Relevant bibliographies by topics / Grammatical method

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Academic literature on the topic 'Grammatical method'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Grammatical method"

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Muziatun, Muziatun, and Ansar Tario Jusuf. "GRAMMATICAL ERRORS PERFORMED BY TOURIST GUIDES IN GORONTALO CITY." Indonesian EFL Journal 6, no. 1 (2020): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.25134/ieflj.v6i1.2640.

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The goal of this research is to investigate grammatical errors in speaking performed by tour guides in Gorontalo city. As demanding English is a compulsory language for those who work in the tourism sector when they deal with foreign tourists. This study aims to uncover grammatical errors produced by Gorontalo tour guides. Afterwards, this research uses sequential mixed method that proposed by Creswell, which aims to investigate and discover the types of grammatical errors followed by modus data. Moreover, the data analysis of this study uses a guideline that proposed by Politzer and Ramirez who explained the types of grammatical errors in detail. This study reveals that the ability of 12 tour guides produce speaking in a grammatically low manner. It indicates that the number of grammatical errors is dominated by the verb phrase, noun phrase and transformation. Followed by third person present singular, simple past tense, and past participle. Overall, this research is expected to contribute to tour guides in Gorontalo city, especially what needs to be emphasized by tour guides in speaking grammatically.Keywords: grammatical errors; tourist guide; Gorontalo
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Siregar, Elitaria Bestri, and Mulyadi Mulyadi. "Typology and Grammatical Alignment of Angkola Language." Technium Social Sciences Journal 9 (July 4, 2020): 641–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v9i1.926.

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This study uses the theory of language typology by Comrie (1988). This research on grammatical alliance of Angkola language (AL) aims to understand (1) the basic construction of clause, (2) the construction of complex sentence, (3) the pivot system, and (4) the grammatical alliance system. The method used is participant-observation. Pivot test revelas that Angkola language syntactically treats S equals to A, and gives different treatment to P (S` = `A` ≠ P). Angkola language grammatically has an S/A pivot. It can be concluded that AL has a tendency as an accusative language.
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Wijana, I. Dewa Putu. "REDUPLICATION IN JAVANESE." Linguistik Indonesia 39, no. 1 (2021): 29–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/li.v39i1.167.

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This paper aims at describing Javanese reduplication system with focus of attention on forms, functions, and grammatical meanings. By using data extracted from Javanese text books and ones of my own creation whose grammaticalty and acceptability are previously tested with several native speakers, through distributional method with its various technical analysis, the research found that Javanese reduplication can be classified into at least four linguistic forms. Those are full reduplication, partial reduplication, sound modification reduplication, and affix-combined reduplication. Javanese reduplication can either perform inflective or derivative function in relation to its potentiality to maintain and change the word identity. Finally, with regard to the grammatical meanings, Javanese reduplication at least can express eleven grammatical meanings, i.e. plurality, diversity, continuity, intensity, attenuation, reciprocity, artificiality, collectivity, rate, astonishment and contrast. Many of these grammatical meanings are context sensitive.
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Batrynchuk, Zoriana, and Lesia Shchesniuk. "Formation of foreign language grammar competence in English lessons primary school students with the help of song material." Germanic Philology Journal of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, no. 822 (2020): 106–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/gph2020.822.106-118.

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The article deals with the role songs play in formation of the foreign grammatical communicative competence of young learners during the English lessons. The age groups are identified and peculiarities of English as a foreign language learning for every age group are outlined with special stress on young learners as the target age group. Young learners (students at the age of 6-10) have limited attention spam, that is why tasks have to be short, various and meaningful, grammar explanation should be avoided while grammatical patterns should be presented indirectly through interactive contexts. On the basis of identified needs and preferences in learning basic principles of presentation and practicing of grammatical patterns among young learners are revealed in the article. It is focused on teaching methods and techniques suitable for the target age group, among which total physical response teaching method and storytelling are chosen as the most productive ones. The article also reveals benefits of a foreign language acquisition rather than learning and overviews principles to be followed in order to create the process of acquisition in and beyond the classroom. Songs and short rhymes are chosen as an easy to remember way to present grammatical patterns. While singing songs young learners unconsciously remember not separate words but complete grammatically correct phrases or sentences and will be able to use them in other language context. Such way of presentation enables learners of primary school to develop grammatical communicative competence without direct learning. The article gives the procedure how to implement songs to develop grammatical competence of young learners.
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Dong-Ho Pak. "Method of Korean grammatical analysis - For Korean Grammar Teachers -." Grammar Education 28, no. ll (2016): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21850/kge.2016.28..59.

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Dipraja, Gede Boy Sistha Nanda, I. Nyoman Rauh Artana, and I. Made Budiana. "Aspek Fukugoudoushi Kiru Nuku dan Toosu dalam Kalimat Bahasa Jepang Sehari-hari Oleh Orang Jepang di Bali." Humanis 24, no. 1 (2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jh.2020.v24.i01.p04.

