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Journal articles on the topic 'Grand Challenge Problems'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Young, Terence K. "Grand-challenge problems in geophysics." Leading Edge 20, no. 11 (2001): 1210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle20111210.1.

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Winter, Susan J., and Brian S. Butler. "Creating Bigger Problems: Grand Challenges as Boundary Objects and the Legitimacy of the Information Systems Field." Journal of Information Technology 26, no. 2 (2011): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jit.2011.6.

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The impact of a discipline's research is constrained by its ability to articulate compelling problems. Well-crafted problems are the foundation for mobilizing the effort, resources, and attention essential to scientific progress and broader impact. We argue that Information Systems (IS) scholars, individually and collectively, must develop the practice of articulating and engaging large-scale, broad scope problems – or grand challenges. To support this position, we examine the role and value of grand challenge efforts in science and engineering based on a theory of grand challenges as socially

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Hayter, Christopher S., and Albert N. Link. "Governance mechanisms enabling inter-organizational adaptation: Lessons from grand challenge R&D programs." Science and Public Policy 47, no. 2 (2020): 271–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scaa003.

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Abstract From climate change to terrorism, the world is confronting complex, trans-national problems. As a contemporary response, governments and non-profit organizations have established grand challenge programs, consisting of multi-sector research and development partnerships, to access innovative new ideas and rapidly scale solutions. Following recent scholarly contributions, this article investigates how problems motivating program establishment were identified, how these problems and related contextual factors evolve over time, and how grand challenge programs evolve in response. It does

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Jarzabkowski, Paula, Rebecca Bednarek, Konstantinos Chalkias, and Eugenia Cacciatori. "Exploring inter-organizational paradoxes: Methodological lessons from a study of a grand challenge." Strategic Organization 17, no. 1 (2018): 120–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476127018805345.

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In this article, we outline a methodological framework for studying the inter-organizational aspects of paradoxes and specify this in relation to grand challenges. Grand challenges are large-scale, complex, enduring problems that affect large populations, have a strong social component and appear intractable. Our methodological insights draw from our study of the insurance protection gap, a grand challenge that arises when economic losses from large-scale disaster significantly exceed the insured loss, leading to economic and social hardship for the affected communities. We provide insights in

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Bedau, Mark A., John S. McCaskill, Norman H. Packard, et al. "Open Problems in Artificial Life." Artificial Life 6, no. 4 (2000): 363–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/106454600300103683.

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This article lists fourteen open problems in artificial life, each of which is a grand challenge requiring a major advance on a fundamental issue for its solution. Each problem is briefly explained, and, where deemed helpful, some promising paths to its solution are indicated.

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Begun, Audrey L., John D. Clapp, and The Alcohol Misuse Grand Challenge Collective. "Reducing and preventing alcohol misuse and its consequences: A Grand Challenge for social work." International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research 5, no. 2 (2016): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i2.223.

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Begun, A., Clapp, J., & The Alcohol Misuse Grand Challenge Collective (2016). Reducing and preventing alcohol misuse and its consequences: A Grand Challenge for social work. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5(2), 73-83. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i2.223In both the United States and throughout the world, alcohol misuse is associated with high rates of morbidity, mortality, and cooccurring physical and mental health problems. It causes an array of acute and chronic problems and contributes to extensive costs in every sector of society (e.g., health, mental h

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Nowell, Lorelli, Swati Dhingra, Kimberley Andrews, Julia Gospodinov, Cathy Liu, and K. Alix Hayden. "Grand Challenges as Educational Innovations in Higher Education: A Scoping Review of the Literature." Education Research International 2020 (November 8, 2020): 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6653575.

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Grand challenges are complex problems that are common to much of society, affect large populations, and may have several possible solutions. Incorporation of grand challenges into higher education courses can facilitate the development of collaborative problem-solving skills while providing relevant and practical opportunities to experience the dynamics involved in real-world work. Although grand challenges are becoming more commonly used in higher education, to date, there has been no synthesis of how grand challenges are incorporated and the learning outcomes of engaging in grand challenge w

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Uğur, Sinem Burcu, Hale Alan, Neslihan Onur, and Hüsne Demirel. "Associations between Grand Challenges and Multinational Enterprises: A Bibliometric and Thematic Analysis." Sustainability 16, no. 15 (2024): 6472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16156472.

