Dissertations / Theses: 'Grandia (Game)'

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Costa, Vladimir Eliodoro [UNESP]. "Caracterização físico-energética da madeira e produtividade de reflorestamentos de clones de híbridos de Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101772.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-02-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:42:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 costa_ve_dr_botfca.pdf: 1893270 bytes, checksum: 1c7f6c492e1a2c43fdfa453c401d6836 (MD5) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) A produtividade e qualidade de um reflorestamento agroflorestal são parâmetros de extrema importância no âmbito da produção industrial madeireira. Estes parâmetros vem sendo estudados com o desígnio de produzir madeira de crescimento rápido e alta qualidade. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar as características físicas da madeira de reflorestamento da espécie Eucalyptus grandis em seis diferentes tratamentos: um seminal e dois clones de E. grandis; três clones de híbridos de E. grandis e E. urophylla; estudando sua produtividade quando plantados em mesmas condições de cultivo e enfatizando os aspectos metodológicos para a determinação de parâmetros qualitativos e quantitativos da madeira do reflorestamento. Foram estudadas as variações dimensionais em função da umidade em diferentes densidades da madeira por meio da retratibilidade, obtendo relações matemáticas de transformação das diferentes densidades da madeira. Foi aplicada a técnica de atenuação da radiação gama do 241Am para determinação da densidade pontual e média, utilizando apenas quatro discos por árvore e nove árvores por tratamento. Determinou-se também o poder calorífico e a porcentagem de casca e obtiveram-se os incrementos médios anuais de volume, de massa e de energia para cada tratamento. Os clones e o seminal apresentaram menor densidade, menor variação da densidade na direção radial e diferente comportamento da densidade na direção axial do que os híbridos. Os incrementos médios anuais de volume, de massa e de energia foram maiores para os híbridos. Concluiu-se que a produtividade dos clones em comparação ao seminal não foi muito significativa, enquanto que as produtividades 2 dos clones híbridos foram bem superiores do que os outros tratamentos. Foi possível concluir de forma clara que a clonagem de híbridos... The productivity and quality of an agroflorestal reforestation are parameters of extreme importance in the scope of the lumber industrial production. These parameters have being studied with the design to produce wood of high growth and fast and quality. This work had as objective to study the physical characteristics of the wood of reforestation of the Eucalyptus grandis species in six different treatments: one seminal and two clones of Eucalyptus grandis; three clones of hybrids of E. grandis and E. urophylla, studying its planted productivity when in same conditions of culture and emphasizing the methodology aspects for the determination of qualitative and quantitative parameters of the wood of the reforestation. The dimensional variations in function of the humidity in different densities of the wood by means of the retratibilidade had been studied, getting mathematical relations of transformation of the different densities of the wood. The gamma-ray attenuation technique of the 241Am was applied it for determination of the prompt and average density, using only four disc for tree and nine trees for treatment. It was also determined the calorific power and the percentage of rind and had gotten the annual average increments of volume, mass and energy for each treatment. Clones and the seminal one had presented minor density, minor variation of the density in the radial direction and different behavior of the density in the axial direction of that the hybrids. The annual average increments of volume, mass and energy had been bigger for the hybrids. It was concluded that the productivity of clones in comparison to the seminal one was not very significant, while that the hybrid productivity of 4 clones had been well superior of that the other treatments. It was possible to conclude of clear form that the clonagem of hybrids of the species E. grandis and... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

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Costa, Vladimir Eliodoro 1976. "Caracterização físico-energética da madeira e produtividade de reflorestamentos de clones de híbridos de Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101772.

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Orientador: Marcos Antonio de Rezende Banca: Elias Taylor Durgante Severo Banca: Adriano Wagner Ballarin Banca: Mariana Fragas S. Muçouçah Banca: Helder de Oliveira Resumo: A produtividade e qualidade de um reflorestamento agroflorestal são parâmetros de extrema importância no âmbito da produção industrial madeireira. Estes parâmetros vem sendo estudados com o desígnio de produzir madeira de crescimento rápido e alta qualidade. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar as características físicas da madeira de reflorestamento da espécie Eucalyptus grandis em seis diferentes tratamentos: um seminal e dois clones de E. grandis; três clones de híbridos de E. grandis e E. urophylla; estudando sua produtividade quando plantados em mesmas condições de cultivo e enfatizando os aspectos metodológicos para a determinação de parâmetros qualitativos e quantitativos da madeira do reflorestamento. Foram estudadas as variações dimensionais em função da umidade em diferentes densidades da madeira por meio da retratibilidade, obtendo relações matemáticas de transformação das diferentes densidades da madeira. Foi aplicada a técnica de atenuação da radiação gama do 241Am para determinação da densidade pontual e média, utilizando apenas quatro discos por árvore e nove árvores por tratamento. Determinou-se também o poder calorífico e a porcentagem de casca e obtiveram-se os incrementos médios anuais de volume, de massa e de energia para cada tratamento. Os clones e o seminal apresentaram menor densidade, menor variação da densidade na direção radial e diferente comportamento da densidade na direção axial do que os híbridos. Os incrementos médios anuais de volume, de massa e de energia foram maiores para os híbridos. Concluiu-se que a produtividade dos clones em comparação ao seminal não foi muito significativa, enquanto que as produtividades 2 dos clones híbridos foram bem superiores do que os outros tratamentos. Foi possível concluir de forma clara que a clonagem de híbridos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) Abstract: The productivity and quality of an agroflorestal reforestation are parameters of extreme importance in the scope of the lumber industrial production. These parameters have being studied with the design to produce wood of high growth and fast and quality. This work had as objective to study the physical characteristics of the wood of reforestation of the Eucalyptus grandis species in six different treatments: one seminal and two clones of Eucalyptus grandis; three clones of hybrids of E. grandis and E. urophylla, studying its planted productivity when in same conditions of culture and emphasizing the methodology aspects for the determination of qualitative and quantitative parameters of the wood of the reforestation. The dimensional variations in function of the humidity in different densities of the wood by means of the retratibilidade had been studied, getting mathematical relations of transformation of the different densities of the wood. The gamma-ray attenuation technique of the 241Am was applied it for determination of the prompt and average density, using only four disc for tree and nine trees for treatment. It was also determined the calorific power and the percentage of rind and had gotten the annual average increments of volume, mass and energy for each treatment. Clones and the seminal one had presented minor density, minor variation of the density in the radial direction and different behavior of the density in the axial direction of that the hybrids. The annual average increments of volume, mass and energy had been bigger for the hybrids. It was concluded that the productivity of clones in comparison to the seminal one was not very significant, while that the hybrid productivity of 4 clones had been well superior of that the other treatments. It was possible to conclude of clear form that the clonagem of hybrids of the species E. grandis and... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below) Doutor

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Green, Joshua Lumpkin. "Digital Blackface: The Repackaging of the Black Masculine Image." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1154371043.

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Oliveira, Vinícius Oliveira de. "O game The Grand Theft Auto V como rede de letramentos: um estudo de caso." Universidade Catolica de Pelotas, 2015. http://tede.ucpel.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/555.

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Submitted by Cristiane Chim (cristiane.chim@ucpel.edu.br) on 2016-12-14T12:34:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Vinícius dissertação biblioteca.pdf: 3547787 bytes, checksum: 9dac22034b8705d80dbecf81c82ae05a (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-14T12:34:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vinícius dissertação biblioteca.pdf: 3547787 bytes, checksum: 9dac22034b8705d80dbecf81c82ae05a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-04 Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq# #-2555911436985713659# #600 Being grounded in the consideration that games are texts (MAGNANI, 2008), Network Literacy (BUZATO, 2009, 2012a, 2012b, 2014) and sites of engagement (SCOLLON, 2001, NORRIS, 2004) my aim, in this dissertation, is analyzing the semiotic and discursive course of a subject that plays the game The Grand Theft Auto V. The reason for choosing is justified by two aspects: 1) It is an adult game that, in other words, needs many hours to be played, according to what Gee (2007) points out. 2) It deeply characterizes the cultural universe of the students, because this game has sold, according to the newzoo site, thirty four million copies in thirteen months since its release. This purpose is justified by the fact that, if we want to idealize proper schools and/or pedagogies for games, in the educational sphere, we have to, at first, analyze the complex discursive and semiotic process that characterize their playing. The theoretical background of this dissertation is divided into four chapters: 1) The state of art videogame studies. 2) Literacy: One theme and three turns. 3) Games and the produce of meaning. 4) Mediated Discourse Analysis. Methodologically, I use an online monitoring software called Open Broadcaster Software (OBS) in order to analyze all spaces that the subject goes while he is playing this game. This way to do ethnography is called Connective Ethnography (LEANDER e MCKIM, 2003; LEANDER E LOVORN, 2006), because it traces the person’s activity as online, as offline. Besides it, the questionnaire that was previously applied in order to analyze the subject’s profile. The results of this study showed that the analyzed subject had mobilized two different kinds of literacies: 1) Literacy in the web pages. 2) Literacies in the virtual world of the game. In these second kind of literacies, the analyzed subject used to assimilate the Discourses of the game that made the avatar become a killer, or a robber, for example. Estando ancorado na consideração de que os games são ora textos (MAGNANI, 2008), ora Letramentos em Rede (BUZATO, 2009, 2012a,2012b, 2014), ora sítios de engajamento (SCOLLON, 2001, NORRIS, 2004), busco, nesta dissertação, analisar o percurso semiótico e discursivo de um sujeito que joga o game The Grand Theft Auto V. O motivo para escolher este jogo está justificado em dois aspectos principais: 1) Trata-se de um jogo adulto, ou seja, exige várias horas para ser praticado, conforme Gee (2007) aponta. 2) Caracteriza sobremaneira o universo cultural dos sujeitos que estão na escola, fato notado pelo marcante volume de vendas destacado pelo site newzoo – trinta e quatro milhões de cópias em treze meses desde seu lançamento. Essa proposta se justifica pelo fato de que, para pensarmos em escolas e/ou pedagogias, que sejam responsivas aos games, na esfera educacional, devemos, primeiramente, analisar os processos complexos, semióticos e discursivos que caracteriza seu jogar. O referencial teórico deste trabalho é dividido em quatro capítulos: 1) O estado da arte nos estudos de videogame. 2) Letramento: Um tema e três Viradas. 3) Games e produção de sentido. 4) Análise do Discurso Mediado. Metodologicamente, uso o software de monitoramento online Open Broadcaster Software (OBS) para analisar todos os espaços que o sujeito percorre enquanto joga o game. Essa forma de etnografia empregada é chamada de etnografia conectiva (LEANDER e MCKIM, 2003; LEANDER E LOVORN, 2006), pois rastreia a atividade do sujeito, tanto online, quanto off-line. Soma-se a isso o questionário previamente aplicado, cujo objetivo era analisar o perfil do sujeito. Os resultados desse percurso revelaram que o sujeito analisado mobilizou dois tipos diferentes de letramentos: 1) Letramentos em páginas da web. 2) Letramentos no mundo virtual do game. Nesses últimos letramentos, o analisado acabava assimilando os Discursos do game que, ora revelavam o avatar do jogador como um matador, ora o revelavam como um ladrão, por exemplo.

