Relevant bibliographies by topics / Grammer, comparative

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Grammer, comparative'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 26 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Grammer, comparative"

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Demirdağ, Elza Alışova. "An inquiry concerning assistance sentence item determinative in Azerbaijan Turkish and its synonym in Turkish Language." International Journal of Innovative Research in Education 3, no. 1 (April 22, 2016): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/ijire.v3i1.469.

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Turkish language has been changed throughout history owing to geographical and political conditions. It is necessary to make the requıred studies to minimise these differences. This study aims at contributing towards comparative language studies. In this study, assisting sentence item determinative has been examined in present day Azerbaijan Turkish. At first a short classification has been made between the sentence items of the two languages. Later a definition of assistant sentence item determinative has been made and its characteristics clarified by examples from chosen literary passages. In this study, the synonym of determinative is searched in Turkish language. A comparison has been made between Azerbaijan Turkish and Turkish language using grammer books of both languages and using passeges chosen from literary examples. The similarities and differences of the sentence items of the two languages has showen in the selected example passage. As a result of the research it has been put forward that determinative is learned by group of words and not a sentence item of Turkish language. This research is important because it has brought forward the difference between the two dialects from the point of view of syntax.Keywords: AzerbaijanTurkish, Turkish language, assistance sentence items, determinative
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Ali, Hassan, Muhammad Shumail Naveed, Dilawar Naseem, and Jawaid Shabbir. "LL (1) Parser versus GNF inducted LL (1) Parser on Arithmetic Expressions Grammar: A Comparative Study." Quaid-e-Awam University Research Journal of Engineering, Science & Technology 18, no. 02 (December 31, 2020): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.52584/qrj.1802.14.

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The prime objective of the proposed study is to determine the induction of Greibach Normal Form (GNF) in Arithmetic Expression Grammars to improve the processing speed of conventional LL(1) parser. Conventional arithmetic expression grammar and its equivalent LL(1) is used in the study which is converted. A transformation method is defined which converts the selected grammar into a Greibach normal form that is further converted into a GNF based parser through a method proposed in the study. These two parsers are analyzed by considering 399 cases of arithmetic expressions. During statistical analysis, the results are initially examined with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk test. The statistical significance of the proposed method is evaluated with the Mann-Whitney U test. The study described that GNF based LL(1) parser for arithmetic take fewer steps than conventional LL(1) grammar. The ranks and asymptotic significance depict that the GNF based LL(1) method is significant than the conventional LL(1) approach. The study adds to the knowledge of parsers itself, parser expression grammars (PEG’s), LL(1) grammars, Greibach Normal Form (GNF) induced grammar structure, and the induction of Arithmetic PEG’s LL(1) to GNF based grammar.
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P, Megala, and Jayasree G. "Thokaapiyam and Nambiaga Porul in a Comparative Theoretical Approach." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-18 (December 8, 2022): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1819.

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Ancient Tamil language is rich in grammar. Grammar is obtained from literature as oil is obtained from sesame seeds. There are about fifty grammar books in Tamil. These are the five types of grammars such as letter, word, object, word, and group. The five types of grammars are related to each other, such as the word formed by letters, the pattern used to express the meaning of the word, and the pattern used for the method of speaking. Among these, the things that come to represent the meaning of writing, and the things that come to represent the meaning of words, are the one that excels. This study is to investigate how a content can be found similar, expanded, and separate. Grammar is the protocol developed by the scholars according to the Tamil tradition to regulate the visual language of this case. The text “Nambiyaga Porul” is believed to have been composed by Nambiar in the 12th century BC. It was composed by adapting the grammar of the Tolkapiyam. The text expands the ideas that need to be expanded and summarizes what needs to be said. This book has five parts. Total there are 252 chapters such as 116 in Agam, 54 in Kalavu, 29 in Varaivu, 10 in Karpiyal, and 43 in Olibiyal. The text also explains Thirukkovaiyar's definition about grammar. 'Grammar is the norm for literature and many attempts were done to find the changes taking place in grammar. The first book in these processes was Tanjaivanan’s “Kovai’. Tradition prevails in the society as rules, virtues, restrictions and structures. Thus, Nambi named the book as “Agaporul Vilakkam”. Later, it was given as “Nambiyaga Porul” with his name. The aim of this article is to know the similar, extensive, doubt-dispelling elements that can be found in Tolkappiyam's epistemology and in the epistemology of Nambiyaga Porul.
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van der Auwera, Johan, and Dirk Noël. "Raising: Dutch Between English and German." Journal of Germanic Linguistics 23, no. 1 (February 15, 2011): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1470542710000048.