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Grand challenges are defined as wicked problems that affect a significant number of people on a global scale. To overcome these challenges and ensure the continued existence of humanity, a greater focus has been placed on addressing the underlying issues. This has led to an increase in research and literature on grand challenges affecting both international business and multinational enterprises. The aim of this study is to assess the status of grand challenge literature in all areas connected to multinational enterprises and grand challenges, which are global issues with significant implicati

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Mirsky, Reuth. "Bad AI, Good AI: Rethinking the Agency of Our Artificial Teammates." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 39, no. 27 (2025): 28723. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i27.35117.

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A prevalent assumption in human-robot and human-AI teaming is that artificial teammates should be compliant and obedient. In this talk, I will question this assumption by presenting the Guide Robot Grand Challenge and discussing the components required to design and build a service robot that can intelligently disobey. This challenge encompasses a variety of research problems, as I will exemplify via three challenges: reasoning about the goals of other agents, choosing when to interrupt, and interacting in a tightly coupled physical environment.

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Lyubushin, N. P., N. E. Babicheva, O. M. Kupryushina, and D. I. Khanin. "Setting up a methodology for evaluating, analyzing and predicting the sustainable development of economic agents amid Grand Challenges." Digest Finance 25, no. 4 (2020): 366–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/df.25.4.366.

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Subject. Mentioned in the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation, Grand Challenges entail difficulties, threats and opportunities for the national development. The complicated nature, scale of problems and threats cannot be addressed, eliminated or resolved by multiplying resources consumed. This aspect should be taken into consideration in evaluating, analyzing and predicting the sustainable development of economic agents operating amid grand challenges. Objectives. We outline a methodology for a set of methods used to evaluate, analyze and predict the

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Kislitsyn, S. "Contemporary Problems of a “Grand Strategy” in the US Foreign Policy." Analysis and Forecasting. IMEMO Journal, no. 4 (2020): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/afij-2020-4-27-39.

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The research examines the main problems of a grand strategy in the US foreign policy. Attention is paid to the conceptual understanding of this term, its historical development, and the current state. The article analyzes the positions of American foreign policy elites and the expert community regarding the problem of the US self-positioning in the outside world. The article consists of three parts. The first analyses the main conceptual provisions of the “grand strategy” as a term. It describes its development from a military term, reflecting the general tactics in interstate confrontation to

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Edwards, M. "Controlling corrosion in drinking water distribution systems: a grand challenge for the 21st century." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 2 (2004): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0073.

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It is argued that the water distribution system will be a key public health battlefield of the 21st century. Corrosion in private plumbing is deserving of special attention, since the health and economic impacts are probably of equal or greater magnitude compared to public systems, and there has not been an advocate working on behalf of the consumer to solve these problems. To better serve society in this endeavour we will need educational programs, aggressive research to minimize the unsustainable costs of corrosion, and to consider our legacy to future generations when making decisions on ma

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Cross, JaNeen. "Imprisoning Pregnant and Parenting Women: A Focus on Social Justice, Equal Rights, and Equality." Health & Social Work 45, no. 3 (2020): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hsw/hlaa008.

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Abstract The mass incarceration of pregnant and parenting women is a serious problem in the United States. African American women and other women of color are most burdened by mass incarceration. This article outlines the problems with health care delivery in correctional facilities. It is argued that correctional facilities are not the place for pregnant and parenting women. A policy focus is needed that takes a public health approach. There are promising alternative policies that integrate a public health approach, improve treatment outcomes for women, and provide an alternative to incarcera

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Drikakis, Dimitris, Dochan Kwak, and Cetin C. Kiris. "Computational aerodynamics: Advances and challenges." Aeronautical Journal 120, no. 1223 (2016): 13–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2015.2.