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Garcia, del Molino Luis Carlos. "Non-hermitian random matrices and applications to randomly connected firing rate neuronal networks." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC167.

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On étudie l'impacte des propriétés statistiques des matrices de connectivité sur la dynamique des réseaux de neurones. Cette étude se fait à travers de l'analyse des propriétés spectrales de matrices aléatoires We study the impact of the statistical properties of connectivity matrices on the dynamics of neuronal networks. This study is done by analyzing the spectral properties of random matrices

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Silva, Thiago de Melo. "Estudos fitoquímicos e dos efeitos da radiação gama em Echinodorus macrophyllus (chapéu-de-couro) e em óleos essenciais de Inga laurina e Eucalyptus grandis (eucalipto)." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/SFSA-9P7UT6.

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The plant materials are usually used in the popular medicine with a high degree of microbiological contamination. There are several methods for microbial decontamination of herbal products and gamma radiation has been an alternative which also increases storage time. Echinodorus macrophyllus, Inga laurina, and Eucalyptus grandis are used by the Brazilian population for various medicinal purposes. In the present study the effect of gamma radiation on fractions containing phenolic compounds, alkaloids and saponins from leaves of E. macrophyllus was investigated. The use of radiation to microbial decontamination does not cause significant changes in the composition of the samples. Furthermore, the composition of the essential oil of leaves of these three species was evaluated after radiation and the results obtained are not directly connected to the dose of gamma radiation. A dose of 10 kGy was sufficient for complete decontamination of the leaves of Echinodorus macrophyllus. Different compounds were identified from the phytochemical study of leaves of E. macrophyllus. The hexane extract mainly provided two triterpenes: stigmasterol and -sitosterol. The fraction containing phenolic compounds provided trans-aconitic acid, trans-ferulic, cafeoiltartronic acid, isovitexin, and isoorientina. Extracts and compounds isolated from E. macrophyllus were submitted to tests of antioxidant activity by scavering the DPPH radical and total antioxidant activity, showing high antioxidant power. Os medicamentos de origem vegetal usados pela medicina popular apresentam normalmente um elevado nível de contaminação microbiológica. Existem vários métodos para a descontaminação microbiana de produtos fitoterápicos e a radiação gama tem sido uma alternativa, aumentando o tempo de conservação. As espécies Echinodorus macrophyllus, Inga laurina e Eucalyptus grandis são utilizadas pela população brasileira para diversos fins medicinais. Neste trabalho foi investigado o efeito da radiação gama sobre as frações contendo compostos fenólicos, saponinas e alcalóides de E. macrophyllus. O uso da radiação com a finalidade de descontaminação microbiológica não provoca mudanças significativas na composição das amostras. Além disso, foi avaliada a composição do óleo essencial das folhas dessas três espécies após serem submetidas à radiação e os resultados obtidos não estão ligados diretamente à dose de radiação gama. O uso de uma dose de 10 kGy é suficiente para total descontaminação das folhas de Echinodorus macrophyllus. Através de um estudo fitoquímico foi possível identificar diversas substâncias presentes no extrato em hexano obtidos das folhas de E. macrophyllus, além de isolar e identificar estruturalmente dois triterpenos: estigmasterol e ß-sitosterol. Por sua vez na fração contendo compostos fenólicos foram identificados ácido trans-aconítico, acido trans-ferúlico, ácido cafeoiltartrônico, isovitexina e isoorientina. Os extratos e substâncias isoladas de E. macrophyllus foram submetidos a testes de atividade antioxidante por sequestro do radical DPPH e atividade antioxidante total, mostrando alto poder antioxidante.

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Bella, Aimee Adjoua. "Conflict analysis under climatic uncertainties: The upper Rio Grande basin." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187489.

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Conflict analysis and game theory models are applied to a case study in the upper Rio Grande river basin. The objective is to find which theory best describes past developments in the Rio Grande river basin and the status quo of water use strategies employed by the players (decision makers). By assuming that these past properties will propagate in the future, the preferable change in the equilibrium solution is derived under climate fluctuation, coupled with future population growth scenarios. Past and future Rio Grande resource allocation conflicts are analyzed using (1) multicriterion decision making (MCDM) techniques, such as distance based approach of compromise programming and outranking technique of the ELECTRE family and (2) voting scheme approach of game theory. MCDM and game theory model cases are classified according to the following categories: 1. If decision makers consider each other payoff or if an authority above forces them to consider each other's payoffs, then the conflict analysis problem is a multiactor/ multiobjective problem. 2. If decision makers only care about their own payoff and not what other players payoff are, then the conflict analysis problem is described and solved by game theoretic models. Fifteen decision makers from the Rio Grande water allocation and water management conflict are used as an example to present the different approaches to conflict modeling. From the MCDM techniques used, namely the compromise programming of distance-based approach and the ELECTRE family of outranking relation, the former method stands out as being the most flexible and comprehensive methodology. Though these two methods are conceptually different, for this case study, both methods give approximately the same results. For the game theory analysis, the special voting scheme stands out as being the preferred approach because it better reflects the decision maker's preference and it also is easy to implement and apply. Finally, the climate change scenarios are considered, the 1XCO₂ and the 2XCO₂. Results obtained from these two scenarios indicate the Rio Grande river will face extreme water shortages that will require the development of a different set of water release rules.

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Bouderbane, Mustapha. "Système de vision à haute gamme dynamique auto adaptable." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCK048.

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La génération d’images à grande gamme de dynamique (HDR) à l’aide de plusieurs expositions est largement utilisée pour récupérer la gamme de dynamique entière d’une scène filmée. La technique se base sur la fusion de deux images (ou plus) à faibles gamme de dynamique(LDR). Cependant, cette technique doit être utilisée pour les scènes statiques et elle ne peut pas être appliquée directement pour les scènes contenant du mouvement. Les mouvements introduits par les objets dans les images de pile d’images LDR créent des artefacts fantômes dans l’image HDR reconstruite.Dans cette thèse, nous avons étudié et évalué un grand nombre d’algorithmes utilisés pour corriger ou éviter ces artefacts. Nous avons fait un compromis entre robustesse et complexité dans le choix de la méthode permettant la suppression de cet artefact afin de proposer un système de générationde vidéo HDR en temps réel (caméra intelligente). Ce dernier est implémenté sur un circuit FPGA.Cette caméra intelligente basée sur un FPGA est présentée avec des résultats expérimentaux de la conception démontrant l’efficacité de la méthode sélectionnée. Le système proposé permet de générer des flux vidéo HDR, y compris le processus de suppression des artefacts fantômes, à 60images/s pour une résolution de capteur complète (1280 × 1024) High dynamic range (HDR) image generation using temporal exposure bracketing is widely used to recover the whole dynamic range of a filmed scene by fusion of two or more low dynamic range (LDR) images. Temporal exposure bracketing technique should be employed for static scenes and it cannot be applied directly for dynamic scenes. Motions introduced by moving objects in the LDR stack images create ghosts artifacts in the reconstructed HDR image. In this thesis, we have studied and evaluated a large nuber of algorithms used to correct or avoid these artifacts and we mad a trade-off between robustness and complexity in order to propose a real-time HDR video generation system.The real-time HDR image generation system is implemented on a FPGA circuit. This FPGA-based smart camera is presented with some experimental results to demonstrate the selected method and design efficiency. The proposed system enables HDR video streams, including ghost removal processing, to be generated at 60 f ps for a full sensor resolution (1280 × 1024)

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Godinho, João Alberto Candeias. "Contribuição do treino mental de imagética e modelação por computador no treino da marcação de grandes penalidades no futebol." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UTL-Universidade Técnica de Lisboa -- -Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, 2001. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29339.

