Relevant bibliographies by topics / Grandparents-as-parents

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Grandparents-as-parents'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Grandparents-as-parents"

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Franklin, C. "Grandparents as Parents." Children & Schools 21, no. 3 (July 1, 1999): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cs/21.3.131.

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Tout, Ken. "Grandparents as parents." Ageing International 21, no. 1 (March 1994): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02681175.

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Minkler, Meredith. "Grandparents as parents." Ageing International 21, no. 1 (March 1994): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02681176.

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Hunt, Joan. "Grandparents as substitute parents in the UK." Contemporary Social Science 13, no. 2 (January 22, 2018): 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2017.1417629.

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Xie, Hui, Linda L. Caldwell, and Steven Loy. "Latino grandparents’ perception of disagreements with parents in children’s leisure time physical activity." Health Education Journal 79, no. 5 (December 24, 2019): 543–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896919894600.

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Background: Latino grandparents are often involved in the care and rearing of grandchildren and may help parents in promoting children’s leisure time physical activity (LTPA). However, potential disagreements between grandparents and parents may undermine their collaboration and subsequently their support for children’s LTPA. Aim: The purpose of this study was to explore Latino grandparents’ perception of disagreements with parents in children’s (age 2–12) LTPA. Methods: Qualitative data were collected from 53 Latino grandparents in Los Angeles County, USA, using four semi-structured focus groups and 26 semi-structured interviews. Transcribed data were systematically and iteratively coded and analysed. Results: Many Latino grandparents disagreed with parents’ sedentary lifestyle, permissive parenting and lack of support for children’s LTPA. In addition, Latino grandparents described disagreement with parents in specific issues such as children’s LTPA options and safety during LTPA. Conclusion: There were disagreements between Latino grandparents and parents concerning children’s LTPA. Health researchers and practitioners should be aware of those disagreements and consider using education/intervention programmes to reduce the tension between Latino grandparents and parents and increase their collaborative support for children’s LTPA.
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Alber, Erdmute. "Grandparents as Foster-Parents: Transformations in Foster Relations Between Grandparents and Grandchildren in Northern Benin." Africa 74, no. 1 (February 2004): 28–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2004.74.1.28.

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AbstractThis article deals with an aspect of the special relationship between grandparents and grandchildren: the fosterage of grandchildren by their (classificatory) grandparents. By becoming social parents with full responsibility for their social children, grandparents—as foster-parents—take upon themselves the characteristics typical both of parental roles involving authority, and grand-parental behaviour involving joking, warmth and proximity to their fostered grandchildren. The practices of grandparental fosterage, as well as changes in them, need to be understood in the broader context of widespread fosterage among Baatombu, where the majority of children grow up not with their biological parents but with foster-parents. The gradual decline of old forms of fosterage is affecting foster practices between grandparents and grandchildren. The grandparents’ generation evaluate this decline negatively and fear that changing fosterage patterns may adversely affect their social security in old age.
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Jappens, Maaike, and Jan Van Bavel. "Grandparent-grandchild relationships and grandchildren's well-being after parental divorce in Flanders, Belgium. Does lineage matter?" Journal of Family Research 32, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20377/jfr-158.

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Grandparents can play a supportive role when parents are divorced, but we know little about how important they actually are for the well-being of grandchildren. Existing studies do not distinguish between grandparental lineages. But a parental divorce usually has different consequences for relationships with grandparents on each side of the family, especially contacts with paternal grandparents getting hampered. And evolutionary perspectives suggest that maternal grandparents are more beneficial to grandchildren’s well-being than paternal grandparents. Using a sample of grandchildren with divorced parents from the study ‘Divorce in Flanders’, we study whether the quality of relationships with maternal and paternal grandparents associate with grandchildren’s subjective well-being. Our results indicate that, although relationships with maternal grandparents tend to be closer than those with paternal grandparents, the strength of relationships with maternal as well as paternal grandparents is positively associated with the well-being of grandchildren with divorced parents. This suggests that not only maternal grandparents, but also grandparents on the father’s side of the family may play a beneficial role for their grandchildren in the often difficult times after a parental divorce.
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Dannison, Linda L. "Grandparents as Parents: An Ecological Approach to Programming." Michigan Family Review 04, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3998/mfr.4919087.0004.105.

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Tinsley, Barbara J., and Ross D. Parke. "Grandparents as Interactive and Social Support Agents for Families with Young Infants." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 25, no. 4 (December 1987): 259–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/91m7-1jma-uqv6-0vh3.

