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1
Franklin, C. "Grandparents as Parents." Children & Schools 21, no. 3 (July 1, 1999): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cs/21.3.131.
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Tout, Ken. "Grandparents as parents." Ageing International 21, no. 1 (March 1994): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02681175.
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Minkler, Meredith. "Grandparents as parents." Ageing International 21, no. 1 (March 1994): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02681176.
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Hunt, Joan. "Grandparents as substitute parents in the UK." Contemporary Social Science 13, no. 2 (January 22, 2018): 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2017.1417629.
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Xie, Hui, Linda L. Caldwell, and Steven Loy. "Latino grandparents’ perception of disagreements with parents in children’s leisure time physical activity." Health Education Journal 79, no. 5 (December 24, 2019): 543–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896919894600.
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Background: Latino grandparents are often involved in the care and rearing of grandchildren and may help parents in promoting children’s leisure time physical activity (LTPA). However, potential disagreements between grandparents and parents may undermine their collaboration and subsequently their support for children’s LTPA. Aim: The purpose of this study was to explore Latino grandparents’ perception of disagreements with parents in children’s (age 2–12) LTPA. Methods: Qualitative data were collected from 53 Latino grandparents in Los Angeles County, USA, using four semi-structured focus groups and 26 semi-structured interviews. Transcribed data were systematically and iteratively coded and analysed. Results: Many Latino grandparents disagreed with parents’ sedentary lifestyle, permissive parenting and lack of support for children’s LTPA. In addition, Latino grandparents described disagreement with parents in specific issues such as children’s LTPA options and safety during LTPA. Conclusion: There were disagreements between Latino grandparents and parents concerning children’s LTPA. Health researchers and practitioners should be aware of those disagreements and consider using education/intervention programmes to reduce the tension between Latino grandparents and parents and increase their collaborative support for children’s LTPA.
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Alber, Erdmute. "Grandparents as Foster-Parents: Transformations in Foster Relations Between Grandparents and Grandchildren in Northern Benin." Africa 74, no. 1 (February 2004): 28–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2004.74.1.28.
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AbstractThis article deals with an aspect of the special relationship between grandparents and grandchildren: the fosterage of grandchildren by their (classificatory) grandparents. By becoming social parents with full responsibility for their social children, grandparents—as foster-parents—take upon themselves the characteristics typical both of parental roles involving authority, and grand-parental behaviour involving joking, warmth and proximity to their fostered grandchildren. The practices of grandparental fosterage, as well as changes in them, need to be understood in the broader context of widespread fosterage among Baatombu, where the majority of children grow up not with their biological parents but with foster-parents. The gradual decline of old forms of fosterage is affecting foster practices between grandparents and grandchildren. The grandparents’ generation evaluate this decline negatively and fear that changing fosterage patterns may adversely affect their social security in old age.
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Jappens, Maaike, and Jan Van Bavel. "Grandparent-grandchild relationships and grandchildren's well-being after parental divorce in Flanders, Belgium. Does lineage matter?" Journal of Family Research 32, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20377/jfr-158.
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Grandparents can play a supportive role when parents are divorced, but we know little about how important they actually are for the well-being of grandchildren. Existing studies do not distinguish between grandparental lineages. But a parental divorce usually has different consequences for relationships with grandparents on each side of the family, especially contacts with paternal grandparents getting hampered. And evolutionary perspectives suggest that maternal grandparents are more beneficial to grandchildren’s well-being than paternal grandparents. Using a sample of grandchildren with divorced parents from the study ‘Divorce in Flanders’, we study whether the quality of relationships with maternal and paternal grandparents associate with grandchildren’s subjective well-being. Our results indicate that, although relationships with maternal grandparents tend to be closer than those with paternal grandparents, the strength of relationships with maternal as well as paternal grandparents is positively associated with the well-being of grandchildren with divorced parents. This suggests that not only maternal grandparents, but also grandparents on the father’s side of the family may play a beneficial role for their grandchildren in the often difficult times after a parental divorce.
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Dannison, Linda L. "Grandparents as Parents: An Ecological Approach to Programming." Michigan Family Review 04, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3998/mfr.4919087.0004.105.
