Relevant bibliographies by topics / Grande Comore

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Grande Comore'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Grande Comore"

1

Stevens, Jan, Michel Louette, Luc Bijnens, and Marc Herremans. "Conserving the endemic birds on the Comoro Islands, III: bird diversity and habitat selection on Ngazidja." Bird Conservation International 5, no. 4 (December 1995): 463–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270900001180.

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SummaryBird species diversity is investigated in different habitat types on Ngazidja (Grand Comoro), Comoro Islands. Total bird diversity does not differ significantly among different forest types, but the proportion of endemic species, endemic subspecies and non-endemic species does. Both intact mature forests and pioneer forests on the slopes of Mount Karthala are important for the preservation of bird endemism. The forests on La Grille are poor in endemic species, but their bird species diversity is high thanks to non-endemics. Planting of Eucalyptus is useless for endemic birds. Humblotia flavirostris, Turdus bewsheri and Nesillas brevicaudata avoid logged forests, but Alectroenas sganzini is numerous in them. Foudia eminentissima is common in forests with bananas planted in the undergrowth.La diversité en espèces d'oiseaux est étudiée dans différents habitats à Ngazidja (Grande Comore), lies Comores. La diversité totale ne varie pas d'une manière significative parmi les différents types de forêt, mais la fraction due aux especès endémiques, aux sous-espèces endémiques et aux espèces non-endémiques varie. Aussi bien les forêts intactes et matures et les forêts jeunes sur lave sont importantes pour la préservation d'oiseaux endémiques sur les flancs du Mont Karthala. Les forêts à La Grille sont pauvres en oiseaux endémiques, mais leur diversité est grande, grace aux espèces non-endémiques. Les plantations d'Eucalyptus n'ont pas de valeur pour les oiseaux endémiques. Humblotia flavirostris, Turdus bewsheri et Nesillas brevicaudata évitent les forêts exploitées pour le bois, mais Alectroenas sganzini y est nombreux. Foudia eminentissima est commun dans les forêts plantées de bananiers sous les arbres.
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Kreiter, Serge, Rose-My Payet, Jacques Fillâtre, and Hamza Abdou Azali. "First records of Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from one island of the Comoros archipelago." Acarologia 58, no. 3 (June 1, 2018): 529–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20184256.

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The Comoros Archipelago is constituted of four islands. These islands are located in the North Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean, one of the world’s hotspots of biodiversity. Despite this status of hotspot, only one species of Phytoseiidae was known from this Archipelago, from Mayotte: Phytoseius mayottae. No species were recorded from the three other islands. We report in this paper the results of a preliminary survey in Great Comoro or “Grande Comore” Island also called Ngazidja in the Comorian language (= Shikomori) with five species recorded.
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Kreiter, Serge, Rose-My Payet, Hadji Mouigni, Martial Douin, Marie-Stéphane Tixier, and Hamza Abdou Azali. "New records of phytoseiid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) of Grande Comore Island (Comoros Archipelago)." Acarologia 61, no. 2 (April 7, 2021): 241–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20214429.

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Grande Comore is the larger Island of the four main islands constituting Comoros Archipelago. It is the fourth Island starting from Madagascar after Mayotte, Anjouan and Mohéli and closer to the African coast (Mozambique and Tanzania). So far, only five species of the mite family Phytoseiidae had been reported from this island. We report in this paper the results of a survey conducted at the end of 2018 in Grande Comore Island, in which 29 species have been recorded.
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Kreiter, Serge, Reham I. A. Abo-Shnaf, and Rose-My Payet. "Phytoseiid mites of Mayotte Island (Acari: Mesostigmata)." Acarologia 60, no. 3 (September 8, 2020): 622–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20204391.

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Mayotte is one of the four main islands constituting Comoros Archipelago, with Anjouan, Mohéli and Grande Comore. Among them, it is the closest island to Madagascar. So far, only one species of the mite family Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) had been reported from this island in an early study. In addition, only five species were recently collected from Grande Comore. In this paper, we report the results of a survey conducted at the end of 2018 in Mayotte Island, in which 18 species are reported for the first time for the Mayotte Island.
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Tchokothe, Rémi. "« Le petit Mahorais apprend à écrire de droite à gauche à l´école coranique. Ensuite de gauche à droite avec l´alphabet Latin »." apropos [Perspektiven auf die Romania], no. 4 (June 11, 2020): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/apropos.4.1528.

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Auteur-Acteur-Compositeur-Dramaturge-Fondateur de maison de culture-Ancien Dj de bals poussière, Nassur Attoumani, le porteur de multiples casquettes fidèle à son casque colonial est l’une des voix artistiques les plus importantes de l’archipel des Comores. Dans cet entretien Nassur Attoumani parle des langues d’écriture et des identités littéraires, des réseaux littéraires, de l’écrivain « postcolonial » comme traducteur (in)conscient, du lectorat absent, de la crise humanitaire liée à la « migration » des îles d’Anjouan, de Mohéli et de la Grande-Comore vers Mayotte et du mythe du casque colonial qu’il porte fièrement depuis plusieurs décennies.
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Troeger, Christopher, Jean Gaudart, Romain Truillet, Kankoe Sallah, Dennis L. Chao, and Renaud Piarroux. "Cholera Outbreak in Grande Comore: 1998–1999." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 94, no. 1 (January 6, 2016): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.15-0397.

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Guebourg, Jean-Louis. "Migrants et clandestins de la Grande Comore." Cahiers d'outre-mer 48, no. 191 (1995): 295–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/caoum.1995.3566.

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Campos, Melina, Nikita Patel, Carly Marshall, Hans Gripkey, Robert E. Ditter, Marc W. Crepeau, Ali Toilibou, et al. "Population Genetics of Anopheles pretoriensis in Grande Comore Island." Insects 14, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14010014.

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Anopheles pretoriensis is widely distributed across Africa, including on oceanic islands such as Grande Comore in the Comoros. This species is known to be mostly zoophylic and therefore considered to have low impact on the transmission of human malaria. However, A. pretoriensis has been found infected with Plasmodium, suggesting that it may be epidemiologically important. In the present study, we sequenced and assembled the complete mitogenome of A. pretoriensis and inferred its phylogenetic relationship among other species in the subgenus Cellia. We also investigated the genetic structure of A. pretoriensis populations on Grande Comore Island, and between this island population and sites in continental Africa, using partial sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Seven haplotypes were found on the island, one of which was ubiquitous. There was no clear divergence between island haplotypes and those found on the continent. The present work contributes knowledge on this understudied, yet abundant, Anopheles species.
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Bergsten, Johannes, and Olof Biström. "Diversification in the Comoros: Review of the Laccophilus alluaudi Species Group with the Description of Four New Species (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)." Diversity 14, no. 2 (January 25, 2022): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14020081.

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The Laccophilus alluaudi species group is an interesting case of an endemic species radiation of Madagascar and the Comoros. To date, a single species, Laccophilus tigrinus Guignot, 1959 (Anjouan), is known from the Comoro Islands, with eight other species known from Madagascar. Here we review the Laccophilus alluaudi species group from the Comoro Islands based on partly new material. We recognize five species, out of which four are here described as new: L. mohelicus n. sp. (Mohéli), L. denticulatus n. sp. (Grande Comore), L. michaelbalkei n. sp. (Mayotte) and L. mayottei n. sp. (Mayotte). Based on morphology of male genitalia, we hypothesize that the five species form a monophyletic group and originated from a single colonization event from Madagascar. If confirmed, this would constitute one of the few examples of intra-archipelago diversification in the Comoros. The knowledge of species limits in relation to their distribution in the Comoros archipelago is also urgently needed in the face of rapid habitat degradation.
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Gueunier, Noël J. "Pobéguin, Henri, Blanchy, Sophie, La Grande Comore en 1898." Études Océan Indien, no. 42-43 (January 1, 2009): 394–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/oceanindien.648.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Grande Comore"

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Guébourg, Jean-Louis. "Territoires, milieux et pouvoirs à Ngazidja (Grande Comore)." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010665.

