Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Grandeurs physiques'
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Fabre, Jean-Marc. "La Relativisation des jugements l'évaluation de grandeurs physiques et symboliques /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604912t.
Full textFabre, Jean-Marc. "La Relativisation des jugements : l'évaluation des grandeurs physiques et symboliques." Université de Provence. Faculté des lettres et sciences humaines (1969-2011), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX10064.
Full textThe study of the effects of context on judgment is one way of approaching judgment processes, and can be applied to judgments of physical size, often studied in a laboratory, and judgment of symbolic size, frequently encountered in everyday life. These activities may have a common theoretical basis. Part 1 centers on the context effects observed in situations of absolute judgment and of assessment by category, and includes a review of conventional observations, a presentation of the current state of the range-frequency model and its extensions, and a theoretical and experimental contribution focusing on the concepts of differentiation and coherence. The relevance of these concepts is illustrated by the effect of situation factors such as response systems, context distribution form, and context-related information. Part 2 develops the notion of surimposed information, namely the anchoring of specific responses or the constitution of stimulus classes. First, the processes responsible for the assimilation and contrast effects are shown to be one in the same. Second, the role of categorization is studied by comparing two theoretical approaches: specific restriction, which limits the context effect to classes of homogeneous objects, and categorical differentiation, which on the contrary assumes that the difference perceived between the values taken on by objects is greater if the objects belong to different classes. The results of the experiments presented converge at determining what process is responsible for this added differentiation, and under what conditions it is effective. The opposition between these two theories is examined. Part 3 proposes a means of extending the context-effect models developed in psychophysics to cover the more complex value judgments characteristic of social life. The research approaches presented propose an extension of the range-frequency model that calls upon the notion of relativization structure, and, for the study of responsibility judgments, that relates the context effect to the theoretical fields of attribution and availability heuristics. Extension of the relativization approach thus appears to be an appropriate means of studying the structure of the psychological dimensions of judgment
GALEOU, MARIA. "La sensation thermique de l'homme dans son habitat : des grandeurs physiques et physiologiques aux sensations." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30158.
Full textPasselaigue, Theys Dominique. "Grandeurs et mesures à l'école élémentaire." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20161/document.
Full textSince 2002, in a new domain of the mathematics entitled " quantity and measurement ", the authors ofthe curriculum suggest approaching the quantity through activities of direct, indirect comparison, byusing arbitrary standards measurement before introducing the conventional units and by drawing fromthe reservoir of activities that are the experimental sciences.These orders were at the origin of this work.An epistemological analysis of the concepts allowed us to show that the distinction "quantity/measurement", presented as natural, is relevant for this level of teaching.We looked for the origin of the curriculum's proposition by studying the texts of the primary schoolin sciences and mathematics since 1923. We noticed a decisive bend in the programs: following thereform of the modern mathematics, the study of quantity before measurement appears in sciences asin mathematics, leaning on the works of the contemporary psychologists. This study in both disciplineswill not be any more asked until 2002.In our work, we brought to light a bad control of the concepts of "quantity and "measurement " as wellas a misconception of "quantity" at the primary school teachers. Some of them are besides reluctantto adopt the approach described in curricula for all the quantities.We studied the impact of the comparison's activities with the use of arbitrary standards on theconstruction of the concept of mass and on the sense of moderation, by means of the implementationtwo comparative engineerings in 2nd year of primary school. Our results show that the level of pupil'sconceptualization, such as it is estimated by means of our criteria, is upper so much for the sense ofthe quantity than for that of the measure, at the pupils having lived a sequence introducing the massfrom comparison's activities out of the number
Droit, Christophe. "Système d'interrogation à distance de grandeurs physiques à base de capteurs à ondes élastiques de surface pour mesures paramétriques sur une gamme de température étendue." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00945020.
Full textN'Guessan, Kahan. "Méthodes et outils d'aide au diagnostic et à la maintenance des tableaux électriques généraux par le suivi des grandeurs physiques caractéristiques et de leur fonctionnement." Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0172.