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Tinsley, Barbara J., and Ross D. Parke. "Grandparents as Interactive and Social Support Agents for Families with Young Infants." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 25, no. 4 (December 1987): 259–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/91m7-1jma-uqv6-0vh3.
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The role of grandparents in infancy was examined in a comparative analysis of grandparent-infant grandchild and parent-infant interaction patterns. A second focus of the study was an exploration of the extent to which grandparents function as social support agents for their adult children and infant grandchildren. Grandparents (30 grandmothers and 21 grandfathers) and parents (30 mothers and 30 fathers) of seven-month-old infants were observed in individual five-minute dyadic play sessions with the infant in the parents' homes, yielding twenty minutes of agent-infant interaction. The observations were scored using both time-sampling and global coding schemes. Information on grandparental support to the young parents and infants, relative to other social support sources, were also obtained from grandparents and parents. Results indicated that both grandmothers and grandfathers are active interactive and support agents, with a pattern of similarities and differences in interactive style across generation and gender. Although there was a high degree of overlap in parent and grandparent interaction styles, parents were rated as more competent. Gender consistencies were found between female agents (mothers and grandmothers) and male agents (fathers and grandfathers). High levels of intergenerational contact were reported, with both parents and grandparents highly satisfied with the contact. The results of this study support an expanded view of the effects of various agents in young children's social environment.
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MUBAROK, M. ALI. "Grandparents in Strengthening Children’s Spiritual Intelligence in Mlaten Village, Mijen District, Demak Regency." Tasamuh: Jurnal Studi Islam 15, no. 2 (October 18, 2023): 261–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47945/tasamuh.v15i2.1081.
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Grandparenting is childcare carried out by surrogate parents (grandparents) where grandparents are part of a large family that is trusted by parents to care for their children either temporarily or permanently, in their care grandparents educate their grandchildren in the ability to strengthen spiritual intelligence which is covering a wide variety. This study uses qualitative field research, where data is obtained through interviews. The results of the study stated that the background of the occurrence of grandparents was due to various things: infidelity, divorce, or being left by their parents to work. Then grandparents in strengthening children's spiritual intelligence by familiarizing themselves with religious activities such as: learning the Koran, praying in congregation, and training themselves to be honest in all things. Then the impact of grandparents is being able to strengthen religious traits in everyday life such as worship activities, socializing well, and being able to distinguish between good and bad traits.
Keywords: Grandparenting, Spiritual Intelligence, Children
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Ponzetti, James J. "Bereaved Families: A Comparison of Parents' and Grandparents' Reactions to the Death of a Child." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 25, no. 1 (August 1992): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/tcpt-2x0f-e0dt-8lfw.
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Most research has dealt with the bereaved person as an individual and ignored the context in which the person grieves. The occurrence of a death in the family is experienced in various ways, depending on the nature of the relationships within the family. The purpose of this study was to investigate how different family members experience a child's death by comparing the grief reactions of parents and grandparents within the same family. Most parents and grandparents reported subjectively experiencing affective changes in reflecting on the death that did not appear to alter behavior patterns. The majority of parents mentioned that they felt or acted differently toward their surviving children as a result of the death, whereas only one third of the grandparents noted any differences toward their grandchildren. Overall, parents' reactions centered on their deceased child whereas grandparents' concerns focused on their children (i.e., the parents of the deceased child).
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Holewińska-Łapińska, Elżbieta. "Establishment of Contacts between Grandparents and Minor Grandchildren in the Practice of Polish Courts." Prawo w Działaniu 34 (2018): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32041/pwd.3406.
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This article concerns contacts of grandparents with minor grandchildren (Art. 1136 of the Family and Guardianship Code); the related problems are presented against the backdrop of social and pedagogical aspects of intergenerational bonds. The author presents the thesis that contacts between grandparents and minor grandchildren should be perceived not only as a right, but also as a duty of the parties, though having a lesser intensity than the similar relationship between parents and their minor children. In case of a conflict between the standpoints of parents and children concerning contacts with grandparents, the primary duty of minor children is that of obedience towards parents, which takes precedence over the duty of contact with grandparents. Yet parents should exercise parental authority in such a way so as to avoid creating conflicts of loyalty on the children’s part. Moreover, they should take steps to enable their children to discharge their legal duties, established in the minors’ interest. The article also presents the basic findings from a study of court files in cases relating to grandparents’ applications for establishment of their contacts with minor grandchildren.
