Journal articles: 'Grand Renaissance Dam'

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Bulgamaa, Urangoo. "Unsolved Trinity: The case of Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam." Köz-gazdaság 14, no. 4 (2019): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14267/retp2019.04.22.

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Wheeler, Kevin G., Mohammed Basheer, Zelalem T. Mekonnen, Sami O. Eltoum, Azeb Mersha, Gamal M. Abdo, Edith A. Zagona, Jim W. Hall, and Simon J. Dadson. "Cooperative filling approaches for the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam." Water International 41, no. 4 (May 11, 2016): 611–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2016.1177698.

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Mohamed, Abdelrahman. "GRAND ETHIOPIAN RENAISSANCE DAM (GERD) AND EGYPT WATER SECURITY." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL, HUMANITIES AND ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES 6, no. 22 (January 1, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31589/joshas.230.

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Gebreluel, Goitom. "Ethiopia's Grand Renaissance Dam: Ending Africa's Oldest Geopolitical Rivalry?" Washington Quarterly 37, no. 2 (April 3, 2014): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0163660x.2014.926207.

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Zhang, Ying, Paul Block, Michael Hammond, and Andrew King. "Ethiopia’s Grand Renaissance Dam: Implications for Downstream Riparian Countries." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 141, no. 9 (September 2015): 05015002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000520.

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Tawfik, Rawia. "Reconsidering counter-hegemonic dam projects: the case of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam." Water Policy 18, no. 5 (March 10, 2016): 1033–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2016.162.

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The paper questions the argument of the hydro-hegemony framework that counter-hegemonic mechanisms used by non-hegemons in transboundary rivers lead to a more equitable order of water and benefit-sharing, using the case of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). It agrees with hydro-hegemony scholars that the GERD is a ‘game changer’ that challenges Egypt's hegemonic position, and an important step in the transition towards a new order in the Nile Basin. However, it scrutinises how Ethiopia and Egypt manage this transition through their policies to implement or contest the dam, and the conditions under which the GERD could lead to a more equitable order in the basin, and create incentives for cooperation beyond the project. It argues that Ethiopia's planning and implementation of the project, and Egypt's inconsistent response to it, have increased uncertainties about the benefits of the project to downstream countries, and even to Ethiopia, and fuelled the historical mistrust between the two countries. It suggests steps to build trust and translate the recent Declaration of Principles between the three Eastern Nile riparians into a benefit-sharing deal.

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Taye, Meron Teferi, Tsegaye Tadesse, Gabriel B. Senay, and Paul Block. "The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam: Source of Cooperation or Contention?" Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 142, no. 11 (November 2016): 02516001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000708.

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El-Nashar, Walaa Y., and Ahmed H. Elyamany. "Managing risks of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on Egypt." Ain Shams Engineering Journal 9, no. 4 (December 2018): 2383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2017.06.004.

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Eldardiry, Hisham, and Faisal Hossain. "Evaluating the hydropower potential of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam." Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 13, no. 2 (March 2021): 024501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0028037.

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Yimere, Abay, and Engdawork Assefa. "Beyond the implications of Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam filling policies." AIMS Geosciences 7, no. 3 (2021): 313–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/geosci.2021019.

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<abstract> <p>The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) in Ethiopia and High Aswan Dam (HAD) in Egypt both operate on the Nile River, independent of a governing international treaty or agreement. As a result, the construction of the GERD, the Earth's eighth largest dam, ignited a furious debate among Ethiopia, Sudan, and Egypt on its filling policies and long-term operation. Ethiopia and Egypt's stance on the Nile River's water resources, combined with a nationalistic policy debate on the GERD's filling policies and long-term operation, has severely affected progress toward reaching agreeable terms before the first round of GERD filling was completed. These three countries continue to debate on the terms of agreement for the second round of GERD filling, scheduled to start by July 2021. We examined the GERD filling strategy for five- and six-year terms using time series data for the periods 1979–1987 and 1987–1992 to combine analyses for dry and wet seasons and investigate the potential impacts of filling the GERD above the downstream HAD using four HAD starting water levels. A model calibrated using MIKE Hydro results shows that during both five- and six-year terms of future GERD filling, Egypt would not need to invoke the HAD's minimum operating level. We pursued a narrative approach that appeals to both a technical and non-technical readership, and our results show the urgent need for cooperation at both policy and technical levels to mitigate and adapt to future climate change through the development of climate-proof agreements. Moreover, the results call for the riparian countries to move away from the current nationalistic policy debate approach and pursue a more cooperative, economically beneficial, and climate adaptive approach.</p> </abstract>

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Genet Chekol, Yayew. "Nile Hydro politics: Riparian States‟ position on Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Project." Journal of Somali Studies 7, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2056-5682/2020/7n2a3.