Full textThe switchboard is a key element of any electrical installation. It incorporates devices designed to distribute electrical power and protect circuits and people. This PhD work deals with an entire system of monitoring and diagnosis of Low Voltage (LV) switchboards based on the measurements of temperatures, and currents. This innovating system meets the needs to prevent the breakdowns of LV switchboards, which, although rare, can involve huge financial and human loss. The thermal measurements are do ne by wireless thermal sensor. The measured data are transmitted via internet and collected in a server, to be centrally processed. This centralized data processing includes a local detection of failures and a global diagnosis which leads to sorne maintenance recommendations. This work is focused on, the detection stage, and the global diagnosis. Sorne results based on experimental data and expertise's information are presented to validate the feasibility of the methods implemented
Martin, Romain. "Conception d’une architecture robuste pour l’acquisition de grandeurs physiques dans un système aéronautique critique : application à la mesure de température, pression, couple, et vitesse d’une turbomachine." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0060/document.
Full textThe acquisition of physical parameters as such as temperature, pressure, torque, and speed are necessary to flight critical systems in order to reach and ensure safety and availability required. Consequently, it requires implementing high technologies and techniques which are able to work in rugged environments.The aim of our work is to design a new architecture for sensor acquisition systems in order to be integrated onto a flight critical system. The goal of the architecture is to ensure data integrity, system's availability and safety relative to airborne critical systems. The solution adds the fault tolerance ability to the signal conditioning. Consequently, we implement additional functionalities, as such as mathematical model of the signal conditioning, in order to make the acquisition system more intelligent.Our research work is partially based on technical specifications from SYRENA project, which is a typical example of flight critical systems, which is the main thematic of our purpose
Le, Cleac'H A. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés physiques des minéraux à haute pression : Spectroscopie et calcul des grandeurs thermodynamiques de la lawsonite, des épidotes et des polymorphes de Si02." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00655926.
Full textLe, Cleac'h Andrée. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés physiques des minéraux à haute pression : spectroscopie et calcul des grandeurs thermodynamiques de la lawsonite, des épidotes et des polymorphes de SiO /." Rennes : Centre armoricain d'étude structurale des socles, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35094086f.
Full textSagnard, Marianne. "Conception et développement de composants à ondes élastiques de surface, dédiés à la détection passive et sans fil de grandeurs physiques et au filtrage radiofréquences à bandes multiples." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCD051.
Full textThis thesis aims at designing innovative, passive and wireless surface acoustic waves (SAW) sensors and filters, dedicated to harsh environments. Several types of SAW components are consequently studied. The main characteristics, such as insertion losses or relative bandwidth, of usual structures (resonators, delay lines, LCRF, ladder filters…) are known by men of the art. However, to design a SAW device that respects specific requirements, the definition of the proper behavior of each device must be established before the manufacturing.For this purpose, numerical models are developed. Not only they include the possibility to analyse he beha-vior of systems with complex geometry (ladder filters, apodised transducers) but they take into account disturbing phenomena (transverse modes, losses due to the intrinsic nature of the materials). The comparison between computations and measures points out the match between experimental results and calculations.The implementation of these tools allows the development of innovative SAW sensors and filters thanks to a fast and reliable numerical analysis of their behavior.Thus, the design of resonators and sensors dedicated to a use at temperatures exceeding 700°C is studied. It is demonstrated that despite its inhomogeneity, Ba2TiSi2O8 is suitable for the manufacturing of SAW devices subject to high temperatures and in a frequency range from 300 MHz to the GHz.Furthermore, a structure composed of a three electrodes per wavelength transducer is used to produce re-sonators that are not subject to directivity effects when the temperature changes. This configuration offers the possibility to design sensors that use a single resonator (versus at least two until now). This last point makes smaller components possible and solves the question of a differential aging of the structures.A second type of sensors, also passive and wireless, dedicated to humidity measurements, based on the use of a single SAW, is studied. In this new configuration, a LCRF is used as a transponder and the sensitive area is outsourced. The mode sensitivity (of more than a MHz) to the variation of a capacitance or a dipole antenna is numerically brought to light. In practice, the device manufacturing showed a differential variation of the resonances of about 600 kHz depending on the electric condition applied to one of the ports.Finally, filters, dedicated to strategic applications, with frequency agility are designed. The purpose is to make the frequency vary depending on the electrical conditions applied to the mirrors. Two kinds of agility are identified : a slight sliding, of a few ‰ of the initial central frequency, periodic, and a frequency jump due to the shift of the Bragg band to the high frequencies. The manufacturing of some structures and their connection to MEMS switches attest the feasibility of such a structure.This work highlights the ability to predict the behavior of SAW structures thanks to the development of dedicated software. Moreover, the analysis and the manufacturing of innovative sensors and filters pave the way to new functionalities
Le, Cleac'h Andrée. "Contribution a l'etude des proprietes physiques des mineraux de haute pression : spectroscopie et calcul des grandeurs thermodynamiques de la lawsonite, des epidotes et des polymorphes de sio#2." Rennes 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989REN10109.