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Située à l'entrée septentrionale du canal de Mozambique (11 degrés 18 de latitude sud, 43 degrés 11 de longitude est) a égale distance, soit 300 km des côtes malgaches et africaines, se dresse Ngazidja ile volcanique oblongue de 1025 km2, la plus importante en superficie de l'archipel des Comores, compose de quatre iles depuis 1912 mais dont une, Mayotte s'est séparée de la jeune république islamique en 1975 pour se maintenir dans le cadre français en qualité de collectivité territoriale. Dominée par un puissant volcan strombolien, le Kartala, au cratère impressionnant dont les planèzes sont jalonnées le long des rifts, de multiples cônes stromboliens, réguliers, égueules, voire explosifs, elle a toujours suscite des craintes collectives aussi bien de la part des visiteurs que de la population autochtone. Fondée sur une double civilisation, d'abord bantoue (6ele - 13eme siècle) s'appuyant sur élevage et système matrilinéaire arabo-shirazienne (après) le 13eme siècle) plus échangisme, l'ile a su synthétiser les deux courants civilisateurs par le biais du "Ndola kuru", le grand mariage, coutume initiatique permettant une hiérarchie de la société. A la fin du 19eme siècle, la colonisation apporta de nouvelles valeurs notamment un système administratif bien mal adapte au monde musulman et un système de cultures spéculatives qui perdurent aujourd'hui et se traduit par la présence de vanille dans les "djiva" arbores de l'ile l'indépendance a généré un épisode révolutionnaire certes novateur, mais qui a échoué et qui a gelé pour de longues années les reformes possibles, facilitant le retour au pouvoir des "hommes politiques exportateurs" dépourvus de projets sociaux mais dont l'incessante rivalité souligne depuis quinze ans la viabilité de ce petit état à la merci d'un coup de main ou d'une faction déterminée
Ngazidja is located in the northern entrance of the mozambic channel (eleven degrees latitude south and forty five degrees longitude east). It's equidistant from madagascar and african coasts 300 kilometers. It's a valcanic island. It's one thousand and twenty-give km2 long. This island is the widest of the comoro archipelago that has included four islands since nineteen twelve. One of them, mayotte, has been separating from the young islamic republic since nineteen seventy-five, to stay french as a territorial organization. Ngazidja is a volcanis island, overlooked by a strong strombolian valcano with an impressive crater that still nowodays causes a collective fear both from visitors and from the autochthonal population. Founded on a double bantoue civilization (6-13 cen tury) at first with breeding and a matriarcal system, the with trade, the island found how to synthesize the two civilizing movements owing to the "ndola kuu", the great marriage, a custom that allows a hierarchy in the society. At the end of the nineteen century the colonization brought an administrative system badly adapted for musulman people and a system of speculative cultivation that still exists nowodays, we can find vanilla in the "djiva". The independance generated a revolutionary movement, an innovative one but that failed. This gaiture will keep off for a long time the possible reforms, making the comingback into power of political and exportatormen
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Walker, Iain Bruce. "An historical anthropology of Ngazidja." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2002. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27845.

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This thesis is an attempt to situate current development theory and prac­tice in a historical context. The basic premise is that formal development projects on Ngazidja since independence have, generally, been unsuc­cessful. This lack of success can only be understood in a wider historical context that recognises contemporary social structures in Ngazidja as being the product of processes that draw deeply on external contacts and influences in constituting viable and strongly incorporative social systems. These processes are not susceptible to controlled intervention, external or internal, but are rather self-driven. This statement may seem self-evident to anthropologists, but is far from being so in the develop­ment industry.
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Cassam, Sulliman Shânaz. "La Grande Comore, ethnographie d'une société traditionnelle en crise : pour une anthropologie des mutations culturelles." La Réunion, 2004. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/04_04_Cassam_Sulliman.pdf.

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Ce travail vise à appréhender le devenir social et politique de la société comorienne en montrant que cette société ne se contente pas de résister passivement au changement en se maintenant dans son être mais qu'elle affronte la modernisation et la mondialisation en s'affirmant et en produisant de nouvelles différences. Les trois parties de ce travail traitent respectivement des structures traditionnelles de cette société, du pouvoir pré-moderne et de ses mutations, des changements induits par la colonisation et de la politique de l'après indépendance. Cette étude constate la difficulté qu'il y a à établir un État moderne stable, difficulté qui n'est pas sans rapport avec les résistances créatives de la société traditionnelle
The objective of the present study is to apprehend the social and political transformation of Ngazidja, showing that this society does not content itself in a passive resistance to change by sticking to a status quo, but faces the challenges of modernisation and globalisation by asserting itself and by inventing different patterns of living. The three major parts of this research deal respectively with the traditional structure of the society, pre-modern power and its mutations and finally changes induced by colonisation and post-independence politics. The study shows the difficulty to establish a modern stable State, difficulty which is closely linked to creative resistance from traditional society which displays a remarkable plasticity to survive while making allowances for change
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Barwane, Ibrahim. "Les rapports entre politiques, notables et religieux en Grande Comore." Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA084076.

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L’objet principal de cette thèse est axée sur une société à tradition orale appelée la Grande Comore, sur l’Afrique de l’est. L’étude porte sur les rapports entre les politiques, les notables et le religieux. Cette étude consiste à montrer la nature de leurs rapports, le mode d’organisation et de fonctionnement de chaque catégorie sociale. Pour mieux connaître cette problématique, cette étude illustre les moments où les hommes politiques, les notables et les religieux sont en bonne entente, en confusion et en conflit. Ces trois moments caractérisent aussi leur conception sur le pouvoir politique traditionnel et religieux. Chaque catégorie est très hiérarchisée et mène une guerre d’influence pour s’imposer sur la population. Cette conception fait que l’esprit conflictuel est permanent Ces trois catégories sociales structurent la société grande comorienne autour de leurs ambitions, de leurs désires et de leurs tempéraments. Par conséquent, les politiques, les notables et les religieux constituent en Grande Comore l’autorité politique, coutumière et religieuse
The aim of this thesis is to analyse a traditionally oral society called Grande Comore, in Eastern Africa. This study entails the relationships between politicians, notables and the religious. This main objective of this study is to show the nature of their relationships, the way each social category works and its functioning. To understand better this issue, this work illustrates the moments when politicians, notables and the religious get along well, misunderstand each other and conflict. These three moments, also characterize their traditional political and religious view of power. Each category has a very hierarchal structure and fights for a strong influence in order to gain control over its population. Because of this philosophy, these categories are consistently in conflict. Therefore, they structure Grande Comore’s society around their ambitions, desires and tempers. Consequently, politicians, notables and the religious, represent in Grande Comore the political, customary and religious authority. As a result, any and all kinds of rule are determined by their increasing on the population
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Guébourg, Jean-Louis. "Espace et pouvoirs en grande Comore /." Paris : Ed. L'Harmattan, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb406233474.

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Mohamed, Ibrahim. "L’eau en Grande Comore : étude de cas d’un petit espace insulaire abondamment arrosé mais en situation de pénurie d’eau." Thesis, La Réunion, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LARE0019.