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As a complement to C. B. van Haeringen's classic comparative study (1956) that positioned the grammar of Dutch in between the grammars of English and German, this study compares the productivity of three kinds of “raising” patterns in these languages: Object-to-Subject, Subject-to-Object, and Subject-to-Subject raising. It establishes the extent to which Dutch, as well as English and German, have evolved from the old West Germanic starting point these languages are assumed to have shared in this area of grammar. The results are a test case for Hawkins' (1986) case syncretism account of the difference in “explicit-ness” between the grammars of English and German.*
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Rich, Patrick Leslie. "What Is n’t Doing There?: French Expletive Negation in Comparative Clauses." LSA Annual Meeting Extended Abstracts 1 (May 2, 2010): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/exabs.v0i0.534.

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This paper explores expletive ne in subordinate comparative clauses in French. I limit the discussion to (reduced) clausal comparatives, since expletive negation does not occur in (direct) phrasal comparatives. I show that expletive ne is favored in all comparative clauses, and argue that this provides direct evidence that it is still a part of synchronic French grammar. I propose that French comparatives should be analyzed as A-not-A constructions, and that expletive ne is a formally negative head that is licensed by a truth-value operator. Expletive ne thus functions concordally to mark the comparative subordinate clause as containing a negation.
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Vlasov, Sergei V., and Leonid V. Moskovkin. "Categories of the name and the verb in Anfangs-Gründe der Russischen Sprache (1731)." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature 18, no. 3 (2021): 528–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2021.307.

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The relevance of this study is due to the importance of Vasiliy Adodurov’s Anfangs-Gründe der Russischen Sprache as the first academic grammar of the Russian language written by a Russian scholar and published in Russia. The aim of the article is to show the innovations of Adodurov’s grammatical views and the relation of his grammar with Western European and Slavic grammatical traditions in the conceptual presentation of the name and the verb. The material of the research is the Russian grammar of Adodurov in comparison with the grammars by H.W.Ludolph, I.W.Paus, the Slavonic grammar by M. Smotritsky, the Latin grammars by I.Rhenius, E.Kopijewitz, I.Lange, “Grammatica Marchica”, and the German grammar by M. Schwanwitz. The descriptive and comparative research methods are used. A particularity of the research approach is the comparison of Anfangs-Gründe not only with the Russian, Slavonic and German grammars, but also with the Latin grammars. The results of the study show the innovations of Adodurov in the interpretation of the gender of names, voices of the Russian verb, and the forms of the future and the past tense. He simplifies the noun and verb description scheme taking into account specific features of the Russian language and methodological considerations. The article also proposes a new version of the collaboration between Adodurov and the anonymous German-speaking author of the comments in the margins of the manuscript Compendium Grammaticae Russicae, explaining Adodurov’s use of these comments in Anfangs-Gründe.
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Medeiros, Carolina Lacerda. "A AQUISIÇÃO DA POSIÇÃO DO VERBO EM INGLÊS E ALEMÃO: UM ESTUDO COMPARATIVO | THE ACQUISITION OF VERBS IN ENGLISH AND GERMAN: A COMPARATIVE STUDY." Estudos Linguísticos e Literários, no. 54 (January 12, 2016): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/ell.v0i54.18104.