Full textPopa, Andrei. "Proposition de stratégies de surveillance d’usinage en perçage de superalliage base nickel, application à l’usure de l’outil." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0038/document.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis is a part of European project ACCENT and fits into the context of using process monitoring in the manufacture of critical parts for aircraft engines. The aim is to define a monitoring technique for the tool wear in the machining of the central bore of a high pressure disk made in nickel based superalloy. The major stages can be identified in our approach: identification of tool failure modes in drilling Udimet® 720 LI, defining the relationships between wear and measured physical quantities and finally, a proposal for monitoring strategies based on the previous results. In order to complete the objectives, an experimental protocol was defined. The experimental campaigns allowed us to characterize the drill wear and to define cartography of tool failure modes depending on cutting conditions tested. Moreover, the impact of machining disturbances (lubricant stop, change in percentage of lubricant emulsion, the position over the before hole, etc.) was studied. In the second part, the relations between the tool failure modes and monitoring signals recorded during the machining (forces, torque, power, vibrations, etc.) were identified. For this task, we focused on two directions: a straightforward explanation of signals evolution by physical phenomena and “black box” approach to develop wear models from a database obtained by statistical criteria extracts from the signals. This analysis also allowed the detection of certain machining disturbances using the physical quantities. These include an eccentricity of the tool in the tool holder and a chips evacuation problem. The third part concerns the signals sensitivity to detect the different phenomena and the definition of monitoring strategies which can be implemented. For each relation defined, a detection probability was determined. Further, we used signals in parallel to increase the robustness of detection. The probabilities were improved, with an assumption of independent signals (without calculating existing biases). Finally, the combination of the phenomenological approach to the so-called "statistical" has increased the robustness of the monitoring technique
Phua, Gailene. "Estimation of geometric properties of three-component signals for condition monitoring." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT004.
Full textMost methods for condition monitoring are based on the analysis and characterization of physical quantities that are three-dimensional in nature. Plotted in a three-dimensional Euclidean space as a function of time, these quantities follow a trajectory whose geometric characteristics are representative of the state of the monitored system. Usual techniques of condition monitoring study the measured quantities component by component, without taking into account their three-dimensional nature and the geometric properties of their trajectory. A significant part of the information is thus ignored. In this research work, we would therefore like to develop a method for the analysis and processing of three-component quantities capable of highlighting the special geometric features of such data and providing complementary information for condition monitoring. The proposed method has been applied to two different cases: voltage dips monitoring in three-phase power networks and bearing faults monitoring in rotating electrical machines. In this two cases, the results obtained are promising and show that the estimated geometric indicators lead to complementary information that can be useful for condition monitoring
Tailleur, Julien. "Grandes déviations, physique statistique et systèmes dynamiques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00325956.
Full textLejeune, Christine. "Analyse physique et modélisation des écoulements turbulents à grandes vitesses." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT104H.
Full textPortelli, Baptiste. "Fluctuations des grandeurs globales dans les systèmes corrélés." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENSL0218.
Full textFerré, Grégoire. "Théorie des grandes déviations en physique statistique : quelques aspects théoriques et numériques." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1035.