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La question de l'accès à l'eau potable reste une préoccupation majeure de tous les habitants de la Grande Comore. Dans cette île volcanique de 1025 km2, les ressources en eau proviennent d'une part des eaux météorites liées aux pluies, qui sont recueillies dans des citernes par les toits des maisons, et d'autre part des eaux souterraines résultant de l'infiltration des précipitations facilitées par la porosité des roches. Il n'existe aucun cours d'eau permanent, mais une nappe d'eau évaluée annuellement à 1 milliard de m3 entoure toute la zone côtière. Jusqu'en 1975, ces énormes réserves d'eau souterraines n'étaient pas du tout exploitées. Actuellement, la nappe alimente quelques 20 localités représentant environ 30 % de la population. Ainsi 70 % des habitants ne bénéficient pas, à l'heure actuelle, d'un accès continu à la ressource souterraine. Ils utilisent l'eau des pluies recueillie dans des citernes. Cette source d'approvisionnement n'est suffisante que pendant la saison des pluies. Au cœur de la saison sèche, qui se situe généralement de juin à novembre, l'eau doit être rationnée au sein des familles des villages du nord-est et du sud-est, régions situées sous le vent, où la saison sèche est particulièrement longue. Notre recherche de thèse se propose d'abord d'évaluer l'état de la ressource et identifier ensuite les problèmes d'accès à l'eau. Cette thèse propose des solutions pour résoudre dans une logique de développement durable le problème de l'eau en Grande Comore
The question of access to safe drinking water has remained a big concern for the people who live in Grande Comoro and even nowadays they still cope with the problem of safe drinking water. Yet Grande Comoro presents the originality of plentiful water resources; howeever, that is not enough to avoid the water shortage that harms the population. In this volcanic island of 1025 km2, the water resources come largely from the meteorite water related to the raining, which is collected in water tanks through the roof of houses. In addition to that, the water resources also come from underground water resulting from the seepage of rainfall facilitated by the porosity of the rocks. There is no permanent stream but a sheet that surrounds the costal area. The raining water which goes underground joins a basic sheet forming a big reservoir estimated at one billion square meters. until 1975, those huge underground water reservoirs were not exploited at all. For the time being, the sheet is suppling (apart from Moroni and its suburbs) some 20 localities in the island. Overall the island, only 30 % of the population is more or less correctly supplied. Our thesis research is firstly proposing to evaluate the state of the resource, and put it in perspective with the demographic growth. Then, identifying the problems relating to the access of water in order to study the part of responsability, shared between technical, financial and political issues. This thesis is proposing solutions to resolve in a logic of sustainable development the paradox of an island "plentifully watered but in a constant situation of water shortage."
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Boulianne, Nicole. "Étude de la mortalité infantile en Grande Comore." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33499.

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Abdoussalami, Issa. "Carrières des leaders associatifs comoriens : Paris, Grande-Comore." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/191213_ABDOUSSALAMI_44gphc994sbhjen499fb616pryva_TH.pdf.

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Les Comoriens en France constituent une des plus importantes diasporas malgré leur faible implication sur la scène sociale et politique. Bien que l’immigration comorienne soit un phénomène ancien, la population issue de cette migration reste encore peu étudiée. A l’instar de plusieurs communautés africaines et en dépit de leur insularité, les Comoriens font preuve d’un dynamisme associatif qu’il conviendra d’analyser. Si les nombreuses initiatives engagées par les associations impliquent des moyens et des compétences diverses, ces structures sont aussi un lieu de (re)distribution de pouvoirs, un lieu de production d’une mobilité sociale et aussi de conflits. Comment se construisent des carrières de dirigeants associatifs comoriens en France ? Dans quelle mesure le dispositif associatif peut devenir un tremplin permettant d’accéder à des fonctions sociales, politiques, religieuses ou culturelles ? De telles interrogations constituent l’objet de ce travail. La recherche s’inscrit dans une démarche méthodologique basée sur les observations directes, des entretiens pour la reconstitution de récits de vie, menés auprès de soixante-dix (70) leaders associatifs, d’acteurs politiques et de regroupements associatifs en région parisienne
The Comorians in France constitute one of the most important diasporas despite their weak involvement on the social and political scene. Although Comorian immigration is an old phenomenon, the population resulting from this migration remains little studied. Like many African communities and despite their insularity, the Comorians show an associative dynamism that should be analyzed. While the many initiatives undertaken by the associations involve various means and skills, these structures are also a place of (re) distribution of powers, a place of production of social mobility and also of conflicts. How are Careers of Comorian Community Leaders Developed in France? To what extent can the associative device become a stepping stone to access social, political, religious or cultural functions? Such questions are the object of this work. The research is part of a methodological approach based on direct observations, interviews for the reconstruction of life stories, conducted with seventy (70) associative leaders, political actors and associations in the Paris region
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Said, Ahmed Moussa. "Contribution à l'étude de la littérature orale des Comores (Ngazidja)." Paris, INALCO, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INAL0016.

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Desgrolard, Franck. "Pétrologie des laves d'un volcan intraplaque océanique : le Karthala, île de la Grande-Comore (R.F.I. des Comores)." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00756691.

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La Grande-Comore est la plus grande île d'un archipel localisé dans le canal de Mozambique sur une croûte dont la littérature permet de suggérer une nature océanique. Le Karthala est le principal volcan bouclier de l'île, il est le seul dont on connaisse l'activité historique, qui se localise essentiellement le long de deux rifts zones et à leur intersection dans la caldeira sommitale. Un volcanisme ancien forme le massif du Badjini situé à son extrémité sud. Le faible degré de sous-saturation en silice et les compositions de ses laves nous indiquent qu'elles sont essentiellement le produit d'un degré de fusion partielle identique affectant une source unique où le phlogopite et le grenat sont plus ou moins résiduels. Un modèle géophysique basé sur les taux de production magmatique des panaches mantelliques, ainsi que l'utilisation de résultats expérimentaux à hautes pressions, confirment une pression de fusion partielle élevée comprise entre 24 et 33 kbar. Les laves faiblement alcalines à transitionnelles des différents stades d'édification du Karthala ont des paragenèses variées : basaltes à olivine, océanites, ankaramites et basaltes à phénocristaux de plagioclase, qui témoignent de la diversité des processus de différenciation en jeu. L'évolution des compositions de ces laves nous a permis de mettre en évidence l'existence de deux chambres magmatiques distinctes. L'une profonde localisée à une profondeur d'environ 30 km (10 kbar), où les liquides basaltiques subissent un fractionnement wehrlitique plus ou moins important à l'origine d'un enrichissement précoce en incompatibles. L'autre plus superficielle, localisée à la base de l'édifice volcanique, où des fractionnements principalement océanitique et clinopyroxénitique, ainsi que gabbroïque à moindre échelle, ne leur font atteindre qu'un faible stade de différenciation (hawaiites et trachy-basaltes).
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Books on the topic "Grande Comore"

1

Pobéguin, Henri. La Grande Comore en 1898. Moroni, Comores: Komedit, 2007.

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Guébourg, Jean-Louis. Espace et pouvoirs en Grande Comore. Paris: Harmattan, 1995.

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Guébourg, Jean-Louis. La Grande Comore, des sultans aux mercenaires. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1993.

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Comoros. Ministère de la santé publique de la population et des affaires sociales., Projet intégration de la femme au processus de développement., United Nations Population Fund, and International Labour Organisation, eds. Inventaire/étude des associations/organisations des femmes aux Comores (grande Comore, Anjouan, Mohéli): Rapport final. Moroni: Projet intégration de la femme au processus de développement, 1996.

