalba, no. 4 (October 25, 2010): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lk.2010.22854.

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The verb in Lithuanian possesses two simple past tenses, i.e. the past simple and the past frequentative tense. Specialists of comparative historical grammar have not shown any greater interest in the past frequentative tense since it is only typical of Lithuanian. One of the reasons is that Latvian, the other surviving Baltic language, does not possess it; furthermore, in the past a large part of Lithuania did not employ the tense either. However, now it is widely used and all grammars consider the past simple and the past frequentative tense equally significant. Still the paradigm of simple tenses in Lithuanian has not been defined as yet, as the past frequentative tense has not been given theoretical evaluation in the framework of other simple tenses. The article covers the interpretation of past tenses in major grammars of Lithuanian (from the first volume dating back to 1653 to present-day Lithuanian grammars). The paradigmatic relations of past tenses as presented in the numerous sources as well as language facts helped identify the following main features: the role of the category of aspect in the process of the formation of the past frequentative tense, relations between the past frequentative and the past simple tense, and finally, the place of the past frequentative tense in the paradigm of Lithuanian simple tenses.
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Wahyuningtyas, Elisabeth Wulan, and Barli Bram. "BASIC TENSE PROBLEMS OF THE FIRST SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM." IJIET (International Journal of Indonesian Education and Teaching) 2, no. 2 (July 31, 2018): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/ijiet.v2i2.1509.

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This paper investigated the problems of understanding basic or fundamental tenses in English grammar (the present tense, present continuous tense, present future tense, and present future continuous) that are faced by the first semester students of the English Language Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta. Basic tenses in English grammar play a decisive role in various aspects related to learning English as the target language. Accordingly, it is essential to conduct a study on the issues of basic tenses in order to assist students to overcome their grammatical problems. Data were collected through questionnaires that were emailed to the participants. Results showed that the students had difficulties in producing or analyzing the present continuous tense, the present perfect tense and the present perfect continuous tense. The first semester students also faced difficulty in remembering the formula of each tense, admitting that they did not review the basic tenses regularly and the students found it difficult to comprehend their grammar lessons well in the classroom.DOI: https://doi.org/10.24071/ijiet.2018.020206
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Pratiwi, Dian, Siti Sundari, and Made Adi Andayani T. "The Use of “English Tenses Practice” Application in Mobile Phone to Improve the Tenth Grade Students’ Mastery of Past Tense and Present Perfect Tense at Senior High School." EFL Education Journal 8, no. 2 (July 31, 2021): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/eej.v8i2.30867.

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This classroom action research aimed to improve the tenth grade students’ mastery of past tense and present perfect tense by using “English Tenses Practice” application and to know how the application improve the students participation during the teaching and learning process. The research participants were the X MIPA 3 students which were chosen purposively based on the students’ previous English main score. The data were collected by using grammar post-test and observation in the teaching and learning process of grammar. Then, the collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistic to know how the students’ grammar mastery and their active participation after given an action. The results of the analysis showed that the use of “English Tenses Practice” application could improve the students’ grammar mastery of past tense and present perfect tense and their participation after given an action in the first cycle. It is suggested for English teacher that “English Tenses Practice” application on mobile phone can be used as the medium in the teaching and learning process of grammar.
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Demirdache, Hamida, and Oana Lungu. "Sequence of tense in (French) child language." Linguistic Variation Yearbook 2008 8 (December 31, 2008): 101–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/livy.8.04dem.

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We discuss the results of an L1 French comprehension study of the construal of present and imperfective past in (non) subordinate contexts. Our findings reveal that children accept (sometimes enforce) non-indexical simultaneous construals of both present and past under a matrix past — though present is utterance-indexical in adult French. Extending Kratzer’s (1998) zero-tense analysis of English past under past simultaneous construals to Japanese present under past simultaneous construals, we argue that zero-tenses in L1 French surface either as past (adult French) or as present (adult Japanese). That children allow multi-valued parameter settings is expected on the Multiple Grammars hypothesis where language acquisition involves grammar competition. We extend our zero-tense analysis of non-adult tense construals in subordinate contexts to non-subordinate contexts, by arguing that the binder of a zero-tense in child grammar can be a temporal adverb denoting the ‘now’ of the speaker or some salient time implicit in the context.
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Silitonga, Frangky, and Frangky Silitonga. "THE IMPACT OF GRAMMATICAL COMPETENCE WITH DISCOURSE IN SPEAKING PROFICIENCY." JURNAL BASIS 1, no. 2 (October 18, 2014): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.33884/basisupb.v1i2.295.

