Relevant bibliographies by topics / Grammatical structure

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Grammatical structure'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Grammatical structure"

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Contini-Morava, Ellen. "Duelling Languages: Grammatical Structure in Codeswitching.:Duelling Languages: Grammatical Structure in Codeswitching." Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 5, no. 2 (December 1995): 246–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jlin.1995.5.2.246.

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Rofik, Abdur. "Grammatical accuracy of Indonesian-English translation." Journal of Applied Studies in Language 4, no. 2 (December 6, 2020): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/jasl.v4i2.2173.

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This study aimed at investigating the accuracy of grammatical structures made by EFL students and their perception of factors affecting them to translate Indonesian texts into English grammatically. The subjects of the study were 21 students in an Indonesian-English Translation class at Language and Literature Faculty, Universitas Sains Alqur’an Wonosobo, Indonesia. The data were collected through students’ translation result texts, questionnaires, and interviews. Since the data involve social phenomena the qualitative approach is used to interpret the data. The findings indicate that the major inaccurate grammatical structures made by students are noun phrase structure, passive voice, and usage of tenses. EFL students consider that factors that contribute to helping them translate texts grammatically are lecturers’ grammar class, watching English movies, and frequent translating exercises. With regard to Indonesian-English translation, this study is believed to ensure the teachers to design an appropriate course to serve the students to develop their grammatical performance in translation.
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Hudson, Richard. "Coordination and grammatical relations." Journal of Linguistics 24, no. 2 (September 1988): 303–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700011816.

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The most serious recent work on the theory of coordination has probably been done in terms of three theories of grammatical structure: Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar (GPSG–see especially Gazdar, 1981; Gazdaret al., 1982; 1985; Saget al., 1985; Schachter & Mordechay, 1983), Categorial Grammar (CG–see especially Steedman, 1985; Dowty, 1985) and Transformational Grammar (TG–notably Williams, 1978, 1981; Neijt, 1979; van Oirsouw, 1985, 1987). Each of these approaches is different in important respects: for instance, according to whether or not they allow deletion rules, and according to the kinds of information which they allow to be encoded in syntactic features. However, behind these differences lies an important similarity: in each case the theory concerned makes two assumptions about grammatical structure in general (i.e. about all structures, including coordinate ones):I The basic syntagmatic relations in sentence-structure are part-whole relations (consituent structure) and temporal order; note that this is true whether or not syntactic structure is seen as a ‘projection’ of lexical properties, since these lexical properies are themselves defined in terms of constituent structure and temporal order.
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NICHOLS, EMILY S., and MARC F. JOANISSE. "Individual differences predict ERP signatures of second language learning of novel grammatical rules." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 22, no. 1 (October 27, 2017): 78–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728917000566.

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We investigated the extent to which second-language (L2) learning is influenced by the similarity of grammatical features in one's first language (L1). We used event-related potentials to identify neural signatures of a novel grammatical rule – grammatical gender – in L1 English speakers. Of interest was whether individual differences in L2 proficiency and age of acquisition (AoA) influenced these effects. L2 and native speakers of French read French sentences that were grammatically correct, or contained either a grammatical gender or word order violation. Proficiency and AoA predicted Left Anterior Negativity amplitude, with structure violations driving the proficiency effect and gender violations driving the AoA effect. Proficiency, group, and AoA predicted P600 amplitude for gender violations but not structure violations. Different effects of grammatical gender and structure violations indicate that L2 speakers engage novel grammatical processes differently from L1 speakers and that this varies appreciably based on both AoA and proficiency.
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Myers-Scotton, Carol. "Implications of abstract grammatical structure." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 16, no. 2 (December 31, 2001): 217–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.16.2.02mye.

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Chiang, David, Aravind K. Joshi, and David B. Searls. "Grammatical Representations of Macromolecular Structure." Journal of Computational Biology 13, no. 5 (June 2006): 1077–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cmb.2006.13.1077.

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Surridge, Marie E. "Genre grammatical et dérivation lexicale en français." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 31, no. 3 (1986): 267–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100011749.

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Dans un article précédant (Surridge, 1985) nous avons examiné la relation entre le genre grammatical des composés en français et leur terminaison phonétique. Nous avons démontré que le genre grammatical des composés est attribué selon certaines règles relativement simples. Ces règles dépendent soit directement soit indirectement de la structure morpho-syntaxique du composé en conjonction, pour certains types de composés, avec des critères sémantiques étroitement liés à la structure du nom. La “micro-syntaxe” de la composition (nous empruntons le terme employé par Benveniste 1967:15) inclut une formule pour déterminer le genre grammatical des noms produits par ce mécanisme, formule qui est en large mesure indépendante de la terminaison phonétique du composé. Nous nous proposons maintenant d’examiner le rôle dans l’attribution du genre grammatical d’une autre “micro-syntaxe”, celle de la nominalisation suffixale, et d’un phénomène associé: la nominalisation par conversion grammaticale.
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Rispoli, Matthew. "The mosaic acquisition of grammatical relations." Journal of Child Language 18, no. 3 (October 1991): 517–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900011235.

