Journal articles: 'Grandiose narcissim'

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Carusi, Maria. "Narcissism and Social-Media How social-media use can impact perceived stress on Facebook academic motivation." Studia Doctoralia 11, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47040/sd/sdpsych.v11i2.116.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the level of association between grandiose narcissism and Facebook related behaviours, as well as, to test the moderating role of active Facebook usage in the relathionship between grandiose narcissism and Facebook perceived stress. The cross-sectional data was collected from 130 Facebook users (N = 130; 79.2% female; 20.8% male; SD = 10.60) including demographic data, the level of self-disclosure, FOMO, Facebook addiction, the intensity of Facebook usage, Facebook perceived stress and the way of usage (active or passive). Findings revealed an association between grandiose narcissim and self-diclosure. The results imply that even if Facebook is currently the most popular platform, narcissists might prefer other apps due to their less sophisticated and easier to manage interfaces. Therefore, some individuals suffering from narcissism put less effort in the awareness and engaging process with their target for obtaining the needed gratifications and validation. Limits and future directions are discussed.

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Carusi, Maria. "Narcissism and Social-Media How social-media use can impact perceived stress on Facebook academic motivation." Studia Doctoralia 11, no. 2 (December 23, 2020): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47040/sd0000088.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the level of association between grandiose narcissism and Facebook related behaviours, as well as, to test the moderating role of active Facebook usage in the relathionship between grandiose narcissism and Facebook perceived stress. The cross-sectional data was collected from 130 Facebook users (N = 130; 79.2% female; 20.8% male; SD = 10.60) including demographic data, the level of self-disclosure, FOMO, Facebook addiction, the intensity of Facebook usage, Facebook perceived stress and the way of usage (active or passive). Findings revealed an association between grandiose narcissim and self-diclosure. The results imply that even if Facebook is currently the most popular platform, narcissists might prefer other apps due to their less sophisticated and easier to manage interfaces. Therefore, some individuals suffering from narcissism put less effort in the awareness and engaging process with their target for obtaining the needed gratifications and validation. Limits and future directions are discussed.

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Şahin, Ezgi Ekin, Ahmet Altinok, and Baki Duy. "Grandiose Narcissism and Trait Anxiety among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Perfectionism when Self-esteem is controlled." Anales de Psicología 38, no. 3 (August 27, 2022): 499–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.495161.

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It seems quite interesting that during adolescence anxiety levels can spiral out of control. This is due to several factors; one of the possible determinants is personality traits such as narcissism. Contrary to high self-esteem being a predictive factor of mental health, narcissism needs self-esteem in order to be beneficial for a person. Therefore, as two factors of personality traits, self-esteem and narcissism need to be distinguished from each other. Narcissistic individuals try to meet their affirmation needs by setting perfectionistic goals and significant relationships between perfectionism dimensions and anxiety has been revealed in the related literature. Using a structural equation modeling, this study investigated the mediation role of perfectionism dimensions in the relationships between grandiose narcissistic personality trait and trait anxiety when self-esteem was controlled. A sample of 338 adolescents (192 females, 146 males, mean age = 15.84 years, SD = 1.01) from five high schools participated in the study. The participants completed the instruments including the Demographic Information Form aimed to gather personal information, the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale, the trait anxiety dimension of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Child and Adolescents Perfectionism Scale, and the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Findings revealed that adaptive perfectionism mediated the relationship between grandiose narcissism and trait anxiety when self-esteem was controlled. This study indicates that practitioners working with adolescents should focus on interventions, which aimed to decrease perfectionistic tendencies of adolescents. Parece bastante interesante que durante la adolescencia los niveles de ansiedad pueden salirse de control. Esto se debe a varios factores; uno de los posibles determinantes son los rasgos de personalidad como el narcisismo. Contrariamente a que la autoestima alta es un factor predictivo de la salud mental, el narcisismo necesita autoestima para ser beneficioso para una persona. Por lo tanto, como dos factores de rasgos de personalidad, la autoestima y el narcisismo deben distinguirse entre sí. Los individuos narcisistas intentan satisfacer sus necesidades de afirmación estableciendo objetivos perfeccionistas y se han revelado relaciones significativas entre las dimensiones del perfeccionismo y la ansiedad en la literatura relacionada. Usando un modelo de ecuación estructural, este estudio investigó el papel de mediación de las dimensiones del perfeccionismo en las relaciones entre el rasgo de personalidad narcisista grandioso y el rasgo de ansiedad cuando se controló la autoestima. Participaron en el estudio una muestra de 338 adolescentes (192 mujeres, 146 hombres, edad media = 15.84 años, DE = 1.01) de cinco colegios de secundaria. Los participantes completaron los instrumentos, entre ellos el Formulario de Información Demográfica destinado a recopilar información personal, la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg, la dimensión de ansiedad rasgo del Inventario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo, la Escala de Perfeccionismo del Niño y el Adolescente y el Inventario de Personalidad Narcisista. Los hallazgos revelaron que el perfeccionismo adaptativo medió en la relación entre el narcisismo grandioso y el rasgo de ansiedad cuando se controló la autoestima. Este estudio indica que los profesionales que trabajan con adolescentes deben centrarse en las intervenciones cuyo objetivo sea disminuir las tendencias perfeccionistas de los adolescentes.

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Rohmann, Elke, Eva Neumann, Michael Jürgen Herner, and Hans-Werner Bierhoff. "Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism." European Psychologist 17, no. 4 (January 1, 2012): 279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000100.

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It is suggested that the two factors of narcissism identified by Wink (1991) – grandiose (overt) and vulnerable (covert) narcissism – represent different conceptualizations of narcissism, which are measured by the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and the Narcissism Inventory, respectively. The focus of this research is on the divergent interpersonal consequences of both factors of narcissism. Results of two studies indicate that the nomological networks of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism in terms of self-construal on the one hand and attachment and love on the other hand differ substantially. As predicted, grandiose narcissism was linked to high self-esteem and independent self-construal, whereas vulnerable narcissism was linked to low self-esteem and interdependent self-construal. In addition, high vulnerable narcissism implied higher attachment anxiety than low vulnerable narcissism, whereas high grandiose narcissism implied less attachment avoidance than low grandiose narcissism. In partial support of the hypotheses, Eros, Ludus, and Pragma correlated positively with the measure of grandiose narcissism, whereas Eros, Ludus, Pragma, Mania, and Agape were positively related to the measure of vulnerable narcissism. An intriguing pattern of results emerged because vulnerable narcissism turned out to be the more powerful predictor for love styles than grandiose narcissism.