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The role of grandparents in infancy was examined in a comparative analysis of grandparent-infant grandchild and parent-infant interaction patterns. A second focus of the study was an exploration of the extent to which grandparents function as social support agents for their adult children and infant grandchildren. Grandparents (30 grandmothers and 21 grandfathers) and parents (30 mothers and 30 fathers) of seven-month-old infants were observed in individual five-minute dyadic play sessions with the infant in the parents' homes, yielding twenty minutes of agent-infant interaction. The observations were scored using both time-sampling and global coding schemes. Information on grandparental support to the young parents and infants, relative to other social support sources, were also obtained from grandparents and parents. Results indicated that both grandmothers and grandfathers are active interactive and support agents, with a pattern of similarities and differences in interactive style across generation and gender. Although there was a high degree of overlap in parent and grandparent interaction styles, parents were rated as more competent. Gender consistencies were found between female agents (mothers and grandmothers) and male agents (fathers and grandfathers). High levels of intergenerational contact were reported, with both parents and grandparents highly satisfied with the contact. The results of this study support an expanded view of the effects of various agents in young children's social environment.
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MUBAROK, M. ALI. "Grandparents in Strengthening Children’s Spiritual Intelligence in Mlaten Village, Mijen District, Demak Regency." Tasamuh: Jurnal Studi Islam 15, no. 2 (October 18, 2023): 261–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47945/tasamuh.v15i2.1081.

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Abstract: Grandparenting is childcare carried out by surrogate parents (grandparents) where grandparents are part of a large family that is trusted by parents to care for their children either temporarily or permanently, in their care grandparents educate their grandchildren in the ability to strengthen spiritual intelligence which is covering a wide variety. This study uses qualitative field research, where data is obtained through interviews. The results of the study stated that the background of the occurrence of grandparents was due to various things: infidelity, divorce, or being left by their parents to work. Then grandparents in strengthening children's spiritual intelligence by familiarizing themselves with religious activities such as: learning the Koran, praying in congregation, and training themselves to be honest in all things. Then the impact of grandparents is being able to strengthen religious traits in everyday life such as worship activities, socializing well, and being able to distinguish between good and bad traits. Keywords: Grandparenting, Spiritual Intelligence, Children
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Grandparents-as-parents"

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Frazier, Charlotte N. "Custodial grandparenting among African-Americans : context, social support, role meaning, and health outcomes /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3164508.

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Carolan, Marilyn Concannon. "Grandparents raising granchildren heroism, idealism, and family /." Click here for text online. The Institute of Clinical Social Work Dissertations website, 2003. http://www.icsw.edu/_dissertations/carolan_2004.pdf.

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Dissertation (Ph.D.) -- The Institute for Clinical Social Work, 2003.
A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Institute of Clinical Social Work in partial fulfillment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
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Porterfield, Fonda K. "Family coping and adaptation among grandparents rearing grandchildren." Thesis, Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/porterfield/PorterfieldF0807.pdf.

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Conway, Marcia Anne. "Rural Grandparents Raising Grandchildren: Predictors of Parental Stress." Thesis, Montana State University, 2004. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2004/conway/ConwayM1204.pdf.

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The number of grandparents raising grandchildren has increased dramatically in the West and throughout United States in recent years. Although research on grandparent caregivers is increasing, there remains little research that addresses the challenges and issues facing grandparents raising grandchildren in rural locales. To address this shortcoming, this study examines the parental stressors experienced by rural grandparent caregivers and explores individual, parental, and community level factors that may be related to stress including length of time in the primary caregiver role, grandparents's income level, psychological well-being, parental confidence, and perceived social support. Eighty-three grandparents raising their grandchildren were recruited for this study from across the state using purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Respondents were asked to fill out a survey about their experience raising their grandchild(ren). A total of forty-four grandparents participated in this study. Data indicate that as grandparents continue in the parenting role, their parental confidence and perceived social support increases. Significant differences were noted between American Indian and Caucasian caregivers. For example, American Indian caregivers reported experiencing significantly more time in the caregiving role, reported lower incomes, and experienced more depressive symptoms than their Caucasian counterparts. The best predictors of parental stress were depression and parental confidence. As depression increased, stress likewise increased. As parental confidence increased, parental stress decreased. These findings hold important implications for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers.
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Lambert, Kellene Marie, and Deborah Ann Price. "Parenting the second time around: Voices from the Hispanic community on raising their grandchilden." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3123.