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Engskär, Camilla, and Marina Vacari. ""Jag kände igen mig på platser och det gav mig en starkare upplevelse" : En studie om verklighetsbaserade spels påverkan på turism." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Medieteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-32098.

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Game industry is increasing and developing its possibilities by creating new trends, making it more attractive for users and offering way more than just a spending-time activity. This bachelor thesis presents a brief study about games which are designed and based on real geographical places. This study argues the question about playing games created after real cities and if this can attract gamers to the real destination which a particular game is based on. The aim of this paper is to see if there is a link between tourism and game industry. The methods used for this study are qualitative, in form of interviews, as well as quantitative. The quantitative study is performed with a survey answered by players, and what effect that has on the user experience, both in the game, but also in visiting real destinations. To find out this particular issue, questions about user experience were asked in aim to find out what provokes the desire to visit the physical location. By analyzing collected data, it has come to a conclusion that players are positively affected by the fact that the game they are playing is based on real geographical places. This conclusion is based on players answers which are reflected by the fact that game felt more real, but also that players took different decision for visiting places during their stay at the destination, which they probably would not do if they did not play those particular games. Spelbranschen expanderar allt mer från år till år och skapar nya trender. Speciellt nu när spel erbjuder så mycket mer än bara tidsfördriv blir spelandet allt mer attraktivt. Denna kandidatuppsats presenterar en undersökning av spel som är utformade efter en verklig plats, och om de på så sätt lockar spelaren att besöka den riktiga platsen. Syftet är att se om det finns en koppling mellan turismnäringen och spelbranschen. De metoder som används är både kvalitativa, i form av intervjuer, samt kvantitativa. Den kvantitativa studien genomförs med en enkätundersökning riktad till spelare, och vilka effekter det får på användarens upple-velse, både i spelet men även vid ett eventuellt besök på den verkliga platsen. För att ta reda på detta ställs frågor som rör användarens upplevelse av platsen som spelet är utformat i, och i vilken mån det framkallar en vilja att besöka den fysiska platsen. Genom analys av den insamlade datan har man kommit till en slutsats som visar att spelaren påverkas i positiv mening av att spelvärlden existerar i verkligheten. Detta visar sig både ge-nom att spelet upplevs mer verkligt, men också att spelaren tar andra beslut på destinationen, än den hade gjort om hen inte spelat.

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Berget, Claire. "Les représentations et l'imaginaire de la viole de gambe en Angleterre aux dix-septième et dix-huitième siècles." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR2031.

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La viole de gambe en Angleterre connaît un destin singulier, passant d’une popularité incontestable dans l’aristocratie anglaise au dix-septième siècle à un rejet d’une intensité croissante au fil du dix-huitième siècle. Les représentations de l’instrument dans des documents périphériques à la sphère musicale – lettres, poèmes, peintures – trahissent la complexité de l’imaginaire qui entoure la viole. Dans sa période faste, la viole génère simultanément des images lubriques de corps sensuel, et d’instrument noble en raison de la mélancolie supposée de son timbre. Elle est alors étroitement associée au sentiment national anglais, dont elle cristalliserait la spécificité. Cependant, sa popularité décroissante auprès de l’élite voit la prolifération d’images négatives : vieillesse et stérilité semblent désormais être l’apanage de la viole, que l’on met également à distance idéologiquement comme instrument étranger. La viole réapparaît dans la deuxième moitié du dix-huitième siècle au moment où le culte de la sensibilité se développe : brièvement, son archaïsme et son timbre unique donnent voix à l’individu et ses émotions. La viole, dans le paradigme cyclique de la Renaissance tout comme dans le paradigme linéaire et discursif des Lumières, parvient à s’incarner selon des modalités esthétiques et idéologiques très différentes dans l’imaginaire anglais In England, the viola da gamba has a singular destiny, from an incontestable popularity with the aristocracy in the seventeenth century to a rejection of increasing intensity over the eighteenth century. The representations of the instrument in documents peripheral to the musical sphere, such as letters, poems or paintings, reveal the complexity of the imaginaire surrounding the instrument. Although, in prosperous times, the viol conjures up lewd images of a sensual body, it is simultaneously associated with ideals of nobility through the supposed melancholy of its tone. At that period, it is also felt to be closely connected to the English national identity, whose specificity it appears to crystallise. However, its dwindling popularity with the elite leads to the proliferation of negative images. Senescence and sterility are increasingly associated with the viol, while ideologically, the instrument is spurned as non- English. The brief resurgence of the viol in the second half of the eighteenth century is brought on by the development of the cult of sensibility. Individual emotions are voiced through its perceived archaism and unique tone. The viola da gamba, both in the circular paradigm of the Renaissance, and in the linear and discursive paradigm of the Enlightenment, successfully embodies contrasting aesthetic and ideological imaginaires

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Nejjar, Khadija. "Comportement des parois de soutènement dans un contexte exceptionnel(grande profondeur, formations déformables, environnement sensible). : Application à la gare Fort d'Issy-Vanves-Clamart du Grand Paris Express et comparaison avec les mesures réalisées sur site." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI044/document.

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Dans le cadre du projet du Grand Paris Express, de nouvelles lignes de métro vont voir le jour afin d'accompagner la croissance du trafic et améliorer la performance du réseau de transport en Ile-de-France. Plusieurs gares de la nouvelle ligne 15 sud vont être excavées à des profondeurs importantes pouvant atteindre les 40m et soutenues par des parois moulées butonnées. Le recours à une modélisation aux éléments finis s'avère indispensable au vu du contexte exceptionnel du projet à savoir la maitrise de l'impact sur les avoisinants, la présence de formations peu perméables, surconsolidées et déformables (Argile Plastique) et la nécessité d'utiliser des modèles de sols avancés pour décrire le comportement du sol dans des plages de déformations caractéristiques des soutènements rigides.Ce travail de recherche vise à approfondir la compréhension du comportement des écrans de soutènement d’excavations profondes en analysant les limites des méthodes de modélisations à savoir la méthode des coefficients de réaction et la méthode des éléments finis et en confrontant leurs résultats avec des mesures fiables issues d’une excavation réelle. Une instrumentation avancée composée de fibre optique et de cellules de pressions a été mise en place dans la gare de Fort d’Issy-Vanves-Clamart et le retour d’expérience de cette dernière permet de statuer sur la pertinence des modélisations réalisées As part of the Grand Paris Express project, new subway lines will be created in order to support traffic growth and improve the performance of the transport network in the Ile-de-France region (France). Several stations of the new line 15 will be excavated at great depths up to 40m and supported by strutted retaining walls. The use of a finite element modeling is essential regarding the exceptional context of the project especially the impact on the surrounding structures, the presence of impervious soils, overconsolidated and deformable (Plastic Clay) and the need to use advanced constitutive models to describe the soils behavior in the typical strain ranges proper to rigid retaining walls.This research aims to deepen understanding of the behavior of retaining walls for deep excavations by analyzing the limitations of modelling namely finite element method and subgrade reaction method and by comparing their results with a real monitored excavation. An advanced monitoring based on fiber optic and pressure cells was set up in the station of Fort d’Issy-Vanves-Clamart and the measurements feedback allow assessing the relevance of the different adopted modellings

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Blanc, Philippe. "La Grande-Bretagne, le Nord et la Baltique du milieu du XIXe siècle jusqu'à la Première Guerre mondiale : des relations et un regard en évolution." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG037.

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Au milieu du XIXe siècle, la zone baltique est considérée par les Britanniques comme une périphérie lointaine et sous-développée, malgré l’existence de relations privilégiées liées à l’aura romantique de la Scandinavie, à l’importance économique de la région en tant que fournisseur de matières premières essentielles, et à sa position géographique, proche du rival russe du Grand Jeu. Au vu de ce lien particulier, du potentiel socioéconomique des pays nordiques, et de la nécessité de multiplier les débouchés commerciaux, les différents acteurs britanniques espèrent, après l’avènement du libéralisme, participer au développement de la région, et même en bénéficier sur le plan économique. Cependant, si la deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle voit effectivement de nombreux Britanniques, marchands, entrepreneurs, capitalistes, ou ingénieurs, contribuer activement à l’essor et à la modernisation des régions baltiques, les évolutions diplomatiques et économiques, marquées essentiellement par la montée en puissance de l’Allemagne, une stabilisation des relations avec la Russie et une balance commerciale obstinément déficitaire, conduisent la Grande-Bretagne à repenser son rôle régional en permanence jusqu’aux tensions internationales du début du XXe siècle By the middle of the 19th century, the Baltic area is regarded by the British as a far-off, underdeveloped periphery, although there exist privileged relationships linked to the romantic attraction of Scandinavia, the economic importance of the region as supplier of essential raw materials and its geographical location in the vicinity of the Russian rival of the Great Game. Considering this special link, the socio-economic potential of the Nordic countries, and the necessity to multiply Britain’s commercial outlets, the various British actors hope, after the advent of liberalism, to participate in the region’s development, and even benefit from it at economic level. Yet, if, during the second half of the nineteenth century, many British merchants, entrepreneurs, capitalists or engineers do take an active part in the takeoff and modernisation of the Baltic regions, diplomatic and economic developments, whose main features are a rising Germany, more stable relations with Russia, and a stubbornly negative trade balance, lead Britain to continually reconsider its regional role until the international tensions of the early twentieth century

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Bernard, Chrystelle. "Intégration dans un code éléments finis d'un modèle de comportement en grandes déformations pour les polymères amorphes : applications à une large gamme de vitesses de déformation et à la mise en forme." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAD018/document.

