Academic literature on the topic 'Grammatiche inglesi'

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Journal articles on the topic "Grammatiche inglesi"

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Oliveira e Oliveira, Irenilza. "Sobre as construções com tough movement do inglês (On English tough-movement constructions)." Estudos da Língua(gem) 8, no. 2 (December 30, 2010): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.22481/el.v8i2.1130.

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Neste trabalho, apresento uma análise para construções com tough-movement do inglês. Tomando como evidência as propriedades semânticas e sintáticas internas ao predicado encaixado e a relação sintática que se estabelece entre este predicado e o núcleo da oração mais alta, mostro que sentenças como John is easy to please e John is easy to convince Mary to visit possuem estruturas sinta?ticas diferentes no que tange ao complemento infinitivo do predicado tough.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Língua Inglesa. Movimento Sintático. Predicado Tough. Sintaxe Gerativa.ABSTRACT In this work, I analyze English tough-movement constructions. Based on semantic and syntactic properties of these constructions and on the grammatical relationship between the infinitival complement and the tough predicate, I argue that sentences like John is easy to please and John is easy to convince Mary to visit have different syntactic derivations. KEYWORDS: English. Syntactic Movement. Tough Predicate. Generative Syntax.
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Pedriali, Federica. "Una fama da non recuperare? Baretti e la Grammatica della Lingua inglese (1760)." Italianist 13, no. 1 (June 1, 1993): 97–138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/026143493792109479.

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Saraiva Pasca, Maria Alejandra, and Karen Pupp Spinassé. "Foco na forma e o ensino de Inglês como L2/L3." BELT - Brazilian English Language Teaching Journal 8, no. 1 (August 14, 2017): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/2178-3640.2017.1.26719.

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Grammatical and lexical similarities between languages can help promote adult language learning. However, even when learners are provided with a lot of input in the L2, they may not notice certain similarities and differences between their L1 and the L2 in the classroom if the linguistic structure is not salient. The purpose of this article is to discuss the benefits of making grammatical and lexical comparisons among languages, such as proposed in the EuroCom Project, and the importance of using a Meaning and a Form Focused Instruction with corrective feedback when teaching L3 learners, based on different studies carried out with multilinguals. The more the Brazilian learners of English as a second or third language notice the similarities among English, Spanish and Portuguese, the more advantage they will take of their prior linguistic knowledge, facilitating the L3 learning process.
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Carlos Vargas, Juan, and Marco Flores. "The Problems, Rhetorical and Grammatical, in the Teaching of That and Wich in Nonrestrictive and Restrictive Adjectival Clauses." Revista de Filología y Lingüística de la Universidad de Costa Rica 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rfl.v30i1.4466.

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El uso de that y which en oraciones subordinadas adjetivas de carácter restrictivo en inglés ha sido definido, durante mucho tiempo, por los profesores de gramática y composición that y which son intercambiables en dichas oraciones. Sin embargo, algunos de los más connotados gramáticos y teóricos del idioma inglés afirman que that y which no deberían emplearse indistintamente. Expertos tales como W. H. Fowler, Theodore Bernstein y Fredrick Crews, en contraste con la práctica común para el uso de estas palabras, recomiendan que that sea empleado exclusivamente para oraciones restrictivas y which para oraciones no restrictivas. En este artículo se revisa, analiza y evalúa un debate que ha sido ignorado en libros de texto y de referencia empleados en la enseñanza del inglés.
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Pescia, Lorenza. "La femminilizzazione degli agentivi nell’era digitale: la rappresentazione linguistica delle donne e google translate." Babylonia Journal of Language Education 3 (December 20, 2021): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.55393/babylonia.v3i.133.