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ABSTRACTComputational aerodynamics, which complement more expensive empirical approaches, are critical for developing aerospace vehicles. During the past three decades, computational aerodynamics capability has improved remarkably, following advances in computer hardware and algorithm development. However, most of the fundamental computational capability realised in recent applications is derived from earlier advances, where specific gaps in solution procedures have been addressed only incrementally. The present article presents our view of the state of the art in computational aerodynamics an

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Binder, Kurt. "The glass transition: How do complex craggy free energy landscapes emerge?" Europhysics News 53, no. 1 (2022): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epn/2022104.

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Glass as a material was already known in ancient Egypt. Now its use for windows, bottles, etc. is very common; thus, it may sound surprising that the glassy state of matter and the transition from an undercooled melt to this state are grand challenge problems of physics. This article describes the basic concepts; then it points out how the discovery of “spin glasses” and the theory by Giorgio Parisi has given a new boost to the interest in these problems. The status of a theory of the glass transition will be critically discussed.

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Christ, Katherine Leanne, and Roger Leonard Burritt. "Implementation of sustainable development goals: The role for business academics." Australian Journal of Management 44, no. 4 (2019): 571–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0312896219870575.

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Achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030 is a Grand Challenge, especially for business academics who have a responsibility to work with businesses regarding their management and contributions. Two main challenges are examined in the article: the need for academics to work together towards holistic solutions to SDG problems, and the need for stronger engagement to reduce the distance between academics and practitioners/ practice. It then develops a framework that considers the knowledge-generation and application roles business academics face in addressing

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Dyson, Sue, and Danica Pollard. "Application of the Ridden Horse Pain Ethogram to Horses Competing at the Hickstead-Rotterdam Grand Prix Challenge and the British Dressage Grand Prix National Championship 2020 and Comparison with World Cup Grand Prix Competitions." Animals 11, no. 6 (2021): 1820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061820.

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The Ridden Horse Pain Ethogram (RHpE) comprising 24 behaviours was developed to facilitate the identification of musculoskeletal discomfort, with scores of ≥8/24 indicating the presence of pain. The median RHpE score for 147 competitors at World Cup Grand Prix events from 2018 to 2020 was three (interquartile range [IQR] 1–4; range 0–7). The aim of the current study was to apply the RHpE to 38 competitors at the Hickstead-Rotterdam Grand Prix Challenge and 26 competitors at the British Dressage Grand Prix National Championship in 2020. The median RHpE scores were four (IQR 3–6; range 0–8) and

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Nethi, Murali K., and James H. Aylor. "ADVANCES IN MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF LARGE PARALLEL/DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS." Parallel Processing Letters 15, no. 04 (2005): 397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129626405002313.

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Many systems being designed today are extremely large and are being used to solve huge computational problems. The new system architectures being proposed are huge distributed and parallel systems with thousands of processors distributed widely over space and executing large applications. These new systems are used to solve the Grand Challenge problems. Significant emphasis has been placed on the evaluation of the performance of these systems. This paper surveys recent performance evaluation tools that have been developed to evaluate the performance of such parallel and distributed systems. A

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Leroy, Frédéric. "535 Rethinking Grand Challenges within Sustainable Animal Production." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (2021): 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.132.

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Abstract Dietary policies are rapidly evolving, as the urgencies related to public health and sustainability of the food system are becoming more tangible and menacing. Increasingly, such policies bring up the need for a protein transition. This implies that society should consume less “animal protein,” while the protein gap should be filled with legumes and nuts, a series of so-called “plant-based alternatives” (i.e., imitations of animal source foods), bioreactor foods (e.g., lab-grown meat), and other sources of protein (e.g., algae and insects). The risk of such an approach, when taken too

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Weiss, Eugenia L., Juan Carlos Araque, Annalisa Enrile, Renee Smith-Maddox, Danielle Cohen, and Catherine Davis. "Societal Perceptions and Developmental Assets of Latina Youth From Low-Income Schools." Advances in Social Work 24, no. 1 (2024): 187–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/26720.

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Ensuring healthy development for youth is one of the Grand Challenges of the social work profession. This Grand Challenge seeks to reduce behavioral health problems in youth through prevention efforts. This paper presents a mixed-methods study of sixty Latina adolescents from low-income schools to better understand their perceptions of what it is like to be a girl in U.S. society and explore their strengths through their developmental assets. Understanding their assets rather than deficits would allow social workers as program developers, practitioners, and researchers as well as educators, to

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Taylor, Charles, and David Jefferson. "Artificial Life as a Tool for Biological Inquiry." Artificial Life 1, no. 1_2 (1993): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artl.1993.1.1_2.1.