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De nos jours, de nombreuses pièces mécaniques sont fabriquées en polymères. Ces matériaux présentent un comportement complexe très sensible à la vitesse de déformation et à la température. De nombreux modèles de comportement mécanique, tenant compte de cette double sensibilité, ont été développés au cours des dernières années dans le but de décrire le comportement élasto-viscoplastique des polymères en grandes déformations sur de larges plages de vitesses de déformation et de températures. Afin de prévoir la tenue de pièces mécaniques en polymère soumises à un ensemble de sollicitations complexes, l'utilisation de méthodes numériques, telles que la méthode des Éléments Finis (EF), s'avèrent incontournables. Cependant, la qualité de la prévision numérique est fortement dépendante de la loi de comportement utilisée. Ainsi, nous proposons d'étudier deux modèles de comportement qui ont été introduits dans deux codes de calcul par EF : un modèle phénoménologique simple, introduit dans CAST3M, et un modèle micromécanique, introduit dans ABAQUS/Explicit. Le modèle phénoménologique permet de modéliser le comportement mécanique des polymères vitreux en petites déformations sur une plage de vitesses de déformation et de températures réduite. Un essai de compression reproduisant le dispositif des barres d'Hopkinson a été simulé pour plusieurs vitesses de déformation et températures. Une bonne corrélation a été trouvée entre résultats expérimentaux et les prévisions numériques. De plus, de rapides estimations du coefficient de Taylor-Quinney et de la contrainte à l'interface, liée au frottement entre l'échantillon et les barres de compression, ont pu être trouvées. Le modèle micromécanique décrit le comportement des polymères amorphes en grandes déformations sur de larges gammes de vitesses de déformation et de températures. Il a été développé au sein de notre équipe de recherche par Richeton et al. [Int. J. Solids Struct. 44 (2007) 7938] et propose une dépendance à la vitesse de déformation et à la température de différentes propriétés matériau (module élastique, contrainte seuil, durcissement structural). Afin de modéliser le comportement de structures polymères soumises à des chargements dynamiques ou à de la mise en forme, un sous-programme VUMAT est écrit. Après validation de l'intégration numérique du sous-programme sur des essais de compression/traction simple, deux applications ont été simulées. La première application a consisté en la modélisation d'un essai d'impact d'une plaque polymère par un projectile hémisphérique. La seconde application est un essai de forgeage à froid. Dans les deux cas, les prévisions numériques sont en accord avec les résultats expérimentaux issus de la littérature Nowadays, numerous structural parts are made in polymeric materials. These materials exhibit a complex behavior strongly sensitive to strain rate and temperature. Numerous constitutive equations have been developed during the last decades in order to describe the elastic-viscoplastic behavior of polymers in finite strain for a wide range of strain rates and temperature. To provide for the holding of mechanical parts polymer subject to a complex set of loads, the use of numerical methods, such as Finite Element (FE) method, is unavoidable. However, the quality of the numerical prediction is strongly dependent to the used constitutive equations. Thus, we proposed to study two models of mechanical behavior implemented in two FE softwares: a simple phenomenological model, introduced in CAST3M, and a micromechanical model, introduced in ABAQUS/Explicit. The phenomenological model allows simulating the mechanical behavior of glassy polymers in small strains over a reduced range of strain rates and temperatures. A compressive test reproducing the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar device is simulated for several strain rates and temperatures. A good correlation is found between experimental results and numerical predictions. Moreover, an estimation of Taylor-Quinney coefficient and the interfacial stress, due to the friction between the polymer sample and the compressive bars, have been found. The micromechanical model describes the mechanical behavior of amorphous polymers in finite strain over a wide range of strain rates and temperatures. It has been developed in our research team by Richeton et al. [Int. J. Solids Struct. 44 (2007) 7938] and proposes to take into account the strain rate and temperature dependence of various material properties (elastic modulus, yield stress, orientational hardening). In order to simulate the mechanical behaviour of polymeric structures under dynamic loadings or during forming processes, a VUMAT subroutine is written. After validation of the numerical implementation of the VUMAT subroutine for simple compressive/tensile tests, two applications were simulated. The first application is a normal impact test of a polymeric plate by a hemispherical projectile. The second application is a cold forging test. In both cases, numerical predictions are in agreement with the experimental results from the literature

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Bång, Öberg Fredrik, and Jonas Johansson. "Kvinnotyperna i Grand Theft Auto V : En narrativ analys av kvinnliga karaktärer i tv-spelet Grand Theft Auto V." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för konst, kommunikation och lärande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-68419.

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In the thesis, the authors investigate how the women in the videogame Grand Theft Auto V are being portrayed in three different walkthrough videos on YouTube. With the aid of theorist Mieke Bal and her narratology terms, the authors of the thesis can examine the characters. The academic theories used for the thesis are gender, representation, videogame and the male gaze, as well as narratology. The issues being handled in this study are meant to answer how the portrayal of women characters are, and how the different portrayals differ from the represented characters. The third issue describes how women are being treated by the protagonists in the videogame. Over the course of the study, the authors found that the majority of the characters are described as flat in the videogame, and maintains a stereotypical image. This stereotypical portrayal commence from sexual references and treatment from the protagonists. However, a few characters can be described as round. These characters develops with time. There are also examples from the study that shows that there are characters who portray a dominant personality, therefore breaking the common pattern.

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Dang, Quang Vinh. "Évaluation de la confiance dans la collaboration à large échelle." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0002/document.

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Les systèmes collaboratifs à large échelle, où un grand nombre d’utilisateurs collaborent pour réaliser une tâche partagée, attirent beaucoup l’attention des milieux industriels et académiques. Bien que la confiance soit un facteur primordial pour le succès d’une telle collaboration, il est difficile pour les utilisateurs finaux d’évaluer manuellement le niveau de confiance envers chaque partenaire. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions le problème de l’évaluation de la confiance et cherchons à concevoir un modèle de confiance informatique dédiés aux systèmes collaboratifs. Nos travaux s’organisent autour des trois questions de recherche suivantes. 1. Quel est l’effet du déploiement d’un modèle de confiance et de la représentation aux utilisateurs des scores obtenus pour chaque partenaire ? Nous avons conçu et organisé une expérience utilisateur basée sur le jeu de confiance qui est un protocole d’échange d’argent en environnement contrôlé dans lequel nous avons introduit des notes de confiance pour les utilisateurs. L’analyse détaillée du comportement des utilisateurs montre que: (i) la présentation d’un score de confiance aux utilisateurs encourage la collaboration entre eux de manière significative, et ce, à un niveau similaire à celui de l’affichage du surnom des participants, et (ii) les utilisateurs se conforment au score de confiance dans leur prise de décision concernant l’échange monétaire. Les résultats suggèrent donc qu’un modèle de confiance peut être déployé dans les systèmes collaboratifs afin d’assister les utilisateurs. 2. Comment calculer le score de confiance entre des utilisateurs qui ont déjà collaboré ? Nous avons conçu un modèle de confiance pour les jeux de confiance répétés qui calcule les scores de confiance des utilisateurs en fonction de leur comportement passé. Nous avons validé notre modèle de confiance en relativement à: (i) des données simulées, (ii) de l’opinion humaine et (iii) des données expérimentales réelles. Nous avons appliqué notre modèle de confiance à Wikipédia en utilisant la qualité des articles de Wikipédia comme mesure de contribution. Nous avons proposé trois algorithmes d’apprentissage automatique pour évaluer la qualité des articles de Wikipédia: l’un est basé sur une forêt d’arbres décisionnels tandis que les deux autres sont basés sur des méthodes d’apprentissage profond. 3. Comment prédire la relation de confiance entre des utilisateurs qui n’ont pas encore interagi ? Etant donné un réseau dans lequel les liens représentent les relations de confiance/défiance entre utilisateurs, nous cherchons à prévoir les relations futures. Nous avons proposé un algorithme qui prend en compte les informations temporelles relatives à l’établissement des liens dans le réseau pour prédire la relation future de confiance/défiance des utilisateurs. L’algorithme proposé surpasse les approches de la littérature pour des jeux de données réels provenant de réseaux sociaux dirigés et signés Large-scale collaborative systems wherein a large number of users collaborate to perform a shared task attract a lot of attention from both academic and industry. Trust is an important factor for the success of a large-scale collaboration. It is difficult for end-users to manually assess the trust level of each partner in this collaboration. We study the trust assessment problem and aim to design a computational trust model for collaborative systems. We focused on three research questions. 1. What is the effect of deploying a trust model and showing trust scores of partners to users? We designed and organized a user-experiment based on trust game, a well-known money-exchange lab-control protocol, wherein we introduced user trust scores. Our comprehensive analysis on user behavior proved that: (i) showing trust score to users encourages collaboration between them significantly at a similar level with showing nick- name, and (ii) users follow the trust score in decision-making. The results suggest that a trust model can be deployed in collaborative systems to assist users. 2. How to calculate trust score between users that experienced a collaboration? We designed a trust model for repeated trust game that computes user trust scores based on their past behavior. We validated our trust model against: (i) simulated data, (ii) human opinion, and (iii) real-world experimental data. We extended our trust model to Wikipedia based on user contributions to the quality of the edited Wikipedia articles. We proposed three machine learning approaches to assess the quality of Wikipedia articles: the first one based on random forest with manually-designed features while the other two ones based on deep learning methods. 3. How to predict trust relation between users that did not interact in the past? Given a network in which the links represent the trust/distrust relations between users, we aim to predict future relations. We proposed an algorithm that takes into account the established time information of the links in the network to predict future user trust/distrust relationships. Our algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art approaches on real-world signed directed social network datasets