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The tittle of this research is ”the aspects of compound verb kiru, nuku, and toosu that used in daily japanese by Japanese people in Bali” that aimed to research the form, type, grammatical meaning and substitution of compound verb kiru, nuku, and toosu in daily Japanese that used by Japanese people in Bali. This research was analysed using descriptive method, formal and informal technique. Form and the type of compound verb kiru, nuku, and toosu reference analysis used syntax theory by Chaer (2012). Compound verb comprehension refers to Takanao (1984). Grammatical meaning was analysed using grammatical verb theory by Pateda (2001) and grammatical meaning concept of compound verb kiru, nuku, toosu by Kurita (2015), Himeno (1980), Yoshiyuki (1977) dan Kindaichi (1976). Result of this reasearch is compound verbs kiru, nuku and toosu can form continous, repetitive and prefective aspects when combined with another verbs that showing aspect and used in renyoukei form. These verb should be keizoku doushi, shunkan doushi and joutai doushi. Based on analysis result, compound words kiru, nuku, and toosu in Japanese grammatically means event ended intentionally, event occured unexpectedly, event as the lastest limit, and activity is carried out continuously until finished. Based on the analysis result known that compound verb kiru, nuku, and toosu have the same grammatical meaning and should be substituted. Viewed from japanese grammatical perspectives, the compound verbkiru, nuku, and toosu explained the event carried out continuously until the end and explained that the activity done repeatedly until finished.
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Rixha, Annafi’in Nur, Idrus Alhamid, Siti Rokhmah, and Syamsir Bin Ukka. "SURFACE STRATEGY TAXONOMY: GRAMMATICAL ERRORS ANALYSIS IN THE THIRD-SEMESTER STUDENTS’ DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY." KARIWARI SMART : Journal of Education Based on Local Wisdom 1, no. 2 (2021): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.53491/kariwarismart.v1i2.39.

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English and Indonesian are grammatically different. The difference proves that the rules and the application of grammar are the difficult problems in writing English. Based on previous preliminary research, many Third-Semester students of English Education Study Program had problems using grammar. This is supported by the results of unstructured interviews by researcher against students. Then students made mistakes they cannot correct called errors. As English Education students, they must have good competence in all language skills to become a good English teacher. In the future, students will teach writing effectively if they master the grammatical understanding.This research’s objectives were to find: (1) The the types of grammatical errors based on surface strategy taxonomy found in students’ descriptive essay,(2) The dominant grammatical error based on surface strategy taxonomy found in students’ descriptive essay,(3) The factors causing students made grammatical error in writing descriptive essays.To achieve the objectives, a qualitative method is used. Data collected by observation, interview and documentation from students’ descriptive essay worksheet then analyzed using error analysis.The findings of the research: (1) Grammatical errors are Misformation (3rd Person Singular, Plural, Auxiliary Verb, Dictionaries, Preposition, Conjunction, Pronoun, Singular, Simple Present Tense, Simple Past Tense), Omission (Simple Present Tense, Agreement, Auxiliary Verb, Plural, Article, Pronoun, Conjunction, Preposition, Adverb), Addition (Simple Additions, Double Marking), Misordering (Adjective, Pronoun, Auxiliary Verb). (2) The dominant grammatical error is Misformation with 47.05% from 170 errors. (3) The factors causing error are Interlingual and Intralingual.
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Channell, Ron W., and Bonnie W. Johnson. "Automated Grammatical Tagging of Child Language Samples." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 42, no. 3 (1999): 727–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4203.727.

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Recent studies of the automated grammatical categorization ("tagging") of words using probabilistic methods have reported substantial levels of accuracy—over 95% agreement with manual tagging for words from a variety of texts. However, the texts with which this method has been tested were written by adults and edited by publishers. The present study examined the accuracy with which such methods could tag transcribed conversational language samples from 30 normally developing children. On a word-by-word basis, automated accuracy levels ranged from 92.9% to 97.4%, averaging 95.1%. Accuracy at correctly tagging whole utterances was lower, ranging from 60.5% to 90.3%, with an average of 77.7%. Probabilistic methods of coding language samples hold potential as a viable tool for child language research. Further study and improvement of automated grammatical tagging is warranted and necessary before widespread use can be made of this technology.
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Ković, Vanja, Platon Sovilj †, and Dejan Lalović. "EXPLORING ALTERNATIVES FOR VISUAL WORD GRAMMATICAL PRIMING PROCEDURE: AN ERP STUDY." Primenjena psihologija 11, no. 1 (2018): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.19090/pp.2018.1.127-142.