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ABSTRACTThe view that grammatical relations have substantial essence, designated as ‘subject’ or ‘object’ has difficulty in accounting for the variety of naturally acquirable grammatical relations. The acquisition of grammatical relations is examined from a theoretical framework, ROLE AND REFERENCE GRAMMAR, in which grammatical relations are decomposed into two separate types of structure: logical (semantic) structure and information (pragmatic) structure. The acquisition of grammatical relations from four languages is compared: (1) the definite accusative suffix and pragmatically motivated word order of Turkish; (2) Kaluli verb agreement, case and focus marking postpositions, and pragmatically motivated word order; (3) Hungarian definite and indefinite verb conjunction; and (4) Italian participial agreement and anaphoric, accusative case pronouns. Two conditions on structures are found to cause difficulty: the neutralization of a semantic or pragmatic distinction by interfering structures (e.g. Kaluli and Italian), and global case marking which forces the child to discover relevant semantic characteristics of both the actor and the undergoer (e.g. Hungarian and Kaluli). Structures that encode semantic or pragmatic distinctions independently are more easily acquired (e.g. Turkish). Piecing together discrete structures in a mosaic fashion, the child can acquire the great variety of grammatical relations that exist in human languages.
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Bentahila, Abdelali, and Carol Myers-Scotton. "Duelling Languages: Grammatical Structure in Codeswitching." Language 71, no. 1 (March 1995): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/415966.

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Poulisse, Nanda. "Duelling Languages: Grammatical Structure in Codeswitching." International Journal of Bilingualism 2, no. 3 (November 1998): 377–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/136700699800200308.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Grammatical structure"

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St, Clair Michelle Christina. "Language structure and language acquisition : grammatical categorization using phonological and distributional information." Thesis, University of York, 2007. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9943/.

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This thesis addresses the question of how words are grouped according to their grammatical categories during language acquisition. Over the past 20. years a general consensus has developed that distributional and phonological cues are important cues that language learners utilize in the grammatical categorization process (e.g., Kelly, 1992; Redington, Chater, & Finch, 1998). The combination ofthese cues was investigated with artificial language learning experiments, which combined two categories of. phonologically coherent words with co-occurring distributional cues, and corpus analysis techniques. Experiments I to 4 indicated that both phonological and distribution cues are necessary for the categorization of high and low frequency words. Additionally, these experiments indicated that distributional information alone was sufficient to categorize high frequency words, but that phonological cues were necessary for low frequency words. It was also found that succeeding bigram distribution cues induced more grammatical categorization than the preceding bigram cues. This is explained by the Rescorla-'\yagner (1972) model of associative learning; associations were stronger between the category words and succeeding cues as a single succeeding cue followed all category words. Associations were weaker with preceding cues as numerous category words followed the preceding cues. Experiments 5, 6 and 7 also found that the effectiveD~ss of the distributional cues was influenced by prior linguistic experience, resulting in higher learning with distributional cues which were phonologically consistent with distributional cues found in the participants' native language (English). This thesis also investigated the debate as to what type of distributional cue is most useful in the categorization process, with some researchers advocating trigram cues (Mintz, 2002) while others advocate bigram cues (Monaghan & Christiansen, 2004; Valian & Coulson, 1988). The results of a corpus analysis and two experiments provided evidence that trigram cues (aXb) are very effective at categorization, but preliminary evidence suggests that this categorization may simply be due to the combined influence of the beginning and ending bigrams (aX and Xb). Overall, this thesis indicates that phonological and distributional cues are key to grammatical categorization, which occurs through associative learning principles; grammatical categorization progresses faster with succeeding cues; and bigram distribution cues may be the initial source of distributional information in the grammatical categorization process.
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Backhouse, Rene. "An analysis of the grammatical structure of small clauses in Afrikaans : a minimalist approach." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95928.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The main goal of this study is to provide a grammatical analysis of small clauses in Afrikaans. A proper analysis of this phenomenon has not yet been attempted in the literature on Afrikaans syntax. However, within the framework of generative grammar, including the most recent versions of Minimalist Syntax, extensive research has been conducted on the small clause phenomenon for a wide range of other languages. In these studies, various types of small clause constructions have been identified. For the purpose of this study, a systematic analysis is given for seven of these small clause construction types, focusing specifically on the Afrikaans data. In order to establish whether the Afrikaans small clause constructions exhibit the same characteristics as those found in other languages, a taxonomy is given of their Dutch, English, West Flemish and Polish counterparts as described by, among others, Hoekstra (1988a, 1992), Bennis, Corver and Den Dikken (1998), Citko (2008) and Haegeman (2010). It is against this background that the characteristics of the different Afrikaans small clause constructions are described. In addition, an explication is given of the various proposals regarding the underlying structure of such constructions. Based on proposals by Oosthuizen (2013), it is argued that a small clause construction is a projection of a particular functional category, namely a defective light verb, sc-v. It is claimed that such a light verb analysis can provide an adequate account of the Afrikaans facts.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die hoofoogmerk van hierdie studie is om ’n grammatikale analise van beknopte sinne (“small clauses”) in Afrikaans te verskaf. ʼn Behoorlike analise van hierdie verskynsel is nog nie tevore aangebied in die literatuur oor Afrikaanse sintaksis nie. Binne die raamwerk van generatiewe grammatika, insluitend die mees onlangse versies van Minimalistiese Sintaksis, is daar egter uitgebreide navorsing gedoen oor die verskynsel van beknopte sinne in ʼn verskeidenheid ander tale. In die betrokke studies is verskeie tipes beknopte sin-konstruksies geïdentifiseer. Vir die doel van hierdie studie word ’n sistematiese analise gegee van sewe van hierdie konstruksie-tipes, met spesifieke fokus op die Afrikaanse data. Ten einde vas te stel of die Afrikaanse beknopte sin-konstruksies dieselfde eienskappe toon as dié in ander tale, word ’n taksonomie verskaf van die ooreenstemmende konstruksies in Nederlands, Engels, Wes-Vlaams en Pools, soos beskryf deur onder meer Hoekstra (1988a, 1992), Bennis, Corver en Den Dikken (1998), Citko (2008) en Haegeman (2010). Dit is teen hierdie agtergrond dat die eienskappe van die verskillende Afrikaanse beknopte sin-konstruksies beskryf word. Verder word ʼn uiteensetting gegee van verskeie voorstelle oor die onderliggende struktuur van sulke konstruksies. Gebaseer op voorstelle deur Oosthuizen (2013), word daar geargumenteer dat ’n beknopte sin-konstruksie ’n projeksie is van ’n spesifieke funksionele kategorie, naamlik ’n defektiewe ligte werkwoord, sc-v. Daar word aangevoer dat so ’n ligte werkwoord-analise ’n toereikende verklaring kan bied van die Afrikaanse feite.
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Malt, Alexander James. "Embodiment and grammatical structure : an approach to the relation of experience, assertion and truth." Thesis, Durham University, 2014. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10775/.