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Whitley, Deborah M., Esme Fuller-Thomson, and Sarah Brennenstuhl. "Health Characteristics of Solo Grandparent Caregivers and Single Parents: A Comparative Profile Using the Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance Survey." Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/630717.
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Objectives. To describe the health characteristics of solo grandparents raising grandchildren compared with single parents.Methods. Using the 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, respondents identified as a single grandparent raising a grandchild were categorized as asolo grandparent; grandparent responses were compared with single parents. Descriptive analysis compared health characteristics of 925 solo grandparents with 7,786 single parents.Results. Compared to single parents, grandparents have a higher prevalence of physical health problems (e.g., arthritis). Both parent groups have a high prevalence of lifetime depression. A larger share of grandparents actively smoke and did no recreational physical exercise in the last month. However, grandparents appear to have better access to health services in comparison with single parents.Conclusion. Solo grandparents may be at risk for diminished physical capacity and heightened prevalence of depression. Health professionals can be an important resource to increase grandparents’ physical and emotional capacities.
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Strom, Robert D., and Paris S. Strom. "Education for grandparents in longevity societies." Journal of Adult and Continuing Education 24, no. 2 (November 2018): 208–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477971418810652.
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What should grandparents be expected to learn in longevity societies experiencing rapid social transformation? Grounded theory was initially applied to identify assumptions, goals and curriculum. The Grandparent Strengths and Needs Inventory was developed to record the observations of grandparent attitudes and behaviours as seen by grandparents, parents and grandchildren. This research report describes (a) an educational intervention programme that confirmed grandparents are able to improve relationships with family members, (b) protocols for application by support groups of grandparents raising their grandchildren, (c) a model for education of assisted living residents with reliance on indigenous leadership, and (d) methods to determine strengths and learning needs grandparents in particular cultures have in common. Grandparent courses have been offered in public schools, universities, libraries, senior centres, and religious institutions and emphasize (a) conversation agenda for grandparents to explore with individual grandchildren and their parents, (b) awareness of the challenges parents encounter and ways to help them attain their goals, and (c) learning about grandchild experiences from infancy through early adulthood.
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Findler, Liora, and Orit Taubman Ben-Ari. "Social Workers' Perceptions and Practice regarding Grandparents in Families of Children with a Developmental Disability." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 84, no. 1 (January 2003): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.78.
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This study examined Israeli social workers' knowledge and practice concerning grandparents of children with disabilities. Eighty-one social workers providing services to families of children with disabilities responded to a 31-item questionnaire tapping demographic and professional background, knowledge of structural and functional aspects of grandparents' support, and actual practice with grandparents. The results showed that social workers recognize the significant and stable role grandparents play in the network of parents of children with disabilities. The findings also indicated that social workers believe that while parents need mostly emotional support from grandparents, they actually receive primary instrumental support, which contributes to mothers' adjustment more than it does to fathers' adjustment. As to actual practice, social workers report rarely involving grandparents in professional activities. Moreover, many social workers show no interest in obtaining more professional training in this area. The findings present a challenge to the social work profession to be more attentive to the significant family resource of grandparents in families of children with disabilities.
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Bagirova, Anna P. "Volumes, Forms and Functions of Grandparental Labor: Estimates of Ural Parents." Social’naya politika i sociologiya 20, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17922/2071-3665-2021-20-3-33-42.
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The purpose of the article is to study the volumes, forms, content, specific subjects of grandparental labor, to assess the determinants of the frequency of implementation of this type of labor. We used the data of a sociological survey conducted in May-June 2021. Residents of the Sverdlovsk region who have both minor children and their parents and(or) their spouse’s parents living at the same time were interviewed. The main results are as follows: 1) every fifth parent surveyed uses the help of grandparents on an almost daily basis; the same number-on weekends. In a little more than a quarter of cases, there is no grandparental assistance to families; 2) raising grandchildren is the most common form of assistance to a family with children from the older generation; 3) parents on the part of the child’s mother often perform the functions of grandparental labor than parents on the part of the child’s father; 4) most often, grandparents perform a communicative function; then follows the introduction to work, then accompanying children to various educational institutions, organizing leisure activities, attending cultural events, etc.; 5) in the group of parents who are not helped by grandparents, the average number of children is higher; 6) more intense desire to increase the amount of assistance from the grandparents is expressed by those parents who are currently less often helped by grandparents. The results obtained can be used in the development of tools aimed at activating grandparental labor in Russia, as well as mechanisms for stimulating it.