Full textThis thesis is concerned with various aspects of large deviations theory in relation with statistical physics. Both theoretical and numerical considerations are dealt with. The first part of the work studies long time large deviations properties of diffusion processes. First, we prove new ergodicity results for Feynman-Kac dynamics, both in continuous and discrete time. This leads to new fine results (in the sense of topology) for large deviations of empirical measures of diffusion processes. Various numerical problems are then covered. We first provide precise error estimates on discretizations of Feynman-Kac dynamics, for which the nonlinear features of the dynamics demand new tools. In order to reduce the variance of naive estimators, we provide an adaptive algorithm relying on the technique of stochastic approximation. We finally consider a problem concerning low temperature systems. We present a new method for constructing an approximation of the optimal control from the instanton (or reaction path) theory. The last part of the thesis is concerned with the different topic of Coulomb gases, which appear both in physics and random matrix theory. We first present an efficient method for simulating such gases, before turning to gases under constraint. For such gases, we prove new concentration results in the limit of a large number of particles, under some conditions on the constraint. We also present a simulation algorithm, which confirms the theoretical expectations
Lecanu, Mickaël. "Couplage multi-physique : combustion turbulente, rayonnement, cinétique chimique." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ECAP0966.
Full textDirect and large eddy simulations (DNS and LES) of turbulent combustion including pollutant formation and radiative heat transfers are conducted coupling three specific parralel fortran codes though the specialized language CORBA. The first code solves Navier-Stokes, main species and energy balance equations. From these data, the second code estimates Nox formation whereas the third one determines radiative heat transfers of gases CO2 and H2O. The different kinds of calculations are very hard to be simulated together because of the time scale of each phenomenon. Radiative heat transfer is based on a convective time of large structures, pollutant formation on a chemical time and acoustic phenomenon induced by combustion on an acoustic time. Our approach takes advantage of the different characteristic time scales involved to reduce the overall computational times. Successful validation cases show the effect of the radiative heat transfer on temperature fields and then on pollutants species fields. Pollutants species levels are very sensitive to temperature and then decrease
Rus, Mariana. "Grandeurs cinématiques et mesures locales et de champs dans l'intéraction homme - structure." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00560877.
Full textToutant, Adrien. "Modélisation physique des interactions entre interfaces et turbulence." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2006. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7604/1/toutant1.pdf.
Full textBrémand, Fabrice. "Photoélasticimétrie en grandes déformations : méthode de mesures de grandes et de petites déformations." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2302.
Full textDumora, Julie. "Contribution à l’interaction physique homme-robot : application à la comanipulation d’objets de grandes dimensions." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20030/document.
Full textCollaborative robotics aims at physically assisting humans in their daily tasks.The system comprises two partners with complementary strengths : physical for the robot versus cognitive for the operator. This combination provides new scenarios of application such as the accomplishment of difficult-to-automate tasks. In this thesis, we are interested in assisting the human operator to manipulate bulky parts while the robot has no prior knowledge of the environment and the task. Handling such parts is a daily activity in manyareas which is a complex and critical issue. We propose a new strategy of assistances to tackle the problem of simultaneously controlling both the grasping point of the operator and that of the robot. The task responsibilities for the robot and the operator are allocated according to their relative strengths. While the operator decides the plan and applies the driving force, the robot detects the operator's intention of motion and constrains the degrees of freedom that are useless to perform the intended motion. This way, the operator does not have to control all the degrees of freedom simultaneously. The scientific issues we deal with are split into three main parts : assistive control, haptic channel analysis and learning during the interaction.The strategy is based on a unified framework of the assistances specification, robot control and intention detection. This is a modular approach that can be applied with any low-level robot control architecture. We highlight its interest through manifold tasks completed with two robotics platforms : an industrial arm manipulator and a biped humanoid robot
Wavrer, Philippe. "Apport à la théorie de l'échantillonnage des solides hétérogènes : applications à des grandeurs mesurées sur matières premières, secondaires et ultimes /." Orléans : Éd. BRGM, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb366996703.
Full textNguyen, Thu Lam Khanh-Dang. "Problèmes de grandes déviations dans les systèmes dynamiques." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066146.