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In this thesis I address a concern in both existential phenomenology and embodied cognition, namely, the question of how ‘higher’ cognitive abilities such as language and judgements of truth relate to embodied experience. I suggest that although our words are grounded in experience, what makes this grounding and our higher abilities possible is grammatical structure. The opening chapter contrasts the ‘situated’ approach of embodied cognition and existential phenomenology with Cartesian methodological solipsism. The latter produces a series of dualisms, including that of language and meaning, whereas the former dissolves such dualisms. The second chapter adapts Merleau-Ponty’s arguments against the perceptual constancy hypothesis in order to undermine the dualism of grammar and meaning. This raises the question of what grammar is, which is addressed in the third chapter. I acknowledge the force of Chomsky’s observation that language is structure dependent and briefly introduce a minimal grammatical operation which might be the ‘spark which lit the intellectual forest fire’ (Clark: 2001, 151). Grammatical relations are argued to make possible the grounding of our symbols in chapters 4 and 5, which attempt to ground the categories of determiner and aspect in spatial deixis and embodied motor processes respectively. Chapter 6 ties the previous three together, arguing that we may understand a given lexeme as an object or as an event by subsuming it within a determiner phrase or aspectualising it respectively. I suggest that such modification of a word’s meaning is possible because determiners and aspect schematise, i.e. determine the temporal structure, of the lexeme. Chapter 7 uses this account to take up Heidegger’s claim that the relation between being and truth be cast in terms of temporality (2006, H349), though falls short of providing a complete account of the ‘origin of truth’. Chapter 8 concludes and notes further avenues of research.
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Osborne, Olga Languages &amp Linguistics Faculty of Arts &amp Social Sciences UNSW. "Comparative analysis of atypical coordinate structures in Russian and English languages in correlation with field structure of grammatical category coordination." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Languages & Linguistics, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43738.