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In search of the optimal method for assessing grammatical context effects on the visual word processing, we designed a study to demonstrate that in a simple task of reacting to “oddball“ word pairs, subjects read and linguistically processed both the function and the content word simultaneously presented in a given pair. Properties of the oddball ERP paradigm allowed for stipulation that word pairs would evoke P300 potentials, and that properties and differences between potentials evoked by grammatically congruent and grammatically neutral pairs would indicate a type of stimuli processing. To test such prediction, we paired a noun and a verb with a congruent preposition and a personal pronoun respectively, preceding them to create a grammatically constrained condition, or with the conjunction preceding both target words to create unconstrained condition. The stimuli were employed in the two-stimulus oddball paradigm. Main outcome of our experiment was that the stimuli chosen evoked clear P300 potential as deviants in three out of four situations. More interestingly, in each of the situations P300 peaked well after 400 ms, falling near the upper limit of P300 range as usually reported. Such P300 latencies marked semantic processing (Polich, 2007), and indicated subjects read and linguistically processed both words in pairs. Our results suggested that in order to study effects of the grammatical context on the visual word processing, the standard priming procedure in which primes temporally preceded targets might not be required, or that it could at least be complemented by methods involving simultaneous primes and target presentation less burdened by technical issues.
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Kweon, Oh-pyo, Akinori Ito, Motoyuki Suzuki, and Shozo Makino. "A grammatical error detection method for dialogue-based CALL system." Journal of Natural Language Processing 12, no. 4 (2005): 137–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5715/jnlp.12.4_137.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Grammatical method"

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Savickey, Beth Anne. "Wittgenstein's method of grammatical investigation." Thesis, University of York, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284126.

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Dobler, T. "Wittgenstein on grammar and grammatical method." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2011. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/40467/.

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This thesis is an investigation of Ludwig Wittgenstein‘s later conception of grammar and philosophy as a grammatical investigation. I seek to clarify how one should understand the later Wittgenstein‘s statement that "grammar describes the use of words in the language" (PG 60), as well as what motivates Wittgenstein‘s philosophical interest in grammar. I explore and critically assess three different interpretative approaches to Wittgenstein‘s conception of grammar, each of which presents a different characterisation of his view that philosophy is a grammatical investigation. I argue that Wittgenstein‘s conception of grammar and philosophy should be understood against the background of his early views, and also in light of his later critique of those views in the Philosophical Investigations. I develop a sustained critique of the standard interpretation of grammar and grammatical investigation, which, I argue, tends to obliterate important contrasts between Wittgenstein‘s early and later views. I propose that in interpreting Wittgenstein‘s use of the term grammar, one should be sensitive to a distinction between two different notions of use, which in turn give rise to two different notions of grammar: namely, grammar as that which describes the use of words in sentential contexts, and grammar as that which describes the use of words in the context of particular activities on different occasions. I argue that, on the later Wittgenstein‘s view, neglecting the latter aspect of use is responsible for many philosophical confusions, and that Wittgenstein‘s grammatical methods aim to eliminate confusions by bringing this dimension of use and grammar back into focus.
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Walker, B. "Grammatical and genealogical investigation : two models of antidogmatic philosophical method." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2012. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/42949/.

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Contou, Mathieu. "Wittgenstein et Freud : un autre aspect." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H218.

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À la différence de "Philosophie, mythologie et pseudo-science. Wittgenstein lecteur de Freud", l'influent essai de Jacques Bouveresse (1991), cette étude vise à établir qu'aussi critique qu'il se soit effectivement montré à l'égard de la psychanalyse, Wittgenstein n'en a pas moins beaucoup appris et retenu de Freud. Au plan de sa conception de l'élucidation philosophique, principalement. Composée de trois parties, ladite étude consiste d'abord à mettre en évidence les fragilités de l'argumentation présentée au premier chapitre de J'ouvrage classique de Jacques Bouveresse ; puis à rendre compte de la place centrale du motif psychologico-clinique dans la définition et la mise en œuvre de la méthode grammaticale de Wittgenstein ; pour mieux isoler ensuite les six aspects plus proprement freudiens de la clinique philosophique wittgensteinienne. La conclusion de ce travail étant finalement réservée à l'interprétation des résultats acquis au cours de cet itinéraire<br>Unlike « Philosophie, mythologie et pseudo-science. Wittgenstein lecteur de Freud”, the influential essay of Jacques Bouveresse (1991), this study aims to establish that even though he was critical towards psychoanalysis, Wittgenstein also leamed a lot from Freud. Mainly on the plan of his conception of philosophical elucidation. This study is divided in three parts : the first highlights the weaknesses of the argumentation introduced in the first chapter of the classical work of Jacques Bouveresse; then the second one reflects the core of the psychologic-clinical pattern in the definition and the implementation of the grammatical method of Wittgenstein; finally, to better isolate the six aspects of the wittgensteinian philosophicaI clinic that are the most strictly freudian. The conclusion of this work is, in the end, dedicated to the interpretation of the results acquired in the course of this path
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Utley, Bob. "An introduction to the historical-grammatical method of biblical hermeneutics and its incorporation into adult study techniques." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1988. http://www.tren.com.

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Wu, Ching-Hsuan. "Spoken grammaticality and EFL teacher candidates measuring the effects of an explicit grammar teaching method on the oral grammatical performance of teacher candidates /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1178218484.