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Artificial life embraces those human-made systems that possess some of the key properties of natural life. We are specifically interested in artificial systems that serve as models of living systems for the investigation of open questions in biology. First we review some of the artificial life models that have been constructed with biological problems in mind, and classify them by medium (hardware, software, or “wetware”) and by level of organization (molecular, cellular, organismal, or population). We then describe several “grand challenge” open problems in biology that seem especially good c

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Ali, S., Y. Hegazi, H. Shanawany, and A. Othman. "BIM Roles in Enhancing Building Performance in Construction Projects Through Communication Management Case Study: The Grand Egyptian Museum." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1283, no. 1 (2024): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1283/1/012008.

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Abstract In Egypt’s construction industry, achieving successful project performance is still a challenge, particularly in construction projects involving multiple stakeholders, where the requirements increase and different management approaches between the multi-stakeholders during project phases affect the communication process. However, the reliance on traditional methods of transmitting information and communicating between all parties results in many problems. Therefore, many software and technologies are developed to improve communication management and address the challenges of complying

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He, Yiming, Jia Zou, Xiaokai Zhang, Na Zhu, and Tuo Leng. "FGeo-TP: A Language Model-Enhanced Solver for Euclidean Geometry Problems." Symmetry 16, no. 4 (2024): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym16040421.

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The application of contemporary artificial intelligence techniques to address geometric problems and automated deductive proofs has always been a grand challenge to the interdisciplinary field of mathematics and artificial intelligence. This is the fourth article in a series of our works, in our previous work, we established a geometric formalized system known as FormalGeo. Moreover, we annotated approximately 7000 geometric problems, forming the FormalGeo7k dataset. Despite the fact that FGPS (Formal Geometry Problem Solver) can achieve interpretable algebraic equation solving and human-like

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Stahl-Hennig, Christiane, Seraphin Kuate, Monika Franz, et al. "Atraumatic Oral Spray Immunization with Replication-Deficient Viral Vector Vaccines." Journal of Virology 81, no. 23 (2007): 13180–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01400-07.

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ABSTRACT The development of needle-free vaccines is one of the recently defined “grand challenges in global health” (H. Varmus, R. Klausner, R. Klausner, R. Zerhouni, T. Acharya, A. S. Daar, and P. A. Singer, Science 302:398-399, 2003). To explore whether a natural pathway to the inductive site of the mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue could be exploited for atraumatic immunization purposes, replication-deficient viral vector vaccines were sprayed directly onto the tonsils of rhesus macaques. Tonsillar immunization with viral vector vaccines encoding simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) antigen

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Doctor, HAOUTHAOU Mirhane. "Physico-chemical and microbiological study of some waters of Comoros." European Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology 10, no. 4 (2023): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10635354.

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<strong>ABSTRACT </strong> The problem of water is a vital issue for Small Island Developing States such as the Comoros where social protection remains largely underdeveloped and covers less than 20% of the population. The sanitation emergency only increases this generalized water shortage. Meeting the targets set by the international community in the area of water and sanitation is an essential step (Sustainable Development Goals SDGs 1, 3 and 6) towards the goal of providing all populations with safe drinking water and adequate sanitation services. In this study, we showed the different case

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Overhaus, Marco. "Security-Development Nexus: Perspectives for the EUs Next Financial Framework." European Foreign Affairs Review 18, Special Issue (2013): 511–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eerr2013038.