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ABSTRACTLanguage is a mean of communication used in daily activities. There are aspects needed to be concerned in the use of language, especially foreign language. One of the most common foreig language used is English. In Indonesia, although, English is sound familiar by most of people, the ability of using English is still not maximal. In the use of English language, one of the most important aspects is grammar, for example grammar orientation—tenses, Simple past tense and simple present tense, these are two particular parts in grammar. Simple past tense indicates the past condition that has passed. Simple present tense is used to describe the habit or event happening now. The tendency of tenses use is usual in daily communication, for instance, everyone will interact through some ways, one of them verbal communication or speaking. There is a relationship between grammar and speaking proficiency. Simple past and simple present tense influence the speaking proficiency, thus by mastering those grammar aspects will make easier to understand communication each other. Therefore discourse has supporting power to make the second learners language easily to improve speaking skill. It thing become a basic need for some people who face the people using that foreign language, especially in the school or business process. In Batam, as an industrial region which next to the Singapore and Malaysia, a well speaking proficiency surely needed. Here, the writer conducts the research toward impact of grammatical orientation with discourse in speaking proficiency on students’ primary school in Batam.
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Analido, Belinda. "Designing Multimedia Through Interactive CD in Understanding Three Tenses." Journal Polingua : Scientific Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Education 4, no. 2 (October 25, 2015): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/polingua.v4i2.95.

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Spoon-feeding technique is still used by some lecturers in teaching Grammar. In spite of the role of lecturer as the provider of knowledge, the students need to actively participate either inside or outside of the classroom. Transferring valuable knowledge becomes simpler by providing the product of multimedia consisting texts, graphics, photographs, sound, video, animation. The students have many opportunities to learn tenses from the product of multimedia independently without lecturer presence. Thus, this research is aimed at developing multimedia through interactive CD based macromedia flash in learning three tenses particularly Simple Future Tense, Future Continuous Tense, and Past Continuous Tense. This study is Research and Development. The subject of this research is the first semester students of English Education Department who take Grammar I. The steps of development are defining, developing, and evaluating multimedia. The findings of the research show that the software quality of multimedia is fairgood based on the judgement of subject expert, media expert, and the first semester students who take Grammar I.This product(Interactive Compact Disk) meets the teaching objectives of Grammar I subject.
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Sharvit, Yael. "Embedded Tense and Universal Grammar." Linguistic Inquiry 34, no. 4 (October 2003): 669–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling.2003.34.4.669.

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Loux-Schuringa, J. A. Le. "Tenses in 19th-century Dutch sentence-grammar." Historiographia Linguistica 15, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1988): 187–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.15.1-2.10lou.

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Summary In this paper some theories on tenses are described. These theories appeared in the Netherlands in the first half of the 19th century. The purpose is not just describing the different tense-systems of P. Weiland (1805), W. Bilderdijk (1826), W. G. Brill (1846) and L. A. te Winkel (1866). In the first half of the 19th century some fundamental changes took place. It is shown that these changes are based upon continuity of research of time and tense in the Dutch tradition. This continuity is found on three levels: (a) The research was concentrated on the verbal forms, no other information from the sentence was used. (b) The grammarians took the relationship between linguistic forms and logical categories as a one-to-one relation. (c) The morphological form of the Dutch language determined the grammatical representation of the tense-systems more and more.
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Manoliu, Maria M. "Changing Culture Changing Grammar." Tense and Aspect 12 (December 31, 1998): 103–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.12.07man.

