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Books on the topic 'Grammatical and lexical means'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Quirk, Randolph. Grammatical and lexical variance in English. London: Longman, 1995.

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2

1957-, Shirai Yasuhiro, ed. The acquisition of lexical and grammatical aspect. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2000.

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3

A semantic and pragmatic model of lexical and grammatical aspect. New York: Garland Publishing, 1997.

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4

Wanner, Leo, ed. Selected Lexical and Grammatical Issues in the Meaning–Text Theory. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.84.

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5

Walden, Betty A. A study of grammatical and lexical patterns in Shakespeare's sonnets 1-12. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1985.

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6

Wilson, Angela. Language knowledge for primary teachers: A guide to textual, grammatical, and lexical study. London: D. Fulton Publishers, 1999.

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7

Language knowledge for primary teachers: A guide to textual, grammatical and lexical study. 2nd ed. London: David Fulton, 2001.

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8

The lexical basis of grammatical borrowing: A Prince Edward Island French case study. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 2000.

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9

The lexical basis of grammatical borrowing: A Prince Edward Island French case study. Philadelphia, PA: J. Benjamins Pub. Co., 2000.

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10

Lexical categories: Verbs, nouns, and adjectives. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

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11

Khavronina, S. A. Russian: Lexical and grammatical course for beginners = Russkii iazyk : leksiko-grammaticheskii kurs dlia nachinaiushchikh. Moscow: Russky Yazyk Publishers, 1996.

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12

1911-, Gurney O. R., and Kennedy Douglas A, eds. The Sag-tablet, lexical texts in the Ashmolean Museum, Middle Babylonian grammatical texts, miscellaneous texts. Roma: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, 1986.

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13

Lexical and grammatical variation in a corpus: A computer-assisted study of discourse on the environment. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1997.

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14

al-Musʻif fī lughat wa-iʻrāb Sūrat Yūsuf: Sūrat Yūsuf with lexical and grammatical annotation (Arabic). Tshīnāy, al-Hind: Amānat al-Muʼassasah al-Islāmīyah, 2010.

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15

Listen!: Voices all around us : workunits for listening comprehension with a grammatical and lexical approach : Upper intermediate. Cannes, FR: Media Training Corp., 2004.

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16

Leksicheskie i leksiko-grammaticheskie omonimy abkhazskogo i︠a︡zyka: Issledovanie i slovarʹ = At︠s︡ua byzshẇa aleksikatẇi aleksika-grammatikatẇi omonimkhẇa : Athtsaarei azhẇari = Lexical and Lexical-Grammatical Homonyms of the Abkhaz Language (study and dictionary). Sukhum: Abkhazskiĭ institut gumanitarnykh issledovaniĭ, 2012.

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17

Sabourin, Conrad. Quantitative and statistical linguistics: Frequencies of characters, phonemes, words, grammatical categories, syntactic structures, lexical richness, word collocations, entropy, word length, sentence length : bibliography. Montréal: Infolingua, 1994.

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18

Sabourin, Conrad F. Quantitative and statistical linguistics: Frequencies of characters, phonemes, words, grammatical categories, syntactic structures, lexical richness, word collocations, entropy, word length, sentence length : bibliography. Montreal: Infolingua, 1994.

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19

Smith, Viktor. The literal meaning of lexical items: Some theoretical considerations on the semantics of complex and transferred nominals with special reference to Danish and Russian. Frederiksberg: Institut for Fransk, Italiensk og Russisk, Handelshøjskolen i København, 2000.

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20

Stroh-Wollin, Ulla. Dramernas svordomar: En lexikal och grammatisk studie i 300 års svensk dramatik = Swearing in the dramas : a lexical and grammatical survey of swearing in Swedish dramas from three centuries. Uppsala: FUMS, Institutionen för nordiska språk vid Uppsala universitet, 2008.

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21

Kupcova, Oksana. The basics of the Latin language with medical terminology. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1058964.

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The textbook on the discipline "Fundamentals of the Latin language with medical terminology" contains lexical and grammatical exercises, control and measurement exercises, a Glossary and appendices aimed at developing grammatical, lexical and terminological knowledge and skills, and mastering the basic word-forming models of chemical, pharmaceutical and clinical terminology to the extent necessary for further educational activities. The materials of the manual are suitable both for classroom work under the guidance of a teacher, and for independent work of students during extracurricular time. Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For first-year students on the basis of secondary General education and second-year students on the basis of basic General education of secondary medical professional educational organizations studying in the specialties "Nursing", "Medical care", "Midwifery", "Laboratory diagnostics". It can also be used for organizing and conducting classes in clubs or elective courses for students of the 10th and 11th grades of medical and biological-chemical profile in schools, lyceums, gymnasiums.
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22

Mankovskaya, Zoya. English for business communication: role-playing games on management. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/11161.