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This dissertation examines specific features of atypical coordinate structures (from now referred to as ACS) in both English and Russian languages: those features which differentiate ACS from typical coordinate structures, but nevertheless allow them to keep the status of coordinate structures. Comparing ACS with typical coordinate structures in terms of linguistic norms, this thesis provides a view of ACS as less standard, non-normative forms of syntactic representations of coordinate relations. Most research on coordinate structures focuses either on syntax, or on semantics. This dissertation advocates the expediency of a functional-dynamic approach to ACS, applying the methods of linguistics, psycholinguistics, cognitive linguistics and social linguistics. It argues that coordination is a complex speech-thinking mechanism and that ACS should be analysed by taking into account the cognitive-pragmatic-emotive intentions of the speaker. This dissertation proposes the analysis of structure, semantics and pragmatics of ACS in correlation with their functioning in a text. For the first time the thesis provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of ACS in English and Russian languages. This analysis demonstrates that the syntactically comparable translation of the majority of ACS from English to Russian and vice versa is possible due to the same factors involved in the process of ACS formation in both languages. It also shows that the absence of the same coordinate structure of idiomatic character in the other language makes the adequate translation impossible. This dissertation argues that all types of coordinate structures have the same invariant meaning of MULTITUDE, but syntactically this meaning is represented differently by typical and atypical coordinate structures. The result of the comparative analysis is the proposal of a nucleus-peripheral structure of coordination which represents the diversity of coordinate structures. In the nucleus-peripheral structure typical coordinate structures represent the nucleus and have prototypical status, whereas ACS represent the periphery; different types of ACS are arranged at different distances from the nucleus depending on how many common properties they share with prototypical structures. The fact that this structure can be applied to both English and Russian languages advocates for the common principles of coordinate structures formation mechanism in these otherwise unrelated languages.
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Hörberg, Thomas. "Probabilistic and Prominence-driven Incremental Argument Interpretation in Swedish." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-129763.

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This dissertation investigates how grammatical functions in transitive sentences (i.e., `subject' and `direct object') are distributed in written Swedish discourse with respect to morphosyntactic as well as semantic and referential (i.e., prominence-based) information. It also investigates how assignment of grammatical functions during on-line comprehension of transitive sentences in Swedish is influenced by interactions between morphosyntactic and prominence-based information. In the dissertation, grammatical functions are assumed to express role-semantic (e.g., Actor and Undergoer) and discourse-pragmatic (e.g., Topic and Focus) functions of NP arguments. Grammatical functions correlate with prominence-based information that is associated with these functions (e.g., animacy and definiteness). Because of these correlations, both prominence-based and morphosyntactic information are assumed to serve as argument interpretation cues during on-line comprehension. These cues are utilized in a probabilistic fashion. The weightings, interplay and availability of them are reflected in their distribution in language use, as shown in corpus data. The dissertation investigates these assumptions by using various methods in a triangulating fashion. The first contribution of the dissertation is an ERP (event-related brain potentials) experiment that investigates the ERP response to grammatical function reanalysis, i.e., a revision of a tentative grammatical function assignment, during on-line comprehension of transitive sentences. Grammatical function reanalysis engenders a response that correlates with the (re-)assignment of thematic roles to the NP arguments. This suggests that the comprehension of grammatical functions involves assigning role-semantic functions to the NPs. The second contribution is a corpus study that investigates the distribution of prominence-based, verb-semantic and morphosyntactic features in transitive sentences in written discourse. The study finds that overt morphosyntactic information about grammatical functions is used more frequently when the grammatical functions cannot be determined on the basis of word order or animacy. This suggests that writers are inclined to accommodate the understanding of their recipients by more often providing formal markers of grammatical functions in potentially ambiguous sentences. The study also finds that prominence features and their interactions with verb-semantic features are systematically distributed across grammatical functions and therefore can predict these functions with a high degree of confidence. The third contribution consists of three computational models of incremental grammatical function assignment. These models are based upon the distribution of argument interpretation cues in written discourse. They predict processing difficulties during grammatical function assignment in terms of on-line change in the expectation of different grammatical function assignments over the presentation of sentence constituents. The most prominent model predictions are qualitatively consistent with reading times in a self-paced reading experiment of Swedish transitive sentences. These findings indicate that grammatical function assignment draws upon statistical regularities in the distribution of morphosyntactic and prominence-based information in language use. Processing difficulties in the comprehension of Swedish transitive sentences can therefore be predicted on the basis of corpus distributions.
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Scotland, James. "Participating in a shared cognitive space : an exploration of working collaboratively and longer-term performance of a complex grammatical structure." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/32739.