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Hart, William, Kyle Richardson, and Gregory K. Tortoriello. "Narcissists Stand United." Journal of Individual Differences 39, no. 4 (October 2018): 204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000265.

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Abstract. Previous research suggests narcissists (vs. non-narcissists) may perceive grandiose narcissism as a less dislikeable trait in others. However, previous research has only addressed this phenomenon from the perspective of a grandiose narcissistic perceiver and not from the perspective of a vulnerable narcissistic perceiver, thus limiting understanding of whether the phenomenon unites or distinguishes between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism forms. The current study examined this phenomenon from the perspective of vulnerable and grandiose narcissistic perceivers. Participants indicated liking judgments of actors behaving in a way consistent with grandiose narcissism (narcissistically) or non-narcissistically and their attitudes toward the category “narcissists.” Although participants indicated less liking for the narcissistic (vs. non-narcissistic) actor, this relative disliking for narcissists was reduced as a function of perceiver grandiose and vulnerable narcissism; furthermore, perceiver grandiose and vulnerable narcissism each related to more positive attitudes toward “narcissists.”

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Smith, Mickey B., and Brian D. Webster. "Narcissus the innovator? The relationship between grandiose narcissism, innovation, and adaptability." Personality and Individual Differences 121 (January 2018): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.09.018.

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Sanecka, Elżbieta. "Grandiose and vulnerable narcissism and regulatory focus at work in relation to strengths use and deficit correction in the workplace." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (October 22, 2021): e0258609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258609.

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Extant research has shown that grandiose narcissism predicts a wide range of work-related outcomes. However, despite differentiating in the social-personality literature besides grandiose narcissism also its vulnerable form, there is little organizational research that would include both expressions of narcissism, in particular with regard to positive organizational behaviors, including strengths use and deficit correction in the workplace. In addition, the role of dark-side personality traits, such as narcissism, in predicting strengths use and deficit correction in the workplace, in particular in regard to motivational factors, seems understudied. Accordingly, this study adds to the literature on narcissism in the organizational context by investigating the direct effects of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism and motivational orientation in the form of regulatory focus at work on strengths use and deficit correction in the workplace. Based on a sample of 446 working adults from the Polish population, it was found that grandiose narcissism positively predicted both strengths use and deficit correction. In turn, vulnerable narcissism was unrelated to strengths use and deficit correction. Furthermore, drawing on the distal-proximal model of work-specific regulatory focus, it also tested whether regulatory focus at work has the incremental validity over grandiose and vulnerable narcissism in predicting strengths use and deficit correction. The hierarchical regression analyses indicated that both promotion and prevention focus were positively associated with strengths use and deficit correction, predicting them beyond grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. The theoretical and practical implications of this study in the context of narcissism in the workplace and positive organizational scholarship are discussed.

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Zobel, S. Beomonte, A. Sciarretta, and P. Velotti. "The role of emotion dysregulation in the relationship between narcissism and suicide." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S585—S586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1562.

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IntroductionSuicide attempts and suicidal ideation are peculiar aspects of several cluster b disorders, including Narcissistic Personality Disorder. Similarly, difficulty in regulating negative affects can play a role in the relationship between narcissist features and suicidal ideation. To date, it is still unclear which facet of narcissism is more related to the desire to die and which other factors are involved in this relationship.ObjectivesTo offer preliminary empirical evidences concerning the relationship between narcissism, emotion regulation and suicide ideation.MethodsWe administered Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSI) to a sample of individuals with Suicide ideation (n= 68) and a sample of community participants (n=140).ResultsControlling for age and gender, we found that BSI scores correlated significantly with the vulnerable dimension of narcissism, but not with the grandiose one, and with all DERS dimensions. Nevertheless, emotion dysregulation moderates the relationship between vulnerable narcissism and suicidal ideation.ConclusionsSuicide ideation seems to be deeply connected with the vulnerable dimension of pathological narcissism and the relationship between the constructs is partially mediated by emotion dysregulation. Future directions and clinical implications are discussed.

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M, Ramesh Kumar, and Christopher G. "Attachment Anxiety and Covert Narcissistic Pangs as Reflected in Tennessee William’s The Glass Menagerie." World Journal of English Language 13, no. 2 (February 14, 2023): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v13n2p232.

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This paper aims to provide an interdisciplinary space for fruitful debate concerning psychoanalytical representations of attachment anxiety and the fear of abandonment of a covert narcissist within the ambit of narcissism, and its implications in artistic, literary, and health discourses. Researchers in psychiatric, clinical, developmental, personality, and social psychology are interested in the issue of narcissism since its resurgence has hit the world on a pandemic scale in the last few years. Despite the extensive research on the construct of narcissism conducted so far, one of its under-represented clinical subtypes, "covert narcissism," which is intrinsically intertwined with the fear of abandonment and attachment anxiety (Cramer, 2019) remains largely unexplored as opposed to its counterpart, grandiose narcissism. Extending this hypothesis, the primary objective of the current scholarly investigation is to examine the correlations underlying the maladaptive attachment anxiety and fear of abandonment that Amanda Wingfield, the female protagonist of Tennessee Williams's most autobiographical play, The Glass Menagerie, wrestles with in her interpersonal and intrapersonal relationships. The study's secondary purpose is to further scrutinize and unearth a slew of unconscious yet toxic expressions of covert narcissism that Amanda embodies in her machinations to remain in her 'secure base'.

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Derry, Kate L., Jeneva L. Ohan, and Donna M. Bayliss. "Toward Understanding and Measuring Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism Within Trait Personality Models." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 35, no. 4 (July 2019): 498–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000432.

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Abstract. Research on trait narcissism is hindered by considerable confusion over its underlying structure, especially differences between pathological and normal narcissism, and grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. To address this problem, we describe two studies that examined the factor structure of a broad range of narcissism items and the implications for current narcissism theory. In Study 1, 881 undergraduates completed a scale composed of items taken trans-theoretically from narcissism scales that targeted grandiose, vulnerable, and normal narcissism descriptions. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted and construct validity was established. In Study 2, 298 community-based participants were surveyed. Fit indices of a reduced 20-item scale and test-retest reliability were examined. Both studies supported a hierarchical structure of distinct grandiose and vulnerable factors, each with interpersonal and intrapersonal components. Thus, trait narcissism seems best described by grandiose and vulnerable dimensions, each of which can be focused toward the self or others.