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The manual forms skills prepared and unprepared business language in English on the basis of the deep preliminary studying of lexical and grammatical difficulties of role business communication. The grant offers role-playing games on subjects: employment, business meetings and discussions, work with clients and suppliers, professional development personnel, informal communication. It is recommended for a wide range of bachelors, masters and graduate students, trained according to the Economy programs 38.03.01, 38.03.02 "Management", 38.03.03 "Human resource management".
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23

Man'kovskaya, Zoya. English language for technical colleges. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1033835.

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The textbook is designed to develop students ' skills of analytical, viewing and search reading of General scientific texts, retelling texts based on reference signals, as well as to form grammatical and lexical competencies, the ability to participate in a dialogue on the topic studied, extract information to discuss issues related to the history and current state of physics, biology, computer science, innovation and other areas of knowledge necessary for a modern specialist. It includes a basic course, a grammar workshop, lesson tests, and final tests. Current scientific and technical problems that are widely discussed in the world information space are revealed, which allows the student to maintain a dialogue on current topics of modern science and technology. Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For first-and second-year students of technical universities of any orientation.
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24

Azova, Ol'ga, Elena D'yakova, Zhanna Antipova, and Mariya Vorob'eva. Speech therapy technologies. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1038017.

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The textbook discusses the features of the formation of speech and motor functions in children, as well as their disorders. Technologies of examination of the pronouncing side of speech, lexical and grammatical structure of language and coherent speech, tempo-rhythmic organization of speech and motor functions in children are presented. The methods and techniques of diagnostics, criteria for assessing the violation of the formation of functions are described in detail. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of higher educational institutions studying in the direction of training 44.03.03 "Special (defectological) education" (bachelor's level). It may be useful for undergraduate students studying in the areas of training 44.03.02 "Psychological and pedagogical education" and 44.03.01 "Pedagogical education" - future primary school teachers. It is recommended for the examination of all components of speech and motor functions in children with various disorders.
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25

Kallisratidis, Evgeniya, Svetlana Korostova, Igor' Nefedov, Andrey Panteleev, Anna Tretyakova, and Olga Frolova. M-learning in project activities when teaching Russian as a foreign language. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02051-7.

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The textbook is intended for foreign students who speak Russian at the basic and first certification levels and master the official business and scientific styles of speech. The manual is made up of texts about the Southern Federal University that differ in their level of complexity. Each text is accompanied by pre-text and post-text tasks, including lexical and grammatical exercises aimed at the formation of speech competencies, as well as at repetition and deeper assimilation of the language material studied in the framework of the main courses of Russian as a foreign language. The textbook can be used as an additional source of materials for teaching foreign students, undergraduates and postgraduates of philological and non-philological specialties of universities both in classroom classes and as a book for home reading, as well as in the process of independent in-depth study of the Russian language. The textbook is addressed to foreign students of the secondary and advanced stages of education, as well as to all foreign readers interested in the Southern Federal University and seeking to expand their vocabulary, as well as to master the official business and scientific style of speech. The introductory part of the textbook may also be of interest to teachers of Russian as a foreign language (RKI), who expand their professional competencies through the introduction of innovative technologies in the educational process.
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26

Cabredo Hofherr, Patricia, and Jenny Doetjes, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Grammatical Number. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198795858.001.0001.

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This volume offers an overview of current research on grammatical number in language. The chapters Part i of the handbook present foundational notions in the study of grammatical number covering the semantic analyses of plurality, the mass–count distinction, the relationship between number and quantity expressions and the mental representation of number and individuation. The core instance of grammatical number is marking for number distinctions in nominal expressions as in English the book/the books and the chapters in Part ii, Number in the nominal domain, explore morphological, semantic, and syntactic aspects of number marking within noun phrases. The contributions examine morphological marking of number the relationship between syntax and nominal number marking, and the interactions between numeral classifiers with semantic number and number marking. They also address cases of mismatches in form and meaning with respect to number displayed by lexical plurals and collective nouns. The final chapter reviews nominal number processing from the perspective of language pathologies. While number marking on nouns has been the focus of most research on number, number distinctions can also be found in the event domain. Part iii, Number in the event domain, presents an overview of different linguistic means of expressing plurality in the event domain, covering verbal plurality marking, pluractional modifiers of the form Noun preposition Noun, frequency adjectives and dependent indefinites. Part iv provides fifteen case studies examining different aspects of grammatical number marking in a range of typologically diverse languages.
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27

van Hout, Angeliek. Lexical and Grammatical Aspect. Edited by Jeffrey L. Lidz, William Snyder, and Joe Pater. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199601264.013.25.