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Coelho, Lázara Divina. "OS CAMINHOS DO MÉTODO HISTÓRICO-GRAMATICAL: UMA PERSPECTIVA DESCRITIVA." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2013. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/873.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:48:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LAZARA DIVINA COELHO.pdf: 2121141 bytes, checksum: cd4a685fb28ee75bab3fe1a7fdf87201 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-26<br>The object of this research is the Historical-Grammatical Method understood as a system of Bible interpretation derived from the Protestant Reformation of the sixteenth century. Its goal is to trace the route of this method, since the post-apostolic period up to contemporary times, and solidification as a method of interpretation adopted by different theological currents in the search for systematization of its methodology. Its relevance lies in the possibility of rescuing the history of the method seen as a precedent over the others in terms of the orthodox system and aim of biblical interpretation. The search path can be set into stages of research and presentation of the results: in the first case takes place the identification and definition of method: the traditional hermeneutic, as presentation of methodological principles and techniques needed to interpret biblical texts, is the formal principle of the Method; and the exegesis, as the application of hermeneutical principles to the biblical text in order to understand and explain it, it is the method referred, in practice, to the steps to be given in the interpretation process. In the second stage, there is a review of the historical process which culminated in the Grammatical-Historical Method: by it the embryo of the method is located in the post-New Testament period and its development in the centuries that followed, passing by the schools of Antioch, the West and St. Victor, beyond the Protestant Reformation and later periods. And, in the third stage, we describe the method itself of theological and methodological perspectives. The conclusion is that the grammatical-historical method of the view that God exists and has revealed himself to man through the written Word and that this revelation, to have originated in his will, makes this knowledge possible and necessary to man. The possibility of knowledge achieves the sense of the Scriptures as intended by God through the human author. It is about a unique, true and full sense, clearly stated and explained in the Scriptures and their understanding can be achieved through ordinary means, as the preaching, the reading and the prayer.<br>O objeto dessa pesquisa é o Método Histórico-Gramatical entendido como um sistema de interpretação da Bíblia procedente da Reforma Protestante do século XVI. Seu objetivo é traçar o percurso desse método, desde o período pós-apostólico até a contemporaneidade, e sua solidificação como método de interpretação adotado por correntes teológicas distintas na busca da sistematização de sua metodologia. Sua relevância encontra-se na possibilidade de resgatar a história do método visto como precedente sobre os demais em termos de sistema ortodoxo e objetivo de interpretação bíblica. O caminho da pesquisa pode ser definido em estágios da investigação e da apresentação dos resultados: no primeiro, acontece a identificação e definição do método: a hermenêutica tradicional, como apresentação de princípios metodológicos e técnicas necessárias para interpretar textos bíblicos, é o princípio formal do Método; e a exegese, como a aplicação dos princípios hermenêuticos ao texto bíblico com o objetivo de entendê-lo e explicá-lo, é o método que se refere, na prática, às etapas a serem dadas no processo de interpretação. No segundo estágio, há uma revisão do processo histórico que desembocou no Método Histórico-Gramatical: por ela o embrião do método é localizado no período pós-Novo Testamento e seu desenvolvimento nos séculos que se seguiram, passando pelas escolas de Antioquia, do Ocidente e de São Vitor, além da Reforma Protestante e períodos posteriores. E, no terceiro estágio, descreve-se o método propriamente dito das perspectivas teológica e metodológica. A conclusão é que o Método Histórico-Gramatical parte da perspectiva de que Deus existe e revelou-se ao homem por meio da Palavra escrita e que essa revelação, por ter origem na sua vontade, faz esse conhecimento possível e necessário ao homem. A possibilidade de conhecimento alcança o sentido das Escrituras conforme pretendido por Deus por meio de autor humano. Trata-se de um sentido único, verdadeiro e pleno, claramente exposto e explicado nas Escrituras e sua compreensão pode ser conseguida mediante os meios ordinários, como a pregação, a leitura e a oração.
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Purdy, Eric. "Grammatical methods in computer vision." Thesis, The University of Chicago, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3557428.

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<p> In computer vision, grammatical models are models that represent objects hierarchically as compositions of sub-objects. This allows us to specify rich object models in a standard Bayesian probabilistic framework. In this thesis, we formulate shape grammars, a probabilistic model of curve formation that allows for both continuous variation and structural variation. We derive an EM-based training algorithm for shape grammars. We demonstrate the effectiveness of shape grammars for modeling human silhouettes, and also demonstrate their effectiveness in classifying curves by shape. We also give a general method for heuristically speeding up a large class of dynamic programming algorithms. We provide a general framework for discussing coarse-to-fine search strategies, and provide proofs of correctness. Our method can also be used with inadmissible heuristics. </p><p> Finally, we give an algorithm for doing approximate context-free parsing of long strings in linear time. We define a notion of approximate parsing in terms of restricted families of decompositions, and construct small families which can approximate arbitrary parses.</p>
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Carvalho, Carlos Eduardo Araújo da Silva. "A palavra se fez carne e sangue, luz e glória: uma exegese histórico-gramatical de João 1.1-18." Faculdades EST, 2015. http://tede.est.edu.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=624.