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The aim of the paper was at investigating the hydro political position of Nile riparian states particularly Sudan, and Egypt on Ethiopian Grand Renaissance Dam project. On the national level, the study points out that Ethiopia needs to consolidate its traditional and modern water rules, customs and laws to codify them to provide a regulatory foundation for the nation‟s water utilization and development. The development of Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) is causing political escalation of tension between Ethiopia, Egypt and Sudan based on Nile water agreement signed during Colonial period between Britain and Egypt, Egypt and Sudan. The study finds that the existing status quo in the eastern Nile basin still hangs in a delicate balance, unless a legal and institutional setup is established by all riparian states. A regional institutional setup to regulate a longer-term cooperation is a sine qua non for sustainable development.

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Whittington, Dale, John Waterbury, and Marc Jeuland. "The Grand Renaissance Dam and prospects for cooperation on the Eastern Nile." Water Policy 16, no. 4 (March 8, 2014): 595–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2014.011b.

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The escalation of tensions between Ethiopia and Egypt over the construction of the Grand Renaissance is at least partly based on a misunderstanding of the nature of the risks this dam poses to Egypt. There is a two-part, win–win deal that can defuse tensions between Egypt and Ethiopia. First, Ethiopia needs to agree with Egypt and Sudan on rules for filling the Grand Renaissance Dam (GRD) reservoir and on operating rules during periods of drought. Second, Egypt needs to acknowledge that Ethiopia has a right to develop its water resources infrastructure for the benefit of its people based on the principle of equitable use, and agree not to block the power trade agreements that Ethiopia needs with Sudan to make the GRD financially viable. Sudan has a big stake in Egyptian–Ethiopian reconciliation over the use of the Nile. Although Sudan's agricultural and hydropower interests now align with those of Ethiopia, there does not seem to be a formal agreement between Ethiopia and Sudan for the sale of hydropower from the GRD. Because the economic feasibility of the GRD and other Ethiopian hydropower projects will depend on such agreements, Sudan has leverage with both Ethiopia and Egypt to encourage this win–win deal.

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King, Andrew, and Paul Block. "An assessment of reservoir filling policies for the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam." Journal of Water and Climate Change 5, no. 2 (January 3, 2014): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2014.043.

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Africa's largest hydropower facility is currently under construction on the main stem of the Blue Nile River in Ethiopia. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) is poised to facilitate regional development with a 63 billion cubic meter reservoir and 6,000 MW of power generating capacity. To date, however, no reservoir filling rate policy has been established. This policy will have clear implications on the GERD's ability to generate hydropower in the near-term and coincidentally impact people and livelihoods in Sudan and Egypt through reduced streamflow availability. Implications of climate variability and emerging climate change within Ethiopia cast further uncertainty on potential filling policies and system operations. To address this challenge, numerous filling policies are evaluated through a climate-sensitivity approach to estimate impacts on reservoir filling time, hydropower production, and downstream flows. This provides viable and timely points of comparison for regional water managers and politicians negotiating system operations in the midst of ongoing project construction.

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Aljefri, Yasir M., Liping Fang, Keith W. Hipel, and Kaveh Madani. "Strategic Analyses of the Hydropolitical Conflicts Surrounding the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam." Group Decision and Negotiation 28, no. 2 (January 29, 2019): 305–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10726-019-09612-x.

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Basheer, Mohammed. "Cooperative operation of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam reduces Nile riverine floods." River Research and Applications 37, no. 6 (May 7, 2021): 805–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.3799.

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Chen, Yu, Mohamed Ahmed, Natthachet Tangdamrongsub, and Dorina Murgulet. "Reservoir-Induced Land Deformation: Case Study from the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam." Remote Sensing 13, no. 5 (February 26, 2021): 874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13050874.