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This study explores the experiences of Hispanic grandmothers who are parenting a second time around. This study looked at the strengths, needs, services, within their kinship arrangements. Child welfare workers could gain an in-depth understanding in cultural context that could influence their practice and service delivery.
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White, Dawn Rajean. "Grandparents Raising Their Grandchildren New Roles Being Defined." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1196348651.

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McCohnell, Joan D. "The experience of African American grandmothers in fostering relative adolescents." Click here for text online. The Institute of Clinical Social Work Dissertations website, 2000. http://www.icsw.edu/_dissertations/mccohnell_2000.pdf.

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Dissertation (Ph.D.) -- The Institute for Clinical Social Work, 2000.
A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Institute of Clinical Social Work in partial fulfillment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographical references (p. 238-254)
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Moske, Amanda Kay. "A Longitudinal Examination of Factors Associated with Custodial Grandparenting: A Test of Moderated Mediation." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12167/.

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The purpose of this study was to explore the following relationships: (a) how moderating factors (gender, age, ethnicity, social support, marital status, reason for role assumption and number of grandchildren in the home) can influence the mediating role of resiliency, and (b) how resiliency may mediate the negative effects of raising grandchildren (role demands, life disruptions, and difficulties with grandchildren) on grandparent adjustment over time. Resiliency was hypothesized to have the greatest effect on custodial grandparents who experienced the most stress (i.e., older, single, Caucasian males lacking social support and raising more than one grandchild). Mediation was assessed using structural equation modeling. Results indicated resilience mediated the relationship between role assumptions (i.e., role demands and life disruptions) and grandparent adjustment; however, resilience did not mediate the relationship between grandchild characteristics and grandparent adjustment. Due to the small number of custodial grandfathers (n = 14), non-married grandparents (n = 29), non-Caucasian grandparents (n = 10), the small number of grandparents who assumed the custodial role for less ambiguous reasons (n = 24), and the number of custodial grandparents with more than one grandchild residing in the home (n = 29) participating within the study, hierarchical multiple regressions were only conducted to test for moderated mediation for perceived social support and the age of the grandparent. Results indicated resilience mediates the relationship between life disruption and grandparent well-being for younger custodial grandparents and for custodial grandparents with perceived high social support.
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Moske, Amanda Kay Neumann Craig Stephen. "A longitudinal examination of factors associated with custodial grandparenting a test of moderated mediation /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12167.

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Hoffman, Nancy J. "Grandparents raising grandchildren : a comparison of parenting styles in different time periods." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1063418.

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The purpose of this study was to compare the parenting style used by grandparents in the first-time parenting of their children with the parenting style used by grandparents in the second-time parenting of their grandchildren. In addition, a comparison was made between first-time parenting and second-time parenting and the parenting style experienced by these grandparents as children in their family of origin.The Grandparents Parenting Grandchildren Questionnaire (GPGQ) was distributed to 505 grandparents raising grandchildren between birth and 12 years old in HARP Grandparenting Support Groups in six states. One hundred fortyfour responses were analyzed at the .05 level of significance measuring the multivariate difference between four parenting styles (authoritarian, permissive, rejecting/neglecting, and authoritative). Ten grandparents were interviewed by telephone.Results1. The multivariate difference between the parenting style used by grandparents in the first-time parenting of their own children with second-time parenting of grandchildren was significant. In parenting their own children, grandparents were more authoritarian, more rejective, and less authoritative than they were in parenting their grandchildren.2. The multivariate difference between the parenting style used by grandparents in the first-time parenting as compared with their memories of the parenting style used in their family of origin was significant. In parenting their own children grandparents were found to be less authoritarian, more permissive, less rejective, and more authoritative than their parents were.3. The multivariate difference between the parenting style used by the grandparents in the second-time parenting of their grandchildren and the parenting style experienced as children in their family of origin was significant. When parenting their grandchildren grandparents were found to be less authoritarian, more permissive, less rejective and more authoritative than their parents were.4. Grandparents reported raising their grandchildren differently from their children (54.1%), the same (33.3%), and 12.5% did not answer the question.5. Grandparents from telephone interviews reported some differences in second-time parenting from the first-time parenting due to available resources, legal arrangements, family issues, understanding of discipline, and the role differences.
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Books on the topic "Grandparents-as-parents"

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Quesada, Cristina Villalba. Abuelas cuidadoras: Una aportación para el trabajo social. Valencia: Tirant lo Blanch, 2002.