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Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales. Centre d'études et de recherche sur l'océan Indien., ed. Le pouvoir de l'honneur: Tradition et contestation en Grande Comore. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1994.

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Mohamed, Toibibou Ali. La transmission de l'islam aux Comores, 1933-2000: Le cas de la ville de Mbéni (Grande-Comore). Paris: L'Harmattan, 2008.

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Boina, Aboubakari. 30 sites majeurs du patrimoine culturel et naturel de la Grande-Comore. [Moroni: s.n., 1998.

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M, Louette, and Musée royal de l'Afrique centrale., eds. Atlas des oiseaux nicheurs de la Grande Comore, de Mohéli et d'Anjouan. Tervuren: Musée royal de l'Afrique centrale, 2008.

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M, Louette, and Musée royal de l'Afrique centrale., eds. Atlas des oiseaux nicheurs de la Grande Comore, de Mohéli et d'Anjouan. Tervuren: Musée royal de l'Afrique centrale, 2008.

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Bedja, Said Ahmed. Etude de l'épidémie de cholera dans le district sanitaire de Foumbouni, Grande-Comore. [Mauritius]: Institut de santé de Maurice, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Grande Comore"

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Morin, Julie, Patrick Bachèlery, Hamidi Soulé, and Hamidou Nassor. "Volcanic Risk and Crisis Management on Grande Comore Island." In Active Volcanoes of the Southwest Indian Ocean, 403–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31395-0_25.

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Join, Jean-Lambert, Jean-Luc Folio, Anli Bourhane, and Jean-Christophe Comte. "Groundwater Resources on Active Basaltic Volcanoes: Conceptual Models from La Réunion Island and Grande Comore." In Active Volcanoes of the Southwest Indian Ocean, 61–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31395-0_5.

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Bourhane, Anli, Jean-Christophe Comte, Jean-Lambert Join, and Kassim Ibrahim. "Groundwater Prospection in Grande Comore Island—Joint Contribution of Geophysical Methods, Hydrogeological Time-Series Analysis and Groundwater Modelling." In Active Volcanoes of the Southwest Indian Ocean, 385–401. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31395-0_24.

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Grogan, Myles. "Chapter 15. Repertory grids." In Research Methods in Applied Linguistics, 246–63. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rmal.6.15gro.

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Recent literature suggests that classroom-based assessment should perhaps work from a different set of assumptions than large-scale testing. This idea is explored through RGT by asking how seven teachers, each with a unique approach to teaching and assessment, create their grades in a multi-faculty undergraduate EFL course in Japan. In an interview, the researcher asked each teacher to compare a sample of their own students achieving different grades, demonstrating the teachers’ constructs for teaching and assessment. These were then analyzed, and subject to a form of content analysis used in RGT. The process revealed that, although the assessment approach used by each teacher differed, the grade reflected similar underlying teaching values that seemed to be legitimate expressions of the framework provided by the institution.
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Fricke, Hans, Karen Hissmann, Jürgen Schauer, Olaf Reinicke, Lutz Kasang, and Raphael Plante. "Habitat and population size of the coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae at Grand Comoro." In Developments in environmental biology of fishes, 287–300. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3194-0_20.

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Yu, Jiang, Haifeng Xu, and Weiyun Zhang. "Comfort Behavior of High Performance Floor Based on Single-Jump Excitation Mode Considering Time–Space Effect." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 19–34. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2532-2_3.

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AbstractBecause the traditional analysis methods cannot directly describe the comfort behavior of high performance floor through the dimensions of time and space, this paper presents a new method to derive Dirac delta functions and governing differential equations to assess its comfort behavior. On the basis of this, an improved single-jump excitation model is proposed for comfort behavior analysis. In addition, the paper analyzes distribution characteristic of sensitive parameters for the high performance floor. The results show that the peak acceleration is concentrated in the middle of the high performance floor, and then the acceleration response gradually weakened to the two sides, and its degree of weakening is greater along the two corners of the floor model from its spatial and temporal distribution characteristics. In future, it is recommended to change the strength grade of concrete materials to improve its comfort behaviors. The study also demonstrates the strong applicability of improved single-jump excitation model as an effective approach to analyzing the comfort behavior of high performance floor.
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da Silva, Jaqueline Matias, Maria Betânia Gama dos Santos, Ronildo Otávio de Oliveira Neto, and Fabiano Pereira dos Santos. "Analysis of Acoustic and Luminic Comfort in a Marble and Granite Processing Company in Campina Grande-PB." In Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, 431–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14730-3_46.

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Schneider, Marius, and Vanessa Ferguson. "Comoros." In Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Africa. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0014.

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The Union of Comoros is a sovereign archipelago nation in the Indian Ocean, located at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel. The countries closest to Comoros are Madagascar, Tanzania, and Malawi. Comoros is formed by three major islands, Ngazidja (Grande Comore), Mwali (Mohéli), and Nzwani (Anjouan), and a number of small islets. The island of Mayotte, although geographically part of the Comoros archipelago, voted against independence from France in 1974 and is now a French overseas department to which the laws of the Union of Comoros do not apply. Excluding the island of Mayotte, the Union of Comoros is 1812 square kilometres (km) and has a population of 795,601. The official language of Comoros is Shikomor (commonly called ‘Comorian’), while French and Arabic are the national languages. Shikomor is widely spoken among the population, and French is used for education and within the administration. The currency used is the Comorian franc (KMF).
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Moustakim, Ibrahim. "Réécrire l’histoire du peuplement de la Grande Comore à partir des sources archéologiques." In Biais, hiatus et absences en archéologie. Éditions de la Sorbonne, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.psorbonne.19144.

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Mikkola, Heimo. "Owls Used as Food and Medicine and for Witchcraft in Africa." In Owls - Clever Survivors [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108913.

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Wildlife has been used throughout the world since ancient cultures as food or medicine as well as heralds of events and in magic or witchcraft activities. Owl belief interview studies were undertaken in 20 African countries between 1996 and 2002. A total of 794 interviewed people reported reasons for 333 owl killings. In 17 percent of the cases, owls were killed because they represent an omen of death or disaster. In 16 percent of cases, owls were killed for food. Particularly in war-stricken countries, owls are often eaten, like in Sierra Leone, where 41 percent of owl killings were simply for food. Unfortunately, non-selective eating also hits badly some very rare species like the Anjouan Scops Owl (Otus capnodes), Grande Comore Scops Owl (Otus pauliani), Mohéli Scops Owl (Otus moheliensis), and Rufous Fishing Owl (Bubo ussheri). In Africa, owls and their body parts are also used for traditional medicine, representing 6 percent of killings. There are tens of ways how the owls are or have been used as traditional medicine. In recent times, many of these practices have fallen away or substitutes have been found, but some of the traditional uses persist because people believe they work. Primarily, owls were killed for magic and witchcraft, explaining 28 percent of the reported cases. Six interviewed witch doctors admitted that they had used owls for bewitching and even killing people often combining owl parts with poisonous plants and a lot of magic. Now, some of them said that owls should not be used for killing, because the victim suffers too much when death can take four weeks or more. By using lion, leopard, or even snakes and crocodiles, death is instant. The haunted house story from Mozambique is an example of how extreme owl superstitions still affect many people’s lives in Africa.
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Conference papers on the topic "Grande Comore"

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Moura, José David Ferreira. "ANÁLISE DA VIABILIDADE DE CONTENÇÃO EM CORTINA ATIRANTADA." In I Congresso Nacional On-line de Licenciaturas e Pesquisas Acadêmicas. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/conlinps/7517.