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Rohmann, Elke, Stephanie Hanke, and Hans-Werner Bierhoff. "Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism in Relation to Life Satisfaction, Self-Esteem, and Self-Construal." Journal of Individual Differences 40, no. 4 (October 2019): 194–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000292.

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Abstract. A growing body of research suggests the viability of the distinction between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. Each subtype of narcissism reveals distinct associations with life satisfaction, self-esteem, and self-construal. The goal of the present study ( N = 253) is to apply this distinction to replicate the results of previous studies with respect to life satisfaction and self-esteem and to extend the perspective by focusing on several components of self-construal: independent and interdependent (cf. Singelis, 1994 ). In addition, interdependent self-construal is either relational-interdependent or collective-interdependent (cf. Cross, Hardin, & Gercek-Swing, 2011 ). Specifically, four hypotheses are examined which have in common the assumption that grandiose and vulnerable narcissism diverge systematically in their implications for life satisfaction, self-esteem, and self-construal. Grandiose narcissism is expected to correlate positively with life satisfaction, self-esteem, independent self-construal, and collective-interdependent self-construal. In contrast, vulnerable narcissism is assumed to correlate negatively with self-esteem and life satisfaction and positively with interdependent and relational self-construal. The results, which confirm these hypotheses, underscore the necessity to differentiate between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. Remarkably, both subtypes of narcissism are related to distinct dimensions of interdependent self-construal. Whereas grandiose narcissism is anchored in collective interdependence, vulnerable narcissism is embedded in relational interdependence.

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Poless, Pauline Georgees, Linda Torstveit, Ricardo Gregorio Lugo, Marita Andreassen, and Stefan Sütterlin. "Guilt and proneness to shame: Unethical behaviour in vulnerable and grandiose narcissism." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 14, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 28–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v14i1.1355.

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Narcissists are described as individuals with dysfunctional personality traits such as lack of psychological awareness and empathy. Theories of ethical behaviour assume that unethical actions trigger moral emotions of guilt and shame. Currently, there is a lack of knowledge on moral emotions as dispositional traits and their potential influences on behaviour in individuals with narcissistic traits. The present study examined vulnerable and grandiose narcissism’s differences in the propensity to experience guilt and shame as a proneness, across a range of personal transgressions. Guilt proneness was measured by negative evaluation of unethical behaviour, and whether this evaluation could influence reparation of tendencies of unethical action in vulnerable and grandiose narcissism. Shame proneness was investigated by negative evaluation of the self, and then whether the previous tendency could affect unethical decision making and behaviour (e.g., hiding), in vulnerable and grandiose narcissism. Two hundred and sixteen participants responded to the Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale, the Narcissistic Personality Inventory Scale and the Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale in an online questionnaire. Findings indicate that grandiose narcissism was negatively associated with guilt proneness, and the relation between the vulnerable narcissism and guilt proneness was negative. Additionally, the results confirm a negative association between grandiose narcissism and shame proneness, especially related to the subscale ‘shame negative self-evaluation’. Furthermore, guilt and shame proneness explained 20% of the variance in vulnerable narcissism and 11% in grandiose narcissism. This research indicates that both vulnerable and grandiose narcissism have the tendency to make unethical decisions, and they are more likely to enact in unethical behaviour. These findings are relevant for the detection of narcissistic individual’s propensity to act unethically in social context.

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Allroggen, Marc, Peter Rehmann, Eva Schürch, Carolyn C. Morf, and Michael Kölch. "The Relationship Between Narcissism and Personality Traits of the Five-Factor-Model in Adolescents and Young Adults." Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie 46, no. 6 (November 1, 2018): 516–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917/a000588.

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Abstract.Narcissism is seen as a multidimensional construct that consists of two manifestations: grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. In order to define these two manifestations, their relationship to personality factors has increasingly become of interest. However, so far no studies have considered the relationship between different phenotypes of narcissism and personality factors in adolescents. Method: In a cross-sectional study, we examine a group of adolescents (n = 98; average age 16.77 years; 23.5 % female) with regard to the relationship between Big Five personality factors and pathological narcissism using self-report instruments. This group is compared to a group of young adults (n = 38; average age 19.69 years; 25.6 % female). Results: Grandiose narcissism is primarily related to low Agreeableness and Extraversion, vulnerable narcissism to Neuroticism. We do not find differences between adolescents and young adults concerning the relationship between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism and personality traits. Discussion: Vulnerable and grandiose narcissism can be well differentiated in adolescents, and the pattern does not show substantial differences compared to young adults.

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Kaufman, Scott Barry, Brandon Weiss, Joshua D. Miller, and W. Keith Campbell. "Clinical Correlates of Vulnerable and Grandiose Narcissism: A Personality Perspective." Journal of Personality Disorders 34, no. 1 (February 2020): 107–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/pedi_2018_32_384.

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There is broad consensus that there are at least two different dimensions of narcissism: vulnerable and grandiose. In this study, the authors use a new trifurcated, three-factor model of narcissism to examine relations between aspects of narcissism and an array of clinically relevant criteria related to psychopathology, the self, authenticity, and well-being. Neurotic and antagonistic aspects of narcissism emerged as the most clinically relevant dimensions of narcissism, bearing relations with outcomes relating to interpersonal guilt, insecure attachment styles, cognitive distortions, maladaptive defense mechanisms, experiential avoidance, impostor syndrome, weak sense of self, inauthenticity, low self-esteem, and reduced psychological well-being. Grandiose narcissism was not correlated with most forms of psychopathology and was even positively associated with life satisfaction. Nevertheless, a surprising link was found between grandiose narcissism and multiple indicators of inauthenticity. Implications for the appropriate conceptualization, assessment, and treatment of pathological narcissism are discussed.

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Hart, William, Gregory K. Tortoriello, Kyle Richardson, and John Adams. "“S/he’s Taken”." Journal of Individual Differences 39, no. 4 (October 2018): 212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000266.