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Uma exegese histórico-gramatical da Iniciação (Prólogo) do Evangelho de João. Inicia-se com uma análise dos métodos histórico-crítico, semiótico e histórico-gramatical. Esse último é escolhido sem preterir os avanços permitidos pelo histórico-crítico que não conflitem com aquele método. Procede-se à crítica textual escolhendo as variantes mais expressivas. É elaborada uma tradução prévia, sem muitos requintes, privilegiando o sentido literal. Faz-se uma análise literária para delimitar o texto, conhecer sua estrutura, suas fontes literárias e a função literária da perícope. Na busca pela estrutura do texto, são descobertos quatro segmentos: o logos criador, o logos luminoso, o logos encarnado e o logos glorioso. Na função literária da perícope, discute-se a inadequação do termo Prólogo e se propõe o termo Iniciação. Em seguida, tem-se a análise da redação, onde são discutidas evidências internas e externas a respeito da autoria, fatores que podem indicar a data da composição do texto, seu local de escrita e destinatários. Ao fim da análise da redação, propõe-se como propósito principal da escrita do evangelho a defesa da fé frente às ameaças gnósticas e judaicas, através da cristologia joanina. Na análise das formas, enquadra-se o texto dentro de um gênero maior e como um gênero menor, analisando seus possíveis lugares vivenciais. Na análise das tradições, são discutidos os substratos que estão por trás de termos que podem ter diversas origens: logos, luz, conhecer e verdade. Então se chega ao coração da exegese, que corresponde à análise de conteúdo. São analisados cada um dos quatro segmentos descobertos na análise literária. Dentro de cada segmento, primeiro é feita uma análise gramatical com ênfase na descoberta do significado de cada palavra à luz das impressões que o evangelista deixa ao longo do evangelho e de seu mundo vivencial. Em seguida, faz-se uma análise de contexto amplo, aproveitando-se das descobertas gramaticais e analisando as perspectivas históricas. Essa é seguida de análises de contexto específico, nas quais o texto é entendido à luz do problema judaico e do problema gnóstico. Depois se tem a análise teológica, que aborda os assuntos mais importantes da teologia do prólogo em conexão com outros textos teológicos das Escrituras. Por fim, tem-se a tradução final, que visa a valer-se dos conhecimentos produzidos ao longo de toda exegese para produzir uma tradução que mais se aproxime da mensagem que o autor quis transmitir aos seus primeiros leitores.<br>A historical-grammatical exegesis of the Initiation (Prologue) of the Gospel of John. It begins with an analysis of the historical-critical, semiotic and historical-grammatical methods. This latter one was chosen without neglecting the advances propitiated by the historical-critical method which do not conflict with that method. We proceed to the textual criticism choosing the most expressive variables. A prior translation is elaborated without many refinements prioritizing a literal sense. A literary analysis is made to delimit the text, get to know its structure, its literary sources and the literary role of the pericope. In the quest for the structure of the text, four segments are discovered: the creator logos, the luminous logos, the incarnated logos and the glorious logos. In the literary role of the pericope the inadequateness of the term Prologue is discussed and the term Initiation is proposed. Following, there is the analysis of the redaction where internal and external evidence is discussed related to authorship, factors which can indicate the date of the composition of the text, the place where it was written and recipients. At the end of the redaction analysis, the proposition is posited that the main purpose for the writing of the gospel is for the defense of the faith, which is facing Gnostic and Jewish threats, through the Johanine Christology. In the form analyses the text is a smaller genre within a larger genre, analyzing its possible living places. Within the analysis of traditions the substrata which are behind the terms which can have various origins are discussed: logos, light, getting to know and truth. Then one gets to the heart of the exegesis which corresponds to the analysis of the content. Each one of the four segments discovered in the literary analysis is analyzed. Within each segment, first, a grammatical analysis is done with emphasis on discovering the meaning of each word in the light of the impressions which the evangelist left throughout the Gospel and his living world. Next, an analysis of the broad context is done using the grammatical discoveries and analyzing the historical perspectives. This is followed by analyses of the specific context, in which the text is understood in light of the Jewish and Gnostic problem. After comes the theological analysis which deals with the most important issues of the theology of the prologue in connection with other theological texts of the Scriptures. Finally we have the final translation which aims at making use of the knowledge produced throughout the whole exegesis to produce a translation which comes closest to the message which the author wanted to transmit to his first readers.
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Passos, Cristiano dos. "Experimentalismo e transgressão na Grammatica portugueza pelo methodo confuso de Mendes Fradique." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/93160.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura, Florianópolis, 2009.<br>Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-24T17:29:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 272848.pdf: 1320306 bytes, checksum: a770524796cfcdfaad00fc681050b8e3 (MD5)<br>A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo mostrar em que medida o autor Mendes Fradique, em sua obra Grammatica portugueza pelo methodo confuso, transita livremente pelo cômico, pelo nonsense e pelo experimentalismo, revelando significativa independência em relação aos movimentos literários organizados, além de antecipar formas de expressão literária que se tornariam comuns décadas após o lançamento do seu método confuso. Concomitantemente, procuraremos mostrar que a obra em questão é essencialmente crítica, tendo como pano de fundo a transgressão dos cânones literários e da própria gramática, além de problematizar as relações de poder subjacentes à linguagem. A partir da análise dessas questões, tentaremos conferir maior importância à obra de Mendes Fradique no contexto literário. Além disso, esta pesquisa poderá servir para ampliar os estudos nessa área do humor, bem como resgatar contribuições valiosas e inovadoras de um autor pouco (re)conhecido, cuja produção poderia ter chegado até nossos dias de forma menos obscura e marginal.<br>The present research aims at showing to what extent the author Mendes Fradique, in his work called Grammatica portugueza pelo methodo confuso, strolls freely by humor, nonsense and experimentalism, revealing a significant independence in relation to the organized literary movements, besides anticipating forms of literary expression which would become common decades after the release of his confused method. Simultaneously, we will try to show that the work in analysis is essentially critical, having as its background the transgression of the literary canons and the grammar itself, besides questioning the power relations present in language. From the analysis of these problems, we will try to confer more importance to Fradiques work within the literary context. Moreover, this research may be useful to widen the studies in the area of humor, as well as to recover important and innovative contributions of a lesser known author, whose production could have arrived to the present days in a less obscure and marginal way.
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Books on the topic "Grammatical method"