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<p><strong>Resumo:</strong> A literatura que discute a sintaxe do verbo nas línguas naturais em geral assume que as línguas V2 são aquelas em que o verbo flexionado ocupa a segunda posição na sentença, sendo a primeira posição ocupada por qualquer outro elemento. O alemão, assim como outras línguas germânicas, é caracterizado como uma língua de tipo V2. O inglês, por outro lado, não apresenta a ordenação de constituintes segundo a qual o verbo obrigatoriamente ocupa a segunda posição na sentença, tendo sido considerado uma língua V2 apenas em seu período arcaico. Este artigo procura fazer um breve estudo comparativo analisando a fala de duas crianças, uma adquirindo o alemão e uma adquirindo o inglês britânico, em diferentes momentos (1;9 até 3;3). Com base na tipologia de Vikner (1995) temos como objetivo verificar até que ponto as duas línguas se assemelham, no âmbito da sintaxe, e em que momento passam a se comportar como línguas distintas no que respeita à posição do verbo uma vez que, linearmente, o inglês apresenta o verbo em segunda posição nas sentenças simples. Como hipótese, temos que um ponto decisivo para a diferenciação das duas gramáticas seria a aquisição de encaixadas. Desse modo, a criança que adquire o alemão começaria a apresentar traços de uma gramática V2 a partir do momento em que adquire sentenças encaixadas, dado que, diferentemente do inglês, esta língua não apresenta verbo em segunda posição nas subordinadas. A criança adquirindo o inglês, por outro lado, mantém a ordem V2 linear nas encaixadas. O <em>corpus </em>utilizado neste trabalho é oriundo da base CHILDES e pode ser acessado <em>online</em>. O quadro teórico se baseia na noção de Gramática de Chomsky (1985), convencionada como Língua-I, que remete à possibilidade de se gerarem estruturas linguísticas e não, por exemplo, a um certo inventário de estruturas. Tais possibilidades são limitadas pela Gramática Universal, parte das faculdades inatas do ser humano, que dispõe de princípios imutáveis e parâmetros que podem ser fixados diferentemente em gramáticas particulares, determinando, assim, os limites de variação entre essas gramáticas (Chomsky &amp; Lasnik 1993). Cada gramática particular, neste sentido, representa uma determinada parametrização dos princípios da Gramática Universal. A gramática do falante, na teoria gerativa, será, portanto, uma entidade individual: uma gramática particular internalizada na mente de cada indivíduo.</p><p><strong>Abstract:</strong> <em>The literature usually assumes that V2 languages are those in which the finite verb is on second position on the sentence, like it is in German. English, on the other hand, does not present the same linearization, so Vikner (1995) classified it as a residual V2-language. This paper aims to provide a comparative study analyzing the speech of two children, one acquiring German and the other acquiring European English, in different moments (1;9-3;3). Based on Vikner's typology, we try to verify how these two languages are syntactically alike and in which moment they begin to behave like different grammars, in what concern verb position, since, linearly, English also presents the verb in second position in matrix sentences. As a hypothesis, we believe that a crucial point in this differentiation would be the acquisition of subordinate sentences. In this sense, the child acquiring German would start presenting V2 grammar traces on the moment s/he acquires subordinate sentences, since, unlike English, this grammar do not present V2 in subordinate structures. The child acquiring English, on the other hand, would maintain the V2 linearization on subordinate sentences. This work is based on the CHILDES corpus, which can be accessed online. The theoretic framework is based on Chomsky's (1985) notion of Grammar as I-Language, that refers to the possibility to generate language structures and not, for example, a certain inventory of structures. Those possibilities are limited by the Universal Grammar, part of human's innate faculties, that is formed by immutable principles and parameters that can be differently fixed by different particular grammars determining the limits of language variation between those grammars. In this sense, each particular grammar represents a different parametrization of the Universal Grammar's principles. Each speaker's grammar, in this sense, will be an individual entity: a particular grammar internalized in the individual's mind</em><em>.</em></p><p>Keywords: <em>Language Acquisition; V2; Comparative Syntax; Generative Grammar.</em></p><p> </p>
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Rutten, Gijsbert. "‘Lowthian’ Linguistics across the North Sea." Historiographia Linguistica 39, no. 1 (March 22, 2012): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.39.1.04rut.