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Introdução: As contenções em cortina atirantada são construções que possuem paredes de concreto armado geralmente na vertical, além de possuir tirantes ancorados no terreno e forma que possa estabilizar essa contenção ao solo. sem a possibilidade de ocasionar rupturas ou movimentações de terra indesejadas. As cortinas atirantadas podem ser executadas de baixo para cima ou seja, pelo método ascendente, ou de cima para baixo, ou seja, pelo método descendente. Esse tipo de obra é utilizada para a contenção de taludes ou sub-solos que possam apresentar grandes instabilidades. Esse tipo de obra é capa de suportar grandes ações ocasionadas pelos empuxos oriundos das movimentações de terra e pelos bulbos de tensões existentes no solo devido a constuções vizinhas. Objetivos: Este estudo objetiva tratar sobre a impotância das contenções em cortinas atirantadas em solos de pouca estabilidade, ofertando uma maior segurança ao empreendimento. Material e métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de caratér blibliográfico e explanatório através de livros e artigos. Foram utilizadas as palavras cortina atirantada, contenções e establidade para que pudesse ser colhidos materiais que pudesse compor este estudo em questão, levando em torno de 3 meses para que se pudesse obter os resultados. Resultados: Trata-se de uma obra que envolve um grande valor econômico, principalmente pela grande quantidade de concreto utilizado nesse tipo de construção, grande quantidade de tirantes e mão-de-obra especializada. Em contrapartida esse tipo de empreendimento é capaz de fornecer uma maior estabilidade e segurança na contenção do maciço de terra, promovendo uma maior despreocupação para as constuções que forem realizadas próximas a esse local da contenção em cortna atirantada. Conclusão: Esse tipo de contenção é capaz de fornecer uma alta estabilidade ao solo mas devido ao seu grande custo, faz-se necessário uma análise mais aprimorada solo para que possa chegar a conclusão a respeito da necessidade de uma contenção em cortina atirantada, logo, esse tipo de contenção é capaz de suportar bem as ações oriundas dos empuxos ocasionada pela movimentação do maciço de terra.
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Kannan, Thirugnanam, Clement Lork, Wayes Tushar, Chau Yuen, Ngian Chung Wong, and Stewart Tai. "Energy Management Strategy for Zone Cooling Load Demand Reduction with Occupancy Thermal Comfort Margin." In 2019 IEEE PES GTD Grand International Conference and Exposition Asia (GTD Asia). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gtdasia.2019.8715879.

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Nabbout, Marie. "A study of discrepancies in the assessment of probabilistic tasks: why might teachers grade and evaluate inconsistently a given answer?" In Assessing Student leaning in Statistics. International Association for Statistical Education, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/srap.07804.

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In this paper we present part of a study carried out to identify Lebanese teachers’ representations of probability as well as their teaching practices. We compare grades and judgments that teachers attribute to fictitious students. Our result show inconsistencies in grading on the same teacher: discrepancy between the quantitative judgment (grade) and the qualitative judgment that he attributes to the same answer. The comparison between the quantitative judgments (grades) and the qualitative judgments reveals a great diversity among teachers: a convergence in grading can hide very different qualitative judgments. This comparison contributed largely to the study of certain representations and practices of teachers, in particular those concerning the concept of independence of events.
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Damle, Pankaj, and Tejesh Chawda. "Use of Ferritic SS444 in Exhaust Gas Cooling for Gasoline Engine." In International Conference on Automotive Materials and Manufacturing AMM 2023. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-1328.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">With the introduction of CAFÉ norms (Corporate Average Fuel Economy or Efficiency) in automobile industries, gasoline engines must improve their fuel economy by reducing overall CO<sub>2</sub> footprints. To fulfil this demand many OEMs have adopted the use of exhaust gas circulation coolers (EGR)</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Most of the gasoline engines are having exhaust gas temperatures ranging from 650-850°C, these gases could also be highly corrosive in nature. It’s very important to select the right grade of stainless steel which should have high corrosion resistance and oxidation properties. It should also withstand high temperatures and should have low sensitization at high temperatures.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Most of grades stainless steel offers high resistance against corrosion, high temperature properties. But good sensitization at high temperature is not always associated with all grades of steel.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">To compare corrosion resistivity, PREN number (Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number) plays important role. Highest the PREN number highest is the resistance to corrosion. Based on initial screening SS316L and SS444 grade are selected to undergo various test to demonstrate and compare corrosion, oxidation, and sensitization properties.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">These materials have gone under various tests like condensate corrosion test as per VDA 230-214 K-1.2 standard, for 1000 hours. After each test, material microstructure properties have been analysed and results are compared. This technical paper includes advantage of material grade in terms of austenitic vs ferritic, manufacturing process, joining process (weldability or brazing), cost and the application where is it most suitable to use.</div></div>
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Ribeiro, Antonia Francisca Santos. "CONTAMINAÇÃO E O USO DE ANTIMICROBIANOS EM ALIMENTOS: POSSIVEIS CAUSA DE RESITÊNCIA MICROBIANA." In I Congresso Nacional de Microbiologia Clínica On-Line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/1173.

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Introdução: Estudos mostram possíveis causas de resistência microbiana que está relaciona com a contaminação de alimentos e a aplicação de antimicrobianos em animais como aves e suínos para consumo humano. Metodologia: Fez-se um levantamento de revisão de literatura nas bases de dados: Scielo, Lilacs e Google acadêmico. Resultado e Discussão: Na análise de dados, verificou-se grandes fontes de contaminação através de microrganismos como bactérias, fungos protozoários e parasitas. Muitas fontes de contaminação foram encontradas, como por exemplo: água de rios poluídos que é utilizado por áreas de cultivos, má higienização de abatedouros, fatores socioeconômicos como o aumento de desemprego, que aumenta o número de vendedores de barraquinhas de comidas nas ruas, a crescente venda de alimentos em feiras livres, a facilidade de distribuição de alimentos industrializados, a exportação para outros países e o crescente consumo de alimentos nas ruas por pessoas que não tem tempo de comer em casa tem se tornado grandes fontes de contaminação alimentar, a ingestão de alimentos crus como maionese caseira tem ocasionado vários quadros de doenças e infecções alimentares . A aplicação de microrganismos para engordar aves e suínos tem sido vantajoso para os produtores de alimentos, porém tem sido uma das grandes causas de aumento de resistência microbiana. Conclusão: A grande demanda de produção de alimentos tem elevado a contaminação de alimentos e analisou-se que ocorrem principalmente em países subdesenvolvidos. Haja vista são fatores preocupantes para a saúde pública. Pode-se concluir então que é necessária ações como mais fiscalização sanitária sobre esses locais que produzem e vendem alimentos.
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Mosallam, Yusra, Mulu weldegebreal Adhana, Traian Rebedea, Lukas Toma, and Costin Chiru. "UNSUPERVISED SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATIC GRADING OF BACHELOR AND MASTER THESIS." In eLSE 2014. Editura Universitatii Nationale de Aparare "Carol I", 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-14-023.