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Qatar’s education system has recently been subjected to a process of deep structural reform. One of the beliefs which underpins this reform is the assumption that learner-centred pedagogy is more effective than traditional teacher-centred pedagogy. However, there is limited empirical evidence from a Qatari classroom context regarding the effectiveness of using learner-centred pedagogies. This lack of empirical evidence extends to the teaching of English as a foreign language. This study employed Vygotskian sociocultural theory as a lens to investigate the effects of working collaboratively on learners’ longer-term performance of two grammatical structures, the simple past passive and the present continuous passive, as well as the cognitive processes involved. Interventionist dynamic assessment was used to quantify the linguistic performance of male Arabic undergraduate EFL learners (N = 52) three times (pretest, posttest, and delayed posttest) over a 12-week period. In-between the pretest and the posttest, six form-focused treatment tasks were administered. The experimental group (n = 20) completed the treatment tasks collaboratively; the comparison group (n = 16) completed the treatment tasks individually; and the control group (n = 16) did not complete the treatment tasks. In addition, the genetic method was employed to trace the linguistic development of four participants in the experimental group. These four participants were audio-recorded as they collaboratively completed each treatment session. Mood’s median test (Mood, 1954) found a pretest to posttest statistically significant difference (M = 7.70, df = 1, p = 0.01) between the performances of the experimental and control groups for the structure of the simple past passive which is moderate to large in size (Cramér’s V = 0.46). However for both target structures, no statistically significant difference was found between the experimental group and the comparison group, suggesting that the treatment condition of working collaboratively was not more effective in promoting learners’ linguistic development than the treatment condition of working individually. Additionally, the descriptive statistics revealed high levels of individual variation. Of the four participants who were audio-recorded, the journey of one learner is presented. This data was analysed using a microgenetic approach with LREs (Swain and Lapkin, 1995, 1998, 2002) as the unit of analysis. The microgenetic analysis shows how working collaboratively provides learners with access to a shared cognitive space. Within this space, they can employ language as a cognitive tool to access other-regulation from their peers and deploy their own self-regulatory strategies. The experience of an individual was explored within the context of the linguistic gains made by the collective to whom he belongs. Thus, even though the statistical analysis of the results suggests that working collaboratively is not more effective in facilitating learners’ linguistic development than working individually, the process of language learning has been connected to the outcome of language learning through the results of the descriptive statistics and the microgenetic analysis. This study contributes to a better understanding of: the types of pedagogies that may be effective in a Qatari undergraduate context, why collaborative learning can be effective, how knowledge which is initially social can take on a psychological function, and how the Vygotskian sociocultural methodologies of the genetic method and dynamic assessment can be integrated into an SLA design.
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Walker, Katie Lynn. "Modeling Children's Organization of Utterances Using Statistical Information from Adult Language Input." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7378.

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Previous computerized models of child language acquisition have sought to determine how children acquire grammatical word categories (GWCs). The current study seeks to determine if statistical structure can be corroborated as a factor in GWC acquisition. Previous studies examining statistical structure have dealt with word order rather than GWC order and only examined an overall success rate. The present study examines how well a computer model of child acquisition of GWCs was able to reorganize scrambled sentences back into the correct GWC order using transitional probabilities extracted from adult language input. Overall, a 50% success rate was obtained, but when broken down by utterance length, utterances up to eight words in length had a success rate much higher than chance. Thus, it is likely that statistical structure informs children's acquisition of GWCs.
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Morey, Mathieu. "Étiquetage grammatical symbolique et interface syntaxe-sémantique des formalismes grammaticaux lexicalisés polarisés." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00640561.

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Les travaux de cette thèse portent sur l'analyse syntaxique et sémantique de la phrase, en utilisant pour l'analyse syntaxique un formalisme grammatical lexicalisé polarisé et en prenant comme exemple les grammaires d'interaction. Dans les formalismes grammaticaux lexicalisés, les polarités permettent de contrôler explicitement la composition des structures syntaxiques. Nous exploitons d'abord le besoin de composition exprimé par certaines polarités pour définir une notion faible de réduction de grammaire applicable à toute grammaire lexicalisée polarisée. Nous étudions ensuite la première phase de l'analyse syntaxique des formalismes lexicalisés: l'étiquetage grammatical. Nous exploitons là encore le besoin de composition de certaines polarités pour concevoir trois méthodes symboliques de filtrage des étiquetages grammaticaux que nous implantons sur automate. Nous abordons enfin l'interface syntaxe-sémantique des formalismes lexicalisés. Nous montrons comment l'utilisation de la réécriture de graphes comme modèle de calcul permet concrètement d'utiliser des structures syntaxiques riches pour calculer des représentations sémantiques sous-spécifiées.
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Gourlet, François. ""Quand P" comme adverbial de localisation temporelle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040110.