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Recent developments in the Sahel region, the Horn of Africa and Sudan/South Sudan have once more demonstrated the ongoing challenge of reconciling security and development policy objectives. More specifically, international aid in conflict states or regions has to meet three general criteria in order to be effective: flexibility, rapidity and reconciliation of short-term security with long-term development priorities. This article assesses the particular problems the European Union faces in bridging the security-development divide and how it has adapted its toolbox - based on the three criteri

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Andjelic, Zoran. "Simple sensitivity calculation for inverse design problems in electrical engineering." COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 33, no. 3 (2014): 768–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-10-2012-0229.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a simple approach for calculation of the sensitivities in the free-form inverse design problems. The approach is based on the analogy with the similar tasks used in the signal-processing analysis. In the proposed case it is not required to solve an adjoint problem as in the most of the similar optimization tasks. The simulation engine used in the background is a Fast Boundary Element Method. The approach is validated on some known benchmark problems. Design/methodology/approach – Inverse design is recognized nowadays as a crucial scientific gra

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Zaeri, Naser, and Sami Habib. "Optimization of Non-Uniform Sensing Coverage for Wireless Sensor Networks." Advanced Materials Research 230-232 (May 2011): 605–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.230-232.605.

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The success of wireless sensor networks (WSN) depends on two factors: 1) how well the service area is monitored by the WSN's capability to sense the intended phenomenon, and 2) the way that the WSN communicates the sensed phenomenon for further analysis by the service center with acceptable time duration. The simultaneous optimization for both the sensing and communication problems is a grand challenge, especially when the service area is harsh and it can't be accessed easily by human. In this paper, we have proposed a non-uniform constructive scheme to sense and communicate the service area t

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Tharewal, Sumegh, Timothy Malche, Pradeep Kumar Tiwari, et al. "Score-Level Fusion of 3D Face and 3D Ear for Multimodal Biometric Human Recognition." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (April 14, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3019194.

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A novel multimodal biometric system is proposed using three-dimensional (3D) face and ear for human recognition. The proposed model overcomes the drawbacks of unimodal biometric systems and solves the 2D biometric problems such as occlusion and illumination. In the proposed model, initially, the principal component analysis (PCA) is utilized for 3D face recognition. Thereafter, the iterative closest point (ICP) is utilized for 3D ear recognition. Finally, the 3D face is fused with a 3D ear using score-level fusion. The simulations are performed on the Face Recognition Grand Challenge database

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Hutton, Patrick. "Reinhart Koselleck and Hayden White as Metahistorians: The Critique of Modern Historical Writing toward the End of the Modern Age." Newsletter on the Results of Scholarly Work in Sociology, Criminology, Philosophy and Political Science 2, no. 3 (2021): 68–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.61439/tpjn6568.

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My purpose in this essay is to consider how the classic philosophy of history was reinvented as metahistory toward the end of the twentieth century. The German historian Reinhart Koselleck and the American historian Hayden White were its most prominent practitioners. Both scholars responded to the challenge of rethinking problems in historiography in light of the breakdown of the grand narrative of modern history, born of the European Enlightenment. Both rejected the teleological designs of the philosophy of history, yet are of particular interest for their inquiry into alternative conceptions

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Liu, Alan, Abigail Droge, Scott Kleinman, Lindsay Thomas, Dan C. Baciu, and Jeremy Douglass. "What Everyone Says: Public Perceptions of the Humanities in the Media." Daedalus 151, no. 3 (2022): 19–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_01926.

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Abstract Using computational means to understand patterns in how the humanities are mentioned in U.S. journalism, the WhatEvery1Says project brings into focus challenging problems in the perception of the humanities. This essay reports on the project's findings and some of the further questions that emerged from them. For example, how does the “humanities crisis” appear among the many crises of our time? Why do the humanities figure so often in connection with concrete, ordinary life yet also seem abstract in value? How can more of the substance of humanistic research be communicated as oppose

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Petrossian, Gohar A., and Frank S. Pezzella. "IUU Fishing and Seafood Fraud: Using Crime Script Analysis to Inform Intervention." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 679, no. 1 (2018): 121–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716218784533.

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Illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing is a serious global environmental crime. It can lead to the collapse of important fisheries and the destruction of marine habitats, and it also directly threatens the food security and economies of developing countries, affecting millions of people who depend on fisheries for survival. IUU fishing also undermines the sustainability of seafood stocks of many developed countries and directly impacts these countries’ legal commercial fishing industries. Several regulatory mechanisms have been put in place at international, regional, and country l

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Kim, Myoungsoo, Wonik Choi, Youngjun Jeon, and Ling Liu. "A Hybrid Neural Network Model for Power Demand Forecasting." Energies 12, no. 5 (2019): 931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12050931.