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Summary This paper focuses on Dutch grammar-writing in the 18th century so as to put the linguistic works of Robert Lowth (1710–1787) in an international, comparative perspective. It demonstrates that certain characteristics of the “Lowthian” approach to grammar and of 18th-century English linguistics in general are parallelled by similar developments in the history of Dutch linguistics. The transition from normative grammar to prescriptive grammar which characterises the English late 18th century has a counterpart in the Dutch development from ‘civil’ to national grammar. Lowth’s recognition of different stylistic levels with corresponding levels of grammatical acceptability has a Dutch counterpart as well. The transition towards prescriptivism and the relevance of different stylistic levels are closely connected, which is exemplified by a case study on the treatment of adnominal inflection in 18th-century grammars of Dutch.
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Hohaus, Vera, and M. Ryan Bochnak. "The Grammar of Degree: Gradability Across Languages." Annual Review of Linguistics 6, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 235–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-011718-012009.

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In this review, we discuss the empirical landscape of degree constructions cross-linguistically as well as the major analytical avenues that have been pursued to account for individual languages and cross-linguistic variation. We first focus on comparatives and outline various compositional strategies for different types of comparative sentences as well as points of cross-linguistic variation in the lexicalization of comparative operators and gradable predicates. We then expand the discussion to superlatives, equatives, and other degree constructions. Finally, we turn to constructions beyond the prototypical degree constructions but where degree-based analyses have been pursued; we focus on change-of-state verbs and exclamatives. This is an area that is especially ripe for future cross-linguistic research. We conclude by mentioning connections to other subfields of linguistics, such as language acquisition, historical linguistics, and language processing.
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Berent, Iris. "Unveiling phonological universals: A linguist who asks “why” is (inter alia) an experimental psychologist." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 32, no. 5 (October 2009): 450–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x09990628.

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AbstractEvans & Levinson (E&L) are right to hold theories of language accountable for language diversity, but typological data alone cannot determine the structure of mental phonological grammars. Grammatical universals are nonetheless testable by formal and experimental methods, and the growing research in experimental phonology demonstrates the viability of a comparative experimental evaluation of the Universal Grammar (UG) hypothesis.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Grammer, comparative"

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Daniels, Michael W. "Generalized ID/LP grammar a formalism for parsing linearization-Based HPSG grammars /." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1118867950.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 173 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 160-171). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Cheung, Yam-Leung. "The negative wh-construction." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1779690041&sid=25&Fmt=2&clientId=48051&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Finer, Daniel L. "The formal grammar of switch-reference." New York : Garland, 1985. http://books.google.com/books?id=xkxiAAAAMAAJ.

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Israel, Michael. "The rhetoric of grammar : scalar reasoning and polarity sensitivity /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9913154.

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Acartürk, Cengiz Supervisor :. Zeyrek Deniz. "Gradient characteristics of the unaccusative/unergative distinction in Turkish an experimental investigation /." Ankara : METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605912/index.pdf.

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Chung, So-Woo. "Cataphora in discourse representation theory /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8424.

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Sato, Hiromi. "Selection for clausal complements and tense features /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8432.

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Jo, In-Hee. "A unified semantic analysis of serialization : intensionality of event individuation." Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/862290.

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Even though there has been little agreement as to how the phenomenon of serialization is to be defined, it is generally assumed (i) that there is a close meaning dependency (of some kind) between the event descriptions serialized (serials hereafter), (ii) that the serials cannot be modified independently by such sentential operators as tense, aspect, mood, etc., and (iii) that these aspects of serialization are closely related to the fact that a serial construction refers to a `single event'.However, these assumptions have not been materialized into an explicit analysis of serialization. In particular, it has not been clearly accounted for how the concept of single event is attributed to the meaning dependencies between serials that are apparently so diverse as to defy a unique semantic characterization. Thus, in previous studies, the apparent heterogeneity of meaning dependencies has led to `fragmentation' of serialization into coordinating and subordinating types, and of the subordinating type, in turn, into a variety of lexically governed subtypes.This dissertation argues against such fragmentation and provides a unified semantic analysis of serialization, drawing on the philosophical discussions of event individuation and causation. Under my analysis, the sense of inseparable connection between serials is represented by a counterfactual dependency between them. The counterfactual dependency only entails that the first serial is necessarily related to the second, without specifying the nature of the necessary relatedness. Thus, the variety of meaning dependencies observed in the literature can be accommodated as particular instances of the counterfactual dependency.Moreover, the single event reading of serialization is attributed to the `counterfactual' dependency between serials: in virtue of the dependency, the serials are not identified independently of each other, and hence are construed as constituting a single event unit. A variety of structural constraints on serialization observed in the literature are then analyzed as natural consequences of the conceptual unity of the serialized events as a whole.
Department of English
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Wynne, Terence Stewart. "The present perfect : a corpus-based investigation." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3472.