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Italiano, tedesco e inglese sono lingue che si comportano diversamente per quanto riguarda l’uso di forme femminilizzate. Se per il tedesco esiste un modello grammaticale affermato, per l’italiano l’uso di forme marcate non è “automatico” ed è spesso oggetto di discussione. Date queste premesse, ci siamo chiesti come si comporti google translate rispetto alla traduzione in italiano di agentivi riferiti a donne. Grazie a tre corpora basati sui profili wikipedia di 200 donne (il primo corpus con testi in italiano, gli altri due con le traduzioni in italiano dal tedesco e dall’inglese) abbiamo osservato quali sono gli elementi che facilitano o ostacolano il riconoscimento del genere, alla luce del nuovo sistema con reti neurali.
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Tekavčić, Pavao. "Italiano e dialetti nel tempo, Saggi di grammatica per Giulio C. Lepschy, a cura di Paola Beninca', Guglielmo Cinque, Tullio De Mauro, Nigel Vincent; Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Dipartimento di Scienze del Linguaggio; Bulzoni Editore, Roma, 1996, XI." Linguistica 36, no. 1 (December 1, 1996): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.36.1.118-121.

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La presente Miscellanea, dedicata al grande linguista italiano da tempo resi­ dente e docente in Gran Bretagna, autore di volumi fondamentali (La linguistica strut­ turale 1966, La lingua italiana 1981 (originale inglese 1977), La linguistica del Nove­ cento 1992) e di numerosi saggi, riflette l'ampiezza dei suoi interessi scientifici e, con le parole dell'autrice della Presentazione (V-IX, bibliografia scelta X-XI), Anna Mor­ purgo Davies, racchiude «una serie di lavori di linguistica italiana scritti da punti di vista teorici diversi, senza dogmatismo» (V): grammatica generativa e descrittiva, dialettologia, linguistica storica, filologia ecc. Gli autori dei contributi sono linguisti italiani e stranieri, e gli idiomi studiati sono l'italiano (standard, regionale) e tutti i dialetti della Penisola.
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Dalamu, Taofeek Olaiwola. "Halliday’s Mood System: A Scorecard of Literacy in the English Grammar in an L2 Situation / O sistema de modo de Halliday: um quadro de resultados sobre o conhecimento da gramática da língua inglesa como L2." REVISTA DE ESTUDOS DA LINGUAGEM 27, no. 1 (January 6, 2019): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2237-2083.27.1.241-274.

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Abstract: It is no gainsaying that English is not only renowned in world affairs; its hegemony over other languages seems incontestable, and perhaps, unchecked. The domineering behavior has persuaded an L2 speaker to seek the knowledge of the language at all costs. It is fascinating to propose that the Halliday’s mood system could play a vibrant role in the understanding of the structures of English. This basis inspired the study to elucidate the arms of the mood system as consisting of grammatical structures of declarative, imperative, and interrogative; semiotic domains of Mood and Residue; and interpersonal grammatical transposition of MOOD. For a practical purpose, the study examined ten texts of advertisements processed through the mood system. The analysis revealed the verbal group as containing the finite and the predicator. Moreover, in a situation of fusion, both Finite and Predicator shared the verbal functional entity in terms of tense and natural ‘process’ statuses. Furthermore, Subject, Finite, Predicator, Complement, and Adjunct (SFPCA) are the components of the declarative, Predicator, Complement, and Adjunct (PCA) represent the jussive imperative; and SPCAs are units of the suggestive imperative. The study suggested that the appreciation of mood systemic sequences could quicken an L2 speaker to a better-cum-fuller understanding of English grammatical system.Keywords: English grammar; language acquisition; language learning; literacy; mood system.Resumo: Não é novidade que o inglês é reconhecido mundialmente; sua hegemonia parece incontestável e talvez, sem julgamento. A dominância dessa língua persuade seus falantes como L2 a buscarem conhecimento sobre ela de todas as formas. É fascinante propor que o sistema de modo de Halliday poderia ter um papel importante na compreensão das estruturas do inglês. Essa ideia inspirou esse estudo a elucidar o papel do sistema de modo, o qual consiste de estruturas gramaticais declarativas, imperativas e interrogativas; que pertencem ao domínio semiótico de Modo e Resíduo e à transposição gramatical interpessoal de MODO. Para o estudo dez testos de propagandas foram processados através do sistema de modo. A análise revelou que o grupo verbal contém formas Finitas e Predicadores. Ademais, numa situação de fusão, ambos o sistema Finito e Predicador dividiam a função verbal de entidade funcional em termos de tempo e processos naturais. Além disso, Sujeito, Finito, Predicador, Complemento e Adjunto (SFPCA) são componentes de declarativas; Predicador, Complemento e Adjunto (PCA) representam o imperativo jussivo; e SPCAs são unidades do imperativo sugestivo. O estudo sugere que a observação de sequências sistêmicas de modo poderiam agilizar o conhecimento de um aprendiz de inglês L2 do sistema gramatical da língua.Palavras-chave: gramática do inglês; aquisição de língua; aprendizagem de língua; letramento; sistema de modo.
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Chan Díaz, José Luis. "Word cards: an effective or an obsolete strategy to learn the spelling, meaning and grammatical function of new vocabulary." Pensamiento Actual 16, no. 26 (June 21, 2016): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/pa.v16i26.25190.