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The problem of power demand forecasting for the effective planning and operation of smart grid, renewable energy and electricity market bidding systems is an open challenge. Numerous research efforts have been proposed for improving prediction performance in practical environments through statistical and artificial neural network approaches. Despite these efforts, power demand forecasting problems remain to be a grand challenge since existing methods are not sufficiently practical to be widely deployed due to their limited accuracy. To address this problem, we propose a hybrid power demand for

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Romme, A. Georges L., Christopher Ansell, John Buck, et al. "United People: Designing A New Model of Global Governance." Journal of Asian Scientific Research 8, no. 4 (2018): 152–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.2.2018.84.152.170.

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Human-driven changes on this planet have been giving rise to global warming, social instability, civil wars, and acts of terrorism. The existing system of global governance is not equipped to effectively address these enormous challenges. It is slow where one must move quickly, favors bureaucracy and politics over authentic deliberations and effective interventions, and caters to power-brokers and mega-corporations. The world therefore needs a model of global governance that serves to make and implement collectively binding decisions that acknowledge the interests of all those affected, includ

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Jorhie Beadle, Laurie Thorp, Seven Mattes, Ellie Vondette, and Dale Rozeboom. "Pedagogical Pigs: Experiential Learning for Boundary Crossing." Journal of Agricultural Education 65, no. 2 (2024): 112–28. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.v65i2.2389.

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Preparing college students with the skills to engage in multidisciplinary problem solving, especially as it relates to the wicked problems of agriculture, has been called for by scholars for nearly two decades (UNFAO, 2006; Boyer, 1998; NRC 1998). Our nation’s Land Grants, with the mission to provide practical education, and particularly campus-based farms, play an important role in addressing this challenge (Parr, 2007, Evans, 2023). Toward this end, we conducted a project at Michigan State University’s Student Organic Farm in response to a call from MSU’s Hub for Innovation in Teaching and L

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Larasati, Marselina Yolanda Intan. "THE STUDENTS’ OBSTACLE ON SYNCHRONOUS LMS– ONLINE ENGLISH LEARNING DURING PANDEMIC." ETERNAL (English Teaching Journal) 13, no. 1 (2022): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26877/eternal.v13i1.10857.

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In this pandemic, learning materials in 21st-century education are the main obstacles to improving students' quality. The government program followed up that schools were encouraged to hold online classes. The new situation poses several online learning challenges that do not always provide excitement for students when they have to adjust to the pace of learning. Online learning facilitates interaction between teachers and students to conduct language learning in real-time and interactively through online digital platforms such as video, voice calls, and communication via WhatsApp to deliver t

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Sabra, John P., José G. Cabañas, John Bedolla, et al. "Medical Support at a Large-scale Motorsports Mass-gathering Event: The Inaugural Formula One United States Grand Prix in Austin, Texas." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 29, no. 4 (2014): 392–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x14000636.

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AbstractIntroductionFormula One returned to the United States on November 16-18, 2012, with the inaugural United States Grand Prix in Austin, Texas. Medical preparedness for motorsports events represents a unique challenge due to the potential for a high number of spectators seeking medical attention, and the possibility for a mass-casualty situation. Adequate preparation requires close collaboration across public safety agencies and hospital networks to minimize impact on Emergency Medical Services (EMS) resources.Hypothesis/ProblemTo report the details of preparation for an inaugural mass-ga

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Ho, Tin-Lun, and Qi Zhou. "Squeezing out the entropy of fermions in optical lattices." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106, no. 17 (2009): 6916–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0809862105.

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At present, there is considerable interest in using atomic fermions in optical lattices to emulate the mathematical models that have been used to study strongly correlated electronic systems. Some of these models, such as the 2-dimensional fermion Hubbard model, are notoriously difficult to solve, and their key properties remain controversial despite decades of studies. It is hoped that the emulation experiments will shed light on some of these long-standing problems. A successful emulation, however, requires reaching temperatures as low as 10−12 K and beyond, with entropy per particle far low

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Song, Yu, Xu Qiao, Yutaro Iwamoto, and Yen-wei Chen. "Automatic Cephalometric Landmark Detection on X-ray Images Using a Deep-Learning Method." Applied Sciences 10, no. 7 (2020): 2547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10072547.