1

Deutsche Grammatica: Zum newen Methodo der Jugend zum besten zugerichtet. G. Olms, 1986.

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The legacy of the Kitab: Sibawayhi's analytical methods within the context of the Arabic grammatical theory. Brill, 2008.

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Rastelli, Stefano. Discontinuity in second language acquisition: The switch between statistical and grammatical learning. Multilingual Matters, 2014.

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Nudožer, Vavřinec Benedikt z. Grammaticae Bohemicae: Ad leges naturalis methodi conformatae, et notis numerisque illustratae ac distinctae, libri duo. Edited by Smith Nancy Susan. Ostravská univerzita, Filozofická fakulta, 1999.

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Sabourin, Conrad. Quantitative and statistical linguistics: Frequencies of characters, phonemes, words, grammatical categories, syntactic structures, lexical richness, word collocations, entropy, word length, sentence length : bibliography. Infolingua, 1994.

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Azova, Ol'ga, Elena D'yakova, Zhanna Antipova, and Mariya Vorob'eva. Speech therapy technologies. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1038017.

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The textbook discusses the features of the formation of speech and motor functions in children, as well as their disorders. Technologies of examination of the pronouncing side of speech, lexical and grammatical structure of language and coherent speech, tempo-rhythmic organization of speech and motor functions in children are presented. The methods and techniques of diagnostics, criteria for assessing the violation of the formation of functions are described in detail. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of higher educational institutions studying in the direction of training 44.03.03 "Special (defectological) education" (bachelor's level). It may be useful for undergraduate students studying in the areas of training 44.03.02 "Psychological and pedagogical education" and 44.03.01 "Pedagogical education" - future primary school teachers. It is recommended for the examination of all components of speech and motor functions in children with various disorders.
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Francais 5: Carnet SOS pour l'orthographe. Lidec, 1987.

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Pelletier, Georges. Francais 5: Cahier d'activites - 1re partie. Lidec, 1987.

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Pelletier, Georges. Francais 5: Cahier d'activites - 2e partie. Lidec, 1988.

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Pelletier, Georges. Francais 5: Recueil de textes - 2e partie. Lidec, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Grammatical method"

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Carrasco, Rafael C., and Jose Oncina. "Learning stochastic regular grammars by means of a state merging method." In Grammatical Inference and Applications. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-58473-0_144.

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Dupont, Pierre. "Regular grammatical inference from positive and negative samples by genetic search: the GIG method." In Grammatical Inference and Applications. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-58473-0_152.

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Starkie, Bradford, and Henning Fernau. "The Boisdale Algorithm – An Induction Method for a Subclass of Unification Grammar from Positive Data." In Grammatical Inference: Algorithms and Applications. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30195-0_21.

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Augusto, Douglas A., Helio J. C. Barbosa, André M. S. Barreto, and Heder S. Bernardino. "Evolving Numerical Constants in Grammatical Evolution with the Ephemeral Constant Method." In Progress in Artificial Intelligence. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24769-9_9.

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Dakun, Zhang, Zhang Chang, and Jiang Guiyuan. "Computer-Aided Composition Method of Children’s Song Based on Grammatical Evolution." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23214-5_13.

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Rulot, Héctor, and Enrique Vidal. "Modelling (Sub)String Length Based Constraints through a Grammatical Inference Method." In Pattern Recognition Theory and Applications. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83069-3_35.