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El objetivo de este artículo es presentar un análisis de los cambios en la cantidad de vocabulario en ingles que estudiantes principiantes pueden aprender en un cuatrimestre (14 semanas) mediante el uso de fichas. Los participantes tomaron una prueba previa al inicio de la investigación y una prueba posterior al final. Cada semana los estudiantes crearon fichas de palabras que no conocían de una lista de 512 palabras estudiadas anteriormente en dos cursos. Se utilizó un “t-test” para comparar los resultados obtenidos. Además, los participantes llevaron un control del tiempo que utilizaron repasando con fichas y completaron un cuestionario al final del cuatrimestre. Los resultados obtenidos en la primera evaluación general y en la segunda evaluación (71.66-87.33) respectivamente, muestran que hubo mejoría. Los resultados reportados son evidencia para afirmar que el uso de fichas como estrategia ayuda a aprender vocabulario rápidamente.
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Becerra Polanco, Manuel Antonio, and Juan González Martínez. "Practicando la habilidad de hablar en inglés mediante interacciones con hablantes nativos." Revista Relep - Educación y Pedagogía en Latinoamérica 2, no. 3 (June 17, 2021): 68–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.46990/relep.2020.2.3.222.

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El presente artículo describe una investigación cualitativa enfocada en analizar la mejoría de la habilidad de hablar en inglés por parte de los alumnos de la universidad de Quintana Rool. La metodología se enfocó a través de prácticas situacionales con hablantes nativos del inglés y al diseño actividades orientadas a la realización de conversaciones entre grupos pequeños. Para la recolección de los datos, se empleó el uso de foros, y un cuestionario con preguntas abiertas. Los resultados reportan mejorías en los alumnos respecto al control de limitaciones psicológicas como la timidez, miedo a cometer errores, hablar con nativos, entre otras. De igual forma, se identificó mejoría en el aspecto lingüístico al fomentar el uso y práctica de estructuras gramaticales. Abstract This article describes a qualitative research focused on analyzing the improvement of English speaking skills of students at the University of Quintana Rool. The methodology was focused through situational practices with native English speakers and the design of activities oriented to small group conversations. For data collection, the use of forums and a questionnaire with open-ended questions was used. The results report improvements in the students' control of psychological limitations such as shyness, fear of making mistakes, speaking with native speakers, among others. Likewise, improvement was identified in the linguistic aspect by encouraging the use and practice of grammatical structures.
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Móia, Telmo. "Alguns adjuntos temporais com especial relevância para a tradução inglês-português: o caso de since-desde e expressões afins." Revista da Associação Portuguesa de Linguística, no. 8 (October 16, 2021): 168–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.26334/2183-9077/rapln8ano2021a12.

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This paper addresses the semantic analysis of polyvalent temporal adjuncts headed by (mainly) English since and Portuguese desde, and problems in translation from English to Portuguese. Four semantic values of the single operator since are considered (the second and fourth of which are not normally considered autonomously in the English literature) – durative location, derived durative location (in association with adjunct-triggered Aktionsart shift), simple inclusive location and temporal circumscription of quantification. Furthermore, the typically monovalent phrase ever since and the bivalent phrase long since are also taken into account. The fact the Portuguese desde – contrary to English since – is not normally associated with simple inclusive locations is the source of many translation problems. Other interesting grammatical issues, involving long since, are also addressed. The translation data is obtained from the website linguee.com (where six different types of problems are found), and the semantic analysis is made with the logic of the Discourse Representation Theory, elaborating on my previous work, Móia (2000).
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Grammatiche inglesi"

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RUBAGOTTI, CHIARA. "LATE(R) MODERN ENGLISH E PRESCRITTIVISMO LINGUISTICO: IL CASO DELLE GRAMMATICHE." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/18478.