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On the basis of an investigation of a corpus of 5.5 million words, this thesis analyses the use of the present perfect in modem American and British English. The investigation traces the development of the present perfect from its origins as a structure with adjectival meaning to its modern-day use as an aspectual verb form. A frequency analysis tests the claims of various writers that the present perfect is losing ground against the preterite and is less frequent in American than in British English. Neither claim is supported by the results of this analysis. A temporal specifier analysis investigates the co-occurrence of a large number of adverbials with the various verb forms. It finds that certain groups of specifiers which have hitherto been considered markers for the present perfect are in fact very poor indicators. Specifiers indicating a period of time lasting up to the moment of utterance, however, are found to be very reliable indicators. With one exception no significant difference was found between the British and American corpora in this respect. A functional-semantic analysis examines the various theories of the present perfect against the background of the results of the empirical investigation and finds them to be insufficient in one or more respects. In the final chapter the division between tense and aspect is shown to be artificial and a model of the present perfect is presented which is based on the idea of multilayered aspectual values. The model is centred on the unifying concept of phragmatisation - the closing of the event time-frame. According to this model, discourse topics involving the present perfect are perceived to describe an event which takes place in a time frame which is not closed to the deictic zero point at the moment of utterance. The final section describes which factors are operative in the phragmatisation or closing of event time frames.
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Raney, Kristen A. "Grammar instruction, retention, and underpreparedness understanding the connection /." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2006. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2006/2006raneyk.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Grammer, comparative"

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Ju fa yu yi yan jiu xin tan: Li lun yan jiu yu E Han dui bi = Novoe v issledovanii︠a︡kh po sintaksicheskoĭ semantike : teoreticheskie issledovanii︠a︡ i sopostavlenie russkogo i kitaĭskogo i︠a︡zykov. Shanghai: Shanghai wai yu jiao yu chu ban she, 2011.

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Central Institute of Indian Languages and Centre of Excellence for Classical Tamil, eds. Dravidian comparative grammar. Mysore, India: Centre of Excellence for Classical Tamil, Central Institute of Indian Languages, 2008.

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Subrahmanyam, P. S. Dravidian comparative grammar. Mysore, India: Centre of Excellence for Classical Tamil, Central Institute of Indian Languages, 2008.

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Campbell-Dunn, G. J. K. Sumerian comparative grammar. Christchurch, New Zealand: Penny Farthing Press, 2009.

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Campbell-Dunn, G. J. K. Sumerian comparative grammar. Christchurch, New Zealand: Penny Farthing Press, 2009.

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Araṅkacāmi, Irā. Comparative Dravidian. Coimbatore: Bharathiar University, Dept. of Linguistics, 1995.

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Hendriks, Petra. Comparatives and categorial grammar. Groningen: Grodil, 1995.

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Semiotic grammar. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997.

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Freidin, Robert, ed. Current Issues in Comparative Grammar. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0135-3.

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Robert, Freidin, ed. Current issues in comparative grammar. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Grammer, comparative"

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Howkins, Angela, Christopher Pountain, Teresa de Carlos, and Javier Muñoz-Basols. "Comparatives." In Practising Spanish Grammar, 20–26. Fourth edition. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Practising grammar workbooks: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429441165-4.