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Nous nous demandons dans ce travail de quelle manière "quand" modifie l'interprétation qui serait faite d'une séquence de propositions P. Q ou Q. P lorsqu'il préfixe P. Après avoir souligné les problèmes que cette question soulevé dans plusieurs études fondatrices en sémantique temporelle, nous apportons des arguments pour défendre la théorie, admise par plusieurs auteurs, selon laquelle "quand P" est un adverbial de localisation temporelle. Nous montrons que les propriétés discursives de P, souvent traitée dans la littérature comme une proposition présupposée, s'expliquent par cette seule contrainte : "quand" impose de traiter cette proposition comme la description d'un repère temporel utilisé dans l'interprétation de Q. Nous montrons en outre que la théorie selon laquelle "quand P" désigne un repère temporel permet de rendre compte des contraintes qui pèsent sur les relations chronologiques pouvant s'établir entre les événements eP et eQ des deux propositions. En particulier, nous avançons que l'inférence d'une relation de succession immédiate entre eP et eQ reflète l'une des relations qui peuvent s'établir entre le référent d'un adverbial de localisation et l'événement qu'il localise : le référent de l'adverbial sert de borne initiale à l'intervalle d'occurrence de l'événement. Enfin, nous étudions la manière dont la description d'éventualité et le marqueur temporel accueillis par P contribuent à la sémantique de l'adverbial "quand P". Nous précisons les propriétés quantificationnelles et temporelles conférées au référent de "quand P" par les différents temps du français et expliquons par ces propriétés les contraintes de cooccurrence qui pèsent sur l'emploi des temps dans P et Q
In this work, we adress the following question: how does "quand" change the interpretation that may be made of a sequence of clauses P. Q or Q. P when it prefixes P? After highlighting the problems that this matter raises in several pioneering studies in temporal semantics, we provide arguments to defend the theory E accepted by several authors E that quand P is a temporal locating adverbial. We show that the discourse properties of P, which is often treated in the literature as a presupposed proposition, is explained by the following single constraint: "quand" demands to treat this clause as the description of a time mark to be used in the interpretation of Q. We further show that the theory that "quand P" designates a time mark accounts for the constraints on the temporal relations that can be established between eP and eQ, the events of both clauses. In particular, we argue that the inference that eQ immediately follows eP reflects one of the relations that can be established between the referent of a temporal locating adverbial and the event it locates: the referent of the adverbial provides an initial bound to the interval of occurrence of the event. Finally, we study how the event description and the tense of P contribute to the semantics of the adverbial "quand P". We specify the quantificational and temporal properties imparted to the referent of quand P by the different tenses of French and explain these properties by co-occurrence constraints that impact the use of tenses in P and Q
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Cazala, Aurore. "Codage neuronal de l'ordre des signaux acoustiques dans les chants des oiseaux Neuronal Encoding in a High-Level Auditory Area: From Sequential Order of Elements to Grammatical Structure." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS481.