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Li, Ivy, Sepali Guruge, and Charlotte Lee. "Super Visa Program: Immigration Policy Changes and Social Injustice under the Neoliberal Governmentality in Canada." Studies in Social Justice 17, no. 3 (October 3, 2023): 477–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v17i3.3648.
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In November 2011, Citizenship and Immigration Canada paused the parents/grandparents (PGP) sponsorship immigration and announced a new Super Visa program simultaneously to facilitate family reunification, specifically among older adults waiting to be reunified with their children in Canada. We conducted a qualitative study to understand the experiences of immigrant families with the Super Visa Program. In total, 19 semi-structured interviews were conducted in Toronto with Chinese immigrants and parents holding a Super Visa. Our findings revealed that Super Visa program is helpful for family reunification, especially for those whose regular visa applications are not successful. However, Super Visa is still a visitor visa and parents/grandparents have to leave after a maximum of two years. This temporary status of their parents does not promote among immigrants a sense of belonging in Canada, but reinforces their feeling of being treated as “foreigner”. They also debunked the stigma that older parents/grandparents come to Canada for better welfare and are non-contributor and a burden to Canadian society. We observe older parents/grandparents are categorized as “undesirable” and their unpaid contributions to immigrant family and Canada society are rendered invisible. We argue there exits an inherent link between PGP policy changes and social injustice. Behind the negative portrayal of older parents/grandparents and policy changes on them is State’s neoliberal governmentality grounded upon market norms and mechanism. The immigration and social injustice inflicting on older PGP migrants manifests that neoliberal immigration regime is still structurally raced, gendered, classed, and may be intertwined with other stigmatizing dynamics such as ageist, ableist etc. within the State’s power relationship.
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Strom, Robert, Shirley Strom, Pat Collinsworth, Saburo Sato, Katsuko Makino, Yasuyuki Sasaki, Hiroko Sasaki, Norihiro Nishio, and Norihiro Nishio. "Grandparents in Japan: A Three-Generational Study." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 40, no. 3 (April 1995): 209–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/kyfj-dgwf-wjb8-flyr.
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Grandparents in Japan believe that their status in the family is eroding. They want to be influential but social policy has not included education for their changing role. The purpose of this study was to identify strengths and needs of Japanese grandparents as perceived by three generations. Each generation completed a separate version of the Grandparent Strengths and Needs Inventory. Multivariate analysis of variance procedures were used to compare perceptions of 239 grandparents, 266 parents, and 274 school-age grandchildren from cities and small towns. Grandparents reported more satisfaction, greater success, and more extensive involvement in teaching than was observed by parents and grandchildren. Grandparents experienced greater difficulty, more frustration, and felt less informed to carry out their role than was reported by parents and grandchildren. Significant main effects that influenced responses about grandparent performance were generation, gender of grandchild, age of grandchild, generations living together, frequency of grandchild care by grandparent, and amount of time they spent together. Considerations were identified to improve grandparent behavior and guide the development of educational programs for them.
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Xia, Cong, Ting Wei, Qi Tang, Hongying Zheng, Gang Chen, and Jun Lu. "Depression and Associated Factors among Family Caregivers of Children with Disabilities: Analysis of Intergenerational Differences." Healthcare 11, no. 19 (October 8, 2023): 2693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11192693.