Full textIn this thesis we are interested in large deviations in dynamical systems. We use ideas and methods both from the statistical physics field and the dynamical systems field. In a first part, we test the idea that large deviations in chaotic dynamical systems are typically associated to ordered trajectories. We first minimize a simple functionnal of the trajectories of the baker's map. Although most of the trajectories are aperiodic, we find that minimal trajectories are periodic. In a second model, we study a density free energy functionnal with a glassy phenomenology: first order transition between a liquid and a crystal and appereance of a huge number of metastable and amorphous states. The state of minimum free energy is nevers amorphous. In a second part, we consider two problems that arises when using the so-called Lyapunov Weigted Dynamics, used numerically to sample large deviations of chaoticity in a dynamical system. (i) We analyse hamiltonian dynamics perturbed stochastically and show that the presence of noise destabilize the system, unless the initial condition is taken in a isochronous part of the phase space. (ii) We study the dynamics of a population of two species in dynamical equilibrium when a selection process comes into play. The finite size of the population allows for the extinction of one of the species
Canal, Jean-Loup. "Courant, tension, résistance et énergie : essai de conceptualisation des grandeurs fondamentales en électricité (propositions d'analogies modélisantes)." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30056.
Full textGeorges-Picot, Alexandre. "Développement de modèles physiques et numériques pour la simulation aux grandes échelles des écoulements dans les tuyères supersoniques." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAM0024.
Full textThis work, initiated by the CNES (Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales) in the ATAC research program (Aérodynamique Tuyères et Arrières-Corps), is devoted to the development and the validation of numerical and physical models for the prediction of side-loads in rocket engines. Indeed, propulsion systems involve complex physical phenomena : turbulent mixing, high compressibility (interaction shock / turbulence, coupling modes vorticity / entropy / acoustic), coherent structure, three-dimensional vortex organizations, massive detachment and large scale instabilities. The analysis of these phenomena requires the uses of advanced numerical simulations. To deal with the high cost of large-eddy simulations boundary layers, a new wall model, based on renormalization laws and a database, was developed. This model allows to take into account the dynamics of the flow while significantly reducing the number of calculation points and the time step required for LES simulations. Results show many complex interactions with in the flow. In particular, the upstream / downstream interactions (supersonic / subsonic), strongly influence the separation and the shock structure, causing the occurrence of energy peaks associated with acoustic disturbances and leading to the appearance of convective instability, coupled with global asymmetric modes. These self-sustained phenomena are synonymous of side-loads and are representative of laboratory experiments and rocket engine test benches. In terms of optimization of massively parallel computing, a new method, called "Drop-Procs", was developed as part of the immersed boundaries. This method is suitable for compute-intensive architectures Tier-0 and allows a significant reduction in CPU time (Central Processing Unit) consumption, up to 50%, making this type of simulation accessible for industrials
Lebihen, Thierry. "Proprietes optiques et magneto-optiques d'heterostructures a base de semi-conducteurs ii-vi semi-magnetiques a grandes bandes interdites." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066647.
Full textLazarescu, Alexandre. "Exact large deviations of the current in the asymmetric simple exclusion process with open boundaries." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066295.
Full textDans cette thèse, on considère un des modèles les plus étudiés en physique statistique hors équilibre : le processus d'exclusion simple asymétrique, qui décrit des particules se déplaçant stochastiquement sur un réseau unidimensionnel, entre deux réservoirs de densités fixées, avec la contrainte que chaque site ne peut porter qu'une particule à un instant donné. Ce modèle a la propriété mathématique d'être intégrable, ce qui en fait un bon candidat à une résolution exacte. Ce qui nous intétresse, en particulier, est de décrire le courant de particules qui traverse le système (ce qui est une caractéristique des systèmes hors équilibre) et comment ce dernier fluctue avec le temps. Nous présentons une méthode inspirée de l'Ansatz matriciel de Derrida, Evans, Hakim et Pasquier, qui nous permet d'obtenir une expression exacte des cumulants de ce courant, et ce pour une taille finie du système et quelle que soit la valeur de ses paramètres. Nous analysons également le comportement asymptotique de ce résultat à la limite d'un système de grande taille, et émettons une conjecture quant au diagramme de phase du système dans 'l'ensemble-s'. Enfin, nous montrons en quoi notre méthode est reliée à l'Ansatz de Bethe algébrique, que l'on pensait ne pas être appliquable à cette situation
Ziour, Riad. "Cosmologie et modifications à grandes distances de l'interaction gravitationnelle." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077235.