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Le chant des oiseaux, comme le langage oral chez les humains, nécessite une reconnaissance fine des signaux acoustiques émis. Mais un chant d’oiseau n’est pas qu’une simple succession d’éléments sonores, appelés syllabes. L’agencement des syllabes suit des règles, et, d’un point de vue comportemental, les oiseaux peuvent discriminer les chants en fonction de cet agencement. Comme ils possèdent, de plus, un ensemble de régions cérébrales spécialisées dans la perception, la production et l’apprentissage du chant, ils sont un très bon modèle d’étude des mécanismes neuronaux impliqués dans le traitement de l’ordre temporel des signaux acoustiques. Au cours de cette thèse, cette question a été le cœur de deux études basées sur des enregistrements électrophysiologiques (extracellulaires) de l’activité des neurones lors de la diffusion de chants.La première étude a porté sur le traitement de l’ordre au niveau d’une aire analogue du cortex auditif secondaire des mammifères, le nidopallium caudo-médian (NCM), chez une espèce, le diamant mandarin (Taeniopygia guttata), capable de discriminer des chants suivant l’agencement des syllabes. Les neurones du NCM ont la particularité d’avoir des réponses qui diminuent lors des répétitions d’un stimulus et qui augmentent si un nouveau chant est présenté. En se basant sur cette propriété d’adaptation, nous avons montré qu’il n’est pas nécessaire de changer de chant, un changement de l’ordre des syllabes suffit à réinstaller des réponses. Changer l’ordre modifie le contexte acoustique dans lequel se trouve une syllabe (ce qui précède est différent), les neurones du NCM seraient donc sensibles à ce contexte. Pour aller plus loin, nous avons utilisé comme stimuli de courtes séquences composées de 2 syllabes différentes, A et B, organisées selon les structures grammaticales ABAB ou AABB. Les résultats montrent que les neurones détectent cette différence de structure, apportant un argument supplémentaire à l’hypothèse d’un traitement de la façon dont les syllabes se succèdent dans un chant.La deuxième étude a porté sur le traitement de l’ordre des syllabes dans une aire sensori-motrice, le HVC, chez le canari (Serinus canaria). Les neurones du HVC ont déjà été identifiés comme sensibles à l’ordre des syllabes dans le propre chant de l’oiseau (bird’s own song ou BOS). Le canari produit des chants complexes composés de phrases successives, elles-mêmes contenant des répétitions d’une même syllabe. L’agencement des phrases dans les chants est régi par des probabilités de transition et conduit à former des séquences stéréotypées et récurrentes dans les chants, les chunks. De plus, la position des phrases varie d’une phrase à l’autre. L’activité des neurones du HVC a été enregistrée lors de la diffusion d’un des BOS de l’oiseau composé de 3 chunks et de variantes : le BOS dans lequel seul l’ordre des phrases dans un chunk ou seul l’ordre des chunks est modifié. Les résultats montrent un impact plus fort des modifications de l’ordre des chunks que de l’ordre des phrases dans les chunks, sur les réponses neuronales. Contrairement à une étude chez une autre espèce d’oiseau, nos résultats n’apportent pas d’arguments en faveur de l’idée que la sensibilité à l’ordre repose sur un traitement des probabilités de transition entre les phrases. Ils suggèrent que la sensibilité des neurones s’étend sur plusieurs phrases, au-delà de la structure des chunks eux-mêmes et dépend de l’ordre des chunks dans le chant.Ces études montrent que les réponses des neurones à une syllabe ou à une phrase donnée dépendent de ce qui la précède, que ce soit au niveau d’une aire sensorimotrice ou d’une aire auditive de haut niveau. Au niveau du HVC, cette sensibilité au contexte peut s’étendre sur plusieurs phrases, et donc plusieurs secondes, permettant d’envisager comment l’ordre des mots du langage humain pourrait être traité au niveau neuronal
Songs of songbirds, such as speech in humans, requires fine recognition of emitted acoustic signals. But bird's song isn’t only a succession of sound elements, called syllables. The order of syllables follows rules, and, from a behavioral point of view, birds can discriminate songs according to this order. Moreover, since they have a set of specialized brain regions in the perception, production and learning of singing, they are a major model for studying neural mechanisms involved in the processing of temporal order of acoustic signals. During this thesis, the focus was on two studies based on electrophysiological recordings (extracellular) of neurons activity during the song diffusion.The first study focused on the treatment of order in an analog area of the mammalian secondary auditory cortex, the caudomedial nidopallium (NCM), in one species, the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata), able to discriminate songs according to syllables order. NCM neurons responses decrease during iterations of a stimulus and increase if a new song is presented. Based on this adaptation property, we have shown that it's not necessary to change the song, a change in the order of syllables is sufficient to re-establish responses. Changing the order changes the acoustic context of the syllable (what comes before is different), so the NCM neurons would be sensitive to this context. To go further, we used as stimuli a short sequence composed of 2 different syllables, A and B, organized according to ABAB or AABB grammatical structures. The results show that the neurons detect this difference in structure, providing an additional argument to the hypothesis of a treatment depending on how the syllables follow each other in a song.The second study focused on the treatment of the order of syllables in a sensorimotor area, the HVC (proper noum), in the canary (Serinus canaria). HVC neurons have already been identified as sensitive to syllable order in the bird's own song (BOS). The canary produces complex songs composed of successive phrases, themselves containing repetitions of the same syllable. The arrangement of the phrases in the songs depends on transition probabilities and leads to the formation of stereotyped and recurrent sequences, called chunks. In addition, the position of sentences varies from one sentence to another. The activity of the HVC neurons was recorded during the diffusion of one of the BOS composed of 3 chunks and variants: BOS in which only the order of the phrases in a chunk or only the order of the chunks, is changed. The results show a stronger impact on the neuronal responses, of changes in the order of the chunks than in the order of sentences in the chunks. At the contrary to a study of another species of bird, our results don’t provide any arguments in favor of the idea that order sensitivity is based on a treatment of transition probabilities between phrases. They suggest that the sensitivity of neurons extends over several phrases, beyond the structure of the chunks themselves and depends on chunks order in the song.These studies show that responses of neurons to a given syllable or phrase depend on what precedes it, whether at the level of a sensorimotor area or a high-level auditory area. At the HVC level, this sensitivity to context can extend over several phrases, and therefore several seconds, to consider how the order of words of human language could be treated at the neuronal level
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Books on the topic "Grammatical structure"

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Suihkonen, Pirkko, Bernard Comrie, and Valery Solovyev, eds. Argument Structure and Grammatical Relations. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.126.

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Myers-Scotton, Carol. Duelling languages: Grammatical structure in codeswitching. Oxford: Clarendon, 1997.

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Ergativity: Argument structure and grammatical relations. Stanford, Calif: CSLI Publications, 1996.

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Duelling languages: Grammatical structure in codeswitching. Oxford, Eng: Clarendon Press, 1993.

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O'Siadhail, Mícheál. Modern Irish: Grammatical structure and dialectal variation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

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Kroeger, Paul. Phrase structure and grammatical relations in Tagalog. Stanford, CA: Published for the Stanford Linguistics Association by the Center for the Study of Language and Information, 1993.

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Modern Irish: Grammatical structure and dialectal variation. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

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Solovʹev, V. D. (Valeriĭ Dmitrievich), ed. Argument structure and grammatical relations: A crosslinguistic typology. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co., 2012.

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Macdonald, D. The Oceanic languages, their grammatical structure, vocabulary, and origin. New Delhi: Asian Educational Service, 1997.

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Nonsentential constituents: Theory of grammatical structure and pragmatic interpretation. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Grammatical structure"

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Jeffries, Lesley. "Grammatical Structure." In The Language of Twentieth-Century Poetry, 96–113. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23000-6_7.

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Silva-Villar, Luis. "French syllable structure." In Grammatical Theory and Romance Languages, 229. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.133.19sil.

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Parsons, Terence. "Meaning Sensitivity and Grammatical Structure." In Structures and Norms in Science, 369–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0538-7_22.