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Family caregivers of children with disabilities might face high risks of depression, whereas the existing literature focused more on parents neglecting grandparents. This study investigated 380 parents and 108 grandparents of children with disabilities to identify depression and associated factors. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, Mann–Whitney U test, and multivariable logistic regression were performed to describe the participants’ characteristics and risks of depression and identify significant factors. Results showed that parents (35.5%) had higher risks of depression than grandparents (32.4%), but statistical differences were not found. Children’s sleep problems (AOR = 1.751, 95%CI = 1.019, 3.008), harmonious family relationships (AOR = 0.694, 95%CI = 0.569, 0.846), and better barrier-free construction (AOR = 0.742, 95%CI = 0.568, 0.970) were significantly associated with depression among parents. As for grandparents, higher education (AOR = 4.108, 95%CI = 1.526, 11.057) and caring for children who experience frequent mood swings (AOR = 2.242, 95%CI = 1.161, 4.329) were associated with higher risks of depression. Further, house ownership (AOR = 0.167, 95%CI = 0.031, 0.887), higher family cohesion (AOR = 0.545, 95%CI = 0.297, 1.000), and better barrier-free construction (AOR = 0.401, 95%CI = 0.185, 0.869) were associated with lower odds of depression. Therefore, both parents and grandparents of children with disabilities had high risks of depression and thus required urgent attention. Healthcare providers and policymakers should develop and implement interventions considering intergenerational differences to reach optimal efficiency.
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Doku, David Teye, Paulyn Jean Acacio-Claro, Leena Koivusilta, and Arja Rimpelä. "Social determinants of adolescent smoking over three generations." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 48, no. 6 (April 11, 2019): 646–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494819839854.
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Aim: We studied how multigenerational socioeconomic circumstances influence adolescents’ smoking. Previous studies have shown that low academic achievement as well as parents’ low socioeconomic circumstances are associated with adolescents’ smoking, but there are few studies on grandparents’ influence on their grandchildren’s smoking. For the chain of three generations, we hypothesised that high socioeconomic circumstances of both parents and grandparents decrease the probability of smoking and adolescents’ own education and circumstances contribute to this association. We further investigated the role of intergenerational social mobility. Method: Survey data from 1979 to 1997 on 12- to 18-year-old Finns ( n=54,487) were linked with 1970–2009 registry-based data of their grandparents, parents and themselves. Socioeconomic circumstances among parents and grandparents were measured by socioeconomic status, education and material resources and among adolescents by academic achievement, educational orientation, family structure and parental smoking. Logistic regression analysis was used to study the associations. Results: Associations of adolescent smoking with grandparental socioeconomic circumstances were weak and mediated through parental circumstances. Parental smoking and divorce and living in a non-intact family increased smoking. Adolescents’ low academic achievement and orientation to low education level were the most important predictors of smoking. Upward intergenerational social mobility between fathers and children decreased the risk of smoking, whereas downward mobility increased it. Conclusions: The influence of grandparents’ low socioeconomic circumstances on grandchildren’s smoking is mediated through parents’ socioeconomic circumstances. Low academic achievement in adolescence is a strong predictor of smoking and adolescents orient towards the group of their future education level, not that of their parents.
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Bagirova, Anna, and Natalia Blednova. "Parental Leave as a Potential Demographic Policy Instrument in Russia: Mixed-Methods Research." European Conference on Research Methodology for Business and Management Studies 21, no. 1 (May 23, 2022): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/ecrm.21.1.217.
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In many countries, parental leave is an effective demographic policy measure. Its regulation is considered an important determinant of the birth rate. In Russia, the parental leave system is not flexible; however, the legislation provides for one of the longest parental leave in the world—36 months. According to a popular stereotype in Russia, as parental leave is longer than in other countries, there is no need to debate its effectiveness. This very reason may explain a lack of parental leave research in Russia.
Our paper aims to demonstrate how mixed-methods research can be applied to study parental leave in Russia. In 2021, to analyse the problem in the Sverdlovsk Region (one of the largest), we did the following:
1) surveyed 500 parents with both children under the age of 12 and currently living parents (i.e., grandparents);
2) surveyed 500 grandparents with grandchildren under the age of 12.
In both surveys, we used river sample. To increase the randomicity of the sample, we recruited respondents using multiple channels and sampled them with equal probability into the population analysed;
3) conducted focus groups with parents having both children under the age of 12 and currently living parents and with grandparents having grandchildren under the age of 12.
Our mixed-methods research yielded the following results.
The parents surveyed view mothers as primary leave-takers. They also refer to grandmothers (most often, maternal ones) and fathers as potential leave-takers.
Grandparents’ opinions on leave-takers are also diverse; their responses vary as much as parents’ ones. However, they are more restraint in terms of their own role as potential leave-takers.