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Abstract. Narcissists’ threat reactivity can be differentiated into cognitive, emotional, and tactical-behavioral responses, and these dimensions of reactivity are presumed to vary as a function of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. The present research applied this conceptual model to situations involving a relationship threat from a rival. A college sample completed measures of vulnerable narcissism, pathological and non-pathological measures of grandiose narcissism, and then indicated anticipated cognitive, emotional, and tactical responses to situations involving high and low levels of rival threat. All narcissism forms generally converged on similar tactical responses – specifically, enhanced coercive and mate-value-enhancement tactics. Yet, both pathological and non-pathological expressions of grandiose narcissism diverged from vulnerable narcissism on cognitive and emotional outcomes, such that only vulnerable narcissism related to enhanced worrying and negative emotionality. Furthermore, all narcissism forms were more strongly related to coercive tactics against the rival following high (vs. low) rival threat.

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Giacomin, Miranda, and Nicholas O. Rule. "Eyebrows cue grandiose narcissism." Journal of Personality 87, no. 2 (July 4, 2018): 373–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12396.

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Malesza, Marta, and Magdalena Claudia Kaczmarek. "Grandiose narcissism versus vulnerable narcissism and impulsivity." Personality and Individual Differences 126 (May 2018): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.01.021.

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Barry, Christopher T., Alexandra C. Anderson, and Nora E. Charles. "Dimensions of Adolescent Narcissism." Journal of Individual Differences 40, no. 3 (July 2019): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000287.

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Abstract. Research with adolescents has noted that narcissism dimensions (e.g., non-pathological, grandiose, vulnerable) are often interrelated but have differential associations with indicators of adjustment. The aim of the present study was to investigate both variable-centered and person-centered analyses of commonly used narcissism scales in adolescents. Participants were 282 at-risk male adolescents ages 16–19 attending a voluntary residential program. Variable-centered analyses revealed correlations for the narcissism dimensions that were consistent with prior research. Person-centered analyses resulted in three subgroups (i.e., high pathological narcissism; moderate pathological narcissism; low narcissism). Individuals in the high pathological narcissism subgroup reported lower self-esteem, higher anxiety, and higher aggression than the other groups. However, the utility of a person-centered approach in adolescents is questionable in that the subgroups simply differed incrementally based on pathological grandiose and vulnerable narcissism.

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Foster, Joshua D., Jessica L. McCain, Mary F. Hibberts, Amy B. Brunell, and R. Burke Johnson. "The Grandiose Narcissism Scale: A Global and Facet-Level Measure of Grandiose Narcissism." Personality and Individual Differences 73 (January 2015): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.08.042.

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Rogoza, Radosław, Jan Cieciuch, Włodzimierz Strus, and Tomasz Baran. "Seeking a Common Framework for Research on Narcissism: An Attempt to Integrate the Different Faces of Narcissism within the Circumplex of Personality Metatraits." European Journal of Personality 33, no. 4 (July 2019): 437–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2206.

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The current paper presents a proposal for integrating different narcissism constructs (grandiose, vulnerable, communal, and collective) within the Circumplex of Personality Metatraits (CPM), an integrative model of personality structure that could also be used to accommodate the narcissism spectrum model. The study was conducted on a community sample ( N = 781 adults). The theoretically predicted locations of the different narcissism constructs within the CPM space were empirically verified using the structural summary method. We found that grandiose, vulnerable, and communal narcissism can be meaningfully located within the CPM, while the status of collective narcissism remains unclear. Thus, the CPM can serve as a personality matrix explaining the differences and similarities between the various faces of narcissism. © 2019 European Association of Personality Psychology

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Montoro, Casandra I., Pablo de la Coba, María Moreno-Padilla, and Carmen M. Galvez-Sánchez. "Narcissistic Personality and Its Relationship with Post-Traumatic Symptoms and Emotional Factors: Results of a Mediational Analysis Aimed at Personalizing Mental Health Treatment." Behavioral Sciences 12, no. 4 (March 25, 2022): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs12040091.

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Background: Narcissism is characterized by entitlement, grandiose fantasies and the need for admiration. This personality trait has been associated with both traumatic experiences and emotional problems. Most studies have only focused on narcissism in the context of childhood trauma and negative emotional factors. However, dimensions of grandiose narcissism such as authority have been linked to adaptive outcomes. Furthermore, narcissism might not be linked only to negative childhood experiences; it may also be associated with the presence of post-traumatic symptoms. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the associations between narcissism and the frequency and severity of post-traumatic symptoms and emotional factors (resilience capacity, emotional regulation, positive and negative affect, intolerance of uncertainty and perceived stress), as well as the possible mediational role of the latter in the relationship between narcissism and post-traumatic symptoms. Method: A total of 115 healthy young psychology undergraduates and their relatives, aged from 18 to 40 years, were asked to complete a set of questionnaires to evaluate the aforementioned variables. Results: The results showed that most of the grandiose narcissism dimensions were positively related to emotional adaptive outcomes, except exploitativeness and entitlement. The negative associations observed between the frequency and severity of post-traumatic symptoms and narcissism (self-sufficiency) were mediated by affect and resilience, which were in turn positively associated with the majority of the narcissism dimensions. Both positive affect and resilience were important factors mediating the association between grandiose narcissism and post-traumatic symptoms. Conclusions: Our findings reaffirm the need to assess not only desirable personality traits, but also ones that are not initially desirable, before pathologizing them. This consideration may be essential to achieve a personalized approach to the prevention of mental health problems, and promotion of positive emotions, in the general population.

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Barnett, Michael D., Idalia V. Maciel, and Marley A. King. "Sandbagging and the Self." Journal of Individual Differences 40, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000272.

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Abstract. Sandbagging – a self-presentation strategy defined by feigned performance or false claims of inability – has been associated with lower self-esteem. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether narcissism explains the relationship between sandbagging and self-esteem. College students ( N = 813) completed a survey. Grandiose and vulnerable narcissism explained variance in sandbagging beyond what was explained by self-esteem. When grandiose or vulnerable narcissism was included, the relationship between self-esteem and sandbagging was no longer significant. Overall, the results were consistent with the notion that the relationship between lower self-esteem and sandbagging may be subsumed by narcissism.

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Feng, Chunliang, Yuling Liang, Hui Zhou, and Li Yi. "Two Faces of Narcissism and Romantic Attraction: Evidence from a Collectivistic Culture." Psychological Reports 111, no. 1 (August 2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/09.02.20.pr0.111.4.1-12.