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The Nile River stretches from south to north throughout the Nile River Basin (NRB) in Northeast Africa. Ethiopia, where the Blue Nile originates, has begun the construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), which will be used to generate electricity. However, the impact of the GERD on land deformation caused by significant water relocation has not been rigorously considered in the scientific research. In this study, we develop a novel approach for predicting large-scale land deformation induced by the construction of the GERD reservoir. We also investigate the limitations of using the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow On (GRACE-FO) mission to detect GERD-induced land deformation. We simulated three land deformation scenarios related to filling the expected reservoir volume, 70 km3, using 5-, 10-, and 15-year filling scenarios. The results indicated: (i) trends in downward vertical displacement estimated at −17.79 ± 0.02, −8.90 ± 0.09, and −5.94 ± 0.05 mm/year, for the 5-, 10-, and 15-year filling scenarios, respectively; (ii) the western (eastern) parts of the GERD reservoir are estimated to move toward the reservoir’s center by +0.98 ± 0.01 (−0.98 ± 0.01), +0.48 ± 0.00 (−0.48 ± 0.00), and +0.33 ± 0.00 (−0.33 ± 0.00) mm/year, under the 5-, 10- and 15-year filling strategies, respectively; (iii) the northern part of the GERD reservoir is moving southward by +1.28 ± 0.02, +0.64 ± 0.01, and +0.43 ± 0.00 mm/year, while the southern part is moving northward by −3.75 ± 0.04, −1.87 ± 0.02, and −1.25 ± 0.01 mm/year, during the three examined scenarios, respectively; and (iv) the GRACE-FO mission can only detect 15% of the large-scale land deformation produced by the GERD reservoir. Methods and results demonstrated in this study provide insights into possible impacts of reservoir impoundment on land surface deformation, which can be adopted into the GERD project or similar future dam construction plans.

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Verhoeven, Harry. "The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam: Africa's Water Tower, Environmental Justice & Infrastructural Power." Daedalus 150, no. 4 (2021): 159–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_01878.

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Abstract Global environmental imaginaries such as “the climate crisis” and “water wars” dominate the discussion on African states and their predicament in the face of global warming and unmet demands for sustainable livelihoods. I argue that the intersecting challenges of water, energy, and food insecurity are providing impetus for the articulation of ambitious state-building projects, in the Nile Basin as elsewhere, that rework regional political geographies and expand “infrastructural power”–the ways in which the state can penetrate society, control its territory, and implement consequential policies. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam should be understood as intending to alter how the state operates, domestically and internationally; how it is seen by its citizens; and how they relate to each other and to their regional neighbors. To legitimize such material and ideational transformations and reposition itself in international politics, the Ethiopian party-state has embedded the dam in a discourse of “environmental justice”: a rectification of historical and geographical ills to which Ethiopia and its impoverished masses were subjected. However, critics have adopted their own environmental justice narratives to denounce the failure of Ethiopia's developmental model and its benefiting of specific ethnolinguistic constituencies at the expense of the broader population.

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Mobasher, Amir. "IMPACT OF THE GRAND ETHIOPIAN RENAISSANCE DAM ON THE NILE LEVELS IN EGYPT." Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector 14, no. 50 (January 1, 2019): 202–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/auej.2019.28508.

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Mekonnen, Dereje Zeleke. "Declaration of Principles on the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam: Some Issues of Concern." Mizan Law Review 11, no. 2 (March 23, 2018): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mlr.v11i2.1.

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Abdelhaleem, Fahmy, and Esam Helal. "Impacts of Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on Different Water Usages in Upper Egypt." British Journal of Applied Science & Technology 8, no. 5 (January 10, 2015): 461–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjast/2015/17252.

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Tawfik, Rawia. "The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam: a benefit-sharing project in the Eastern Nile?" Water International 41, no. 4 (April 13, 2016): 574–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2016.1170397.

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Abdulrahman, Salam Abdulqadir. "The River Nile and Ethiopia’s Grand Renaissance Dam: challenges to Egypt’s security approach." International Journal of Environmental Studies 76, no. 1 (September 3, 2018): 136–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2018.1509564.

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Hanna Rubinkowska-Anioł. "Ethiopian Renaissance or How to Turn Dysfunctional into Functional." Politeja 15, no. 56 (June 18, 2019): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.15.2018.56.07.

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African Renaissance is a term which is used to describe new era in African history and strongly serves propaganda reasons. The aim of the article is to analyse the role of this notion in terms of Ethiopia, i.e. how the term is being employed in Ethiopian politics and propaganda. It is stressed that even though the term itself is a new introduction, the idea of building a strong state on the basis of grand tradition has been used in Ethiopian history on several occasions. Nowadays, the best examples of references to Renaissance by the state’s propaganda are to be found in symbolical meaning of the widely discussed and controversial project of construction the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on Blue Nile. Other aspects of how the term is being employed can be seen in a propaganda film material produced by the Foreign Ministry of Ethiopia in 2015 with the view to advertise the achievements of the government.