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Accurate automatic quantitative cephalometry are essential for orthodontics. However, manual labeling of cephalometric landmarks is tedious and subjective, which also must be performed by professional doctors. In recent years, deep learning has gained attention for its success in computer vision field. It has achieved large progress in resolving problems like image classification or image segmentation. In this paper, we propose a two-step method which can automatically detect cephalometric landmarks on skeletal X-ray images. First, we roughly extract a region of interest (ROI) patch for each l

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Khalid, Awais, Pervaiz Ahmad, Abdulhameed Khan, et al. "Effect of Cu Doping on ZnO Nanoparticles as a Photocatalyst for the Removal of Organic Wastewater." Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications 2022 (June 30, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9459886.

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Environmental problems with chemical and biological water pollution have become a major concern for society. Providing people with safe and affordable water is a grand challenge of the 21st century. The study investigates the photocatalytic degradation capabilities of hydrothermally prepared pure and Cu-doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) for the elimination of dye pollutants. A simple, cost-effective hydrothermal process is employed to synthesize the Cu-doped ZnO NPs. The photocatalytic dye degradation activity of the synthesized Cu-doped ZnO NPs is tested by using methylene blue (MB) dye. In addit

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Brachman, Ronald, David Gunning, and Murray Burke. "Integrated AI Systems." AI Magazine 41, no. 2 (2020): 66–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v41i2.5300.

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From Shakey the Robot to self-driving cars, from the personal computer to personal assistants on our phones, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has led the development of integrated artificial intelligence (AI) systems for more than half a century. From the earliest days of AI, it was apparent that a robust, generally intelligent system should include a complete set of capabilities: perception, memory, reasoning, learning, planning, and action; and when DARPA initiated AI research in the 1960s, ambitious projects such as Shakey the Robot went after the complete package. As D

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Shyy and, W., M. Francois, HS Udaykumar, N. N’dri and, and R. Tran-Son-Tay. "Moving boundaries in micro-scale biofluid dynamics." Applied Mechanics Reviews 54, no. 5 (2001): 405–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1403025.

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Many critical issues in biofluid dynamics occur at the boundaries between fluids, solids, or both. These issues can be very complex since in many cases the boundaries are deformable and moving. Furthermore, different characteristic times, lengths, and material properties are often present which make any computational task taxing. The present review focuses on computational modeling techniques for moving boundaries and multi-component systems with emphasis on micro-scale biofluid physics, including i) the dynamics of leukocyte (white blood cell) deformation, recovery, and adhesion; and ii) the

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Virgo, Nathaniel, Chrisantha Fernando, Bill Bigge, and Phil Husbands. "Evolvable Physical Self-Replicators." Artificial Life 18, no. 2 (2012): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00056.

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Building an evolvable physical self-replicating machine is a grand challenge. The main problem is that the device must be capable of hereditary variation, that is, replicating in many configurations—configurations into which it enters unpredictably by mutation. Template replication is the solution found by nature. A scalable device must also be capable of miniaturization, and so have few or no moving and electronic parts. Here a significant step toward this goal is presented in the form of a physical template replicator made from small plastic pieces containing embedded magnets that float on a

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Yang, Zhengrui, Jinman Yang, Kefen Yang, et al. "Synergistic Effect in Plasmonic CuAu Alloys as Co-Catalyst on SnIn4S8 for Boosted Solar-Driven CO2 Reduction." Catalysts 12, no. 12 (2022): 1588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12121588.