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Abstract. It has been often emphasized that, in Romance, the category of aspect has become subordinated to the category of tense and that the development of compound and double-compound forms was due to the necessity of recreating the opposition between perfectum and infectum, an opposition which dominated the Latin temporal system on the whole. As far as we know, there is no satisfactory explanation for this phenomenon. According to our hypothesis, the cyclic bleaching of the 'resultative value' is a consequence of a fundamental change in parameters affecting various categories such as gender, case, voice and tense. More specifically, the resultative value of compound tenses must have been in competition with the values of the newly created plain passive, which was also result-centered (as opposed to the agent-centered active and event-centered middle/reflexive). By turn, these changes in the voice paradigm were triggered by the reinterpretation of the inherent feature [+Passive] characterizing Latin neuter nouns as a contextual feature. Since the verb assigns various roles to its arguments, it is no wonder that the combination of 'topicality' with a 'passive role' will affect the entire sentential structure, including the verb markers. But if both the plain passive and the compound past are result-centered, the corresponding active forms may become first and foremost tense markers, with special pragmatic and narrative values as required by the discourse necessities of the predominantly oral registers that developed into Romance languages.
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Listia, Rina, and Emma Rosana Febriyanti. "EFL Learners’ Problems in Using Tenses: An Insight for Grammar Teaching." IJET (Indonesian Journal of English Teaching) 9, no. 1 (July 28, 2020): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/ijet2.2020.9.1.86-95.

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The primary goal of learning a foreign language is to be able to communicate in the language, both in spoken and written form. This is also the case for Indonesian learners especially learners of English Language Education Program in ULM who learn English as their major. However, most of them believe that without abundant knowledge of grammar, they will not be able to speak or even write in English well. One of the problems they face is that they still doubt or confuse which tense(s) of English they have to use when they speak or write. This study aimed at finding out the learners’ problems batch 2018 in using English tenses by using a multiple choice test and a questionnaire. The study employed a quantitative approach and described the result in descriptive form. The subject of this study was the whole population of English Language Education Program batch 2018, in total 98 students. The findings reveal that most of them have problems with past perfect tense (61%), past perfect continuous tense (61%), and future perfect continuous tense (67%). These problems related to the difficulty in applying the aspect and tense in the right context, first language interference, lack of practice and repetition, and students’ confidence in using the language. It is suggested that language teachers should focus their language instruction not only to form but also to function and meaning of the tenses. Additionally, using various techniques suited to teaching tenses is advisable to increase students’ to increase communicative skills.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Grammar tense"

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Sato, Hiromi. "Selection for clausal complements and tense features /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8432.

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Shaer, Benjamin M. "Making sense of tense : tense, time reference, and linking theory." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34452.

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This study examines the forms and meanings of tensed and non-tensed clauses in English, and proposes an analysis of them that is 'Reichenbachian' in spirit and syntactic in orientation. The study considers tensed verb forms in simple sentences, focussing on 'present', 'future', and 'perfect' forms and their interaction with adverbials of temporal location; and those in complement, relative, and temporal clause constructions. It also considers three types of non-tensed verb forms--infinitives, gerunds, and 'bare infinitives'--in verb complements.
The study demonstrates that the interpretation of tensed and non-tensed forms can be described in terms of Reichenbach's (1947) temporal schemata, which express relations between 'S' ('speech time'), 'R' ('reference time'), and 'E' ('situation time'). However, its central claim is that the tensed forms themselves are 'temporally underspecified', encoding relations between 'S' and 'R', and leaving the relation between 'R' and 'E' and the location and duration of both of these intervals to be determined by lexical properties of the verb and its arguments, temporal adverbials, and context. Non-tensed verbs forms have a similar syntactic representation, differing primarily in not fully encoding a relation between 'S' and 'R'. This claim is cashed out in terms of two devices: a feature system that expresses tenses as particular values of the feature matrix (Anterior, Posterior); and a device of 'tense linking', based on Higginbotham's (e.g. 1983) proposal for binding theory, which associates verbs with temporal adverbials or tensed Infl, and one (tensed or non-tensed) Infl with a higher one.
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Rieger, Dorothee. "Swahili as a tense prominent language: proposal for a systematic grammar of tense, aspect and mood in Swahili." Swahili Forum 18 (2011), S. 114-134, 2011. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A11469.