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Mulat, Asegdew G., and Semu A. Moges. "Assessment of the Impact of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on the Performance of the High Aswan Dam." Journal of Water Resource and Protection 06, no. 06 (2014): 583–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2014.66057.

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Lee, Ye ji, Seung ho Lee, and Il pyo Hong. "Ethiopia’s Path to Water Security: the case study of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam." Korea Association of International Development and Cooperation 10, no. 3 (October 30, 2018): 499–541. http://dx.doi.org/10.32580/idcr.2018.10.3.499.

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Moussa, Osama, and Ahmed Elsharkawy. "Effect of Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) on the Life Span of Aswan Reservoir." International Conference on Civil and Architecture Engineering 11, no. 11 (April 1, 2016): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/iccae.2016.43752.

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Hussein, Hussam. "The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam and the Nile Basin: implications for transboundary water cooperation." Water International 44, no. 1 (December 11, 2018): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2018.1552474.

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Mohamed, Mohamed Mostafa, and Samy Ismail Elmahdy. "Remote sensing of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam: a hazard and environmental impacts assessment." Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk 8, no. 2 (May 12, 2017): 1225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2017.1309463.

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Badea, Cătălin. "Water Conflicts: The Case of the Nile River and the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Studia Europaea 65, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 179–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbeuropaea.2020.2.09.

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"The most crucial element of every life form on our planet, water has always been a source of potential animosity between clans, tribes and even states. With the advent of modern technology we have devoted less and less of our attention to this all-needed resource, but pollution, large-scale industrialization and agriculture, the population boom of the last centuries and crucially the climate calamity that it threatens to unleash, forces us to reconsider the key role played by water in the delicate and fragile ecosystem of our planet. This article takes a look at how water is, and will increasingly be, a source of contention and even conflicts between states, as climate changes and increasingly larger populations will be forced to fight over more and more depleted resources. With a focus on the case of the Nile river and the potential conflict over its water resources between Egypt and Ethiopia, this article examines how the mainstream state of water conflict thinking fails to explain the case of the Nile River Basis and the newly built Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) and why the alternative ideas that are based on the notions of cooperation and justice might ultimately provide a better way of understanding the complex problem of the delicate management and use of water resources. Keywords: Water conflicts, Egypt, Ethiopia, GERD, The Nile"

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Treszkai, Ákos. "The River Nile Conflict in the Aspects of Critical Infrastructure Protection." Honvédségi Szemle 148, no. 1 (September 7, 2020): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35926/hdr.2020.1.3.

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The aim of this paper is to present the River Nile conflict from the aspects of critical infrastructure protection. It is often stated that the next world war will be fought over water, and there are few regions as tense as the Nile Valley. Egypt and Ethiopia have a severe disagreement, Sudan is in the middle of it, and a big geopolitical shift is being played along the world’s longest river. The Grand Renaissance Dam has been un-der construction on the Blue Nile River in Ethiopia. This dam will be the greatest hydro-electric power plant in Africa. This critical infrastructure has both political and military importance.

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Ahmed Mordos, Mansour, El Sadig Abdellah Sharfi, Bouran Awadh Mohammed, and Kevin Wheeler. "Hydrological Impacts of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) on River Nile Hydrology Within Sudan." Hydrology 8, no. 3 (2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20200803.12.

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Elsayed, Hamdy, Slobodan Djordjević, Dragan A. Savić, Ioannis Tsoukalas, and Christos Makropoulos. "The Nile Water-Food-Energy Nexus under Uncertainty: Impacts of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 146, no. 11 (November 2020): 04020085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0001285.

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Gebresenbet, Fana, and Dawit Yohannes Wondemagegnehu. "New Dimensions in the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Negotiations: Ontological Security in Egypt and Ethiopia." African Security 14, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 80–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2021.1905921.

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ASSEFA, ANDEBET HAILU, and BELAYNEH TAYE GEDIFEW. "SYMBOLIC VALUES AND IMPLICATIONS OF THE GRAND ETHIOPIAN RENAISSANCE DAM PROJECT IN ETHIOPIAN IDENTITY POLITICS." Skhid, no. 1(2) (July 1, 2021): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21847/1728-9343.2021.1(2).229192.