Full textIn the framework of General Relativity, the observed current acceleration of the expansion of the Universe requires the presence of a "Dark Energy" component, whose nature is not well understood. In order to explain the acceleration of the Universe without introducing such a tantalizing source of energy, other gravitation theories have been designed. This thesis is devoted to the study of some of these modified gravity theories, as well as to the observation methods that could constrain them. The first part of this thesis presents a review of modified gravity theories and their motivations. The second part is devoted to the study of the massive gravity theories and of the so-called Vainshtein's mechanism, which allows some of the solutions of Massive Gravity to strongly differ from General Relativity at cosmological scales while satisfying the experimental constraints inside the solar System. For the first time, the validity of the Vainshtein's mechanism is demonstrated, through the study of specific spherically symmetric solutions. The third part deals with scalar modification of gravity; a new model of this sort is presented, inspired by the Vainshtein's mechanism in Massive Gravity. Finally, the fourth part discusses local, astrophysical and cosmological observations that might constrain modified gravity theories
Riber, Eleonore Simonin Olivier Cuenot Bénédicte. "Développement de la méthode de simulation aux grandes échelles pour les écoulements diphasiques turbulents." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2008. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000531.
Full textTexte en anglais, conclusion en anglais et en français. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. 183 réf.
Gaspar, Clara. "Méthodes et outils pour la conception et l'implémentation de systèmes de contrôle pour de grandes expériences de physique." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0102.
Full textThis thesis proposes a set of methods and tools to be used for the online control of a large high-energy physics experiment (this study was done at DELPHI on the large LEP collider at CERN). The goal is to make the evolutive maintenance easier through a global approach on all parts of the system, and to allow users (physicists) to run easily their specific experiments, either locally or remotely. Analyzing existing tools, we have defined three main key objectives in the design of our architecture: communication, control/survey and user interface. For communications we propose a model called DIM (Distributed Information Manager) as single system used by all other modules. Based on the client/server paradigm, it proposes asynchronous communications and had been designed to allow full transparency. Its robustness allows it to handle exceptions such as the death of a process (or a network link) and the migration of a process to another node. For controls, we propose the environment SMI++ which allows to model the experiment as a hierarchical set of objects whose behavior is described as automates in the Sl'v1L language (State Management Language). SMI++ is proposed with implementation tools (code generator) and test tools. The user interface DUI is used throughout the online system and can be used in the control room at CERN as well as at a remote laboratory, to allow for co-operative work. SMI++ and DUI are both using DIM for communications. This architecture has been validated on the DELPHI experiment at CERN, where DIM publishes over 20000 services from 425 servers running on about 50 processors and where SMI++ handles more than 100 objects. Some of these tools have also been selected by other experiments (Babar at SLAC, Stanford)
Courty, Stéphanie. "Structuration et propriétés thermodynamiques de la matière baryonique dans l'Univers : de l'origine physique du biais cosmologique." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112211.
Full textThe galaxy distribution is biased with respect to the underlying mass distribution. Cosmological bias is larger at high redshift. The understanding of its physical origin can give useful insights about galaxy formation. We use numerical simulations to reproduce the hierarchical structuration of the matter, the accretion and cooling of baryons into dark matter potential wells. These simulations follow explicitly the dynamical evolution of the dark matter and of the baryonic matter in an expanding Universe. They include a set of dissipative processes and follow the chemical evolution of the cosmological plasma. Galaxy formation is computed from recipes describing gas in collapsing regions. We show that galaxy-like objects are in good agreement with the observational data. Clustering differences between galaxies and mass are characterized statistically by bias parameters. However this description is inadequate to understand the complex process of galaxy formation. We take advantage of a probabilistic formalism to separate the non-linearity and stochasticity characteristics of the bias relation between the density fluctuation fields of galaxies and mass. This relation depends on the thermodynamics of baryons justifying the introduction in the simulation of the non-equipartition processes between electrons, neutrals and ions of the cosmological plasma. We discuss in detail about the influence of these processes on the spatial distribution and on the thermodynamical properties of the baryonic matter in not too dense structures at redshifts before the reionization epoch. We point out that low-mass galaxy formation is inhibited at high redshift. It turns out that the cosmological bias relation is modified, underlying the role playing by thermodynamics in the process of galaxy formation
Giraud, Hubert. "Renforcement des zones d'effondrement localisé : modélisations physique et numérique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10199.