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Mahfoud, Ali. "L'experimentation architecturale des gares en Europe : interaction entre image, usage et technique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG036.

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La gare est une charnière entre les techniques liées aux transports et les lieux qu'elle dessert. Elle profite aujourd'hui de son image pour marquer des nouveaux symboles dans la ville tout en assurant la qualité et l'originalité de ses espaces pour s'adapter à l'évolution des modes de vie, des temporalités et des mobilités urbaines. Les villes européennes sont à nouveau perçues à partir de leur gare. Compte-tenu de leur taille et de leur organisation spatiale, ainsi que de la complexité des rapports qu'elles instaurent avec les quartiers environnants, les gares européennes d'aujourd'hui sont a considérer comme des lieux à fort potentiel expérimental qui reflètent à la fois les avancées techniques et leur traduction dans des espaces de qualité. Cette étude se centralise autour de la question de I' « Europe de la grande vitesse » et des exemples innovants et intéressants des nouveaux bâtiments qui la symbolisent. Elle vise à comprendre les programmes les plus innovants en termes d'interaction entre technique, image et usage. Quelles sont donc les leçons de leur histoire et comment les gares sont-elles intégrées dans leurs contextes urbains ? Et aussi quelles techniques et programmes architecturaux pourraient être les plus adaptés à la prochaine évolution des transports pour les pays qui n'ont pas encore investi dans les réseaux ferrés ? The railway station is a hinge between the techniques related to transport and the places it serves. Today, it benefits from its image to mark new symbols in the city while ensuring the quality and originality of its spaces to adapt to changing lifestyles, temporalities and urban mobility. European cities are again perceived from their train station. Given their size and spatial organization, as well as the complexity of the relationships they establish with the surrounding neighborhoods, today's European railway stations are to be considered as places with high experimental potential which reflect the time technical advances and their translation into spaces of quality.This study is centered around the question of "Europe of high speed" and innovative and interesting examples of new buildings that symbolize it. lt aims to understand the most innovative programs in terms of interaction between technique, image and use. What are the lessons of their history and how are the stations integrated in their urban contexts ? And also what architectural techniques and programs couId be most suitable for the next evolution of transport for countries that have not yet invested in rail networks ?

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Bonnard, Jennifer. "Génération d'images 3D HDR." Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIMS014/document.

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L’imagerie HDR et l’imagerie 3D sont deux domaines dont l’évolution simultanée mais indépendante n’a cessé de croître ces dernières années. D’une part, l’imagerie HDR (High Dynamic Range) permet d’étendre la gamme dynamique de couleur des images conventionnelles dites LDR (Low Dynamic Range). D’autre part, l’imagerie 3D propose une immersion dans le film projeté avec cette impression de faire partie de la scène tournée. Depuis peu, ces deux domaines sont conjugués pour proposer des images ou vidéos 3D HDR mais peu de solutions viables existent et aucune n’est accessible au grand public. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous proposons une méthode de génération d’images 3D HDR pour une visualisation sur écrans autostéréoscopiques en adaptant une caméra multi-points de vue à l’acquisition d’expositions multiples. Pour cela, des filtres à densité neutre sont fixés sur les objectifs de la caméra. Ensuite, un appareillement des pixels homologues permet l’agrégation des pixels représentant le même point dans la scène acquise. Finalement, l’attribution d’une valeur de radiance est calculée pour chaque pixel du jeud’images considéré par moyenne pondérée des valeurs LDR des pixels homologues. Une étape supplémentaire est nécessaire car certains pixels ont une radiance erronée. Nous proposons une méthode basée surla couleur des pixels voisins puis deux méthodes basées sur la correction de la disparité des pixels dontla radiance est erronée. La première est basée sur la disparité des pixels du voisinage et la seconde sur la disparité calculée indépendamment sur chaque composante couleur. Ce pipeline permet la générationd’une image HDR par point de vue. Un algorithme de tone-mapping est ensuite appliqué à chacune d’elles afin qu’elles puissent être composées avec les filtres correspondants à l’écran autostéréoscopique considéré pour permettre la visualisation de l’image 3D HDR HDR imaging and 3D imaging are two areas in which the simultaneous but separate development has been growing in recent years. On the one hand, HDR (High Dynamic Range) imaging allows to extend the dynamic range of traditionnal images called LDR (Low Dynamic Range). On the other hand, 3Dimaging offers immersion in the shown film with the feeling to be part of the acquired scene. Recently, these two areas have been combined to provide 3D HDR images or videos but few viable solutions existand none of them is available to the public. In this thesis, we propose a method to generate 3D HDR images for autostereoscopic displays by adapting a multi-viewpoints camera to several exposures acquisition.To do that, neutral density filters are fixed on the objectives of the camera. Then, pixel matchingis applied to aggregate pixels that represent the same point in the acquired scene. Finally, radiance is calculated for each pixel of the set of images by using a weighted average of LDR values. An additiona lstep is necessary because some pixels have wrong radiance. We proposed a method based on the color of adjacent pixels and two methods based on the correction of the disparity of those pixels. The first method is based on the disparity of pixels of the neighborhood and the second method on the disparity independently calculated on each color channel. This pipeline allows the generation of 3D HDR image son each viewpoint. A tone-mapping algorithm is then applied on each of these images. Their composition with filters corresponding to the autostereoscopic screen used allows the visualization of the generated 3DHDR image

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Torcato, Carlos Eduardo Martins. "A repressão oficial ao jogo do bicho : uma história dos jogos de azar em Porto Alegre (1885-1917)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/37293.

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A presente dissertação aborda a relação que se estabeleceu entre as práticas dos jogos de azar e o papel dessas práticas nos debates públicos sobre a modernização. Foram dois tipos de fontes primárias analisadas: os discursos legislativos proferidos no campo político e as fontes da polícia e da justiça criminal, estas últimas retratando a repressão às práticas lúdicas. Percebeu-se que, entre os jogos de azar perseguidos, o jogo do bicho assumiu um lugar de destaque no conjunto da documentação. O problema social dos jogos de azar, entretanto, remonta ao século XIX. Desde essa época esses jogos se apresentam tanto como incitadores de códigos de virilidade (compartilhados inclusive com a polícia), quanto como um delicado problema público, pois era imoral o Estado lucrar com o vício através das loterias. O jogo do bicho canaliza a atenção das autoridades a partir do final do século XIX, graças a sua popularidade e a sua abrangência nacional. Entre 1904-6, ocorreu uma campanha repressiva ao jogo do bicho, em Porto Alegre, que colocou em evidência as formas de controle social existentes naquela época. As mudanças na polícia e na justiça criminal promovidas pelo governo do Rio Grande do Sul, em fins do século XIX, ampliaram o poder de penalização do Estado através do fortalecimento das autoridades policiais. Percebeu-se, também, que as autoridades policiais que comandavam as ações repressivas, posteriormente, se aliaram aos banqueiros perseguidos durante a campanha de 1904-6, o que denota a corrupção policial. This dissertation addresses the relationship established between the practices of gambling and the role of these practices in public debates on modernization. Two types of primary sources were analyzed: the legal speeches made in the political field and the sources of police and criminal justice, the latter depicting the repression of recreational practices. It was noticed that, among the persecuted gambling games, the numbers game (Brazilian jogo do bicho) was placed in an outstanding position according to the analyzed documentation. The social problem of gambling, however, dates back to the Nineteenth Century. Since that time these games are seen both as instigators of codes of masculinity (inclusively shared with the police), and as a delicate public issue, since it was immoral for the State to make profit through the lotteries. The numbers game became one of the main authorities’ concerns from the end of the Nineteenth Century on due to its popularity and its national scope. Between 1904-1906, there was a repressive campaign against the numbers game in Porto Alegre (southern Brazil), which highlighted the forms of social control existing at the time. The changes in police and in the criminal justice promoted by the government of the State of Rio Grande do Sul in the late Nineteenth Century increased the State’s power to penalize by strengthening police authorities. It was also noticed that the police authorities who commanded the crackdown later allied themselves with the bankers who were pursued during the campaign of 1904-1906, which denotes police corruption.