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Swahili ist keineswegs eine besonders „exotische“ Sprache, aber dennoch fällt es schwer, eine gu-te moderne Grammatik des Standard-Swahili (Kiswahili sanifu) zu finden. Insbesondere die Inter-pretation der vorkommenden Tempora, Aspekte oder Modi des Verbs sind in den erhältlichen Grammatiken diskrepant bis widersprüchlich. Der Artikel versucht, einen systematischen Ansatz für eine strukturelle Matrix des TAM-Systems im Swahili herauszuarbeiten. Dabei beziehe ich mich auf die von Shankara Bhat in The Prominence of Tense, Aspect and Mood (1999) vorge-schlagene typologische Methode. Bhat legt dar, dass nicht jede Sprache jede Dimension von TAM gleich gewichtet, sondern dass jeweils eine davon vorherrscht. Eine Analyse von TAM in einer be-stimmten Sprache muss sich daher an der prominenten Dimension orientieren. Im Artikel wird herausgearbeitet, dass das Tempus die strukturierende Dimension im Swahili darstellt und dass im Gegensatz dazu der Aspekt nicht systematisch grammatikalisiert ist. Dabei war es nötig, die im Swahili vorkommenden TAM-Formen funktional zu interpretieren und zu benennen, da diese in der aktuellen Literatur teilweise sehr unterschiedlich analysiert werden.
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Blackburn, Patrick Rowan. "Nominal tense logic and other sorted intensional frameworks." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6588.

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This thesis introduces of a system of tense logic called nominal tense logic (NTL), and several extensions. Its primary aim is to establish that these systems are logically interesting, and can provide useful models of natural language tense, temporal reference, and their interaction. Languages of nominal tense logic are a simple augmentation of Priorean tense logic. They add to the familiar Priorean languages a new sort of atomic symbol, nominals. Like propositional variables, nominals are atomic sentences and may be freely combined with other wffs using the usual connectives. When interpreting these languages we handle the Priorean components standardly, but insist that nominals must be true at one and only one time. We can think of nominals as naming this time. Logically, the change increases the expressive power of tensed languages. There are certain intuitions about the flow of time, such as irreflexivity, that cannot be expressed in Priorean languages; with nominals they can. The effects of this increase in expressive power on the usual model theoretic results for tensed languages discussed, and completeness and decidability results for several temporally interesting classes of frames are given. Various extensions of the basic system are also investigated and similar results are proved. In the final chapter a brief treatment of similarly referential interval based logics is presented. As far as natural language semantics is concerned, the change is an important one. A familiar criticism of Priorean tense logic is that as it lacks any mechanism for temporal reference, it cannot provide realistic models of natural language temporal usage. Natural language tense is at least partly about referring to times, and nowadays the deictic and anaphoric properties of tense are a focus of research. The thesis presents a uniform treatment of certain temporally referring expressions such as indexicals, and simple discourse phenomena.
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Moens, Marc. "Tense, aspect and temporal reference." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6618.

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English exhibits a rich apparatus of tense, aspect, time adverbials and other expressions that can be used to order states of affairs with respect to each other, or to locate them at a point in time with respect to the moment of speech. Ideally one would want a semantics for these expressions to demonstrate that an orderly relationship exists between any one expression and the meanings it conveys. Yet most existing linguistic and formal semantic accounts leave something to be desired in this respect, describing natural language temporal categories as being full of ambiguities and indetenninacies, apparently escaping a uniform semantic description. It will be argued that this anomaly stems from the assumption that the semantics of these expressions is directly related to the linear conception of time familiar from temporal logic or physics - an assumption which can be seen to underly most of the current work on tense and aspect. According to these theories, the cognitive work involved in the processing of temporal discourse consists of the ordering of events as points or intervals on a time line or a set of time lines. There are, however, good reasons for wondering whether this time concept really is the one that our linguistic categories are most directly related to; it will be argued that a semantics of temporally referring expressions and a theory of their use in defining the temporal relations of events require a different and more complex structure underlying the meaning representations than is commonly assumed. A semantics will be developed, based on the assumption that categories like tense, aspect, aspectual adverbials and propositions refer to a mental representation of events that is structured on other than purely temporal principles, and to which the notion of a nucleus or consequentially related sequence of preparatory process, goal event and consequent state is central. It will be argued that the identification of the correct ontology is a logical preliminary to the choice of any particular formal representation scheme, as well as being essential in the design of natural language front-ends for temporal databases. It will be shown how the ontology developed here can be implemented in a database that contains time-related information about events and that is to be queried by means of natural language utterances.
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Rieger, Dorothee. "Swahili as a tense prominent language." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-90589.