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Wightwick, Jane, and Mahmoud Gaafar. "Comparative and superlative." In Mastering Arabic Grammar, 69–74. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-14586-4_12.

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Fehringer, Carol. "Comparatives and superlatives." In German Grammar in Context, 42–47. Third edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Languages in context: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429197475-6.

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Jubb, Margaret, and Annie Rouxeville. "Comparatives and superlatives." In French Grammar in Context, 117–22. Fifth edition. | New York : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Languages in context: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429492419-18.

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Posner, Rebecca. "Romance comparative grammar and linguistic change." In Historical Linguistics 1987, 399. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.66.28pos.

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Wallwork, Adrian. "Comparative and superlative forms." In English for Academic Research: Grammar Exercises, 105–7. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4289-9_15.

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Vaikšnoraitė, Elena. "Lithuanian Phrasal Comparatives Without Covert Syntactic Structures." In Formal Grammar 2018, 121–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-57784-4_7.

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Burzio, Luigi. "The Role of the Antecedent in Anaphoric Relations." In Current Issues in Comparative Grammar, 1–45. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0135-3_1.

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Browning, M. A. "Comments on Relativized Minimality." In Current Issues in Comparative Grammar, 203–25. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0135-3_10.

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Cinque, Guglielmo. "‘Long’ WH-Movements and Referentiality." In Current Issues in Comparative Grammar, 226–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0135-3_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Grammer, comparative"

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Khalilova, H. "Comparison of Morphological Categories of a Noun in Slavic and Turkic Languages Using the Example of Russian and Azerbaijani Languages." In Actual issues of Slavic grammar and lexis. LCC MAKS Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m4121.978-5-317-07174-5/235-243.

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This article examines the morphological categories of the noun of two typologically different languages – Russian and Azerbaijani. Thus, Russian is an inflectional language, while Azerbaijani is agglutinative. A comparative study of the grammatical categories of a noun in these two languages will help identify similarities and divergences in the languages under study, which is valuable when compiling manuals, reading comparative special courses, translation, and language teaching.
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Leshkova, Olga. "CONCERNIG PROBLEM OF „COVERT” CATEGORIES IN MODERN POLISH." In Actual issues of Slavic grammar and lexis. LCC MAKS Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m4111.978-5-317-07174-5/147-155.

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In the light of A.V. Bondarko's concept of functional-semantic complexes and their use in comparative language analysis, the phenomena of the Polish language are considered, which can be interpreted as manifestations of a number of "covert" categories, in particular categories of personality, deprecativity, politeness (honorific forms) and mixed gender.
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Frantseva, А. "RUSSIAN IDIOMS WITH THE TOWER COMPONENT AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF THE CZECH AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES (BASED ON DICTIONARIES)." In Actual issues of Slavic grammar and lexis. LCC MAKS Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m4120.978-5-317-07174-5/227-234.

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Idioms with the башня component are studied in comparison with Czech idioms with the věž component and with English idioms with the tower component. We used data obtained by continuous sampling from the dictionaries of V. M. Mokienko, F. Chermak and others. Conclusions are drawn about the specificity of phraseographic characteristics of phraseological units in three languages. The paper is of interest to researchers whose scientific interests include comparative and historical phraseology.
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Matsuzaki, Takuya, and Jun'ichi Tsujii. "Comparative parser performance analysis across grammar frameworks through automatic tree conversion using synchronous grammars." In the 22nd International Conference. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1599081.1599150.

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Karpenko, L. "SCIENTIFIC APPROACH OF PROF. A.G. SHIROKOVA AND COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF THE GRAMMAR OF SLAVIC LANGUAGES." In Actual issues of Slavic grammar and lexis. LCC MAKS Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m4107.978-5-317-07174-5/109-116.