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Valenzuela, Tainá Severo. "JOGOS E ENSINO DE HISTÓRIA: UMA PROPOSTA DE RECONHECIMENTO DO PATRIMÔNIO CULTURAL ATRAVÉS DOS 7 POVOS DAS MISSÕES." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/11040.

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This paper presents the structure and development of an online game that aims to be used as an educational support for teachers, students and other people interested in themes related to the History of Missions in Rio Grande do Sul. The game takes place inciting a critical assessment of their player, in a process where they can understand the history through its society and its cultural relations. This work was triggered by an investigation made in textbooks published by differentes editors in Brazil and in tests applied in competition of Prendas and Peões promoted by Gaucho Traditionalist Movement (MTG) that made us conclude that the history of the Jesuit Missions that unfolded in the territory where today is the Rio Grande do Sul (known as the history of "7 Missionarie People ") has been taught and played in a vulgar way, without exploring the cultural and social procedures which the history has. We demonstrate how we understand the missionary period, within the social relations developed, the specific cultural characteristics of the period, the human condition that pervade it and any historical moment. Este trabalho apresenta a estrutura e desenvolvimento de um jogo online que visa ser utilizado como suporte didático para professores, alunos e interessados nas questões referentes à História das Missões no Rio Grande do Sul. O jogo transcorre instigando uma avaliação crítica do seu jogador, em um processo onde possa compreender a história através de sua sociedade e de suas relações culturais. Este trabalho surgiu em função de uma investigação feita em livros didáticos de diversas editoras que circulam pelo Brasil e em provas de concursos de prendas e peões promovidos pelo Movimento Tradicionalista Gaúcho, que nos fizeram concluir que a história das Missões Jesuíticas que se desenrolou no território onde hoje é o Rio Grande do Sul (conhecida como a história dos 7 Povos das Missões ) tem sido ensinada e reproduzida de forma vulgar e sem explorar os trâmites culturais e sociais do qual a história dispõe. Demonstramos a forma como compreendemos o período missioneiro, dentro das relações sociais desenvolvidas, das especificidades culturais que se fizeram características do período e das condições humanas que permeiam este e qualquer momento histórico.

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Pibernat, Jérôme. "Conception d'une électronique de traitement de signaux de forte dynamique issus d'une chambre à projection temporelle." Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13600.

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La mise en évidence de décroissances radioactives à plusieurs particules nécessite un détecteur multi-trace tel qu'une chambre à projection temporelle (TPC) dont le point de fonctionnement peut-être réglé selon la nature des éléments étudiés. La modélisation électrique d'un détecteur de ce type révèle qu'en fonction des conditions d'utilisation et de la nature des éléments étudiés, la dynamique des signaux générés peut s'élever au-delà de cinq ordres de grandeur. Un système de traitement spécifiquement dédié à cette application doit donc être étudié. Pour satisfaire aux contraintes du matériel expériemental, ce système doit être intégré et son architecture fonctionnelle doit être semblable à celle du prototype présenté. La topologie de l'étage d'entrée du prototype restreint la dynamique de traitement. La solution étudiée pour résoudre ce problème consite à substituer cet étage par un circuit convoyeur de courant de deuxième génération (CCII) à sorties multiples. L'étude de sa linéarité conduit à envisager l'amplitude maximale des signaux qu'il est apte à traiter. Une dynamique supérieure à 1. 10(exposant 5) est atteinte en simulation, en réalisant des circuits de filtrage adapté. L'optimisation de ce convoyeur et des filtres permettrait d'augmenter encore cette dynamique The emphasis on many-particles radioactive decays requires a tracking detector like a Time Projection Chamber (TPC), which operating point can be set in accordance with the nucleides analyzed. The electrical model of such a detector reveals that, depending on its operating conditions and the nature of elements under study, the signals dynamic range can be up to more than five orders of magnitude. Consequently, an application specific processing system has to be designed. To meet the requirements of the experimental equipment, this system muste be integrated and its functional architecture muste be similar to the one of the prototype presented. The topology of the input stage of the protoype narrows the dynamics of the processing. The solution suffested to solve this problem consists in substituting this stage by a second generation current conveyor (CCII) with multiple outputs. The study of its linearity leads to predict the highest signal amplitude that it's able to process. A dynamic range greater than 1. 10(5) obtained in simulation with adapted filters. Optimization of this conveyor and filters coukd lead to extend even more this dynamic range

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Perrin, Julie. "La territorialisation des gares franciliennes de la grande vitesse ferroviaire face aux mutations du modèle TGV : Une analyse par la desserte du cas de Marne-la-Vallée Chessy." Thesis, Paris Est, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PESC2032.

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Le système ferroviaire à grande vitesse français a participé à des recompositions spatiales et territoriales. L’expansion du réseau a accompagné le développement de gares nouvelles dont les enjeux d’insertion territoriale ont fait l’objet de nombreuses recherches. L’Île-de-France, cœur du réseau, est, paradoxalement, un territoire peu étudié. Cette thèse propose une analyse de la territorialisation des gares TGV franciliennes (entendues en dehors de Paris), en s’intéressant plus spécifiquement au cas de la gare de Marne-la-Vallée Chessy. Cette étude est conduite au regard des évolutions du modèle TGV : développement du modèle de desserte « intersecteur » puis des offres ferroviaires à grande vitesse low cost (Ouigo).Trois approches croisées permettent d’appréhender l’insertion territoriale de la gare : une analyse des systèmes d’acteurs du transport et de l’aménagement ; l’étude de la capacité relationnelle de la gare et de sa fréquentation ; l’analyse des pratiques des voyageurs (mobilités touristiques).La thèse apporte un éclairage inédit sur la façon dont l’objet « grande vitesse ferroviaire » est saisi, ou non, dans les projets d’aménagement régionaux. Cette recherche documente la façon dont le rapport à la centralité parisienne a été un levier dans la conduite du projet d’Interconnexion TGV et ses trois objets imbriqués : ligne (réseau-support), modèle de desserte (réseau-service) et gare (nœud-lieu). Les logiques nationales et interrégionales qui ont progressivement dominé la lecture du projet masquent un doublement du rapport à la centralité parisienne à l’échelle infrarégionale ainsi que des enjeux de recompositions spatiales plus complexes. Le développement de l’offre Ouigo participe d’une évolution du rôle de porte d’entrée de Marne-la-Vallée Chessy et d’une complexification des dynamiques territoriales dont la gare est l’interface. Les évolutions liées à Ouigo ne se limitent pas à Marne-la-Vallée Chessy, et la thèse apporte des connaissances sur les nouvelles répartitions fonctionnelles entre les gares parisiennes et les gares TGV franciliennes. Elle offre également une première analyse des évolutions du modèle de desserte intersecteur suite à l’arrivée Ouigo, et plus largement de l’organisation de l’offre TGV en France Abstract: The French high-speed rail (HSR) system has contributed to spatial and territorial restructuring. The expansion of the network accompanied the development of new stations. The territorial integration of these stations has been extensively researched, except in the Île-de-France region, at the core of the rail network. Focusing on the case of Marne-la-Vallée Chessy station, this thesis analyses the territorialisation of the Île-de-France HSR stations (located on the outskirts of Paris) in view of the evolution of the TGV model: the development of a TGV offer bypassing the centre of Paris (TGV intersecteur) in the 1980s and more recently of new low-cost HSR services (Ouigo).This study articulates three approaches to understand the territorial integration of this station: an analysis of stakeholders in the field of transport and urban development; the study of the relational capacity of the station and its traffic; and the analysis of users’ practices (tourist mobility).This work sheds new light on the way regional development projects consider, or fail to consider, on HSR. This research documents how the relationship with the Parisian centrality has been a lever in the management of the HSR Interconnexion project and its three interlocking objects: line (network-support), service model (network-service) and station (node-place). Contrasting with the national and interregional logics which have gradually come to dominate the reading of the project, we identify a twofold relationship to the Parisian centrality on a sub-regional scale and uncover complex spatial restructuring issues. The development of the Ouigo offer has contributed to an evolution of the role of Marne-la-Vallée Chessy as a gateway to the city, with a complexification of territorial dynamics of which the station is the interface. The evolutions related to Ouigo are not limited to Marne-la-Vallée Chessy, and the thesis provides insights on the new functional distribution between Paris inner-city stations and Île-de-France HSR stations. It also provides an initial analysis of the changes in the offer of TGV services bypassing Paris, and of the organisation of the TGV offer in France, following the start of Ouigo services

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García, Hugo. "Detrás de la imagen de la ciudad virreinal: sujeto, violencia y fragmentación." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1155586392.

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Hoock, Jean-Baptiste. "Contributions to Simulation-based High-dimensional Sequential Decision Making." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00912338.