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Swahili ist keineswegs eine besonders „exotische“ Sprache, aber dennoch fällt es schwer, eine gu-te moderne Grammatik des Standard-Swahili (Kiswahili sanifu) zu finden. Insbesondere die Inter-pretation der vorkommenden Tempora, Aspekte oder Modi des Verbs sind in den erhältlichen Grammatiken diskrepant bis widersprüchlich. Der Artikel versucht, einen systematischen Ansatz für eine strukturelle Matrix des TAM-Systems im Swahili herauszuarbeiten. Dabei beziehe ich mich auf die von Shankara Bhat in The Prominence of Tense, Aspect and Mood (1999) vorge-schlagene typologische Methode. Bhat legt dar, dass nicht jede Sprache jede Dimension von TAM gleich gewichtet, sondern dass jeweils eine davon vorherrscht. Eine Analyse von TAM in einer be-stimmten Sprache muss sich daher an der prominenten Dimension orientieren. Im Artikel wird herausgearbeitet, dass das Tempus die strukturierende Dimension im Swahili darstellt und dass im Gegensatz dazu der Aspekt nicht systematisch grammatikalisiert ist. Dabei war es nötig, die im Swahili vorkommenden TAM-Formen funktional zu interpretieren und zu benennen, da diese in der aktuellen Literatur teilweise sehr unterschiedlich analysiert werden.
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Hu, Jiazhen. "Temporal interpretation in English." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184595.

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This dissertation investigates the interaction between the basic rules for tense interpretation, on the one hand, and temporal types of VPs or sentences, time expressions and syntactic distribution of tense forms, on the other. This dissertation proposes an analysis in which each tense form is associated with at least three time identities, the zero time point, the event time and the reference time. The zero time is defined as the time from which a situation is considered and interpreted, the event time as the time at which a situation takes place and the reference time is the time at which the situation holds and which is part of the event time under consideration. Concerning the temporal structures of situations expressed by VPs or sentences, this dissertation proposes a six-type temporal classification and treats temporal types not as atomic but as reducible to temporal features. By so doing, this dissertation brings to light the internal structure among various temporal types. Regarding the relation between tense and time expressions, this dissertation analyzes it to be one of temporal inclusion and provides a successful account of why time adverbs do not necessarily mark both ending points of a given homogeneous situation, though this is true with a nonhomogeneous situation. In accounting for tense interpretation in complement clauses, this dissertation maintains that complement tense forms and matrix tense forms can be interpreted in the same way and they differ only in the interpretation of the zero time point. In the matrix clause, tense is interpreted with respect to the speech time and, in the complement clause, tense is interpreted relative to the reference time of the matrix clause. Because the zero time is used instead of the speech time in the proposed basic tense rules, these rules are general and powerful enough to be applicable to tenses in any syntactic environment.
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Flahive, Patrick J. "Past tense marking in Chinese-English interlanguage." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4664/.

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This data study concentrates on the past tense marking in the interlanguage (IL) of Chinese speakers of English. Following the assumptions of Hawkins & Lizska, (2003), it is assumed that unlike native speakers of English, Chinese speakers of English have a higher level of optionality within the past tense marking of their grammars. It is claimed that the primary reason for this occurrence is the lack of the functional feature T(ense) [+/-past] in Mandarin Chinese. If a particular functional feature is missing in a learner's L1 grammar, it is thought that it will be absent in one's L2 grammar as well. Three advanced Chinese speakers of English were tested on the past tense marking in their IL production. Both spontaneous oral and reading speech were used for this data analysis.
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麥雅儀 and Ah-yee Lena Mak. "Cantonese-speaking children's use of the aspect markers 'jo' and 'gan'in three experimental tasks." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31211768.

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Hassan, Fakhri. ""Grammatical controversy on the temporality of the imperfect tense in the Qur’ānic text" Is it Mu’rab (declinable) or Mabnī (indeclinable)?" University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6601.