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This paper presents an automatic system for evaluation of Bachelor and Master thesis of Computer Science students. In order to be able to fulfill this task, we have used text complexity measures along with other factors to evaluate the students' thesis. Text complexity has been previously used to predict the students' grade level for which to assign a specific reading passage. Also, it has been used in evaluating student's writing in English language classes. However, up to our knowledge it has not been used before to evaluate scientific reports. The main challenges of this task are to select the best features that accurately reflect student's performance, and to identify the optimal classifier to predict student's grade level. To tackle the first problem, we investigated four sets of text complexity measures (lexical, syntactic, semantic, and character measures), some cohesion metrics and a couple of measures related to the thesis organization and to the references used on it. For the second challenge, we computed the correlation between the investigated measures and excluded the highly correlated ones and after that, we used a number of classifiers to predict the students' grade level and to compare their performances. Finally, we tested our work on a corpus of Bachelor and Master thesis from the students of the Computer Science Department of the Politehnica University of Bucharest that were written in English (as for English there is a high availability of supporting tools for natural language processing). We evaluated the quality of the presented application using Pearson's Rank Correlation to compare our obtained results with the students' grades assigned based on their thesis.
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De Oliveira Júnior, Javan, and Marco Oyamada. "Avaliando o impacto da compressão de dados no desempenho e energia em redes LoRa." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Engenharia de Sistemas Computacionais. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbesc_estendido.2020.13094.

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Os dispositivos utilizados em soluções de Internet of things (IoT), em sua maioria possuem grandes limitações principalmente relacionadas ao hardware e sua autonomia energética. Em grande parte dos casos o maior gasto energético está relacionado à comunicação. Na literatura são encontrados vários métodos para otimizar a energia consumida com a comunicação, entre estes métodos estão as abordagens de compressão de dados. A maioria dos algoritmos de compres-são são projetados para serem executados em computadores pessoais e por isso muitas vezes necessitam ser adaptados ao contexto IoT, tendo que lidar com limitações como memória e tempo de execução. Este trabalho analisa métricas de desempenho e energia de dois algoritmos clássicos de compressão de dados, Huffman e LZ77, que foram adaptados para execução em dispositivos IoT. A compressão foi utilizada na transmissão de pacotes via modulação LoRa, ava-liando o compromisso entre taxa de compressão e energia consumida. Os resultados obtidos no estudo de caso utilizando dados reais de uma aplicação IoT na área da agricultura mostraram que a compressão Huffman resultou em um melhor compromisso, entre taxa de compressão e energia consumida, reduzindo em até 17% o consumo de energia do dispositivo.
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Clark, J. W. G., D. G. McCartney, H. Saghafifar, and P. H. Shipway. "Modelling Chemical and Microstructural Evolution Across Dissimilar Interfaces in Power Plants." In ASME 2014 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2014-32242.

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Dissimilar metal welds between different grades of ferritic steels or between ferritic steel and austenitic nickel alloys are used extensively in power plants. When such weldments are exposed to high temperature conditions, as might be found in service in a thermal power plant, local microstructural evolution will occur. This is due to diffusion, driven by chemical potential gradients, of solute atoms. Such diffusion can cause major changes in hardness and mechanical properties of joints and can lead to the formation of embrittling phases and/or softened zones. This can potentially lead to premature component failure by, for example, high temperature creep. Whilst finite element modelling of mechanical behavior and damage evolution is well established this is not the case for chemical diffusion and microstructural evolution at weld interfaces. In the present study, the general purpose linked thermodynamic and kinetic software packages Thermo-Calc and DICTRA have been applied to simulate chemical diffusion and precipitation/dissolution (i.e. phase fraction evolution) in dissimilar weld joints using commercially available thermodynamic databases TCFE7 and TTNI6. Two approaches for modelling multiphase, multicomponent systems using this software will be presented and discussed and their implementation will be illustrated. The paper will present results on modelling a range of dissimilar metal interfaces of both the ferritic-ferritic type and the ferritic-austenitic type (for example, grade 22 to grade 91 steel and grade 22 to Inconel 625). Ferritic-ferritic case studies will compare model predictions with a number of previously published experimental studies and it will be shown that the current approach can give good quantitative agreement in terms of carbon composition profiles and carbide depleted/carbide enriched zones. The results obtained from modelling a grade 22 steel-Inconel 625 system where the crystal structure of the matrix is different on either side of the weld will be compared with experimental observations on a weld overlaid tube component. The experimental results will include scanning and transmission electron microscopy studies of the weld interface regions and it will be shown that the predictions of diffusion and precipitate formation compare well with observations made experimentally following exposure at 650 °C. Also discussed are the options for further refining the computational model based on empirically observed phenomena, such as the unmixed zone of a weld.
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Sousa, Signey Everton Edival de, and Kaline Oliveira De Sousa. "GESTÃO DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS: VANTAGENS DA REUTILIZAÇÃO DA ÁGUA EM HABITAÇÕES RESIDENCIAIS." In II Congresso On-line Internacional de Sustentabilidade. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/rema/2048.

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Introdução: Na atualidade, há um alto gasto de água perante a má utilização desse bem natural, que é importante para a sobrevivência de todos os seres vivos, mas que não há em alta escala para que seja desperdiçado. No entanto, a população e os profissionais da área da construção civil ainda deixam de fazer meios que contribuam para ações favoráveis ao meio ambiente e, consequentemente, a si próprios, fazendo a reutilização da água em habitações residenciais. Objetivo: Nesse sentido, buscou-se investigar na gestão de recursos hídricos, as principais vantagens da reutilização da água em habitações residenciais. Material e Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, na qual foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, visto que foi feita a análise de dados de estudos relevantes sobre as vantagens da reutilização da água em moradias residenciais. Diante desses fatores, foi feita a pesquisa nas bases de dados do Portal de Periódicos da CAPES, a partir de bibliografias já existentes sobre o assunto nos últimos cinco anos, elegendo critérios de inclusão e exclusão para melhor performance, a fim de chegar aos artigos designados para a presente revisão. Desta forma, selecionou-se rigorosamente 10 estudos para compor a amostra final. Resultados: Assim, constatou-se que a prevalência de vários benefícios ambientais com a reutilização da água em habitações residenciais, tanto pela conservação como pelo reaproveitamento da água não potável em grandes edificações, através do abastecimento público de água e do esgoto sanitário, no qual se tem grandes benefícios, pois gera uma grande economia, o que resulta em um retorno financeiro para os moradores e donos dessas residências. Logo, se torna algo altamente viável, sendo que além de ser benéfica para o meio ambiente com o controle dos impactos através da redução de matéria-prima, é diretamente vantajosa também para a população. Conclusão: Com base nos resultados identificados, é notável a relevância da reutilização da água em habitações residenciais, pois traz diversos benefícios, tanto para o meio ambiente, quanto para a população de diversas formas. Assim, constatou-se o objetivo esperado no presente trabalho.
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Vasconcelos, Letícia Maróstica de, Jocilene Dos Santos Pereira, and Taís Araújo Santos. "APLICAÇÕES INDUSTRIAIS E BIOTECNOLÓGICAS DO ÓLEO DE CHAULMUGRA EM CARPOTROCHE BRASILIENSIS (ACHARIACEAE)." In I Congresso de Engenharia de Biotecnologia. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/rema/1367.