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Nell’ambito della linguistica storica inglese si è assistito solo negli ultimi anni all’emergere di un nuovo interesse accademico e al conseguente sviluppo di un nuovo campo di ricerca: il Late(r) Modern English (LModE). Lo studio diacronico della lingua inglese, tradizionalmente spintosi fino a includere il periodo dell’Early Modern English, ha infatti solo recentemente accolto nel suo raggio d’indagine lo studio dei secoli a noi più vicini, il XVIII e il XIX, precedentemente soprannominati “the Cinderellas of English historical linguistic study” (Jones 1989). Il presente lavoro propone un’analisi storica e sociolinguistica del periodo che considera l’evoluzione linguistica del British English, l’importante fenomeno del prescrittivismo linguistico e lo sviluppo della grammatografia inglese nel XVIII secolo. Il primo capitolo propone una collocazione temporale del LModE tra il 1660 e il 1945, ne traccia i principali sviluppi storici e sociali, e presenta lo stato dell’arte sulla variazione linguistica del periodo. Il secondo capitolo presenta un’analisi approfondita delle diverse ideologie che hanno contribuito allo sviluppo del prescrittivismo quale fenomeno linguisticamente e culturalmente pervasivo. Il terzo capitolo, infine, traccia lo sviluppo settecentesco della grammatica come genere normativo e presenta l’analisi dettagliata di un'opera finora poco osservata: “Grammatical Observations on the English Language” (1766) del reverendo Caleb Fleming (1698-1779).
A growing amount of scholarly attention has been paid to Late(r) Modern English since Jones (1989) famously dubbed the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries “the Cinderellas of English historical linguistic study”. The present work aims to contribute to such process of “De-Cinderellisation” (Rodriguez-Alvarez & Rodriguez-Gil 2011) through a historical and sociolinguistic account that links the evolution of British English in modern times to the rise of linguistic normativism and the development of grammars. The first chapter frames the period between 1660 and 1945, reports on the major socio-historical developments of the time, and tracks the linguistic variation through a state-of-the-art survey. The second chapter offers a lengthy and thorough examination of the different ideologies which brought about the all-pervasive linguistic and cultural phenomenon of prescriptivism. Finally the third chapter details the eighteenth-century development of English grammars as a normative genre and focuses on the micro-level analysis of the under-researched work by Rev. Caleb Fleming (1698-1779): “Grammatical Observations on the English Language” (1766).
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RUBAGOTTI, CHIARA. "LATE(R) MODERN ENGLISH E PRESCRITTIVISMO LINGUISTICO: IL CASO DELLE GRAMMATICHE." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/18478.