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Magister Artium - MA
This research discusses the temporality of Al-Fi’l Al-Moḍāri’ (present tense) in Arabic in terms of structure and case endings. It also focuses on the time of the imperfect tense and how it is affected by the Adawāt (particles) and justification as well as the meaning, context and the purpose of the sentence. The study also investigates the controversial issues on finding a standardized definition of the actual imperfect tense in order to distinguish it from the outwardly one. It also investigates the changes which the imperfect tense undergoes when preceded by particles and how they change the case endings from Mabnī (Indicative) into Mu’rab apocopate (to be Jussive or Subjunctive). Another focus is investigating the reason why the tense of the verb that comes after particles of negation, prohibition, justification and denial is always imperfect not perfect or future, regardless of the context and the purpose of the text, and the reason as to why this rule applies to all Qur'ānic verses which contradict this rule when being parsed. In addition, it uses semiotics to explain the imperfect tense in the Qur'ānic verses and investigates the effectiveness of applying abstention and assembly to distinguish between the tense and it's meaning in the Qur'ānic text. This can help to determine the actual time of the tense in the Qur'ānic text which in turn helps to parse the imperfect tense correctly and to justify why there is a case ending which contradicts the grammar rules. The correct parsing of the imperfect tense, including indicative, subjunctive and jussive, will pave the way for more attempts to rectify the interpretation of the Qur'ānic verses which create controversy. This can be achieved by presenting the verses which contradict the rules of parsing, making hypotheses, analyzing them and then parsing them in a logical way utilizing an analytical approach.
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Books on the topic "Grammar tense"

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Tense. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

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Binary tense. Stanford, Calif: Center for the Study of Language and Information, 2008.

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Tense across languages. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2012.

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Vogel, Rozemarijn. Aspects of tense. The Hague: Holland Academie Graphics, 1997.

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McGilvray, James A. Tense, reference, and worldmaking. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1991.

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Ogihara, Toshiyuki. Tense, attitudes, and scope. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996.

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Morolong, Malillo. Tense and aspect in Sesotho. Bloomington, Ind: Indiana University Linguistics Club, 1985.

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Dahl, Östen. Tense and aspect systems. Oxford: Blackwell, 1985.

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Tense and aspect systems. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: B. Blackwell, 1985.

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Tense and aspect in Obolo grammar and discourse. Dallas, TX: Summer Institute of Linguistics, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Grammar tense"

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Fehringer, Carol. "Present tense." In German Grammar in Context, 69–75. Third edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Languages in context: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429197475-10.

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Fehringer, Carol. "Past tense." In German Grammar in Context, 80–86. Third edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Languages in context: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429197475-12.

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Fehringer, Carol. "Perfect tense." In German Grammar in Context, 87–93. Third edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Languages in context: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429197475-13.

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Fehringer, Carol. "Pluperfect tense." In German Grammar in Context, 94–96. Third edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Languages in context: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429197475-14.

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Fehringer, Carol. "Future tense." In German Grammar in Context, 97–101. Third edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Languages in context: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429197475-15.

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Harrison, Mark, Vanessa Jakeman, and Ken Paterson. "Correct tense formation." In Improve Your Grammar, 10–11. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-39030-1_5.

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Harrison, Mark, Vanessa Jakeman, and Ken Paterson. "Correct tense formation." In Improve Your Grammar, 8–9. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-27240-9_5.

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Binnick, Robert I. "Tense and aspect." In Grammar, Meaning and Pragmatics, 268–88. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hoph.5.16bin.

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Jubb, Margaret, and Annie Rouxeville. "The present tense." In French Grammar in Context, 1–5. Fifth edition. | New York : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Languages in context: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429492419-1.

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Berry, Roger. "The Meanings of Tense and Aspect." In English Grammar, 98–105. Second edition. | New York, NY: Routledge, [2018] | Series:: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351164962-17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Grammar tense"

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Byamugisha, Joan, C. Maria Keet, and Brian DeRenzi. "Tense and Aspect in Runyankore Using a Context-Free Grammar." In Proceedings of the 9th International Natural Language Generation conference. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w16-6614.

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juan-Lin, Rui. "The Teaching Application of TESOL Model in English Grammar “Past Continuous Tense”." In 2020 4th International Seminar on Education, Management and Social Sciences (ISEMSS 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200826.177.

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Zimmerling, A. V. "ZERO FORMS IN MORPHOLOGICAL PARADIGMS: THE VERB “BE” IN RUSSIAN." In International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intellectual Technologies "Dialogue". Russian State University for the Humanities, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2075-7182-2020-19-795-810.