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The present study was aimed to extend the self-orientation model (Campbell, 1999) to vulnerable narcissism in a collectivistic culture. Two hundred and twenty-seven college students were recruited from China. Participants reported their ratings on measures of vulnerable and grandiose narcissism, attractions to different (caring vs perfect) targets, and their choices of potential romantic partners. Results indicated that those participants classified as grandiose or vulnerable narcissists were more attracted to perfect targets than non-narcissists. In addition, grandiose narcissists preferred to choose perfect targets as their romantic partners, while vulnerable narcissists did not show such a preference when choosing potential partners. These results suggested that culture could influence the function of narcissism. The self-orientation model could not fully explain the choices of vulnerable narcissists.

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Yuk, Hyeyeon, Tony C. Garrett, and Euejung Hwang. "Effects of Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism on Donation Intentions: The Moderating Role of Donation Information Openness." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (June 29, 2021): 7280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137280.

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This study investigated the relationship between two subtypes of narcissism (grandiose vs. vulnerable) and donation intentions, while considering the moderating effects of donation information openness. The results of an experimental survey of 359 undergraduate students showed that individuals who scored high on grandiose narcissism showed greater donation intentions when the donor’s behavior was public, while they showed lower donation intentions when it was not. In addition, individuals who scored high on vulnerable narcissism showed lower donation intentions when the donor’s behavior was not public. This study contributes to narcissism and the donation behavior literature and proposes theoretical and practical implications as per narcissistic individual differences. Future research possibilities are also discussed.

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Sprio, V., F. Madeddu, and R. Calati. "Can narcissism be considered a risk factor for suicidal thoughts and behaviors? A systematic review of the literature." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1553.

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IntroductionAlthough suicide showed an association with personality disorders, few studies focused on narcissism. This association is interesting, especially in what authors called a “narcissism epidemic”, considering narcissistic wounds to which subjects could be subjected.ObjectivesTo systematically review studies investigating the association between narcissism and suicidal risk.MethodsWe focused on the association between narcissism (NPD, narcissistic traits) and suicide (Suicidal Ideation (SI), Non-suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI), Deliberate Self-Harm (DSH), Suicide Attempt (SA) and Suicide (S)). Studies were identified through a PubMed-based search. Reference lists were examined to extract additional articles. This review was performed according to PRISMA Statement.ResultsWe included 33 studies. Most studies evaluated narcissism through DSM, showing heterogeneous results. NPD was associated with low impulsivity and high planning, but also with a higher number of SAs. Studies evaluating narcissism as a trait were more coherent. SI, NSSI and DSH showed an association with vulnerable narcissism. These associations were explained by mediation and moderation models including shame and dissociation. The grandiose component was associated with severe repetitive NSSIs and S in high suicidal risk samples. Impulsivity showed no effect.ConclusionsIt is possible to develop hypothesis, even if not causal relationships, on the association between narcissism and suicidal risk. Grandiose narcissism seemed to be protective for suicidal outcomes with low intent to die, while vulnerable narcissism seemed to be associated. However grandiose narcissism seemed to be a risk factor for suicidal outcomes with high intent to die, showing low impulsivity and high planning and severity. New studies, differentiating between narcissistic components, are needed.

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Mayer, Sabrina J., Carl C. Berning, and David Johann. "The Two Dimensions of Narcissistic Personality and Support for the Radical Right: The Role of Right–Wing Authoritarianism, Social Dominance Orientation and Anti–Immigrant Sentiment." European Journal of Personality 34, no. 1 (January 2020): 60–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2228.

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This paper offers an explanation of the link between grandiose narcissism and support for radical right parties. Drawing on representative data of the GESIS Panel ( N = 2827), focusing on support for the German radical right populist party Alternative for Germany in 2016 and treating grandiose narcissism as a two–dimensional concept, it is shown that the effects of grandiose narcissism are indirect rather than direct. The paper also reveals that it is mainly narcissistic rivalry that accounts for radical right party support, whereas narcissistic admiration has a protecting relationship. Finally, our results indicate that the indirect effects of narcissistic rivalry on radical right party support via right–wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation, respectively, are mediated by anti–immigrant sentiment. All in all, our results suggest that in studies on ideological orientations and voting behaviour, both dimensions of grandiose narcissism should be considered due to their contradictory relationship. Moreover, our findings indicate that the success of radical right parties might be the expression of personality dispositions of some parts of the electorate. © 2020 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology

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Schyns, Birgit, Urszula Lagowska, and Susanne Braun. "Me, Me, Me." Zeitschrift für Psychologie 230, no. 4 (October 2022): 330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000504.

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Abstract. This study tests the relationships between grandiose narcissism and affective, calculative, social-normative motivation to lead (MTL), avoidance to lead, and between vulnerable narcissism and affective MTL and avoidance to lead. Further, we assess the moderating effect of narcissistic organizational identification (NOI). As expected, grandiose narcissism correlated positively with three dimensions of MTL, though the relationship with social-normative MTL disappeared when controlling for NOI and the interaction. Vulnerable narcissism was positively related to avoidance to lead, but not too affective MTL. Subsequent regression analysis revealed that vulnerable narcissism related negatively to affective MTL for individuals with low or moderate (but not high) NOI. Our study contributes to the integration of narcissism and leadership research by examining a differentiated conceptualization of narcissism, explaining why some individuals may actively approach while others actively avoid leadership, and one of the boundary conditions which may facilitate narcissists’ MTL.

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Dîrțu, Mircea Cătălin, and Oara Prundeanu. "Narcissism and Pro-Environmental Behaviors: The Mediating Role of Self-Monitoring, Environmental Control and Attitudes." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 13, 2023): 1571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021571.

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The need to protect and preserve the environment is an important concern, and the behavioral change in order to obtain behaviors positively oriented towards the environment is sometimes difficult to achieve. There are multiple factors that influence people’s actions against the environment, but individualistic and egocentric tendencies (i.e., grandiose and vulnerable narcissism) may negatively impact pro-environmental behavior. This article expands existing research by providing a closer look at the mechanisms by which individuals with grandiose and vulnerable narcissistic tendencies self-monitor, make attributions about environmental problems, and embrace the new ecological paradigm, as well as their pro-environmental behaviors. Using a convenience sample (N = 945), two mediation models were tested to assess the effect of narcissism on pro-environmental behavior, mediated by self-monitoring, environmental control, and environmental attitudes. Results indicated that both grandiose and vulnerable narcissism negatively correlated with environmental control, but only grandiose narcissism negatively correlated with environmental attitudes and pro-environmental behavior. Furthermore, mediation analyses results revealed that only environmental control significantly mediated the relationship between narcissism types and pro-environmental behavior. The discussion focuses on the implications of narcissistic features on pro-environmental behavior. Ecological campaigns should aim to increase individual control and include strategies that stimulate narcissistic individuals to self-enhance and recognize their responsibility when they produce significant changes in the environment.