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Mazouni, Romaissaa, and Abdellatif Rahmoun. "AGGE: A Novel Method to Automatically Generate Rule Induction Classifiers Using Grammatical Evolution." In Intelligent Distributed Computing VIII. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10422-5_30.

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Vidal, E., N. Prieto, E. Sanchis, and H. Rulot. "Application of the Error Correcting Grammatical Inference Method (ECGI) to Multi-Speaker Isolated Word Recognition." In Recent Advances in Speech Understanding and Dialog Systems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83476-9_32.

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Wieczorek, Wojciech. "Applications of GI Methods in Selected Fields." In Grammatical Inference. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46801-3_8.

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Azad, R. Muhammad Atif, and Conor Ryan. "Comparing Methods to Creating Constants in Grammatical Evolution." In Handbook of Grammatical Evolution. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78717-6_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Grammatical method"

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Idaryani, Idaryani, Dewi Kumala Sari, and Rasyimah. "Teaching Method for Improvement of Student’s Grammatical Knowledge." In International Conference on Social Science, Political Science, and Humanities (ICoSPOLHUM 2020). Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210125.026.

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Russo, Igor L. S., Heder S. Bernardino, Carlos C. H. Borges, and Helio J. C. Barbosa. "An initialization method for grammatical evolution assisted by decision trees." In 2016 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec.2016.7744207.

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Felice, Mariano, and Ted Briscoe. "Towards a standard evaluation method for grammatical error detection and correction." In Proceedings of the 2015 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/v1/n15-1060.

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Stankovic´, Tino, Kristina Shea, Mario Sˇtorga, and Dorian Marjanovic´. "Grammatical Evolution of Technical Processes." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87042.

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In the teleological sense, people design new products in order to meet market demands and societal needs and by fulfilling these, they push the boundaries of technical evolution. These demands and needs are met by means of a technical process (TP) inside which the operands are transformed to achieve desired state. If the problem of search for suitable optimal technologies required for the operand transformation within the TP can be tackled computationally, then the transformation alternatives can be obtained in an expedient fashion with the probability of the generation of novel alternatives. The approach considered within this paper proposes a grammatical evolution (GE) based method for the search and optimization of technical processes. The breakdown of the TP as a black-box concept into a system of interrelated sub-processes and operations is done according to the formalized knowledge inside the set of production rules of the Backus-Naur form (BNF). Once the breakdown procedure has produced a state composed solely of terminals, the specification of the needed effects required for establishing the product function structure is complete. This paper presents the breakdown of the TP of tea-brewing as an example.
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Kapaeva, A. E., and M. V. Glazyrin. "Determining the algorithm for overcoming grammar interference in Chinese bachelor’s language." In XXV REGIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE STUDENTS, APPLICANTS AND YOUNG RESEARCHERS. Знание-М, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38006/907345-63-8.2020.14.21.

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This article presents the results of the study on algorithms of overcoming grammar interference in teaching Chinese language bachelor. The purpose of the study was to define algorithms for preventing grammatical interference, to compare them and to identify advantages and disadvantages. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to develop special manuals for foreign language education. The methodology of the study was to study and analyze scientific sources. The study presents two algorithms for overcoming interference — a rational method and a structural method. Both methods are described in stages which functions are performed when implementing them, which requirements need to be taken into account. The conclusion concludes on the advantages and disadvantages of the methods presented. The findings confirm the feasibility of developing special manuals, using such techniques to overcome grammatical interference.
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Dong, Andy, Kevin Davies, and David McInnes. "Exploring the Relationship Between Lexical Behavior and Concept Formation in Design Conversations." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84407.

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Designers bring individual knowledge and perspectives to the team. The hypothesis tested in this research is that semantic and grammatical structures (the language through which concepts are expressed) enable designers to bridge relations among ideas stored in each designer’s mind and from this to generate design concepts. This paper describes a linguistic and a computational method to examine the grammatical and semantic structure of design conversations and the linguistic processes by which individuals bridge their knowledge to the group’s ongoing knowledge accumulation. To test the hypothesis, we conducted a linguistic (systemic functional linguistics) and computational linguistic (lexical chain analysis) analysis of a design team conversation The computational analysis revealed hypernym relations as the primary lexico-syntactic pattern by which designers offer, interrelate and develop concepts. The linguistic analysis highlighted the grammatical linguistic features that actively contribute to the generation of design content by teams. These analyses point to the prospect of a functional correspondence between language use and a team’s ability to construct knowledge for design. This interrelation has implications both for computational systems that assess design teams and design teamwork education.
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de Souza, Marcelo Pereira, Flávio Roberto Matias da Silva, Paulo Márcio Souza Freire, and Ronaldo Ribeiro Goldschmidt. "A Linguistic-Based Method that Combines Polarity, Emotion and Grammatical Characteristics to Detect Fake News in Portuguese." In WebMedia '20: Brazillian Symposium on Multimedia and the Web. ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3428658.3430975.