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This paper offers a corpus analysis of the Russian verb быть ‘be’ which has an abnormal present tense paradigm including a zero form ØBE.PRES and overt forms естьBE.PRES and сутьBE.PRES which do not discriminate person and number and are distributed syntactically. I discuss different approaches to the grammar of быть and argue that Apresjan’s model which recognizes ØBE.PRES, естьBE.PRES and сутьBE.PRES as parts of one and the same lemma is superior to alternative models splitting быть split into two lemmas representing copula vs content verb ‘be’. The peripheral status of overt present BE-forms compared with ØBE.PRES in the Russian National Corpus is confirmed by three measures: 1) dispersion of texts where a BE-form occurs; 2) uneven coverage in different persons and numbers; 3) ratio of copular uses vs content verb uses. 1–2 person present tense BE-forms attested in RNC are internal borrowings from Old Russian and Old Church Slavonic, while естьBE.PRES and сутьBE.PRES are inherited 3rd person elements which take over 1–2 person uses. The historical 3Pl суть is redundant in a system, where a more frequent 3rd person form есть is licensed in the plural: it survives by a minority of speakers either as an optional 3Pl copula in formal discourse or as an emphatic copula in oral discourse. The form естьBE.PRES occurs in all persons and numbers both as content verb and as copula but is underrepresented as 3Pl copula: this gap is filled by ØBE.PRES. The frequency of the zero copula ØBE.PRES can be measured in corpora without syntactic annotation on the basis of systemic proportion between present vs past tense uses of быть and on the basis of approximation samples for contexts where overt copulas alternate with ØBE.PRES.
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Nose, Masahiko. "The Habitual Pastin Amele, Papua New Guinea." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.2-4.

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This study attempts to clarify the tense systems in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea; particularly, the past tense and habitual past forms in the sample three languages in the area: Amele, Waskia, and Kobon. This study thus investigates past tense and habitual features, and discusses how the people in the area interpret past events. The study then discusses how these people map their temporal frames in their grammars (“anthropology of time”, Gell 1996). To aid analysis, I collected data through observing descriptive grammars and fieldwork, finding that Amele exhibits three types of past tense and habitual tense forms, as in (1). Kobon has two distinct simple and remote past tenses, as in (2). Kobon has habitual aspect with the help of the verb “to be.” Waskia, in contrast, has a distinction between realis and irrealis meanings, and the realis forms can indicate past and habitual meanings (two habitual forms: one is include in realis, another is with the help of the verb “stay”), as shown in (3). (1) Amele: Today’s past: Ija hu-ga. “I came (today).” Yesterday’s past: Ija hu-gan. “I came (yesterday).” Remote past: Ija ho-om. “I came (before yesterday).” Habitual past (by adding the habitual form “l”): Ija ho-lig. “I used to come.” (2) Kobon (Davies 1989): Simple past: Yad au-ɨn. “I have come.” Remote past: Nöŋ-be. “You saw” Habitual aspect (by using the verb “mid” to be): Yad nel nipe pu-mid-in. “I used to break his firewood.” (3) Waskia (Ross and Paol 1978): Realis: Ane ikelako yu naem. “I drank some water yesterday.” (simple past) Realis: Ane girako yu no-kisam “In the past I used to drink water” (habitual past) Habitual (by using the verb “bager“ (stay)): Ane girako yu nala bager-em. “In the past I used to drink water.“ Finally, this study claims that Amele and Kobon have remoteness distinctions; near and remote past distinctions, but there is no such a distinction in Waskia. The observed habitual usages are different to each other. Nevertheless, the three languages have a grammatical viewpoint of habitual past mapping.
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Bahaweres, Rizal Broer, Budhi Prasetyo, and Hendra Bayu Suseno. "Creating the English Grammar Tenses Pattern Using Regular Expression Method." In 2019 7th International Conference on Cyber and IT Service Management (CITSM). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/citsm47753.2019.8965352.

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Juhaeni, Nikmatul Jazilah, Layni Zuhrotin Isnaini, and Hidayatu R. Khoiru Fadilah. "Grammar Translation Method and Discovery Learning to Learn Tenses: Which is Better for Indonesian Students?" In International Conference on English Language Teaching (ICONELT 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200427.060.

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