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Kajonius, Petri J., and Therese Björkman. "Dark malevolent traits and everyday perceived stress." Current Psychology 39, no. 6 (August 13, 2018): 2351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-9948-x.

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Abstract Stress is a factor that greatly impacts our lives. Previous research has examined individual differences in relation to stress. However, research regarding malevolent personality traits in relation to how stress is perceived is limited. The purpose of the present study was to investigate relationships between dark malevolent personality traits; psychopathy (EPA), Machiavellianism (MACH-IV), vulnerable narcissism (HSNS), grandiose narcissism (NPI-13), and perceived stress (PSS-10) in a community sample (N = 346). The results showed a strong positive relationship between vulnerable narcissism and perceived stress, while grandiose narcissism and psychopathy showed a small negative relationship with perceived stress. The discussion centers on that narcissism should be treated as two separate traits, and that psychopathy and Machiavellianism overlap in relation to the experience of stress in everyday life.

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O’Reilly, Charles A., and Jennifer A. Chatman. "Transformational Leader or Narcissist? How Grandiose Narcissists Can Create and Destroy Organizations and Institutions." California Management Review 62, no. 3 (April 29, 2020): 5–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008125620914989.

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Transformational leaders challenge the status quo, provide a vision of a promising future, and motivate and inspire their followers to join in the pursuit of a better world. But many of these leaders also fit the American Psychiatric Association classification for narcissistic personality disorder. They are grandiose, entitled, self-confident, risk seeking, manipulative, and hostile. This article reviews the literature on narcissism and shows how what we think of as transformational leadership overlaps substantially with grandiose narcissism. As grandiose narcissists can appear as transformational leaders, it is important to distinguish between what leadership scholars have characterized as “transformational” and these “pseudo-transformational” candidates.

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Rogoza, Radosław, Magdalena Żemojtel-Piotrowska, and William Keith Campbel. "Measurement of narcissism: From classical applications to modern approaches." Studia Psychologica 1, no. 18 (November 21, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/sp.2018.18.1.02.

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Different conceptions of narcissism exist within the literature such as grandiose, vulnerable, pathological, collective, and communal, each of which can be measured using self-report measures. Within the current paper, we review and discuss most of the existing measures of these different trait (i.e., non-clinical) narcissism constructs. This includes an examination of their underlying theoretical foundations and an evaluation of the scale construction process. We start our review from the one-dimensional measures of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism such as the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, the Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale, the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen, the Short Dark Triad, the Narcissistic Grandiosity Scale, the Narcissistic Vulnerability Scale, and the Single Item Narcissism Scale. Then, we introduce the multidimensional measures to study narcissism such as the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire, the Five Factor Narcissism Inventory, and the Pathological Narcissism Inventory. The r view concludes by presenting measures of understudied narcissistic constructs such as the Communal Narcissism Inventory and the Collective Narcissism Scale. In general, using one-dimensional scales might provide important insights into the general underpinnings of narcissistic personality, however assessment via multi-dimensional tools better reflects its complex nature.

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Malesza, Marta, and Warsaw Poland. "Grandiose narcissism and vulnerable narcissism in prisoner's dilemma game." Personality and Individual Differences 158 (May 2020): 109841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.109841.

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Hyun, Seungju, and Xyle Ku. "Proactive coping mediates the relationship between the narcissism phenotypes and psychological health." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 49, no. 7 (July 7, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.10477.

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Although the relationship between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism and psychological health is widely accepted, little is known about whether and how coping strategies explain this relationship. We examined the mediating role of proactive coping in this relationship, with a sample of 280 participants from five colleges in Korea. We used four parallel multiple mediation models, and controlled for the indirect effects of coping flexibility, self-esteem, and covariates (age and gender). Results show that grandiose narcissism predicted higher life satisfaction and lower perceived stress, whereas vulnerable narcissism exhibited the opposite pattern, and all of these relationships were mediated by proactive coping. Overall, our results highlight the critical role of proactive coping in the prediction of psychological health among narcissists.

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Green, Ava, Kathy Charles, and Rory MacLean. "Perceptions of female narcissism in intimate partner violence: A thematic analysis." QMiP Bulletin 1, no. 28 (2019): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsqmip.2019.1.28.13.

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This study sought to explicitly investigate manifestations of female narcissism and their attempts at self-regulation in the context of intimate partner violence (IPV). This novel phenomenon was explored through the lens of ex-partners’ perceptions of female narcissists. A qualitative approach using individual interviews was adopted to gain an in-depth insight of the subtleties and nuances of gender differences in narcissistic personality. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with ten male participants who reported having experienced an abusive relationship with a female narcissist. These interviews were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Three overarching themes emerged from the data analysis: (i) dualistic personas of narcissism; (ii) the mask of femininity; and (iii) the hidden paradox of gender roles. Findings illustrated that perceived expressions of female narcissists depicted presentations of narcissistic vulnerability. Analysis also demonstrated that gender-related norms further shaped motives and self-regulatory strategies for females to obtain positions of power and control. These were established through adopting a ‘victim status’, playing the ‘mother card’ and using legal and societal benefits to their advantage. Female narcissists were perceived to employ strategic attempts at self-construction in sinister and abusive ways, governed by what society allows them to express. It is concluded that narcissism describes a phenomenon in females that moves beyond the overt grandiose stereotype. Limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed.

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Chaustre Jota, Daniel Alberto. "Adaptación al Español del “Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory-Short Form” (Ffni-Sf) en Estudiantes Universitarios Venezolanos." Revista de Investigación en Psicología 24, no. 2 (December 23, 2021): 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rinvp.v24i2.21267.