Full textNassar, Tarek. "Applications de l'Ansatz de Bethe et modèle sigma nonlinéaire." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20200.
Full textHAUSSEGUY, JEREMIE. "Developpement de methodes iteratives et hybrides. Application a la modelisation de structures rayonnantes de grandes dimensions placees dans leur environnement d'exploitation." Nice, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE5379.
Full textGrandchamp, Xavier. "Modélisation physique des écoulements turbulents appliquée aux voies aériennes supérieures chez l'humain." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00490527.
Full textNguegang, Bertrand Vidal. "Contribution à la simulation numérique du couplage thermomécanique en grandes déformations : Application à la simulation en mise en forme des structures volumiques." Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOS022.
Full textAnokhin, Sergey. "Evolution des lois d'échelle dans les amas de galaxies à partir d'observations du satellite XMM : physique de la formation des grandes structures." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077001.
Full textClusters of galaxies are the largest gravitationally bound objects in the Universe. It is possible to study the hierarchical structure formation based on these youngest objects in the Universe. In order to complete the results found with hot clusters, we choose the cold distant galaxy clusters selected from The Southern SHARC catalogue. In the same time, we studied archived galaxy clusters to test the theory and treatment analysis. To study these weak cluster of galaxies, we optimized our treatment analysis: in particular, searching for the best background subtraction and modeling it for our surface brightness profile and spectra. Our results are in a good agreement with Scaling Relation obtained from hot galaxy clusters
SALINAS, VAZQUEZ MARTIN. "Simulation des grandes échelles d'écoulements dans les canaux de refroidissement de moteur fusée." Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPG0185.
Full textRivoire, Olivier. "Phases vitreuses, optimisation et grandes déviations." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009956.
Full textRiber, Eleonore. "Développement de la méthode de simulation aux grandes échelles pour les écoulements diphasiques turbulents." Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000531/.
Full textThis work deals with numerical modeling of turbulent two-phase flows. It focuses on the phenomena of dispersion and preferential concentration of solid particles in a gas flow, and proposes a LES formulation of the eulerian mesoscopic approach, which raises two main issues. First, the set of equations for the dispersed phase that is non diffusive creates strong gradients difficult to handle numerically. Then, the unclosed terms are due both to ensemble averaging and volume filtering. In the presence study, a new numerical method more adapted to the dispersed phase equations is first proposed. Second, its robustness and accuracy are shown performing DNS of particle-laden decaying HIT flow. Finally, the LES eulerian mesoscopic model that was a priori proposed by Moreau (2006) is a posteriori validated in two complex geometries (Hishida et al. (1987) and Borée et al. (2001)) through comparisons with measurements and lagrangian results
Renault, Olivier. "Oxydes diélectriques en couches minces pour écrans de visualisation à plasma : synthèse sur de grandes surfaces par aérosol-CVD et étude des propriétés microstructurales et physiques." Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0149.
Full textChesnel, Jérémy. "Simulation aux grandes échelles de l'atomisation : application à l'injection automobile." Rouen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ROUES021.