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This paper attempts to show how the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) ’s economic and political gains could help develop a shared outlook to regulate Ethiopia’s opposing political trajectories, i.e., the ethnocentric and pan-Ethiopian nationalist camps. Presently, different ethnic-based “in-group and out-group” contrasting political discourses have dominated Ethiopian polity. The paper reviews and exposes relevant philosophical concepts, including “mirror identity,” primordial and instrumental conception of ethnicity. Notably, following Anderson’s (2006) line of thought, nationalism as a “cultural artefact” and expression of an “imagined community,” the paper argues that GERD could serve as a shared symbolic and developmental language to reshape Ethiopian national consciousness and imagination by improving the political and economic domains of the country. Accordingly, the GERD covertly or overtly helps reform the polity’s self-recognition mechanisms and circuitously re-approaches outstanding political differences by inspiring trust-based relations among major political actors. Ethnocentric motivations raise political questions such as secession, the right to linguistic and cultural recognition, economic equality, and political security and representation by using their respective ethnic lines as means of political mobilization. In current Ethiopia, political identities have been practically blended with ethnic identity. In this sense, as diverse ethnic groups exist, political borders sustain among the multiple ethnic-based nationalists and between pan-Ethiopian and ethnocentric actors. Thus, a comprehensive dialogue and constructive political cross-fertilization are required between various political actors, horizontally and vertically, among ethnocentric nationalists and the pan-Ethiopian advocates. In Ethiopia, the realization of internal political consensus requires an instantaneous remedial mechanism. Accordingly, the politically drawn antithetical ethnic demarcations and occasionally fabricated historical narratives have undeniably pushed politics into unfavourable conditions. That is why, as the paper maintains that developmental projects such as the GERD would have pertinent economic and political mechanisms to developing a national sentiment, which in turn symbolically facilitate national consensus among the major political actors. Hence, borrowing Fukuyama’s (2018) notion of “creedal national identity”, one could resonate that developmental projects can help realize symbolic worth by constructively enabling citizens to recognize their countries’ foundational ideals and elevating common factors. The present paper does not examine the GERD project’s external geopolitical and legal concerns concerning scope, although these topics are worth examining for further investigations.

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Kansara, Prakrut, Wenzhao Li, Hesham El-Askary, Venkataraman Lakshmi, Thomas Piechota, Daniele Struppa, and Mohamed Abdelaty Sayed. "An Assessment of the Filling Process of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam and Its Impact on the Downstream Countries." Remote Sensing 13, no. 4 (February 15, 2021): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13040711.

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The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), formerly known as the Millennium Dam, has been filling at a fast rate. This project has created issues for the Nile Basin countries of Egypt, Sudan, and Ethiopia. The filling of GERD has an impact on the Nile Basin hydrology and specifically the water storages (lakes/reservoirs) and flow downstream. In this study, through the analysis of multi-source satellite imagery, we study the filling of the GERD reservoir. The time-series generated using Sentinel-1 SAR imagery displays the number of classified water pixels in the dam from early June 2017 to September 2020, indicating a contrasting trend in August and September 2020 for the upstream/downstream water bodies: upstream of the dam rises steeply, while downstream decreases. Our time-series analysis also shows the average monthly precipitation (derived using IMERG) in the Blue Nile Basin in Ethiopia has received an abnormally high amount of rainfall as well as a high amount of runoff (analyzed using GLDAS output). Simultaneously, the study also demonstrates the drying trend downstream at Lake Nasser in Southern Egypt before December 2020. From our results, we estimate that the volume of water at GERD has already increased by 3.584 billion cubic meters, which accounts for about 5.3% of its planned capacity (67.37 billion cubic meters) from 9 July–30 November 2020. Finally, we observed an increasing trend in GRACE anomalies for GERD, whereas, for the Lake Nasser, we observed a decreasing trend. In addition, our study discusses potential interactions between GERD and the rainfall and resulting flood in Sudan. Our study suggests that attention should be drawn to the connection between the GERD filling and potential drought in the downstream countries during the upcoming dry spells in the Blue Nile River Basin. This study provides an open-source technique using Google Earth Engine (GEE) to monitor the changes in water level during the filling of the GERD reservoir. GEE proves to be a powerful as well as an efficient way of analyzing computationally intensive SAR images.