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Victoria. Office of the Child Safety Commissioner. Parenting for grandparents and other relative carers. Melbourne, Victoria, Australia: Child Safety Commissioner, 2009.

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Illinois. Department on Aging. Grandparents raising grandchildren in Illinois: Help is available for grandparents and other relatives who are caring for children. 7th ed. Springfield, Ill: Illinois Dept. on Aging, 2006.

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Aging, Illinois Dept on. Grandparents raising grandchildren in Illinois: Help is available for grandparents and other relatives who are caring for children. 2nd ed. Springfield, Ill: Illinois Dept. on Aging, 2002.

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Bryson, Ken. Coresident grandparents and grandchildren. [Washington, DC]: Census Bureau, 1999.

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Bryson, Kenneth Roy. Coresident grandparents and grandchildren. [Washington, DC]: Census Bureau, 1999.

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Illinois. Department on Aging. Grandparents raising grandchildren in Illinois: A guide to finding help for grandparent caregivers coping with the unexpected responsibility of raising young children. Springfield, Ill: Illinois Dept. on Aging, 1995.

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Illinois. Department on Aging. Grandparents raising grandchildren in Illinois: A guide to finding help for grandparent caregivers coping with the unexpected responsibility of raising young children. 9th ed. Springfield, Ill.]: [Illinois Dept. on Aging], 1997.

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Illinois. Dept. on Aging. Abuelos/as criando nietos en Illinois: La ayuda esta disponible para los abuelos y otros parientes quee cuiden de nin os. 2nd ed. Springfield, Ill: Illinois Dept. on Aging, 2002.

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Ochiltree, Gay. Grandparents, grandchildren and the generation in between. Camberwell, Vic: ACER Press, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Grandparents-as-parents"

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Lois, Daniel. "Social Networks, Family Social Capital, and Child Health." In Social Networks and Health Inequalities, 109–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97722-1_7.

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AbstractThis article reviews literature on social network effects on children's health. Regarding structural aspects, it can be seen that social networks for children consist in the inner circle mainly of members of the core family (parents, siblings) and in the extended circle of other family members such as grandparents and friends. Network size and the proportion of friends in the network increase with the age of the children. With regard to network effects on health it becomes clear that child health is influenced directly by the child’s social network as well as indirectly by the social network of the parents. Of the various theoretical mechanisms that can be used to explain these findings —for example, social support, social contagion, or social control—the support mechanism is best empirically confirmed. Furthermore, it is consistently shown that family social capital correlates positively with the socioeconomic resources of parents in Western industrialized countries. In emerging and developing countries, it is apparent that children’s health is increasingly dependent on the availability of social support.
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Zhao, Yan, and Yu Huang. "The Mobility of the Elderly and Family-Based Care: A Case Study of Chinese Migrant (Grand)Parents." In IMISCOE Research Series, 15–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67615-5_2.

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AbstractThis chapter focuses on elderly Chinese migrants, who have migrated within the country in order to take care of their grandchildren. It explores these grandparents’ mobility in relation to the intergenerational contract on care, a cultural praxis that constitutes the core of the family-based care regime in China. Based on qualitative data from 16 in-depth interviews with migrant grandparents living in Shenzhen, we analyse their decisions to move and their future plans regarding the dilemma of whether to stay or to return home. The analysis is embedded in recent discussions of Chinese descending familism or neo-familism. Additionally, the chapter proposes to add a welfare perspective in order to better understand the continuing internal migrations in China and highlights the connections between the migration of the elderly and China’s family-based care regime into which the care arrangements within the family are incorporated. Inspired by the concept of the ‘welfare resource environment’, we propose a conceptualisation of a translocal care space comprising transversal generational, sibling and in-law relations in order to understand the mobility of older migrants in relation to the care needs and arrangements within the family. Consequently, the mobility of the elderly can be understood as being determined by how these older migrants position themselves within the translocal care space.
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Westheimer, Ruth K., and Steven Kaplan. "Starting Over: Grandparents as Parents." In Grandparenthood, 189–217. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315786865-12.

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Westheimer, Ruth K., and Steven Kaplan. "Starting Over: Grandparents as Parents." In Grandparenthood, 189–217. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003061601-12.