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Introdução: Carpotroche brasiliensis Raddi é uma árvore da família Achariaceae, nativa da Mata Atlântica, presente nos estados da Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo e Rio de Janeiro. É popularmente conhecida como fruto de paca, fruto de macaco, fruto de cotia ou sapucainha. Destaca-se por possuir sementes ricas em lipídios em seus frutos nutritivos, presentes em sistemas agroflorestais do tipo “cabruca”. Na região sul da Bahia, ocorre uma grande disponibilidade natural de indivíduos, e a espécie possui valor agregado, o que promove a compra de toda a produção das cooperativas de pequenos agricultores rurais, que atuam em situação de agricultura familiar, por grandes indústrias nacionais do setor de cosméticos. Objetivos: Sendo assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento bibliográfico das principais aplicações indústriais e biotecnológicas da espécie Carpotroche brasiliensis. Para a realização deste trabalho foram utilizadas as metodologias exploratória e descritiva. Material e Métodos: O estudo consistiu no levantamento de informações divulgadas em documentos técnicos e artigos científicos. Resultados: O óleo extraído das sementes da sapucainha, conhecido como óleo de chaulmugra possui função inseticida, parasiticida, e foi bastante utilizado como medicamento antileprótico. Atualmente, além do uso como fármaco, é utilizado como matéria prima na confecção de cosméticos por empresas nacionais. O óleo apresentou atividade antiproliferativa com linhagens cultivadas “in vitro” de células tumorais, necessitando estudos adicionais para validar a atividade antitumoral. Conclusão: O que reforça a importância do presente estudo, fornecendo informações básicas para aplicações biotecnológicas futuras da espécie em questão, tanto para a indústria de produtos antienvelhecimento, quanto para o tratamento de tumores.
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Reports on the topic "Grande Comore"

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Pédarros, Élie, Jeremy Allouche, Matiwos Bekele Oma, Priscilla Duboz, Amadou Hamath Diallo, Habtemariam Kassa, Chloé Laloi, et al. La Grande Muraille Verte en tant qu’imaginaire socio-technique. Institute of Development Studies, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2024.018.

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Le projet de la Grande Muraille Verte (GMV), lancé en 2007 par l’Union Africaine, est l’un des plus importants projets de transformation verte de l’Afrique. D’un mouvement environnemental panafricain à une mosaïque de modes de gestion et de mise en œuvre du projet à l’échelle locale en passant par son financement considérable de la part de la communauté internationale, la GMV est désormais considérée comme un « mégaprojet » étudié principalement selon les lignes de l’écologie politique et des études critiques sur le développement. Cependant, les nombreuses dissonances de perception entre les différents acteurs de la GMV à différentes échelles nous conduisent à proposer de considérer la GMV comme un imaginaire socio-technique, un outil permettant « l’élaboration de l’avenir ». Les débats conceptuels autour de la notion de « futur » permettent ainsi d’interroger la capacité de ce projet à intégrer des pratiques endogènes qui s’inscrivent dans une diversité de récits de mémoire environnementale collectivement construits. Considérer la GMV comme un imaginaire sociotechnique implique également de questionner le caractère panafricain de ce projet et de tenter de comprendre comment son expansion actuelle est effectivement négociée et réalisée.
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Araya, Mesele, Pauline Rose, Ricardo Sabates, Dawit Tibebu Tiruneh, and Tassew Woldehanna. Learning Losses during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ethiopia: Comparing Student Achievement in Early Primary Grades before School Closures, and After They Reopened. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2022/049.

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The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the education sector in unprecedented ways. As with many other countries around the world, the Ethiopian government closed schools following the first identified case in the capital city, Addis Ababa, on the 16th of March 2020. Across the country, these closures resulted in more than 26 million learners staying at home for almost eight months (UNESCO, 2021). In addition to this hiatus in their education, pupils were promoted automatically to the next grade with only 45 days of catch-up classes (Ministry of Education, 2020). In other words, those attending a specific school grade in March 2020 were then promoted to the next grade when school resumed in October 2020. For a significant proportion of Ethiopian pupils, learning during school closures was extremely limited despite the government’s efforts to create educational programmes via national television and radio stations (Kim et al., 2021a; Yorke et al., 2020). School closures, combined with barriers to accessing remote educational resources, meant potential learning losses for a significant number of pupils. Several studies have already indicated that COVID-19 resulted in learning losses, especially among the poorest and most disadvantaged groups. A study in Indonesia found that pupils lost 11 points on the PISA3 reading scale due to the four-month school closure from March to July 2020 (Yarrow, Masood & Afkar, 2020). It was also estimated that Grade 4 pupils in South Africa experienced losses equivalent to more than 60 percent of an academic year (Ardington, Wills & Kotze, 2021), while pupils in the UK lost a third of their expected learning during pandemic-related school closures (Major, Eyles & Machin, 2021). It is anticipated that school closures in Ethiopia could similarly result in learning losses and challenges for pupils to catch up with their learning, particularly for those from disadvantaged backgrounds. Our related emerging findings in Ethiopia have indicated that school closures exacerbated pre-existing inequalities in education, where progress was much lower for rural students compared to those in urban areas who were tracked from Grade 4 to Grade 6 (Kim et al., 2021b; Bayley et al., 2021). Building on this work in Ethiopia, this Insight Note provides a new perspective on numeracy achievements of Grade 1 and Grade 4 pupils by comparing learning at the start of each academic year and the gains over the course of the year across two academic years: 2018-19 and 2020-21. During the 2018-19 academic year, the Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE) Ethiopia programme collected data on students’ numeracy achievement from 168 schools. After schools reopened in October 2020, and with additional support from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, data on students’ numeracy achievements were collected for two new cohorts of pupils in Grades 1 and 4 in the same schools using the same instruments. This has enabled us to compare learning patterns between two cohorts in the same grades and schools before and during the pandemic. More specifically, in this Insight Note, we aim to: -Compare foundational numeracy levels of pupils entering Grade 1 in the 2020-21 academic year relative to those in 2018-19. -Compare progress in foundational numeracy for Grade 1 pupils over the course of the 2020-21 academic year relative to that seen during the 2018-19 academic year. -Compare numeracy levels of pupils entering Grade 4 in the 2020-21 academic year relative to those entering the same grade in 2018-19. -Compare progress in numeracy for Grade 4 pupils over the course of the 2020-21 academic year relative to the progress seen during the 2018-19 academic year. -Estimate the magnitude of learning loss attributable to the pandemic by calculating the difference in numeracy levels and progress between the two cohorts.
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Camacho Angarita, Liliana, and Pedro Alexander Gutiérrez Aguilera. El sistema placa-pilote como alternativa de cimentación para estructuras con grandes cargas y asentamientos excesivos. Ediciones Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/gclc.40.

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Actualmente, las alternativas de solución para la transmisión de cargas de una estructura a un suelo capaz de resistirlas son diversas, lo cual ha llevado a la combinación de cimentaciones superficiales y profundas. Una de las alternativas de cimentación que permite dar solución a los problemas presentados por estructuras con grandes cargas y asentamientos excesivos es el sistema placa-pilote, el cual, permite transferir las cargas de una edificación de manera tal que las presiones de contacto puedan ser distribuidas, tanto en la placa, como en el pilote. El llevar a cabo un correcto análisis de este sistema, depende directamente de las metodologías de diseño aplicadas, las cuales se establecen principalmente en métodos simplificados, aproximados y rigurosos basados en computador. La escogencia de la metodología adecuada dependerá del ingeniero geotécnico y estructural, a la necesidad y exigencia para cada caso particular de estructura.
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Chang, Charles C., Luis Servén, and Eduardo Fernández-Arias. Measuring Aid Flows: A New Approach. Inter-American Development Bank, December 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010758.

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The debate on the effectiveness of foreign aid has intensified in recent years as aid has come under increasing budgetary pressures in donor countries. Whatever the merits of the opposing arguments, the fundamental issue arises of whether conventionally-used measures of aid such as ODA, which lump together grants and loans, accurately reflect true aid flows. This paper analyzes the methodological shortcomings of conventional aid measures, and proposes a new valuation approach that measures official aid flows as the sum of grants and the grant equivalents of official loans. This conceptually superior aid measure can diverge significantly from the conventional aggregates and provide a quite different view on major aid trends.
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Echeverría, Carlos, Mariana Weiss, Talita Borges, Harold del Castillo, Oriol Biosca, and Michelle Carvalho Metanias Hallack. Estimando a demanda potencial de energia para veículos elétricos: um estudo de caso para o Sul do Brasil e seus possíveis desdobramentos. Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004423.