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Lash, Alex, Kevin Murray, and Gregory Mocko. "Natural Language Processing Applications in Requirements Engineering." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-71084.

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In the design process, the requirements serve as the benchmark for the entire product. Therefore, the quality of requirement statements is essential to the success of a design. Because of their ergonomic-nature, most requirements are written in natural language (NL). However, writing requirements in natural language presents many issues such as ambiguity, specification issues, and incompleteness. Therefore, identifying issues in requirements involves analyzing these NL statements. This paper presents a linguistic approach to requirement analysis, which utilizes grammatical elements of requirements statements to identify requirement statement issues. These issues are organized by the entity—word, sentence, or document—that they affect. The field of natural language processing (NLP) provides a core set of tools that can aid with this linguistic analysis and provide a method to create a requirement analysis support tool. NLP addresses requirements on processing levels: lexical, syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic. While processing on the lexical and syntactic level are well-defined, mining semantic and pragmatic data is performed in a number of different methods. This paper provides an overview of these current requirement analysis methods in light of the presented linguistic approach. This overview will be used to identify areas for further research and development. Finally, a prototype requirement analysis support tool will be presented. This tool seeks to demonstrate how the semantic processing level can begin to be addressed in requirement analysis. The tool will analyze a sample set of requirements from a family of military tactical vehicles (FMTV) requirements document. It implements NLP tools to semantically compare requirements statements based upon their grammatical subject.
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Shaheen, Z., G. Wohlgenannt, B. Zaity, D. I. Mouromtsev, and V. G. Pak. "RUSSIAN NATURAL LANGUAGE GENERATION: CREATION OF A LANGUAGE MODELING DATASET AND EVALUATION WITH MODERN NEURAL ARCHITECTURES." In International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intellectual Technologies "Dialogue". Russian State University for the Humanities, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2075-7182-2020-19-644-657.

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Generating coherent, grammatically correct, and meaningful text is very challenging, however, it is crucial to many modern NLP systems. So far, research has mostly focused on English language, for other languages both standardized datasets, as well as experiments with state-of-the-art models, are rare. In this work, we i) provide a novel reference dataset for Russian language modeling, ii) experiment with popular modern methods for text generation, namely variational autoencoders, and generative adversarial networks, which we trained on the new dataset. We evaluate the generated text regarding metrics such as perplexity, grammatical correctness and lexical diversity.
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Wang, Ziwei, Zi Huang, and Yadan Luo. "Human Consensus-Oriented Image Captioning." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/92.

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Image captioning aims to describe an image with a concise, accurate, and interesting sentence. To build such an automatic neural captioner, the traditional models align the generated words with a number of human-annotated sentences to mimic human-like captions. However, the crowd-sourced annotations inevitably come with data quality issues such as grammatical errors, wrong identification of visual objects and sub-optimal sentence focus. During the model training, existing methods treat all the annotations equally regardless of the data quality. In this work, we explicitly engage human consensus to measure the quality of ground truth captions in advance, and directly encourage the model to learn high quality captions with high priority. Therefore, the proposed consensus-oriented method can accelerate the training process and achieve superior performance with only supervised objective without time-consuming reinforcement learning. The novel consensus loss can be implemented into most of the existing state-of-the-art methods, boosting the BLEU-4 performance by maximum relative 12.47% comparing to the conventional cross-entropy loss. Extensive experiments are conducted on MS-COCO Image Captioning dataset demonstrating the proposed human consensus-oriented training method can significantly improve the training efficiency and model effectiveness.
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Reports on the topic "Grammatical method"

1

Kapelyushnyi, Anatolyi. TRANSFORMATION OF FORMS OF DEGREES OF COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES IN LIVE TELEVISION BROADCASTING. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11105.

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The article analyzes transformation of forms of degrees of comparison of adjectives in live television broadcasting. Particular attention is paid to the specific properties of different forms of degrees of comparison of adjectives. To analyze the peculiarities of their use for errors in speech of television journalists, associated with non-compliance with linguistic norms on ways to avoid these errors, to make appropriate recommendations to television journalists. The main method we use is to observe the speech of live TV journalist, we used during the study methods of comparative analysis of comparison of theoretical positions from the work of individual linguists and journalism sat down as well as texts that sounded in the speech of journalists. Our objective is to trace these transformations and develop a certain attitude towards them in our researches of the language of the media and practicing journalists to support positive trends in the development of the broadcasting on TV and give recommendations for overcoming certain negative trends. Improving the live broadcasting of television journalists, in particular the work on deepening the language skills will contribute to the modernization of some trends in the reasonable expediency of the transformation of certain phenomena, moder­nization of some tendencies concerning the reasonable expedient transformation of separate grammatical phenomena and categories and at braking and in general stopping of processes of transformation of negative unreasonable not expedient. This fully applies primarily to attempts to transform the forms of degrees of comparison of adjectives and this explains importance of the results achieved in these study.
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