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Hunt, Joan. "Grandparents as substitute parents in the UK." In The Role of Grandparents in the 21st Century, 45–56. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429022180-4.

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Burton, Linda, and Cynthia deVries. "Challenges and Rewards: African American Grandparents as Surrogate Parents*." In Families and Aging, 101–8. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315227528-12.

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Smith, Christian, and Amy Adamczyk. "How Family Life Shapes Religious Parenting." In Handing Down the Faith, 161–90. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190093327.003.0007.

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When parents think about how they want to pass on their religion to their children, they often consider their own experiences as children, as well as the individuals with whom their children spend a lot of time. These people include their own parents, grandparents, and, of course, partners. This chapter explores how these other people, both their physical presence as well as childhood memories of them, affect how they try to transmit religion to their offspring. The chapter examines general similarities and differences between adult children and their parents in their childrearing style. It also considers the extent to which adult children draw upon childrearing approaches learned from their parents. The role of grandparents is discussed, as well as the important influence of partners in shaping religious faith transmission. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the different processes married parents and those who are divorced or single engage.
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Kirby, James N. "Working with Grandparents and Extended Family Members." In The Power of Positive Parenting, edited by Matthew R. Sanders and Trevor G. Mazzucchelli, 196–205. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190629069.003.0016.

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Many parents and families require the help of grandparents or other extended family members in helping with the upbringing of children. This chapter focuses on the role of grandparents, specifically addressing some of the benefits and challenges this raises for family dynamics. There are five key areas reviewed: (a) why the inclusion of grandparents is helpful; (b) what grandparent factors affect families; (c) the role parenting interventions can have with extended family members; (d) how Triple P has and can be applied to this population; and (e) a number of clinical implications to consider when working with grandparents. Overall, the aim of this chapter is to provide some insights into how the involvement of grandparents can enhance parenting and family outcomes. These insights can then be used as examples when considering the involvement of other extended family members in the regular care of children.
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Qi, Xiaoying. "Floating Grandparents." In Remaking Families in Contemporary China, 52–81. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197510988.003.0003.

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The chapter supplements the conventional image of vulnerable “left behind” children and elderly in the villages and towns in China from which mobile young adults depart to seek employment in urban areas. By showing an increasing propensity of aged parents to provide childcare in the cities where their adult children are employed, it identifies an intergenerational dimension of the floating population of migratory workers. The chapter provides a more complete representation of internal migration and urbanization in contemporary China by examining the childcare provided by grandparents as a form of reproductive labor that enables the labor-force participation of their adult children and thus contributes to social reproduction. The change in the notions of family obligation initiated by young people has received much research attention; the chapter shows, however, that grandparents frequently initiate renegotiations of filial obligation. The chapter reconceptualizes intergenerational support by considering the importance of pre-exchange obligation, emotional attachment, and symbolic values in intergenerational interactions, factors conventional approaches typically ignore.
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Timonen, Virpi. "Conclusions: the grandparents’ century?" In Grandparenting Practices around the World, 271–84. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447340645.003.0014.

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This chapter contains reflections on the notion that the 21st century could be called the ‘grandparents’ century’. This is a reference to the prediction that, by the middle of this century, there will be relatively more ‘old’ people than children in the global population. As the majority of older adults are grandparents, the global population in the 21st century is characterised by the presence of unprecedented numbers of grandparents. Grandparents will be increasingly old, and many of them will enjoy good health. In some cases, they might even compete over the opportunity to spend time with and care for one or two grandchildren. Higher proportions of the younger grandparents will be working, if the plans to extend working lives succeed, but they will share such long spans of life with their grandchildren that they might have a better opportunity to bond when the latter are teenagers or young adults. Grandparents, rather than parents, might become important sources of direct material transfers to their grandchildren. Whether and when people become grandparents, and how this varies across contexts, and across cohorts, is set to define a new type of inequality – in access to, or inability to enter, the grandparent role.
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Conference papers on the topic "Grandparents-as-parents"

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Jiang, Xue. "How Collective Childcare Arrangements are Sustained in Rural China During Socioeconomic Transformation." In International Association of Cross Cultural Psychology Congress. International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4087/tgzh4306.