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The topic of this chapter is the acquisition of lexical and grammatical aspect. Given wide cross-linguistic variation in aspect expression, the learnability issues center around form-meaning associations: how do learners determine the meaning of a certain aspectual form? Focusing on the literature on telicity and on the perfective-imperfective distinction, two main results stand out. Predicate telicity is easier than compositional telicity. The completion entailment of perfective is acquired at different ages across different languages, somewhere between 2.6 and 5. One novel direction of research asks whether aspect is acquired easier in some languages than in others. The answers will uncover possibly universal aspectual primitives and heuristics that guide children with their task of acquiring temporal meanings.
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28

Quirk, Randolph. Grammatical and Lexical Variance in English. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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29

Quirk, Randolph. Grammatical and Lexical Variance in English. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315843087.

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30

Downing, Laura J., and Al Mtenje. Grammatical Sketch. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198724742.003.0002.

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This chapter introduces the phoneme inventory and the transcription system used in the book. It then goes on to provide sufficient introductory information on the morphology and syntax (i.e. structure of words and phrases, basic agreement patterns) to follow the discussion of the phonological processes applying at the lexical and phrasal levels which are presented in the remaining chapters of the book.
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31

Olsen, Mari B. A Semantic and Pragmatic Model of Lexical and Grammatical Aspect. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315052267.

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32

Carol, Tenny, and Pustejovsky J, eds. Events as grammatical objects: The converging perspectives of lexical semantics and syntax. Stanford, Calif: CSLI Publications, Center for the Study of Language and Information, 2000.

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33

Walden, Betty A. A study of grammatical and lexical patterns in Shakespeare's sonnets, 1-12. 1985.

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34

Ihemere, K. U. A Comparative Analysis of Grammatical and Lexical Cohesive Devices in Selected Authentic Texts. Common Ground Research Networks, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/978-1-86335-652-7/cgp.

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35

Ihemere, Kelechukwu U. A Comparative Analysis of Grammatical and Lexical Cohesive Devices in Selected Authentic Texts. Common Ground Publishing, 2010.

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36

Wanner, Leo. Selected Lexical and Grammatical Issues in the Meaning-Text Theory: In Honour of Igor Mel'cuk (Studies in Language Companion Series). John Benjamins Publishing Co, 2007.

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37

Events as Grammatical Objects: The Converging Perspectives of Lexical Semantics and Syntax (Center for the Study of Language and Information - Lecture Notes). Center for the Study of Language and Inf, 2001.

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38

Tenny, Carol. Events as Grammatical Objects: The Converging Perspectives of Lexical Semantics and Syntax (Center for the Study of Language and Information - Lecture Notes). Center for the Study of Language and Inf, 2001.

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39

Hakobyan, Anush. Russian language. Textbook for French departments of the universities of Armenia. YSU Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/ysuph/9785808424746.

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The textbook is designed to improve grammatical knowledge of the Russian language, which are consolidated, deepened and systematized on lexical-grammatical and regional material. Various types of assignments allow the use of specific guidelines in the process of mastering Russian speech and the formation of the communicative competence and skills of students.
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40

Mauranen, Anna. Second-Order Language Contact. Edited by Markku Filppula, Juhani Klemola, and Devyani Sharma. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199777716.013.010.

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This chapter discusses the nature of English as a lingua franca (ELF) as uniquely complex ‘second order language contact’, which arises from contact between ‘similects’ of speakers from given first language backgrounds. The data is drawn from speech in academic communities. ELF is best understood as operating on three levels: the macro-social, the micro-social, and the cognitive. English as a lingua franca is largely similar to English as a native language in comparable social circumstances, but it also manifests lexico-grammatical features that are clearly different: nonstandard grammatical and lexical forms are relatively common, together with lexical simplification in a statistical sense. As speakers make competent use of discourse phenomena for communicative success, it seems that lexico-grammatical accuracy may be less crucial to communication. The findings lend support to modelling language processes as discourse-driven, fuzzy and approximate, with a high level of tolerance for variability in form.
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41

Wierzbicka, Anna. Speaking about God in Universal Words, Thinking about God outside English. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190636647.003.0002.