Full textLiquid injection takes an important part in many physical processes, especially within internal combustion engine (ICE). Up to know the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach has been widely used, both in Eulerian and Lagrangian framework. Several works on atomization have been done in our team developing the ELSA model. However, LES of atomization seems to be a necessarily step forward. In addition to standard LES method for turbulent flows, a special attention is necessarily to represent the interface. Two limit cases have to be considered : - The liquid surface can be well captured with the available mesh size (or filter size) then the LES formulation must recover the DNS methods used to track the interface (such as Level Set or VOF). -The liquid surface wrinkles size are smaller than the mesh size and the two-phase LES formulation must recover the LES used for spray where finally droplets are considered very small by comparison to the mesh size. In this work we present a LES method for two phase flow that can recover these two limits. It is shown that the unresolved SGS (Sub Grid Scale) term that appears in the phase function equation plays an important role, even if it is very small by comparison to the resolved contribution. Application of this method to the atomization of a Diesel jet is presented. LES results are then compared to a DNS data base
Guilhem, Noëlie. "Analyses et caractérisations numérique et expérimentale d'un caloduc tournant à grandes vitesses de rotation." Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ESMA0011.
Full textThe use of electrical equipments undergoing hard operating conditions (rotational speed, heat dissipations) leads to the development of an efficient, passive and reliable device, capable of extracting heat from those systems while satisfying constraints such a weight, size and cost encountered in aeronautics. As well as being a good passive system transferring large quantities of heat, the axial rotating heat pipe satisfies all those requirements because of its reduced size and the small working fluid loads. The characterization of this type of two-phase devices operating under high radial acceleration levels (up to 16 000 g) has led to researches both numerical and experimental carried out during this thesis. The first phase of this study is devoted to the internal thermo hydrodynamic behaviour of the rotating heat pipe with a semi-analytic approach, concentrated on the behaviour of the liquid phase. This analysis, carried out with both minimal and overweight conditions, has highlighted the devices performances sensibility to the different operating parameters which are the rational speed, the heat flux, the filling ration the saturation temperature and the type of fluid. The rotating heat pipe characterization has then been completed with an experimental phase, necessary to the evaluation of its heat transfer capacities in real operating conditions. Different series of tests first checked the ability of the device to operate under high accelerations while being loaded with fluid and then lead to the system performances determination for several operating conditions (speed, heat flux, etc. ). All those investigations revealed a very interesting heat transfer potential which is very promising for the integration of this system in rotating equipment
Haddad, Christian. "Instationnarités, mouvements d'onde de choc et tourbillons à grandes échelles dans une interaction onde de choc / couche limite avec décollement." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX11003.
Full textWavrer, Philippe. "Apport à la théorie de l'échantillonnage des solides hétérogènes : application à des grandeurs mesurées sur matières premières, secondaires et ultimes." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL166N.
Full textGirard, Grégory. "Etude de nouvelles formes de matériaux basés sur le magnésium pour le stockage réversible de grandes quantités d'hydrogène - Effet d'addition d'éléments de transition." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00445767.
Full textGaltier, Mathieu. "Approche statistique du rayonnement dans les milieux gazeux hétérogènes : de l’échantillonnage des transitions moléculaires au calcul de grandeurs radiatives." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMAC0017/document.
Full textTwo major challenges are encountered when studying radiative transfer in gases (e.g. combustion chambers or planetary atmospheres): heterogeneity and spectral dependence of radiative properties. The work introduced in this manuscript, addresses this problem through a statistical approach of radiation that requires no model or numerical approximation. This approach leads to the development of Monte-Carlo methods, currently considered as reference solutions in the community of radiative transfer. The difficulty related to heterogeneity is handled by a technique borrowed from other fields of transport physics: null-collision algorithms. Their application to radiation consists in adding to the events of absorption and scattering a third arbitrary type of collision that has no effect on the photon transport. Thus, the extinction coefficient resulting from these three types of collisions can be assumed to be homogeneous. Then, it is shown how this very same technique opens the door to rethinking statistically the concept of absorption coefficient. This leads to Monte-Carlo algorithms that directly estimate radiative observables from transition parameters indexed in molecular spectroscopic databases, without the need of rigorously precomputing absorption coefficients
Chazottes, Jean-René (19. "Entropie relative, dynamique symbolique et turbulence/ Jean-René Chazottes." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX11028.
Full textRINCON, Francois. "Dynamique des grandes échelles de la convection dans la photosphère solaire." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008710.
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