As focus groups revealed, “if a need arises”, parents are willing to delegate the right for parental leave to grandparents, who agree to take it.
Our methodology is based on the mixed-methods research strategy. It allowed us to identify social attitudes towards the existing parental leave system in Russia and to draw attention to its transformation. The results may be of use when developing new mechanisms for the Russian state demographic policy.
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Leung, Cynthia, and Barbara Fung. "Non-custodial grandparent caregiving in Chinese families: implications for family dynamics." Journal of Children's Services 9, no. 4 (December 9, 2014): 307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcs-04-2014-0026.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the needs and experiences of Chinese families where grandparents were involved in the non-custodial care of their grandchildren. Design/methodology/approach – In total five grandparent focus groups and three parent focus groups were conducted. The data were analysed using the constant comparative method. Findings – Though most grandparents enjoyed their grandparent roles, there were differences in the perception of the grandparent role between grandparents and parents. Both grandparents and parents reported intergenerational conflicts on the management of the grandchildren, which was distressing for both parties. Practical implications – It was suggested that grandparent training programmes might be a viable strategy to support families. Originality/value – The study provided insights into family dynamics in the context of grandparent caregiving, child development, as well as children's services.
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Bengtson, Vern L., Casey E. Copen, Norella M. Putney, and Merril Silverstein. "A Longitudinal Study of the Intergenerational Transmission of Religion." International Sociology 24, no. 3 (April 28, 2009): 325–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268580909102911.
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The longitudinal study of religious transmission or influence across generations is an important but underexamined area of research, particularly in terms of the religious influence of grandparents. How much influence do grandparents have on grandchildren's religious beliefs and practices, and has this changed over the past 30 years? As grandparents have become increasingly important in multigenerational families, do they exert an influence on their grandchildren's religiosity that is distinct from that of parents? Drawing on the Longitudinal Study of Generations (LSOG), this article uses grandparent—parent—grandchild triads and a generational sequential design to examine the transmission of three dimensions of religiosity — religious service attendance, religiousness and religious ideology — across generations from 1971 to 2000. Results indicate that in 1971 grandparents significantly influenced grandchildren's religious service attendance and religiousness, but these effects had weakened by 2000. The opposite pattern occurred for the transmission of conservative religious beliefs where there was a significant grandparent on grandchild effect in 2000, but not in 1971. Grandparents were also found to influence all three dimensions of grandchildren's religiosity independent of that of parents, suggesting that religious beliefs and practices formed within nuclear and extended families persist into adulthood with parents and grandparents simultaneously serving as independent and joint agents of religious socialization. In these analyses it was found that the influence of grandmothers on granddaughters' religiosity was especially pronounced. In general, the study shows a significant degree of religious influence across three generations in the family, and offers an expanded view of religious socialization by considering grandparents as active contributors to the religiosity of young adults.
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Said, Fatma F. S. "Grandparents as custodians of Arabic as a heritage language in the United Kingdom." Sociolinguistic Studies 18, no. 1-2 (April 29, 2024): 107–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/sols.24784.
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The phenomenon of three-generation households is typical in many homes across the world, though perhaps less so in North America and Western Europe. When multigeneration families share the same physical space and take part in the same activities, the dynamics of parenting, eating, how time is spent and allocated, and relationships differ from families in which only parents and their children live together. One of the main (relevant) differences is that in these multilingual families there is easy access to the learning of heritage languages and socialisation into and through them. As the article will demonstrate shortly, such ease is also accompanied by relational and relationship challenges which bear on the heritage language learning process. The article describes the language transmission efforts of three Arabic-speaking families in the United Kingdom to teach and use Arabic with their children at home. Data was collected in the form of audio-recorded interactions, family background forms and parental interviews. Interview data was analysed thematically, and interactional data was analysed from the perspective of interactional sociolinguistics. The data reveals that, in addition to parents, grandparents uniquely enhance not only the learning of Arabic but also the experience of learning it. Children have a direct opportunity to learn Arabic and its various, often rare, dialects with help from their monolingual grandparents. Relationship dynamics between parents, their own parents, their parents-in-law, and their own children appear to shape and be shaped by the explicit and implicit language beliefs and practices of family members. Grandparents seem to also contribute to children’s emotional socialisation and their future beliefs of Arabic as an authentic means by which to express emotion. This is the first study to highlight the role grandparents play in the FLP of Arabic as a heritage language.