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El narcisismo es un constructo de personalidad que cuenta con un gran número de instrumentos de medición, aunque se ha abogado por una concepción multidimensional del narcisismo, estos instrumentos son en su mayoría unidimensionales. El “Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory” (FFNI) es uno de los pocos en la actualidad que mide, simultáneamente, múltiples rasgos asociados al narcisismo, así como sus dos expresiones generales: narcisismo vulnerable y narcisismo grandioso. A pesar de la creciente investigación con este inventario, las poblaciones hispanohablantes aún no cuentan con una adaptación a su idioma. Por esta razón se evaluó una versión en español del FFNI en su versión corta de 60 ítems (FFNI-SF), así como su análisis psicométrico correspondiente. Una vez traducido, mediante un procedimiento “bola de nieve”, se administró el cuestionario en línea. La muestra final fue de 156 estudiantes de una universidad privada, de los cuales 82 % eran mujeres y el resto hombres. El inventario presentó índices de confiabilidad adecuados en la mayoría de las dimensiones; y, con respecto a la validez de las medidas, se pudo comprobar que la edad y el sexo se relacionaron de manera significativa con diferentes dimensiones del inventario, tal como ocurre en la literatura. Esta versión en español del FFNI-SF muestra propiedades psicométricas adecuadas en la muestra de estudio, por lo que puede ser utilizada en futuras investigaciones con muestras hispanohablantes, para así comprobar su adecuación en distintos países y expandir el conocimiento en torno al narcisismo.

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Chan, Lik Sam, and Hing Weng Eric Tsang. "“Hey, Look at My Body!”." International Journal of Interactive Communication Systems and Technologies 4, no. 1 (January 2014): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijicst.2014010103.

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This article considers the phenomenon of online body display by users of social networking sites in Hong Kong. A survey of 392 young adults was conducted to investigate the relationships between narcissism, grandiose exhibitionism, body image satisfaction, perceived privacy risks, and online body display. A Body Display Index was developed to measure the perceived level of sexual explicitness of photographs shared by Facebook users. Grandiose exhibitionism, a sub-trait of narcissism, was found to be a stronger predictor of online body display than narcissism. The relationship between body image satisfaction and online body display was not significant, and no relationship was found between such displays and perceived privacy risks, thus implying a lack of social media-related privacy concerns among the respondents.

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Gore, Whitney L., and Thomas A. Widiger. "Fluctuation between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism." Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment 7, no. 4 (2016): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/per0000181.

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Wetzel, Eunike, Marius Leckelt, Tanja M. Gerlach, and Mitja D. Back. "Distinguishing Subgroups of Narcissists with Latent Class Analysis." European Journal of Personality 30, no. 4 (July 2016): 374–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2062.

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This study investigated grandiose narcissism from a categorical perspective. We tested whether subgroups of narcissists can be distinguished that differ in their expressions of more agentic (narcissistic admiration, ADM) and more antagonistic (narcissistic rivalry, RIV) pathways of narcissism. We analysed three German samples (total N = 2211; Mage = 26; 70% female) and one US sample (N = 971; Mage = 35; 74% female) using latent class analysis. Four subgroups of narcissists were consistently identified across samples from Germany and the United States: low narcissists, moderate narcissists primarily characterized by agentic aspects (ADM), moderate narcissists characterized by both agentic and antagonistic aspects (ADM + RIV), and high narcissists. The subgroups were systematically related to a number of personality traits (e.g. Machiavellianism, impulsivity) and adjustment indicators (e.g. self–esteem, empathy). Members in the moderate narcissists—ADM subgroup showed the most adaptive characteristics while members in the moderate narcissists—ADM + RIV subgroup showed the most maladaptive characteristics. Investigating grandiose narcissism—a primarily quantitative trait—from a categorical perspective can yield valuable insights that would otherwise be overlooked. In addition, our results underline the utility of a self–regulatory process approach to grandiose narcissism that distinguishes between agentic and antagonistic dynamics. Copyright © 2016 European Association of Personality Psychology

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Leckelt, Marius, Katharina Geukes, Albrecht C. P. Küfner, Lisa M. Niemeyer, Roos Hutteman, Sarah Osterholz, Boris Egloff, Steffen Nestler, and Mitja D. Back. "A Longitudinal Field Investigation of Narcissism and Popularity Over Time: How Agentic and Antagonistic Aspects of Narcissism Shape the Development of Peer Relationships." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 46, no. 4 (September 13, 2019): 643–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167219872477.

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Grandiose narcissism has been linked to initial popularity but to later unpopularity in peer groups and laboratory contexts. Do these effects on peer relationships also emerge in larger real-life contexts and what are the underlying behavioral processes (i.e., behavioral expressions, interpersonal perceptions)? Using data from the longitudinal CONNECT field study ( N = 126), we investigated effects of agentic and antagonistic aspects of grandiose narcissism on emerging popularity in a complete peer network. A cohort of psychology first-year students was assessed with a quasiexperimental, experience-sampling methodology involving online surveys, diaries, and behavioral observations. In contrast to previous laboratory research, narcissism was unrelated to popularity at the level of zero-order correlations. However, results indicated that (a) an agentic behavioral pathway fostered popularity across time, and an antagonistic behavioral pathway drove the long-term decline in popularity, and (b) the two pathways were differentially related to agentic (admiration) and antagonistic (rivalry) aspects of narcissism.

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Brailovskaia, Julia, Elke Rohmann, Hans-Werner Bierhoff, and Jürgen Margraf. "The anxious addictive narcissist: The relationship between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism, anxiety symptoms and Facebook Addiction." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 2, 2020): e0241632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241632.

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Holtzman, Nicholas S., Allison M. Tackman, Angela L. Carey, Melanie S. Brucks, Albrecht C. P. Küfner, Fenne Große Deters, Mitja D. Back, et al. "Linguistic Markers of Grandiose Narcissism: A LIWC Analysis of 15 Samples." Journal of Language and Social Psychology 38, no. 5-6 (September 11, 2019): 773–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261927x19871084.

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Narcissism is unrelated to using first-person singular pronouns. Whether narcissism is linked to other language use remains unclear. We aimed to identify linguistic markers of narcissism. We applied the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count to texts ( k = 15; N = 4,941). The strongest positive correlates were using words related to sports, second-person pronouns, and swear words. The strongest negative correlates were using anxiety/fear words, tentative words, and words related to sensory/perceptual processes. Effects were small (each | r| < .10).