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O presente estudo propõe uma estrutura analítica para estimar a demanda potencial de energia para veículos elétricos (VE), e traz os principais resultados da sua aplicação para um estudo de caso para região sul do Brasil – composta pelos estados de Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina. Os resultados do estudo de caso estimam que os VE podem alcançar até 10,9% da frota da região Sul do país em 2040, o que corresponde a uma frota até 1,7 milhões de VE em 2040 e um acréscimo de até 5,10% no consumo de energia da região. Desta forma, é possível esperar que este acréscimo na demanda pode ser acomodado pelo sistema de geração e pela rede de transmissão sem grandes dificuldades, porém exigindo alguns investimentos e reforços na rede de distribuição média tensão (MT) e de baixa tensão (BT) para atender a esse aumento de demanda provocado pelos VE. Por fim, foi discutida a possibilidade de conexão do Sul do Brasil com países vizinhos próximos, como a Argentina, Paraguai e o Uruguai – através de um corredor elétrico.
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Calvo, Ricardo, Susana Arispe, Javier García, Gastón Siroit, Michelle Ramírez, Andrea Gaviano, Pilar Larreamendy, Luciano Bornholdt, and Federico Goldenberg. ¿Cómo entender la energía bajo tus pies? Beneficios y gestión socioambiental efectiva de proyectos geotérmicos en América Latina y el Caribe. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004452.

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Este reporte presenta los beneficios y la gestión socioambiental efectiva de proyectos geotérmicos en América Latina y el Caribe. La región de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) cuenta con un gran potencial de energía geotérmica, es una energía limpia, renovable y de base especialmente resiliente a los efectos del cambio climático. El recurso geotérmico aprovechado en la actualidad, tanto para generación eléctrica como para usos directos de calor, es por lo tanto tiene un gran espacio de crecimiento. En el contexto actual global de descarbonización, la geotermia ofrece grandes oportunidades para los países que cuentan con este recurso, ya que los impactos sociales y ambientales de los proyectos geotérmicos son generalmente menores a los de otras tecnologías de generación eléctrica y tienen sencillas medidas de mitigación.
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Gruber, Verena, Ingrid Peignier, and Elinora Pentcheva. Analyse des motivations d’achat de camions légers au Québec. CIRANO, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/kzyi1849.

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Le présent rapport s’inscrit dans la continuité d’une vaste étude débutée en 2020 afin de mieux comprendre la préférence croissante de la population canadienne pour les véhicules énergivores ainsi que les facteurs (politiques, économiques, sociaux, etc.) qui contribuent à l’augmentation des ventes de ce type de véhicules. Le CIRANO a déjà participé à cette étude en publiant deux rapports de projet en 2021 et ce nouveau rapport traite plus en détail de la situation au Québec, avec une attention particulière portée sur les habitudes d’utilisation des véhicules. Pour ce faire, une étude empirique a été menée auprès d’un échantillon représentatif de 1 020 Québécois(es) propriétaires d’un véhicule à l’aide d’un questionnaire en ligne administré en juillet 2022. L’enquête par questionnaire a fait ressortir quatre aspects majeurs qui influencent l’intention d’acheter un véhicule de type VUS : les caractéristiques du véhicule (comme l’importance accordée à une position de conduite élevée et à une transmission à quatre roues motrices), les aspects démographiques (comme le fait de vivre dans une région rurale et d’avoir un revenu familial plus élevé) et les facteurs psychologiques (comme l’importance des valeurs hédoniques et égoïstes). Mais c’est surtout la nature du véhicule principal qui est la variable qui se distingue avec le plus grand effet (β = 0,451) sur l’intention d’achat de VUS. Ainsi, conformément aux résultats de 2020, le facteur le plus important pour expliquer l’intention d’achat futur d’un VUS est la possession préalable d’un VUS. 67 % des propriétaires de VUS ont affirmé qu’il était extrêmement probable ou très probable qu’ils achètent un VUS comme prochain véhicule contre seulement 24 % des propriétaires de berline. Ces résultats renforcent la conclusion que le fait de posséder un VUS est le meilleur prédicteur d’une haute intention d’achat de VUS pour le prochain véhicule et souligne l’importance des interventions visant les premiers acheteurs et les premières acheteuses. Les résultats de l’enquête suggèrent également que la réduction de la possession de voiture parmi les propriétaires sera fortement difficile, puisque ceux-ci considèrent leur véhicule comme indispensable, et ce quel que soit le type de véhicule possédé, quoique les propriétaires de berlines soient néanmoins significativement les moins nombreux à considérer leur véhicule comme indispensable. Bien que les répondant(e)s considèrent généralement leur véhicule comme indispensable, ils ou elles ne l’utilisent guère au maximum de sa capacité, ni en ce qui concerne les sièges du véhicule ni en ce qui concerne l’espace de rangement. En moyenne, 35 % des répondant(e)s indiquent qu’au moins 3 places de leur véhicule sur 5 sont occupées au moins une fois par semaine. La plus grande part affirme toutefois que cela n’arrive que quelques fois par année (40,1 %), voire jamais pour 13,6 % des répondant(e)s. Les mêmes ordres de grandeur sont observés en ce qui concerne l’utilisation de l’espace de chargement. En revanche, les conducteur(trice)s de VUS sont significativement plus nombreux que les conducteur(trice)s de berline à utiliser fréquemment la majorité des sièges de l’habitacle ainsi que la pleine capacité du coffre. Pourtant, lorsque l’on contrôle pour d’autres variables sociodémographiques, le type de véhicule conduit n’est généralement pas un facteur explicatif de la fréquence d’utilisation de la pleine capacité de notre véhicule, que l’on parle de sièges ou du coffre, mais c’est plutôt le fait d’avoir des enfants qui est la variable avec le plus grand pouvoir explicatif.
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Alegria Salazar, Wilmer Johan. Dirección estrategica basada en balanced scoredcard en la gestion del mantenimiento: caso empresa de manufactura. Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22490/ecacen.4708.

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Sin lugar a dudas el mantenimiento industrial tiene una gran participación en el proceso de dirección estratégica de cualquier organización sin importar su naturaleza, en la actualidad los directivos adquieren el gran desafío de mostrar el mantenimiento como una inversión en activos y no como un gasto; lo que se traduce en buscar mejores herramientas que permitan identificar las mejores maniobras para alcanzar la meta y por supuesto que pueda ser medible a partir de una serie de aspectos específicos del área. Hablar de dirección estratégica es hablar de balanced scorecard; su enfoque que solo busca integrar la estrategia y la evaluación del negocio ha mostrado ser productora de grandes resultados. La herramienta BSC crea un vínculo permanente entre cuadro dimensiones críticas para el éxito de cualquier organización; las finanzas, los clientes, el aprendizaje y crecimiento, finalmente el negocio interno. La inmersión de una empresa a nuevos mercados y la globalización de los negocios exigen que se aborden nuevas formas de armar las estrategias empresariales.
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Pons Sintes, Marc, and Samuel Piña Fernández. Uso de los hongos como indicadores de calidad de los ecosistemas forestales insulares. Fundación Avanza, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.60096/fundacionavanza/1772022.

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Miller-Sanabria, Tomas C. Microfinanzas: Las lecciones aprendidas en América Latina. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009689.

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El éxito relativo de las microfinanzas en programas rurales de crédito en América Latina se debe a un plan de desarrollo descentralizado que propone como requisitos necesarios un sector microempresa grande, instituciones estables y permanentes, marcos regulatorios apropiados y una economía estable.
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