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Nell’ambito della linguistica storica inglese si è assistito solo negli ultimi anni all’emergere di un nuovo interesse accademico e al conseguente sviluppo di un nuovo campo di ricerca: il Late(r) Modern English (LModE). Lo studio diacronico della lingua inglese, tradizionalmente spintosi fino a includere il periodo dell’Early Modern English, ha infatti solo recentemente accolto nel suo raggio d’indagine lo studio dei secoli a noi più vicini, il XVIII e il XIX, precedentemente soprannominati “the Cinderellas of English historical linguistic study” (Jones 1989). Il presente lavoro propone un’analisi storica e sociolinguistica del periodo che considera l’evoluzione linguistica del British English, l’importante fenomeno del prescrittivismo linguistico e lo sviluppo della grammatografia inglese nel XVIII secolo. Il primo capitolo propone una collocazione temporale del LModE tra il 1660 e il 1945, ne traccia i principali sviluppi storici e sociali, e presenta lo stato dell’arte sulla variazione linguistica del periodo. Il secondo capitolo presenta un’analisi approfondita delle diverse ideologie che hanno contribuito allo sviluppo del prescrittivismo quale fenomeno linguisticamente e culturalmente pervasivo. Il terzo capitolo, infine, traccia lo sviluppo settecentesco della grammatica come genere normativo e presenta l’analisi dettagliata di un'opera finora poco osservata: “Grammatical Observations on the English Language” (1766) del reverendo Caleb Fleming (1698-1779).
A growing amount of scholarly attention has been paid to Late(r) Modern English since Jones (1989) famously dubbed the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries “the Cinderellas of English historical linguistic study”. The present work aims to contribute to such process of “De-Cinderellisation” (Rodriguez-Alvarez & Rodriguez-Gil 2011) through a historical and sociolinguistic account that links the evolution of British English in modern times to the rise of linguistic normativism and the development of grammars. The first chapter frames the period between 1660 and 1945, reports on the major socio-historical developments of the time, and tracks the linguistic variation through a state-of-the-art survey. The second chapter offers a lengthy and thorough examination of the different ideologies which brought about the all-pervasive linguistic and cultural phenomenon of prescriptivism. Finally the third chapter details the eighteenth-century development of English grammars as a normative genre and focuses on the micro-level analysis of the under-researched work by Rev. Caleb Fleming (1698-1779): “Grammatical Observations on the English Language” (1766).
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Marchio, Francesca <1991&gt. "A comparison between Grammatical Development and Non-Verbal Language in children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/8702.

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The purpose of this work was to investigate the relationship between grammatical development and non-verbal language in preschool children with autistic spectrum disorder. Findings from three case studies are presented. Two children with mild-moderate autism (3;6 and 6 years old) and one typically developing child (4;6 years old) were videotaped interacting with their teachers in familiar places in order to make the children feel comfortable. The teachers have presented to the children three different tasks: describing images, responding to some questions and drawing.  The videotapes were coded in order to assess the grammatical development and non-verbal language. To the assessment of grammatical development, the mean length of utterance (MLU) was employed. While, in order to analyze non-verbal language, the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), and Body Coding System (BCS) were used. The present research has wondered whether children with autistic spectrum disorder tend to use the same modalities of normally developing children to compensate their lower verbal and nonverbal abilities.
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Piton, Salvador. "The importance of grammatical cohesion in Conrad Aiken's Silent snow, secret snow." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/24069.

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Abstract: The components of this paper are essentially based on grammatical cohesion which comprises reference (nominal and demonstrative), substitution and ellipsis (both nominal, verbal and clausal) and were selected from "Silent Snow, Secret Snow" by Conrad Aiken. Considering the language used by the author and by virtue of the cohesive peculiarity of the short story, we proposed a division of the text into two distinct parts, presenting, there fore, a new perspective in terms of structure, without any intention of altering the structural originality of the text,which is based on the sequence of the events presented in a chronological-, order.' This division into two parts may be justified by the relevance of the cataphoric items found in the first part and the anaphoric ones in the second, related to the same character(subject) and subject matter. In other words, the cataphoric elements in the first part (up to paragraph 20) become anaphoric in the second part (from paragraph 20 on), from the moment in which the name "Paul Hasleman" and "the snow" become explicit. With regard to the tables, the structure presented refers especially, to the first and the third ones. The other tables contribute to a more comprehensive study of the grammatical cohesion in the text. We may say that: Table One : : contains • cataphoric data up to paragraph 20 of the text; Table Two: registers anaphoric data up to paragraph 20 as well; Table Three: comprises anaphoric data - which were cataphoric from paragraph 20 up to the end of the short story; Table Four: contains substitution data (nominal, verbal ' and clausal) throughout the text; Table Five: registers data concerning ellipsis (also nominal, verbal and clausal) throughout the short story as well. All data analysed were selected having in : mind the cohesive relation between at least two sentences. Through out the data, the cataphoric items seem to contribute more effectively to preserve the essentially foggy atmosphere of the first paragraphs of the short story. But the same effect is not produced by anaphora (reference, substitution and ellipsis) which, while considering i its practical aspect/ taking the reader back to occurrences already mentioned and events previously refered to, promotes a more satisfactory interaction between the reader and the text in terms of comprehension. The attempt made in order to establish a parallel between grammatical cohesion and the atmosphere of the: text, considering the first as a "linguistic metaphor" of the second, enabled us to perceive vagueness as a result , not only of other elements of literary creation, but also as the result of the linguistic structures used by the author. The exophoric data and the comparative reference which also belong to the study of the grammatical - cohesive relations, were not considered for they do not present the cohesive relations proposed above. As the cohesive relations are not limited to those analysed in this paper, the lexical and the conjunctive items, were presented as proposed topic for further research completing thus the study of the cohesive relations found in the text.
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Fernandes, Aline Mara [UNESP]. "A (meta)linguagem para explicação gramatical em língua inglesa: subsídios para elaboração de tarefas do teste oral do EPPLE (Exame de Proficiência para Professores de Língua Estrangeira)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/141886.