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Underberg, James E., Anton Gollwitzer, Gabriele Oettingen, and Peter M. Gollwitzer. "The Best Words: Linguistic Indicators of Grandiose Narcissism in Politics." Journal of Language and Social Psychology 39, no. 2 (October 28, 2019): 271–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261927x19883898.

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At a 2015 campaign event, Donald Trump claimed, “I have the best words.” While remarks like these have inspired extensive commentary on grandiosity in politics, few studies have investigated how grandiosity manifests in political speech. This research finds that grandiose U.S. presidents ( n = 35) use words differently than their humbler presidential counterparts, and differently than other grandiose individuals, including by using more “we-talk.” We theorize that grandiose individuals adjust their language based on context to find “the best words” for a particular audience.

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Dickinson, Kelly A., and Aaron L. Pincus. "Interpersonal Analysis of Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism." Journal of Personality Disorders 17, no. 3 (June 2003): 188–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/pedi.17.3.188.22146.

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Watts, Ashley L., Scott O. Lilienfeld, Sarah Francis Smith, Joshua D. Miller, W. Keith Campbell, Irwin D. Waldman, Steven J. Rubenzer, and Thomas J. Faschingbauer. "The Double-Edged Sword of Grandiose Narcissism." Psychological Science 24, no. 12 (October 8, 2013): 2379–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797613491970.

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Stoeber, Joachim, Simon B. Sherry, and Logan J. Nealis. "Multidimensional perfectionism and narcissism: Grandiose or vulnerable?" Personality and Individual Differences 80 (July 2015): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.02.027.

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Brunell, Amy B., and Mark S. Davis. "Grandiose Narcissism and Fairness in Social Exchanges." Current Psychology 35, no. 2 (February 12, 2016): 220–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12144-016-9415-5.

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Rogier, Guyonne, Alessia Marzo, and Patrizia Velotti. "Aggression Among Offenders: The Complex Interplay by Grandiose Narcissism, Spitefulness, and Impulsivity." Criminal Justice and Behavior 46, no. 10 (July 11, 2019): 1475–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854819862013.

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Impulsivity seems closely related to both narcissism and spitefulness as a potential common pathway by which these pathological personality traits lead to violence. We administered the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), the Pathological Narcissism Inventory, the Spitefulness Scale, and the Impulsive Behavior Scale Short Form to a sample of individuals convicted of violent offenses ( n = 182) and a sample of community participants ( n = 203). Hierarchical regression analysis of the convicted sample showed that spitefulness predicted AQ scores positively and significantly beyond the roles of both pathological narcissism and impulsivity. Finally, mediation analyses showed that impulsivity partially mediated the relationships between aggression and both grandiose narcissism and spitefulness. Our results support the hypothesis that spitefulness plays an important role in the prediction of aggressiveness. Finally, impulsivity seems to be a central common variable that explains the relationship between pathological personality traits and aggressive behavior among individuals convicted of violent offenses.

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Zhang, Shuge, Ross Roberts, Tim Woodman, and Andrew Cooke. "I Am Great, but Only When I Also Want to Dominate: Maladaptive Narcissism Moderates the Relationship Between Adaptive Narcissism and Performance Under Pressure." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 42, no. 4 (August 1, 2020): 323–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2019-0204.

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Narcissism–performance research has focused on grandiose narcissism but has not examined the interaction between its so-called adaptive (reflecting overconfidence) and maladaptive (reflecting a domineering orientation) components. In this research, the authors tested interactions between adaptive and maladaptive narcissism using two motor tasks (basketball and golf in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively) and a cognitive task (letter transformation in Experiment 3). Across all experiments, adaptive narcissism predicted performance under pressure only when maladaptive narcissism was high. In the presence of maladaptive narcissism, adaptive narcissism also predicted decreased pre-putt time in Experiment 2 and an adaptive psychophysiological response in Experiment 3, reflecting better processing efficiency. Findings suggest that individuals high in both aspects of narcissism perform better under pressure thanks to superior task processing. In performance contexts, the terms “adaptive” and “maladaptive”—adopted from social psychology—are oversimplistic and inaccurate. The authors believe that “self-inflated narcissism” and “dominant narcissism” are better monikers for these constructs.

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Klipfel, Kristen M., and David S. Kosson. "The Relationship Between Grandiosity, Psychopathy, and Narcissism in an Offender Sample." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 9 (November 9, 2017): 2687–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x17734784.

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Clinical accounts suggest grandiosity is an important characteristic of both psychopathy and narcissism. This study examined the relationships between grandiosity and each of these personality disorder syndromes, using a novel index, namely the Grandiosity Index. Seventy-five incarcerated males completed clinical interviews of psychopathy and narcissism and a self-report inventory of narcissism and were rated on interpersonal measures of psychopathy and narcissism. Trained research assistants rated participants on the Grandiosity Index. Analyses provided preliminary evidence of construct validity for the index. Scores on the Grandiosity Index were significantly correlated with scores on both clinical and interpersonal measures of psychopathy and narcissism and with self-reported narcissism. Regressions demonstrated that the Grandiosity Index explained substantial unique variance in psychopathy after controlling for scores on narcissism. This study demonstrates that grandiose features are associated uniquely with clinical ratings of psychopathy, though not significantly more with psychopathy than with narcissism.

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Grapsas, Stathis, Eddie Brummelman, Mitja D. Back, and Jaap J. A. Denissen. "The “Why” and “How” of Narcissism: A Process Model of Narcissistic Status Pursuit." Perspectives on Psychological Science 15, no. 1 (December 5, 2019): 150–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691619873350.

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We propose a self-regulation model of grandiose narcissism. This model illustrates an interconnected set of processes through which narcissists (i.e., individuals with relatively high levels of grandiose narcissism) pursue social status in their moment-by-moment transactions with their environments. The model shows that narcissists select situations that afford status. Narcissists vigilantly attend to cues related to the status they and others have in these situations and, on the basis of these perceived cues, appraise whether they can elevate their status or reduce the status of others. Narcissists engage in self-promotion (admiration pathway) or other-derogation (rivalry pathway) in accordance with these appraisals. Each pathway has unique consequences for how narcissists are perceived by others, thus shaping their social status over time. The model demonstrates how narcissism manifests itself as a stable and consistent cluster of behaviors in pursuit of social status and how it develops and maintains itself over time. More broadly, the model might offer useful insights for future process models of other personality traits.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Grandiose narcissim'

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