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Nigatu, Getachew, and Ariel Dinar. "Economic and hydrological impacts of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on the Eastern Nile River Basin." Environment and Development Economics 21, no. 4 (November 9, 2015): 532–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x15000352.

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AbstractWe propose an ‘allocate-and-trade’ institution to manage the eastern Nile River Basin for Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt as the basin faces a new reality of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). We find that a social planner could increase the region's economic welfare by assigning water rights to the riparian states. An alternative intrabasin water rights arrangement and trade could achieve more than 95 per cent of the welfare created by the social planner. GERD will change both the economic benefits and hydrological positions of the riparian countries. Economic benefits from alternative water use would be sufficient to make riparian countries better off compared with the status quo. Furthermore, riparian countries could raise more than US$680 m annually for protecting and conserving the natural resources of the region.

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Salman, Salman M. A. "The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam: the road to the declaration of principles and the Khartoum document." Water International 41, no. 4 (April 8, 2016): 512–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2016.1170374.

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Sterl, Sebastian, Dalia Fadly, Stefan Liersch, Hagen Koch, and Wim Thiery. "Linking solar and wind power in eastern Africa with operation of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam." Nature Energy 6, no. 4 (April 2021): 407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41560-021-00799-5.

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Siddig, Khalid, Mohammed Basheer, and Jonas Luckmann. "Economy-wide assessment of potential long-term impacts of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on Sudan." Water International 46, no. 3 (March 9, 2021): 325–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2021.1885126.

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Morsy, Karim M., Gaber Abdelatif, and Mohamed K. Mostafa. "Comprehensive Assessment for the Potential Environmental Impacts of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on the Downstream Countries: Itaipu Dam in the Rearview Mirror." Air, Soil and Water Research 14 (January 2021): 117862212110419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786221211041964.

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This article provides a comparative environmental assessment for the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) learning from Itaipu dam experience. The article gives a full insight about the potential political and technical concerns that may affect the downstream countries as a result of the construction of GERD and proposed a solution and way forward for the negotiation based on joint collaboration perspective. Based on the analytical comparison conducted between GERD and Itaipu, the results showed that the total annual carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions expected to be released from the GERD during the operation is 3,927 tCO2eq, while other secondary emissions were estimated to be 16.17 tons, mainly of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. Also, the ratio of power generation to reservoir capacity of the GERD was questionable, since Ethiopia has announced that the dam is built only for power generation and that there is no intention to utilize water from the dam reservoir. On the other side, the water quality - represented in turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), dissolved oxygen (DO), total phosphorus (TP), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) - behind the GERD is expected to deteriorate dramatically. Also, an increase in total nitrogen (TN) is expected to occur depending on human activities. Accordingly, the article discussed thoughtfully the potential adverse impacts of the GERD on downstream countries and the possible mitigation options. The article also extended to discuss proposals for practical solutions that pave the road for joint collaboration between the three countries to achieve a transparent resolution and a fair resources utilization.

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Madson, Austin, and Yongwei Sheng. "Reservoir Induced Deformation Analysis for Several Filling and Operational Scenarios at the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Impoundment." Remote Sensing 12, no. 11 (June 10, 2020): 1886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12111886.

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Addressing seasonal water uncertainties and increased power generation demand has sparked a global rise in large-scale hydropower projects. To this end, the Blue Nile impoundment behind the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) will encompass an areal extent of ~1763.3 km2 and hold ~67.37 Gt (km3) of water with maximum seasonal load changes of ~27.93 (41% of total)—~36.46 Gt (54% of total) during projected operational scenarios. Five different digital surface models (DSMs) are compared to spatially overlapping spaceborne altimeter products and hydrologic loads for the GERD are derived from the DSM with the least absolute elevation difference. The elastic responses to several filling and operational strategies for the GERD are modeled using a spherically symmetric, non-rotating, elastic, and isotropic (SNREI) Earth model. The maximum vertical and horizontal flexural responses from the full GERD impoundment are estimated to be 11.99 and 1.99 cm, regardless of the full impoundment period length. The vertical and horizontal displacements from the highest amplitude seasonal reservoir operational scenarios are 38–55% and 34–48% of the full deformation, respectively. The timing and rate of reservoir inflow and outflow affects the hydrologic load density on the Earth’s surface, and, as such, affects not only the total elastic response but also the distance that the deformation extends from the reservoir’s body. The magnitudes of the hydrologic-induced deformation are directly related to the size and timing of reservoir fluxes, and an increased knowledge of the extent and magnitude of this deformation provides meaningful information to stakeholders to better understand the effects from many different impoundment and operational strategies.