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Chatard, Armand, and Leila Selimbegovic. "The intergenerational transmission of social dominance: A three‐generation study." European Journal of Personality 22, no. 6 (October 2008): 541–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.684.
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This study examined the transmission of social dominance orientation (SDO) from parents and grandparents to children. It was predicted that parents as well as grandparents would pass their social dominance attitudes to children. Children's levels of SDO would thus be the highest when parental and grandparental attitudes are high; the lowest when parental and grandparental attitudes are low; and intermediate when parental and grandparental attitudes are incongruent. These hypotheses were examined in a sample of 93 families including children (in early adulthood), one of their parents, and one of their grandparents. Results yielded support for the predictions. These findings' implications are discussed in terms of their potential to explain previous inconsistent results on the transmission of social attitudes to children. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Mathews, Rahel, and Danielle Nadorff. "Too Many Treats or Not Enough to Eat? The Impact of Caregiving Grandparents on Child Food Security and Nutrition." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 10 (May 10, 2022): 5796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105796.
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With the number of grandparent-headed households on the rise, the influence of grandparents needs to be considered in the fight to reduce child obesity. The current study investigated the influence of caregiver type (i.e., grandparents only, parents only, or multi-generational households) on children’s nutrition, food security, and BMI. This was a cross-sectional, secondary analysis based on the 2009–2010 wave of the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) survey in collaboration with the World Health Organization. This sample included 12,181 students from 10,837 families with only parents present in the household, 238 with only grandparents present, and 1106 multi-generational families. One-way analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) were conducted using caregiver type as the independent variable, controlling for SES, on items assessing frequency of breakfast consumption, nutrition intake, hunger, snacking frequency and location, and BMI. Children reported more unhealthy snacking in households with only grandparents. Hunger was reported more often in multi-generational households. These results support that caregiver type, especially caregiving grandparents, is a significant predictor of children’s BMI, nutrition, and food security. Tailoring nutrition education to the needs of grandparents could help both the health of grandparents and the reduction of child obesity.
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Srivastava, Deepa, and Maria Rosario T. de Guzman. "‘Why I Sent My Child Away’." Psychology and Developing Societies 29, no. 1 (March 2017): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971333616689201.
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Although long-distance parenting is often depicted as a response to crisis (e.g., economic) or other stressful life events, it is sometimes undertaken in various culturally normative situations. This current study explores the motivations of South Asian Indian immigrant parents for sending their young children to India to live temporarily with their grandparents. This qualitative study involves in-depth interviews with first generation immigrant parents about their experiences and motivations for sending their children to India. Analysis of the data revealed five themes, namely, (a) contextual and daily challenges in caring for their children in the United States, (b) parents’ concern around paid group childcare, (c) grandparents as ideal caregivers but unable to stay in the United States, (d) presence of other extended network of relationships and support in India and (e) parents wanting their children to maintain their language and customs. Findings suggest culturally grounded beliefs around optimal childrearing (e.g., grandparents as ideal caregivers, presence of extended network of support in India and maintaining Indian traditions and values) and parents’ contextual needs (e.g., parents’ busy schedule around job and education) when traditional caregiving context changes due to migration to a new country. Implications for researchers are discussed.
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Jappens, Maaike, and Jan Van Bavel. "Relationships with Grandparents and Grandchildren’s Well-being after Parental Divorce." European Sociological Review 35, no. 6 (June 24, 2019): 757–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcz033.
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Abstract Grandparents are often considered as providing important resources in times of family crisis. Little is known, however, about the influence of grandparents on the well-being of grandchildren after parental divorce. This article investigates the association between the quality of relationships with grandparents and grandchildren’s subjective well-being. Using data from the study ‘Divorce in Flanders’, the authors compare 567 grandchildren with divorced and 238 with married parents regarding four indicators of subjective well-being (life satisfaction, self-esteem, mastery, and depressive feelings) and also examine variation within the group with divorced parents. Results show that the strength of grandchild–grandparent relationships is positively associated with grandchildren’s subjective well-being and that having a very good relationship with a grandparent matters even more for grandchildren whose parents have divorced. Moreover, grandchildren who experience frequent conflicts between divorced parents seem to benefit most from close grandparent relationships.