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The photoreduction of CO2 to chemical fuels represents a promising technology to mitigate the current energy dilemma and global warming problems. Unfortunately, the original photocatalysts suffer from many side reactions and a poor CO2 conversion efficiency. The rational combination of active co-catalyst with pristine photocatalysts for promoting the adsorption and activation of CO2 is of vital importance to tackle this grand challenge. Herein, we rationally designed a SnIn4S8 nanosheet photocatalyst simultaneously equipped with CuAu alloys. The experimental results proved that the CuAu alloy

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Valentini, Gabriele, Heiko Hamann, and Marco Dorigo. "Global-to-Local Design for Self-Organized Task Allocation in Swarms." Intelligent Computing 2022 (August 3, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2022/9761694.

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Programming robot swarms is hard because system requirements are formulated at the swarm level (i.e., globally) while control rules need to be coded at the individual robot level (i.e., locally). Connecting global to local levels or vice versa through mathematical modeling to predict the system behavior is generally assumed to be the grand challenge of swarm robotics. We propose to approach this problem by programming directly at the swarm level. Key to this solution is the use of heterogeneous swarms that combine appropriate subsets of agents whose hard-coded agent behaviors have known global

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Zhang, Sheng, and Guang Lin. "Robust data-driven discovery of governing physical laws with error bars." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 474, no. 2217 (2018): 20180305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2018.0305.

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Discovering governing physical laws from noisy data is a grand challenge in many science and engineering research areas. We present a new approach to data-driven discovery of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and partial differential equations (PDEs), in explicit or implicit form. We demonstrate our approach on a wide range of problems, including shallow water equations and Navier–Stokes equations. The key idea is to select candidate terms for the underlying equations using dimensional analysis, and to approximate the weights of the terms with error bars using our threshold sparse Bayesia

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Shrotriya, Shishir, Sanjay Dhir, and Sushil. "Innovation driven ecosystem for quality skill development in India." Benchmarking: An International Journal 25, no. 8 (2018): 2997–3020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-11-2017-0320.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate and analyze the challenges of quality skill development in complex and large economies like India and develop innovative processes of improving employability. Design/methodology/approach The problem areas and gaps have been identified through literature survey and published reports by governmental agencies on employability and quality skill development in India. The research focuses on prevalent challenges for large-scale skill development and utilizes TRIZ (Russian acronym for “Theory of Inventive Problem Solving”) for finding innovative sol

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Ghelichkhan, Sia, Angus Gibson, D. Rhodri Davies, Stephan C. Kramer, and David A. Ham. "Automatic adjoint-based inversion schemes for geodynamics: reconstructing the evolution of Earth's mantle in space and time." Geoscientific Model Development 17, no. 13 (2024): 5057–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5057-2024.

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Abstract. Reconstructing the thermo-chemical evolution of Earth's mantle and its diverse surface manifestations is a widely recognised grand challenge for the geosciences. It requires the creation of a digital twin: a digital representation of Earth's mantle across space and time that is compatible with available observational constraints on the mantle's structure, dynamics and evolution. This has led geodynamicists to explore adjoint-based approaches that reformulate mantle convection modelling as an inverse problem, in which unknown model parameters can be optimised to fit available observat

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Negrete-Yankelevich, Simoneta, Israel Portillo, Guadalupe Amescua-Villela, and Alejandra Núñez-de la Mora. "Proyecto DeMano." Regions and Cohesion 8, no. 2 (2018): 107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2018.080206.

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*Full forum is in Spanish.English Abstract: Interview with the coordinators of the DeMano project, who work with multidisciplinary perspectives of food insecurity in milpa-producing families in Ocotepec, Mexico. We talk about their achievements and the challenges for programs oriented to developing skills for both raising children and women’s empowerment; sustainable production in milpas and orchards; and human ecology and maternal and child health. The great challenge of Ocotepec’s great challenge, like other rural communities in Mexico is to overcome productive, social and economic instabili

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Qi, Di, and Andrew J. Majda. "Using machine learning to predict extreme events in complex systems." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 1 (2019): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1917285117.

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Extreme events and the related anomalous statistics are ubiquitously observed in many natural systems, and the development of efficient methods to understand and accurately predict such representative features remains a grand challenge. Here, we investigate the skill of deep learning strategies in the prediction of extreme events in complex turbulent dynamical systems. Deep neural networks have been successfully applied to many imaging processing problems involving big data, and have recently shown potential for the study of dynamical systems. We propose to use a densely connected mixed-scale

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