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The ecological theory of cultural change suggests that socioeconomic development enhances individualism and weakens collectivism. Yet, collectivism in terms of childcare arrangements seems to persist in rapidly transforming China. It is possible that Confucian ideals and rural to urban migration promoted kin-based cooperation and enhanced collectivism. To explore such possibilities, forty-five caregivers of two generations from an ethnic village located in the Southwest of China were invited to share their childcare arrangements, priorities, and histories. Iterative thematic analyses revealed that improved life quality allowed caregivers the time and resources to attend to children’s personal well-being, whilst socioeconomic potentials and limitations pressured caregivers to cooperate for children’s developments. Emphases on psychological autonomy and relatedness, and material relatedness all increased. Further, regardless of migrant status, grandparents (<em>n =</em> 24) and parents (<em>n =</em> 21) readily agreed on childcare cooperation for supporting their children’s education and future mobility. Traditional virtues, such as filial piety, endurance, and sacrifice, fostered caregivers’ reciprocal and kin altruism, proposing the involvement of morality in explaining cultural orientations and changes.
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Yantzi, R., M. Hadiuzzaman, PS Gupta, A. Lamrous, K. Richardson, J. Pringle, L. Schwartz, P. Hossain, D. Kizito, and S. Burza. "Communication, empathy, and trust: lived experiences of caregiver—staff relationships while providing palliative and end-of-life care to children in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh." In MSF Paediatric Days 2022. NYC: MSF-USA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57740/2rds-ya16.

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BACKGROUND AND AIMS MSF Goyalmara Hospital in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, offers the highest level of paediatric and neonatal care serving the Rohingya refugee camps. Efforts are underway to integrate palliative care due to high mortality and medical complexity of patients, yet little is known about the experience of staff delivering palliative and end-of-life care. METHODS This focused ethnography was conducted between March and August 2021 at Goyalmara Hospital. Data collection involved participant observation, individual interviews with locally-hired (17) and international staff (5), focus group discussions with locally-hired staff (5), and analysis of protocols and other documents. A coding scheme was developed, and data coded using NVivo 11. RESULTS Staff perceived gaining the trust of caregivers (parents, grandparents) to be an essential step to providing palliative care and a source of professional fulfillment. Misunderstanding and mistrust were morally distressing to staff, and they experienced intense guilt when they believed that misunderstandings contributed to children’s deaths. Efforts to ensure caregiver understanding were complicated by language and cultural differences between staff and caregivers. Staff felt an obligation to suppress their emotional responses to death and dying, even though they acknowledged that this risked caregivers perceiving them as uncaring. Tensions emerged as some staff passed moral judgement on caregivers who they felt were making the ‘wrong decision’, or who brought a child to hospital too late to save their life. Likewise, staff perceived that caregivers did not always believe the staff were acting in their child’s best interests. Other staff were able to empathise with the impacts of grief and systematic exclusion on caregivers’ reactions and decision-making. CONCLUSIONS Positive therapeutic relationships with caregivers may alleviate an important source of moral distress among staff. Access to translation services, communication and grief resilience training, and appreciating psychological impacts of systematic healthcare exclusion on communities may mitigate this distress.
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Bauer, Candice. "Techniques for Teaching Communication Skills to the Millennial Generation." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-10192.

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Techniques for teaching communication skills to engineering students of the Millennial Generation are reviewed. A detailed outline of the characteristics of the Millennial Generation are described and compared to the traits of other generations. The Millennial Generation has several distinct characteristics such as developing inclusive relationships, tolerating authority, and leading by collaboration. This contrasts with the characteristics of the Baby Boomers and Generation X (the majority of professors and the students’ parents); however, the characteristics align closely with the Traditionalist Generation (higher administration and the students’ grandparents). Strategies for working among the generations are detailed resulting in the creation of an understanding of how to teach to the Millennial Generation. In order to aid the understanding, lesson plans which focus on creating a learner-centered environment are detailed. The lesson plans include objectives, strategies, content, activities, assessment techniques, and ABET alignment. The topics include team building, effective meetings, a term project, writing skills, and speaking skills. Team building illustrates why and how a team achieves its objectives. Example activities include the development of a team charter. The effective meetings lesson plan details techniques on how to teach students project management skills. Criteria for developing term projects to match the Millennial Generation characteristics are detailed, and an example which also includes K-12 outreach activities is presented. The lesson plan for speaking and writing skills defines grading rubrics for the evaluation and assessment of technical writing and presentations. This work has been in development and implemented for nearly five years in a junior level, multidisciplinary course entitled, Engineering Communications, at the University of Nevada, Reno. The lesson plans are evaluated based on course evaluations, industry interviews, case studies, and an alumni survey.
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