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42

Kahsay, Tewodros Negash, Onno Kuik, Roy Brouwer, and Pieter van der Zaag. "Estimation of the transboundary economic impacts of the Grand Ethiopia Renaissance Dam: A computable general equilibrium analysis." Water Resources and Economics 10 (April 2015): 14–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wre.2015.02.003.

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Abdelhady, Dalia, Karin Aggestam, Dan-Erik Andersson, Olof Beckman, Ronny Berndtsson, Karin Broberg Palmgren, Kaveh Madani, Umut Ozkirimli, Kenneth M. Persson, and Petter Pilesjö. "The Nile and the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam: Is There a Meeting Point between Nationalism and Hydrosolidarity?" Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education 155, no. 1 (July 2015): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-704x.2015.03197.x.

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44

Abd-Elhamid, H., I. Abdelaty, and M. Sherif. "Evaluation of potential impact of Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on Seawater Intrusion in the Nile Delta Aquifer." International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 16, no. 5 (June 21, 2018): 2321–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13762-018-1851-3.

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45

YIMER, Nigusu Adem, and Turgut SUBASI. "ETHIOPIA: TRUMP’S SECURITIZATION ‘SPEECH ACT’ ON THE GRAND ETHIOPIAN RENAISSANCE DAM (GERD). A RISK ON THE ETHIOPIA-EGYPT WATER DIPLOMACY." Conflict Studies Quarterly 36 (July 5, 2021): 66–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/csq.36.5.

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The involvement of the United States in the negotiation process of the GERD was taken as a good step forward to end the belligerent water diplomacy between Egypt and Ethiopia. However, America’s peace proposal which is named ‘the Trump deal’ ends up further complicating the two countries water diplomacy. Trump’s securitization ‘speech act’ calling Egypt to ‘blow up’ Ethiopia’s dam further escalated the risk of water war between the two states. Eventually, the Trump lead negotiation eroded the perception that the United States would generate a good proposal to halt the belligerency of the Ethio-Egypt relations. This article is intended to chart a new insight on the following questions: given the unpleasant water diplomacy between Egypt and Ethiopia how ‘the Trump deal’ and securitization ‘speech act’ further complicated the matter? Why President Trump worked in securitizing the construction of the GERD on the Blue Nile? And how does the nature of securitization and counter-securitization activities worked in the water diplomacy between Egypt and Ethiopia? In the process of analysis the Copenhagen School (CS) concept of securitization is employed. Keywords: Egypt, Ethiopia, Nile, Dam, Trump, Securitization.

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46

Yihdego, Zeray. "The Fairness ‘Dilemma’ in Sharing the Nile Waters: What Lessons from the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam for International Law?" Brill Research Perspectives in International Water Law 2, no. 2 (May 25, 2017): 1–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23529369-12340006.

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This monograph enquires into the fairness dilemma in connection with the construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (gerd) in light of relevant colonial-era Nile treaties, post-1990 Nile framework instruments, and international watercourses law. Thegerdis now afait accompli, but fairness considerations will continue to be vital issues in its completion, filling, and operation. The monograph argues that thegerdis a symbol of a fair share of the Nile waters by Ethiopia, the realization of which depends on,inter alia, an appropriate economic return, benefit sharing and prevention of significant impacts. The monograph also calls for a process to address the issue of unfair agreements, and argues that, although fairness application can be complex, the notions of procedural fairness and distributive justice can be applied to define and delineate the principle with reference to a specific treaty regime.

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47

Ermyas Admasu Wolde and Abiot Desta Habte. "Trilateral Talks on the Filling and Annual Operation of the GERD: Competing Demands and the Need for Revisiting the Status quo towards a Negotiated Settlement." PanAfrican Journal of Governance and Development (PJGD) 1, no. 2 (August 30, 2020): 4–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.46404/panjogov.v1i2.2341.