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The chapter argues that vocabulary that is not intelligible to many “ordinary speakers” and not translatable into most languages of the world imprisons its users in a conceptual space defined by culture-specific English words and prevents genuine cross-cultural dialogue about God and religion. It seeks to demonstrate that it is possible to speak about God without relying on such complex and culturally shaped concepts and to think about God and religion afresh, in a new conceptual language based on the lexical and grammatical common core of all languages. As a result of a programme of cross-linguistic investigations, researchers believe that we now have a very good idea of what the shared lexical and grammatical core of all languages looks like and believe that different language-specific versions of this common core can function as minimal languages and be used for furthering understanding across cultures without bias.
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42

Woodbury, Anthony. Central Alaskan Yupik (Eskimo-Aleut). Edited by Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun, and Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.30.

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This is a sketch of polysynthesis in Central Alaskan Yupik (CAY) based on the Cup’ik dialect of Chevak, Alaska. CAY has well-defined words whose content is often holophrastic and whose parts are often word-like. Holophrasis is achieved by a combination of rich inflectional suffixation and by a derivational morphology in which several hundred productive suffixes bearing different lexical and grammatical meanings and functions may be added, recursively, to a lexical base. Each suffix selects the category of its base, over which it normally has scope, and determines the category of the resultant base. This simple but prolific suffixation-based system, termed ‘morphological orthodoxy’, yields long, polysynthetic words. Three cases are then discussed where suffixal elements govern constructions that in one way or another stretch CAY’s orthodox morphology, motivating them by showing parallel constructions governed by elements with similar grammatical and semantic content in languages with more heterodox morphology and syntax.
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43

Batmanian, Natalie, and Karin Stromswold. Getting to the Root of the Matter. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190464783.003.0008.

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Spontaneous speech data from three monolingual Turkish-speaking children between the ages 2;1 and 2;8 revealed that children produce bare lexical stems in ungrammatical contexts before they use grammatical morphemes productively. Given that root words are very rare in Turkish, the fact that Turkish children produce them indicates that they are able to decompose multimorphemic words into root + grammatical affixes. We also tested the hypothesis that when the correspondence between morphological form and grammatical meaning is one-to-one, morphemes are likely to be acquired earlier than when the correspondence between form and meaning is one-to-many (Slobin, 1973). Three grammatical morphemes, despite appearing equally frequently in adult speech, were acquired at different stages by children. The past tense inflection –di, which has a one-to-one correspondence between morphological form and grammatical meaning, is the morpheme that was acquired first by the children.
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44

Kay, Paul. The Limits of (Construction) Grammar. Edited by Thomas Hoffmann and Graeme Trousdale. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195396683.013.0003.

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This chapter analyzes the limits of Construction Grammar. It advocates the conservative view which only considers those linguistic phenomena as constructions that a speaker needs to know to "produce and understand all possible utterances of a language and no more." The chapter argues that there are many patterns which appear in language data that do not qualify as parts of a grammar, and that these patterns are neither necessary nor sufficient to produce or interpret any set of expressions of the language. The chapter highlights the need to distinguish coining from the true constructions because the failure to observe the distinction between grammatical constructions and patterns of coining can have undesirable consequences beyond grammatical theory per se, for example in comparative lexical semantics.
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45

McGregor, William B. Grammaticalization of Ergative Case Marking. Edited by Jessica Coon, Diane Massam, and Lisa Demena Travis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198739371.013.19.

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This chapter overviews some of the patterns of emergence and development of ergative case markers in the world’s languages. What shines through most clearly is diversity: the range of possible source morphemes, constructions, and developmental pathways is much broader than might be expected. Rarely, it is possible to identify lexical sources for ergative case markers. More common sources are other case markers (notably instrumental, genitive, oblique, and ablative), and indexical items (such as demonstratives and pronominals); other possible sources include directional elements and focus markers. Ergative case markers can also be the sources of further grammatical developments, and can develop into markers of other grammatical categories, including other cases and verbal categories such as tense and aspect. Some observations are also included on the emergence and development of ergative case marking in language contact situations.
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46

Stefanowitsch, Anatol. Collostructional Analysis. Edited by Thomas Hoffmann and Graeme Trousdale. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195396683.013.0016.