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My thesis is entitled "Contributions to Simulation-based High-dimensional Sequential Decision Making". The context of the thesis is about games, planning and Markov Decision Processes. An agent interacts with its environment by successively making decisions. The agent starts from an initial state until a final state in which the agent can not make decision anymore. At each timestep, the agent receives an observation of the state of the environment. From this observation and its knowledge, the agent makes a decision which modifies the state of the environment. Then, the agent receives a reward and a new observation. The goal is to maximize the sum of rewards obtained during a simulation from an initial state to a final state. The policy of the agent is the function which, from the history of observations, returns a decision. We work in a context where (i) the number of states is huge, (ii) reward carries little information, (iii) the probability to reach quickly a good final state is weak and (iv) prior knowledge is either nonexistent or hardly exploitable. Both applications described in this thesis present these constraints : the game of Go and a 3D simulator of the european project MASH (Massive Sets of Heuristics). In order to take a satisfying decision in this context, several solutions are brought : 1. Simulating with the compromise exploration/exploitation (MCTS) 2. Reducing the complexity by local solving (GoldenEye) 3. Building a policy which improves itself (RBGP) 4. Learning prior knowledge (CluVo+GMCTS) Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is the state of the art for the game of Go. From a model of the environment, MCTS builds incrementally and asymetrically a tree of possible futures by performing Monte-Carlo simulations. The tree starts from the current observation of the agent. The agent switches between the exploration of the model and the exploitation of decisions which statistically give a good cumulative reward. We discuss 2 ways for improving MCTS : the parallelization and the addition of prior knowledge. The parallelization does not solve some weaknesses of MCTS; in particular some local problems remain challenges. We propose an algorithm (GoldenEye) which is composed of 2 parts : detection of a local problem and then its resolution. The algorithm of resolution reuses some concepts of MCTS and it solves difficult problems of a classical database. The addition of prior knowledge by hand is laborious and boring. We propose a method called Racing-based Genetic Programming (RBGP) in order to add automatically prior knowledge. The strong point is that RBGP rigorously validates the addition of a prior knowledge and RBGP can be used for building a policy (instead of only optimizing an algorithm). In some applications such as MASH, simulations are too expensive in time and there is no prior knowledge and no model of the environment; therefore Monte-Carlo Tree Search can not be used. So that MCTS becomes usable in this context, we propose a method for learning prior knowledge (CluVo). Then we use pieces of prior knowledge for improving the rapidity of learning of the agent and for building a model, too. We use from this model an adapted version of Monte-Carlo Tree Search (GMCTS). This method solves difficult problems of MASH and gives good results in an application to a word game.

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Pérez, Latorre Óliver. "Análisis de la significación del videojuego. Fundamentos teóricos del juego, el mundo narrativo y la enunciación interactiva como perspectivas de estudio del discurso." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7273.

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Esta Tesis Doctoral tiene como objeto de estudio la significación de los videojuegos. Si la forma en la que, desde niños, construimos universos de valores y damos sentido a nuestras vidas está indisolublemente unida a los medios y las obras de la cultura de masas, el estudio de los modos de significación del videojuego requiere, hoy en día, un desarrollo en profundidad. En relación con ello, el principal resultado de esta investigación consiste en la fundamentación teórica y metodológica de tres modelos de análisis del videojuego como discurso: un modelo de estructuras lúdicas, un modelo del discurso como universo narrativo y un modelo de enunciación interactiva. Asimismo, se ofrece una sistematización de los códigos de significación que conforman el lenguaje del diseño de videojuegos. Estos modelos constituyen una aportación metodológica innovadora a la Teoría del Videojuego y al Análisis del Discurso. Las fuentes teóricas y metodológicas fundamentales del trabajo son la Semiótica, la Ludología y la Narratología. La aplicación empírica de los modelos de análisis propuestos se centra en ejemplos y estudios de caso de videojuegos figurativos/narrativos, pero los modelos han sido construidos pensando en su posible utilidad para el análisis de un amplio espectro de videojuegos y otro tipo de textualidades colindantes, como los mundos narrativos de la literatura y las series televisivas. Finalmente, se cierra la investigación con dos estudios de caso donde se prueba el sistema teórico en su conjunto, sobre los videojuegos Ico (2001) y Shadow of the Colossus (2005), ambos del diseñador Fumito Ueda. The object of study in this Doctoral Dissertation is the signification of videogames. Since early childhood, the way we construct universes of values and make sense of our lifes is closely related to the media and works of mass culture. Therefore, the study of the modes of signification of videogames requires to be fully developed. According to that, this research provides the theoretical and methodological fundamentals of three models of analysis of videogame as discourse: a model of ludic structures, a model of discourse as narrative universe and a model of interactive "énonciation". Besides that, a systematization of the main signification codes which compose the language of videogame design is carried out. These models constitute an innovative methodological contribution to Videogame Theory and Discourse Analysis. The theoretical and methodological framework of the research is built upon Semiotics, Ludology and Narratology. The empirical application of the proposed analytical models is focused on examples and case studies of figurative/narrative videogames. Nevertheless, the models have been constructed bearing in mind their possible utility for the analysis of a broad spectrum of videogames and other kinds of close textualities, like the narrative worlds from literature or television series. At the end of the research, the theoretical system is tested as a whole in two case studies: Ico (2001) and Shadow of the Colossus (2005). Both videogames have been designed by Fumito Ueda.

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Grézaud, Romain. "Commande de composants grand gap dans un convertisseur de puisance synchrone sans diodes." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT107/document.

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Les composants de puissance grand gap présentent d'ores et déjà des caractéristiques statiques et dynamiques supérieures à leurs homologues en silicium. Mais ces composants d'un nouvel ordre s'accompagnent de différences susceptibles de modifier le fonctionnement de la cellule de commutation. Les travaux qui furent menés au cours de cette thèse se sont intéressés aux composants grand gap et à leur commande au sein d'un convertisseur de puissance synchrone robuste, haut rendement et haute densité de puissance. En particulier deux points critiques ont été identifiés et étudiés. Le premier est la grande sensibilité des composants grand gap aux composants parasites. Le second est l'absence de diode parasite interne entre le drain et la source de nombreux transistors grand gap. Pour répondre aux exigences de ces nouveaux composants et en tirer le meilleur profit, nous proposons des solutions innovantes, robustes, efficaces et directement intégrables aux circuits de commande. Des circuits de commande entièrement intégrés ont ainsi été conçus spécifiquement pour les composants grand gap. Ceux-ci permettent entre autres le contrôle précis des formes de commutation par l'adaptation de l'impédance de grille, et l'amélioration de l'efficacité énergétique et de la robustesse d'un convertisseur de puissance à base de composants grand sans diodes par une gestion dynamique et locale de temps morts très courts Wide band gap devices already demonstrate static and dynamic performances better than silicon transistors. Compared to conventional silicon devices these new wide band gap transistors have some different characteristics that may affect power converter operations. The work presented in this PhD manuscript deals with a specific gate drive circuit for a robust, high power density and high efficiency wide band gap devices-based power converter. Two critical points have been especially studied. The first point is the higher sensitivity of wide band gap transistors to parasitic components. The second point is the lack of parasitic body diode between drain and source of HEMT GaN and JFET SiC. In order to drive these new power devices in the best way we propose innovative, robust and efficient solutions. Fully integrated gate drive circuits have been specifically developed for wide band gap devices. An adaptive output impedance gate driver provides an accurate control of wide band gap device switching waveforms directly on its gate side. Another gate drive circuit improves efficiency and reliability of diode-less wide band gap devices-based power converters thanks to an auto-adaptive and local dead-time management

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Carrouet, Guillaume. "Du TGV Rhin-Rhône au "Territoire" Rhin-Rhône : réticularité, mobilité et territorialité dans un espace intermédiaire." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838028.

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La grande vitesse ferroviaire, destinée à réduire les distances-temps entre les grandes métropoles françaises et européennes, conduit à inscrire les espaces intermédiaires dans une situation peu favorable. Fortement polarisé par les grands foyers urbains qui l'encadrent, ce type d'espace est généralement réduit à son unique statut d'aire de transit. Pourtant, la branche Est, premier tronçon du projet de LGV Rhin-Rhône, de par sa dimension régionale, constitue le facteur d'émergence d'un processus de territorialisation de l'aire Rhin-Rhône. Ainsi, l'arrivée de la grande vitesse ferroviaire est à l'origine de la création d'un réseau de villes qui s'étend de Dijon à Bâle. Pour répondre à cette problématique territoriale, l'analyse fine des configurations spatiales, enrichie par l'approche des représentations, permet de voir dans quelle mesure l'aire Rhin-Rhône est, à l'heure actuelle, dépourvue d'une dimension territoriale. Ensuite, l'entrée par les configurations des réseaux de transport et les pratiques de mobilité permettent de voir comment le projet de LGV Rhin-Rhône s'insère au sein de l'aire d'étude. Enfin, les trois formes d'appropriation choisies : les jeux d'acteurs dans la définition du tracé, les projets de valorisation et les stratégies de promotion territoriale associées à la nouvelle offre ferroviaire, visent à montrer comment les perceptions des gains d'accessibilité par les acteurs locaux peuvent conduire à inscrire l'aire Rhin-Rhône dans un processus de territorialisation. Cette recherche met en évidence la difficile adaptation de la grande vitesse ferroviaire à la desserte des espaces intermédiaires. La localisation des nouvelles gares TGV en périphérie des agglomérations franc-comtoises et la construction de deux contournements ferroviaires aux extrémités de la LGV, constituent des freins au développement de la grande vitesse régionale, condition pourtant nécessaire au fonctionnement territorial de l'aire Rhin-Rhône. En plus d'être un facteur du renforcement de la situation intermédiaire de l'aire Rhin-Rhône, la branche Est exacerbe les concurrences et rivalités entre territoires. En témoigne la redondance des projets de valorisation destinés à accueillir des activités tertiaires, les agglomérations, séparées seulement d'une centaine de kilomètres, adoptant des stratégies similaires. Si l'analyse de l'insertion de la branche Est au sein de l'aire Rhin-Rhône souligne la rigidité du modèle français à grande vitesse, ce cas d'étude fournit des pistes de réflexion sur l'élaboration des futurs projets de LGV, dont la réalisation sera étroitement dépendante du soutien financier des collectivités territoriales.