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Este trabalho, inserido na área de avaliação de proficiência de professores de língua estrangeira, investigou o uso da metalinguagem para explicação gramatical em língua inglesa a partir de dados coletados em contexto real de uso da língua em dois cursos de Licenciatura em Letras. Os objetivos centrais desta pesquisa foram: (1) discutir o uso da metalinguagem em dois contextos de formação de professores de língua estrangeira e o desenvolvimento da competência metalinguística de futuros professores; (2) caracterizar a explicação gramatical em língua inglesa pela análise de sua estrutura textual, a partir de amostras de falas de professores e alunos em aulas, seminários e teste oral do EPPLE (Exame de Proficiência para Professores de Línguas Estrangeiras) e (3) propor um quadro de especificações de teste para a elaboração de tarefas do teste oral do EPPLE que contemplem a explicação gramatical. Para alcançar esses objetivos, foi realizada a descrição de aulas de língua inglesa coletadas nos dois cursos de formação de professores de língua estrangeira, de modo a obter um panorama do uso da metalinguagem para explicação gramatical. Foram também analisados trechos de seminários apresentados pelos alunos  professores em formação  e trechos de gravações do desempenho dos alunos no teste oral do EPPLE, aplicado nos anos de 2012 e 2013. A esse conjunto de dados, em uma primeira etapa, aplicamos uma metodologia baseada na Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional, de análise da estrutura esquemática (EGGINS, 2012) para a caracterização da explicação gramatical. Observamos uma estrutura típica na realização da explicação gramatical nos três tipos de eventos comunicativos analisados (aulas, seminários e teste oral), marcada especialmente pela descrição do uso linguístico e pela exemplificação, além de outros elementos secundários, como fornecimento de prática e elicitação de participação dos alunos pelo professor. Tendo em vista a recorrência da explicação gramatical nos dados e dos elementos que compõem sua estrutura esquemática, foi possível afirmar seu lugar no domínio de linguagem específico do professor. Foi apresentado também um levantamento do léxico empregado por (futuros) professores no fornecimento da explicação gramatical, capaz de auxiliar na elaboração e na avaliação das tarefas orais. A segunda etapa deste estudo foi dedicada à discussão sobre especificações de teste, com base na literatura da área de avaliação de língua (por ex. FULCHER; DAVIDSON, 2007; O’SULLIVAN, 2012); à descrição do construto do EPPLE, com base em estudos e publicações realizadas no escopo do projeto desse exame (por ex. CONSOLO et al, 2009, 2010; CONSOLO E TEIXEIRA DA SILVA, 2007, 2014; ANCHIETA, 2015); e, por fim, à criação de especificações de teste para elaboração de tarefas para o teste oral do EPPLE. A caracterização da explicação gramatical, desenvolvida na primeira etapa de análise dos dados, permitiu delimitar traços específicos desse uso da metalinguagem possíveis de serem incluídos em tarefas de teste e em critérios de avaliação da proficiência oral em língua inglesa. Com este estudo, esperamos contribuir para a descrição do domínio de linguagem do professor de LE, para documentação do EPPLE e para o desenvolvimento de materiais de teste direcionados a elaboradores e avaliadores do exame.
This study, inserted in the area of language testing, investigates the use of metalanguage for grammatical explanation in English from data collected in contexts of real language use in two undergraduate language courses in Brazil. The main objectives of this research study are: (1) to discuss the use of metalanguage in two different contexts of foreign language teacher education and the development of metalinguistic competence of teachers-to-be; (2) to study grammatical explanation in English through analysis of its textual structure, based on samples of teachers’ oral language in lessons, oral presentations and the oral test of EPPLE (Proficiency Examination for Foreign Language Teachers), and (3) propose a test specifications sheet for the development of tasks for the EPPLE oral component that include grammatical explanation. In order to achieve these objectives, we described a number of English lessons observed in the two language university courses and analyzed excerpts from students’ oral presentations and from their performance in the EPPLE oral test, in 2012 and 2013. For the first part of data analysis, we used a methodology based on Systemic Functional Linguistics, for describing the schematic structure (EGGINS, 2012) of the grammatical explanation. We observed a structure that is typical in the performance of grammatical explanation in the three kinds of communicative events studied (lessons, oral presentations and oral test), which is marked especially by the description of the linguistic use and by the use of examples. Moreover, secondary elements of the schematic structure are the provision of practice and teachers’ elicitation of students’ participation. Considering the recurrence of grammatical explanation in the data and its structural elements, it is possible to assert its place in foreign language teachers’ specific linguistic domain. We also mapped the lexicon used by teachers in giving grammatical explanation to students, which is believed to bring benefits for task development and scoring. The second phase of this study consists of discussions about test specifications, based on the literature on language testing (for instance, Fulcher & Davidson, 2007; O’Sullivan, 2012); description of EPPLE construct, based on studies and publications in the scope of this examination project (for instance, Consolo et al, 2009, 2010, Consolo & Teixeira da Silva, 2007, 2014, Anchieta, 2015); and finally the design of test specifications for the development of tasks for the EPPLE oral test. The study of the grammatical explanation textual characteristics permitted us to delineate specific traits of this metalinguistic use which could be included in test tasks and in criteria for English oral proficiency assessment. With this research study, we intend to contribute to the description of the language domain of foreign language teachers, to the EPPLE documentation and to the generation of test materials aimed at the EPPLE developers and examiners.
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Books on the topic "Grammatiche inglesi"