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The article deals with the contribution to the comparative study of Slavic languages of Prof. A.G. Shirokova. Her approach, based on the study of functional equivalence of languages, makes it possible to investigate similarities and differences in the ways of expressing the same meaningful categories, to reveal the national-linguistic specificity of their functioning. The features of grammatical conceptualization of the category of spatiality in Russian against the background of Bulgarian are shown. The emphasized expression of spatiality in Russian language is manifested in the systematic organization of spatial prepositional and case forms, in the prevalence of everyday sentences with spatial determinants, in the productivity of spatial derivational models, in the redundancy of spatial semantics units in speech.
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Ananyeva, Natalija. "BISPECIFIC VERBS IN POLISH AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGES. TOWARDS THE FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM OF COMPARATIVE DESCRIPTION." In Actual issues of Slavic grammar and lexis. LCC MAKS Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m4096.978-5-317-07174-5/10-16.

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The article discusses certain aspects of the description of bispecific verbs of the Polish language in comparison with a similar category of the Russian language. The comparison carried out according to the following parameters: quality and quantity of bispecific verbs; inconsistency in the qualification of the similar verb forms in the compared languages (for example, two-aspect Russian verbs бежать and молвить and Polish imperfective verbs biec and mówić ); the conditionality of the expression of bispecificity and manifestation in a bispecific verb of particular kind of morphological category that the given verb expresses, and the context; transition of two-aspect verb to the one-aspect when prefixal or suffixal correlates appear (for example, the verb арестовать becomes perfect when the imperfect арестовывать appears; the verb aresztować becomes imperfective when perfect zaaresztować appears). The necessity of involving dialectal material in the comparison of Polish and Russian ambitransitive verbs of native origin is substantiated.
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Li, Jian, and Qingming Li. "Comparative Study between Traditional Grammar and Modern Linguistics." In International Conference on Education, Management, Commerce and Society. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emcs-15.2015.59.

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Скорвид, С. С. "Основы сравнительной грамматики славянских языков в VII томе «Народной энциклопедии научных и прикладных знаний» (1911)." In Межкультурное и межъязыковое взаимодействие в пространстве Славии (к 110-летию со дня рождения С. Б. Бернштейна). Институт славяноведения РАН, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/0459-6.01.

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The thesis deals with popular descriptions of several Slavonic languages published in the 7 th volume of Russian “People’s Encyclopedia of the Scientific and Applied Knowledge” 110 years ago. The author states that those descriptions supplemented by seven commented texts may be regarded as some prototype of the later, however unfinished, manual of Slavonic linguistics by A. M. Selishchev and finally of the fundamental, although quite differently built Outline of the Comparative Grammar of the Slavonic Languages by Samuil B. Bernstein. Their relative simplicity enables using them, including the texts which only sometimes require some revision, in teaching of the Comparative Slavonic Linguistics also nowadays.
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STOBBE, NINA, and TECUMSEH W. FITCH. "VISUAL ARTIFICIAL GRAMMAR LEARNING: COMPARATIVE RESEARCH ON HUMANS AND BIRDS." In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference (EVOLANG9). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814401500_0044.

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10

Algburi, Basim Yahya Jasim. "Exploring Iraqi EFL Learners' Command of basic Grammatical Structures at the Tertiary level." In 3rd International Conference on Language and Education. Cihan University-Erbil, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/iclangedu2023/paper.960.

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Language learning has been equated with learning it's grammar. The view was that mere words without grammar of some kind do not constitute a language. This view has been challenged by the communication-based approaches which relegated grammar to a secondary status. The new English course for Iraq which was the prescribed course for teaching English as a foreign language from 1972 to 2004 which was structurally- based has been deserted and since then there has been a shift to communication based courses in which grammar is assumed to be a by-product which develops automatically while emphasis is placed on communication. The present study aims at testing this assumption to see whether students have mastered the basic grammatical notions and structures after 12 years of studying English using communication-based syllabuses. The research questions addressed were: to what extent have Iraqi students mastered the grammatical notions and structures? Which notions and structures had not been adequately mastered? The results indicate that the basic grammatical structures and notions have not been adequately mastered after a long period of studying English at the tertiary level and the students still find difficulty in most grammatical structures, including comparative constructions, concord, passivization, and perfective aspects. The reasons were identified and suggestions for overcoming the difficulties in these areas were made.
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