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Fenn, Peter, and Götz Schwab. "Basic elements of grammatical structure." In Introducing English Syntax, 6–33. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, [2017]: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315148434-2.

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Baicchi, Annalisa. "Metaphoric motivation in grammatical structure." In Human Cognitive Processing, 149–70. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hcp.27.10bai.

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Tanaka-Ishii, Kumiko. "Grammatical Structure and Long Memory." In Mathematics in Mind, 141–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59377-3_14.

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Nash, Lea. "Proxy Categories in Phrase Structure Theory." In Aspects of Grammatical Architecture, 52–71. New York : Routledge, [2017] | Series: Routledge leading linguists: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315112497-3.

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Blyth, Carl, and Dale A. Koike. "Interactional frames and grammatical constructions." In Perspectives on Linguistic Structure and Context, 87–108. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.244.05bly.

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Steurs, Frieda. "6. Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar." In Linguistic Theory and Grammatical Description, 219. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.75.08ste.

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Schwarz, Florian. "Definites, Domain Restriction, and Discourse Structure in Online Processing." In Grammatical Approaches to Language Processing, 187–208. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01563-3_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Grammatical structure"

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Saidi, Alexandre. "Using Grammatical Inference For Structure Induction." In 2006 15th International Conference on Computing. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cic.2006.71.

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Wilson, Dominic A., and Devinder Kaur. "Fuzzy Classification using Grammatical Evolution for Structure Identification." In 2006 Annual Meeting of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nafips.2006.365864.

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Purnanto, Dwi, Sumarlam Sumarlam, and Sutji Muljani. "The Grammatical Structure of Discourse in the Notary Text." In Fourth Prasasti International Seminar on Linguistics (Prasasti 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/prasasti-18.2018.60.

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"RECOGNITION OF TEXT WITH KNOWN GEOMETRIC AND GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURE." In International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0001086501940199.

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Igunova, N. V., M. A. Diukova, and M. N. Alekseeva. "The development of the grammatical structure of speech in ontogenesis." In Научные тенденции: Педагогика и психология. ЦНК МОАН, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/spc-04-11-2018-02.

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Novikova, Natalia Anatolyevna. "Reorganization of the grammatical structure of the authentic text as a result of adaptation by the example of the novel by Maugham «The Painted Veil»." In Internationa Extra-murral Online Conference, chair Andrej Anatolyevich Beresnev. TSNS Interaktiv Plus, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-111449.

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The article describes the main features of the grammatical adaptation of the original text on the example of a particular work of art. This article also identifies the most frequently exposed to simplification the grammatical phenomenon and the analysis of the above mentioned changes.
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Kiryuhina, Darya Pavlovna. "Features of grammatical speech structure of preschoolers with mental development delay." In VII International applied research conference, chair Marina Yakovlevna Dobrya. TSNS Interaktiv Plus, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-111870.

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Stankovic´, Tino, Kristina Shea, Mario Sˇtorga, and Dorian Marjanovic´. "Grammatical Evolution of Technical Processes." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87042.

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In the teleological sense, people design new products in order to meet market demands and societal needs and by fulfilling these, they push the boundaries of technical evolution. These demands and needs are met by means of a technical process (TP) inside which the operands are transformed to achieve desired state. If the problem of search for suitable optimal technologies required for the operand transformation within the TP can be tackled computationally, then the transformation alternatives can be obtained in an expedient fashion with the probability of the generation of novel alternatives. The approach considered within this paper proposes a grammatical evolution (GE) based method for the search and optimization of technical processes. The breakdown of the TP as a black-box concept into a system of interrelated sub-processes and operations is done according to the formalized knowledge inside the set of production rules of the Backus-Naur form (BNF). Once the breakdown procedure has produced a state composed solely of terminals, the specification of the needed effects required for establishing the product function structure is complete. This paper presents the breakdown of the TP of tea-brewing as an example.
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Artamonova, Natalya Vasilievna. "DEFINITION OF GRAMMATICAL STATUS PARTICIPATIONS IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE." In IX Международная научно-практическая конференция "Инновационные аспекты развития науки и техники". KDU, Moscow, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31453/kdu.ru.978-5-7913-1190-0-2021-186-192.

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Communion as part of speech occupies a special place in the structure of the Russian language, since it represents a problematic aspect of grammar. Already when determining the grammatical status of participle, the first difficulties appear, which is associated with hybrid features of participle, since it combines the features of two independent parts of speech - the adjective and the verb. The works of linguists describe different approaches to determining the status of communion. At present, it is possible to state the existence in Russian grammar of several points of view on the definition of the nature of communion.
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Pong, Ke-Chen, Ming-Hsin Tsai, and Shuo-Hsiu Hsu. "Applying a Grammatical Structure to Practice Game Design on Non-Computer Games." In 2012 IEEE 4th International Conference on Digital Game and Intelligent Toy Enhanced Learning (DIGITEL 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/digitel.2012.17.

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