1

Pizzoli, Lucilla. Le grammatiche di italiano per inglesi, 1550-1776: Un'analisi linguistica. Firenze: Accademia della Crusca, 2004.

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Pireddu, Silvia. Grammatiche inglesi e grammatografia anglo-italiana nel primo Ottocento: Primi passi verso un censimento organico. Milano: EDUCatt, 2010.

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Giacalone, Vito. Grammatica inglese. Bologna: Zanichelli, 1992.

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Grammatica essenziale inglese. 2nd ed. Novara: Istituto geografico De Agostini, 2004.

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Silorata, Mario Bernabò. Grande grammatica ragionata della lingua inglese. Firenze: Le lettere, 2005.

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Calvi, Libertà Piccoli. Grammatica elementare della lingua inglese: Morfologia : con temi, dialoghi, letture e vocabolario. 8th ed. Milano: Hoepli, 1990.

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Sylvie, Chevalier, ed. Grammatica pratica dell'inglese dalla A alla Z. Milano: Hoepli, 1997.

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Raymond, Murphy. Essential grammar in use =: Grammatica di base della lingua inglese. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

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La prima grammatica d'inglese: Illustrata e completa di pronuncia. Milano: Mondadori, 2006.

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Macmillan English grammar in context advanced. Oxford: Macmillan, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Grammatiche inglesi"

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Ribes, Ramón, and Sergio MejÍa. "Grammatica cardiovascolare." In Inglese per cardiologi, 9–66. Milano: Springer Milan, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1860-0_2.

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Ribes, Ramón, Pedro J. Aranda, and John Giba. "La grammatica chirurgica." In Inglese per chirurghi, 5–69. Milano: Springer Milan, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2415-1_2.

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Ribes, Ramón, and Pablo R. Ros. "Grammatica in uso." In Inglese per medici, 17–71. Milano: Springer Milan, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1359-9_2.

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