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The Nile River Basin, with ten riparian countries, lacks any agreed-upon basin-wide legal framework. Attempts at effective management and utilization of water resources inclusive of all countries along the basin have not been possible due to lack of consensus on the legal basis of already exiting colonial-era agreements that allocate an absolute share of the Nile water to Egypt and Sudan by excluding most of the upper riparians. The review has specifically focused on the trilateral negotiation processes between Ethiopia, Sudan, and Egypt since November 2019 on the filling and annual operation of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, which Ethiopia has been constructing since 2011. It has made a thorough review of a series of events and processes through which the negotiation has passed to conduct a critical analysis of facts, and has suggested reflections on the way forward. It considers the need for political will and flexibility of the negotiating parties to reconcile existing contradictory positions. To this end, pursuing a revisionist approach to take the dynamic socio-economic realities and development needs of co-basin countries is commendable. This further requires renegotiating long existed colonial-era agreements and formulating a basin-wide legal framework in line with existing international standards. Focusing on technical and expertise level of discussions and outcomes would minimize over politicization and specifically would help to address the negative impacts of Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam and optimize positive externalities. Peace is a necessity than any other option among the co-basin countries and the only avenue towards sustainable resolution of disputes. Negotiating in good faith and in a ‘give and take’ modality needs to be a second to none alternative to the parties. The international community may also need to play a neutral and genuine role to assist the parties to settle their differences amicably and reach a final negotiated settlement.

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48

Ermyas Admasu Wolde and Abiot Desta Habte. "Trilateral Talks on the Filling and Annual Operation of the GERD: Competing Demands and the Need for Revisiting the Status quo towards a Negotiated Settlement." PanAfrican Journal of Governance and Development (PJGD) 1, no. 2 (August 30, 2020): 4–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.46404/panjogov.v1i2.2381.

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The Nile River Basin, with eleven riparian countries, lacks any agreed-upon basin-wide legal framework. Attempts at effective management and utilization of water resources inclusive of all countries along the basin have not been possible due to lack of consensus on the legal basis of already exiting colonial-era agreements that allocate an absolute share of the Nile water to Egypt and Sudan by excluding most of the upper riparians. The review has specifically focused on the trilateral negotiation processes between Ethiopia, Sudan, and Egypt since November 2019 on the filling and annual operation of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, which Ethiopia has been constructing since 2011. It has made a thorough review of a series of events and processes through which the negotiation has passed to conduct a critical analysis of facts, and has suggested reflections on the way forward. It considers the need for political will and flexibility of the negotiating parties to reconcile existing contradictory positions. To this end, pursuing a revisionist approach to take the dynamic socio-economic realities and development needs of co-basin countries is commendable. This further requires renegotiating long existed colonial-era agreements and formulating a basin-wide legal framework in line with existing international standards. Focusing on technical and expertise level of discussions and outcomes would minimize over politicization and specifically would help to address the negative impacts of Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam and optimize positive externalities. Peace is a necessity than any other option among the co-basin countries and the only avenue towards sustainable resolution of disputes. Negotiating in good faith and in a ‘give and take’ modality needs to be a second to none alternative to the parties. The international community may also need to play a neutral and genuine role to assist the parties to settle their differences amicably and reach a final negotiated settlement.

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49

Jeffers, Robert, Michael Bernard, Howard Passell, and Emily Silver. "Behavior Influence Assessment of Impacts of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on Unrest and Popular Support Within Egypt." Procedia Manufacturing 3 (2015): 4014–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.965.

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50

Keith, Bruce, David N. Ford, and Radley Horton. "Considerations in managing the fill rate of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Reservoir using a system dynamics approach." Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology 14, no. 1 (November 30, 2016): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1548512916680780.

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The purpose of this study is to evaluate simulated fill rate scenarios for the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam while taking into account plausible climate change outcomes for the Nile River Basin. The region lacks a comprehensive equitable water resource management strategy, which creates regional security concerns and future possible conflicts. We employ climate estimates from 33 general circulation models within a system dynamics model as a step in moving toward a feasible regional water resource management strategy. We find that annual reservoir fill rates of 8–15% are capable of building hydroelectric capacity in Ethiopia while concurrently ensuring a minimum level of stream flow disruption into Egypt before 2039. Insofar as climate change estimates suggest a modest average increase in stream flow into the Aswan, climate changes through 2039 are unlikely to affect the fill rate policies. However, larger fill rates will have a more detrimental effect on stream flow into the Aswan, particularly beyond a policy of 15%. While this study demonstrates that a technical solution for reservoir fill rates is feasible, the corresponding policy challenge is political. Implementation of water resource management strategies in the Nile River Basin specifically and Africa generally will necessitate a national and regional willingness to cooperate.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Grand Renaissance Dam'

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