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Tippner, Jeffrey E. "The Third World evangelical missiology of Orlando E. Costas." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3278.

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This thesis examines the missiological writings of Orlando E. Costas (1943-1987), particularly The Church and Its Mission: A Shattering Critique from the Third World (1974); Theology of the Crossroads in Contemporary Latin America (1976); Christ Outside the Gate (1982); and Liberating News: A Theology of Contextual Evangelization (1989). From the early 1970s until his death in 1987 he wrote over 130 articles and 12 books in both Spanish and English that addressed key missiological concerns. A careful reading of a selection of Costas's texts oriented around a hymn, a gospel song, a psalm, and a poem provides the shape of this thesis. This thesis argues that Costas formulated a Third World evangelical missiology. Chapter one investigates what Costas's autobiographical material expressed about his positions on conversion, Protestant evangelicalism, missiology, and those living on the ‘periphery' of life. Chapter two recognises his commitment to the peoples of Latin America and the Caribbean in particular and the Third World in general. Chapter three explores Costas's analysis of the Latin American Protestant Church in a revolutionary situation in the continent and chapter four examines his survey and critical appraisal of Latin American liberation theology. Chapter five recognizes the pastoral shape of Costas's missiology. Chapter six explores his critical interaction with two more conservative evangelical missiological positions, the Church Growth Movement and Peter Beyerhaus and the Frankfurt Declaration, and chapter seven surveys the discussion within the international evangelical community regarding the relationship between evangelism and social responsibility. Chapter eight examines Costas's Liberating News as an expression of Third World evangelical missiology. Chapter nine considers the theological issue of penal substitutionary atonement and his missiology. The thesis concludes with an appraisal of the issues and contributions of Costas's Third World evangelical missiology to current missiological discussion.

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Teasley, Rebecca Lynn. "Evaluating water resource management in transboundary river basins using cooperative game theory : the Rio Grande/Bravo basin." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/6561.

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Water resource management is a multifaceted issue that becomes more complex when considering multiple nations’ interdependence upon a single shared transboundary river basin. With over 200 transboundary river basins worldwide shared by two or more countries, it is important to develop tools to allow riparian countries to cooperatively manage these shared and often limited water resources. Cooperative game theory provides tools for determining if cooperation can exist across jurisdictional boundaries through a suite of mathematical tools that measure the benefits of cooperation among basin stakeholders. Cooperative game theory is also useful for transboundary negotiation because it provides a range of solutions which will satisfy all players in the game and provides methods to fairly and equitably allocate the gains of that cooperation to all participating stakeholders, if that cooperation is shown to be possible. This dissertation applies cooperative game theory concepts to the Rio Grande/Bravo basin in North America as a case study. The Rio Grande/Bravo forms the 1,200 km border between the United States and Mexico. A comprehensive water resources planning model was developed for the basin including the major water users, water related infrastructure including reservoirs, and water policy logic related to the bi-national water sharing agreements. The water planning model is used to calculate the characteristic functions for the cooperative game analysis. For the Water Demand Reduction Game, the largest agricultural users, District 005, District 025 and the Texas Watermaster Section below Falcon were defined individual players. The cooperative analysis was between the individual players rather than the countries. In addition to the cooperative analysis, performance measures for water deliveries were calculated to determine if water delivery was improved to each player under the cooperative game. The results show that the amount of additional water to the downstream players may not be large enough to induce cooperation. The small amount of increase in water deliveries is related to the large system losses as the water travels downstream over a long distance and a division of water under the 1944 Treaty between the United States and Mexico. text

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Tumurkhuu, Gereltsetseg. "Geologický a geofyzikální průzkum kokonínského zlomu pro stavební pozemky (Jablonec n. Nisou, ČR)." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-345294.

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Radioactivity is an important part of the environment. In the years 2014 - 2015 a survey on medicinal radioactive springs was carried out in the Tanvald granite body. During extensive radiohydrogeochemical exploration in the surrounding area of Schindler spring, the outcrop of U - mineralization has been found at a new construction site in the Kokonín fault. It is possible to find "hot" pieces of uranium ore fragments in the quaternary cover in this place. The occurrence of the hydrothermal (vein) type of uranium in the Krkonoše - Jizera is new as it hasn't been mentioned in literatures before. After an agreement with the owners, detailed radiometric survey proceeded in the surrounding area of two affected houses by using gamma spectrometry and emanometry at the dense net. There is a wider area between two houses with activities of 222 Rn over 1 MBq/m3 and on the ore outcrop was measured 3.3 MBq/m3 . A quaternary solifluction flow with an increased radioactivity creeps down under the House 1. The highest uranium contents reached up to 291 ppm eU (= 3 595 Bq/kg 226 Ra) on the uranium ore lens outcrop. The average of gamma dose rate is 85,6 nGy/h with maximem 261 nGy/h on the outcrop. A further radiometric survey through the entire Kokonín fault line was carried out in an area of roughly 0.25 x 1 km2...

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Lounnas, Djallil. "La sécurité collective dans l’unipolarité : la crise nucléaire iranienne." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4513.

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L’argument central de notre thèse est qu’une structure internationale unipolaire non hégémonique favorise la sécurité collective. Après avoir montré que telle est la structure actuelle et avoir justifié notre positionnement théorique néolibéral, nous avons eu recours au modèle d’interaction du « leader-suiveur de Stackelberg », pour démontrer qu’une coopération conflictuelle entre États rationnels est possible, ce qui leur permet de surmonter leur dilemme de l’action collective. Une coopération possible en raison de l’existence d’un intérêt mutuel et d’un leader favorisant la coopération entre ces États, ainsi que de conditions leur permettant de mettre en place une ‘stratégie de la réciprocité’. Ils forment alors ce qu’on appelle le « groupe de Stackelberg ». Le suiveur de la périphérie, ou ‘défecteur’ doit, pour sa part, non seulement s’ajuster à l’intérêt mutuel ainsi défini, mais aussi coopérer et négocier avec le groupe, et ce, sous la pression de sanctions, voire d’un usage ultime de la force si besoin est. Après l’éventuel succès de ces négociations, un équilibre de Stackelberg favorisé par le leader, soit la puissance unipolaire et non hégémonique, est alors atteint et la coopération permet, alors, à chacun de retirer un bénéfice de cet intérêt mutuel. Dans notre cas, le groupe de Stackelberg est constitué des membres du G5 + 1, soit les cinq membres permanents du Conseil de Sécurité de l’ONU et de l’Allemagne, agissant sous le leadership américain; l’Iran est un suiveur de la périphérie, soupçonné de défection, et l’intérêt mutuel est celui de la lutte contre la prolifération des ADM. Notre évaluation empirique montre que les conditions de la réciprocité des membres de ce groupe sont réunies et que celles de l’Iran sont en cours de négociation. The main argument of our thesis is that a unipolar and non hegemonic structure of the international system furthers collective security. After having shown that the present international structure is as such and having justified our neoliberal theoretical approach, we have adopted the interaction model of the Stackelberg leadership model to demonstrate that a conflicting cooperation between rational States, that are respectful of the international order, is possible, which allows them to overcome their collective action dilemma. This cooperation depends on the existence of shared interests, on the ability of the leader to foster cooperation among them, and on structural conditions as well, which enable the setting up of “a reciprocity strategy”. They, thus, form what we call as a “Stackelberg’s group”. With regard to the periphery follower, or defector, he should adjust to the mutual interest of the group, as defined by this latter, as well as cooperate and negotiate with it, under the pressure of sanctions or the use of force if necessary. In the event of a successful negotiation, a Stackelberg equilibrium, furthered by the leader of the group, that is the unipolar and non hegemonic power, is then reached where cooperation between the members of the group, i.e. the States, allows them to get their share, that is a benefit from their mutual interest. In our case study, the Stackelberg’s group includes the five permanent members of the U.N Security Council plus Germany, all acting under the US leadership. Iran is a periphery follower suspected of defection, and the mutual interest is the international security against WMD proliferation. Our empirical assessment shows that the respective conditions, which enable a reciprocity strategy within the Stackelberg’s group, are then met by its members, whereas those of Iran are still under negotiations.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Grandia (Game)'

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