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This chapter discusses the concept of collostructional analysis, a family of quantitative corpus-linguistic methods that allow researchers to express the strength of the relationship between word constructions and the grammatical structures they occur in. It provides several case studies and shows how varying collostructional measures can enlighten constructionist analyses of lexical and grammatical constructions. The chapter explains that although adoption of collostructional analysis is a comparatively recent development in Construction Grammar, it has already been applied to a fairly wide range of constructions in the context of research questions ranging from systemic description over language variation and change to language acquisition and processing. It also addresses important methodological issues of collostructional analysis such as the use of inferential statistics, the cognitive mechanisms assumed, as well as the choice of statistical tests.
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47

Mathieu, Eric, and Robert Truswell, eds. Micro-change and Macro-change in Diachronic Syntax. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747840.001.0001.

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This volume contains sixteen chapters addressing the process of syntactic change at different granularities. The language-particular component of a grammar is now usually assumed to be nothing more than the specification of the grammatical properties of a set of lexical items. Accordingly, grammar change must reduce to lexical change. And yet these micro-changes can cumulatively alter the typological character of a language (a macro-change). A central puzzle in diachronic syntax is how to relate macro-changes to micro-changes. Several chapters in this volume describe specific micro-changes: changes in the syntactic properties of a particular lexical item or class of lexical items. Other chapters explore links between micro-change and macro-change, using devices such as grammar competition at the individual and population level, recurring diachronic pathways, and links between acquisition biases and diachronic processes. This book is therefore a great companion to the recent literature on micro- versus macro-approaches to parameters in synchronic syntax. One of its important contributions is the demonstration that we can learn a great deal about synchronic linguistics through the way languages change: the case studies included provide diachronic insight into many syntactic constructions that have been the target of extensive recent synchronic research, including tense, aspect, relative clauses, stylistic fronting, verb second, demonstratives, and negation. Languages discussed include several archaic and contemporary Romance and Germanic varieties, as well as Greek, Hungarian, and Chinese, among many others.
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48

Shuy, Roger W. The Effects, Frequency, and Power of the Government’s Uses of Deceptive Ambiguity in Criminal Investigations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190669898.003.0009.

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This chapter first summarizes the role of deceptive ambiguity in relationship to the legal institution’s need to discover predisposition, intentionality, and voluntariness. It then compares the relative frequency of the government representatives’ uses of deceptive ambiguity found in the six elements of the Inverted Pyramid: speech events, schemas, agendas, speech acts, conversational strategies, and lexical and grammatical language. Finally, it summarizes and compares the uses of deceptive ambiguity by police and prosecutors, when institutional power is strongly evident, with the way deceptive ambiguity is used by three types of cooperating witnesses, when this institutional power is hidden during their undercover interactions with targets.
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49

Mattissen, Johanna. Sub-Types of Polysynthesis. Edited by Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun, and Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.5.

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The structural heterogeneity of polysynthetic languages is captured by a sublassification of allegedly polysynthetic languages according to their word-formational type (number of roots allowed in a verb form), namely, compositional, transitional, or affixal, and their internal organization (template vs. scope or both). Further parameters show correlations to these independent ones: the number of participants encoded on a verb, the imaginable evolutionary path via which the structure has come about, namely layering (“onion type”), internal expansion (“sandwich type”) or coalescence (“burdock type”), and the characteristic design of a complex verb form: Grammatical category accumulation (integration of non-obligatory, rather grammatical information); ping-pong recategorization (multiple verbalization and nominalization); productive in/excorporation; dependent-head synthesis; multiple packing (integration of rather lexical information); holophrasis (all wordforms being predicates—or particles); composite-stem layout (composite root-like morphemes, unitary concept); and building-block design (multiple classifer-like morphemes make up a wordform). The classification along these parameters reconciles conflicting approaches to polysynthesis.
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50

Jany, Carmen. The Northern Hokan Area. Edited by Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun, and Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.34.

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A number of languages indigenous to Northern California display structural similarities which raise interesting questions about possible contact effects on features of polysynthesis. In particular, the coding of grammatical relations and patterns of verbal compounding and lexical affixation reveal an undeniable areal distribution. The presence of these same features also defines the languages examined in this chapter (Chimariko, Shastan, Karuk, Yana, Atsugewi, Achumawi, and Pomoan) as polysynthetic. While other chapters in this volume are based on a single language family, the present chapter covers a hypothetical genetic grouping of languages spoken in a geographically contiguous area where structural similarities stem from language contact rather than from genetic affiliation.
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