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박화옥. "Grandparents as Foster Parents: Factors Associated with Depression and Care Retention." Journal of Social Science 39, no. 1 (April 2013): 141–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15820/khjss.2013.39.1.007.
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Smita Patil, Jaya Bangale. "The Involvement of Grandparents in Bringing up Grandchildren and their Views about it." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (December 10, 2021): 391–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1012.044.
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A sample of 150 children (5-7 yrs old), 80 belonging to middle SES group and 70 belonging to low SES group and brought up by their both parents (either both parents are working or only one parent is working) as well as by their grandparents were chosen randomly from the selected 10 colonies from Parbhani City of Marathwada region of Maharashtra state. The data pertaining to the study were collected by personally interviewing the parents and grandparents of sample children based on structured and open ended interview schedule and also by administering Kuppuswamy’s Socio-economic Status Scale revised by Dr. Sheikh Mohd Saleem (2018) for assessing the socio-economic status of the sample children. It is apparent from the results that irrespective of the groups and socio-economic status of the sample children, a higher percentage of both the paternal grandparents(64-65%) were found to be involved in child upbringing right from their neonatal stage. With regard to the involvement in upbringing of grandchildren all the grandparents expressed that, it was most rewarding experience of their life and also it was beneficial to them for remaining physically and mentally fit (33-43%). However a majority of them (44- 71 %) expressed that sometimes it became difficult for them to carry out their personal work due to their involvement in upbringing of grandchildren. On the whole, the findings of the study highlight that families need to involve grandparents in caring grandchildren as they are found to be playing vital role in child upbringing and which in turn enabling grandparents to lead happy, contented and dignified life.
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Bakarian, Meghri. "Girl on the Move from Syria." Girlhood Studies 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ghs.2024.170110.
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Growing up in Aleppo, Syria, for the first twenty years of my life, I listened to my grandparents’ stories of their experiences and their survival of the Armenian Genocide (1915 to 1916) alongside the stories of my parents growing up as refugees in Syria. Approaching the 100th anniversary of the Genocide when I was 18, I did not ever expect to relive the suffering and challenges faced by my grandparents and parents let alone end up with the status of refugee. At the time of my graduation from high school, the war hit Syria. Everything that had been beautiful was annihilated or destroyed and happiness turned into profound suffering. In front of me was evidence of the terrible experiences that I had heard about only in the stories of my parents and grandparents. In addition to this, I saw my opportunity and my right to higher education vanish.
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CAPUTO, RICHARD K. "Grandparents and Coresident Grandchildren in a Youth Cohort." Journal of Family Issues 22, no. 5 (July 2001): 541–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019251301022005001.
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This article examined correlates of grandparent-grandchild coresidency in 1998, using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Among parents 40 years of age or younger in 1998 ( N = 5,019), 107 reported grandchildren in the same households. Compared with other parents, coresident grandparents were older, less educated, much younger at the time of the birth of their first child, and 2 to 4 times as likely to be female, single, Black, poor, and unemployed. The majority (81.3%) of coresident grandparents had one grandchild living with them. Only 5.5% lived in skipped-generation households.
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Chicevic, Simona, and Dusan Kostrub. "Fundamental Changes and Their Impact on the Concept of Children's Education from Parents' Interpretations." International Journal of Childhood Education 4, no. 1 (June 14, 2023): 12–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/ijce.v4i1.296.
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Education as a purposeful activity has its complexities and goals, and its process should be equipped with pedagogical principles. In the presented study, based on the authors' interviews with the subjects, the authors’ aim is to identify the prevailing educational views of parents in the upbringing of their children; the views of grandparents in the upbringing of their grandchildren, and the critical moments influencing their conscious decision-making and behaviour related to their beliefs as parents and grandparents. Qualitative research tools were used to obtain research material, namely unstructured and subsequently semi-structured interviews. The strategy of the constant comparison method was applied in elaborating the research material. The research was carried out in Slovakia and the Czech Republic and was attended by parents and grandparents (total number: 11) of children and grandchildren aged 2-6 years. The findings show that parents' and grandparents' beliefs about the definition and meaning of education coincide in many aspects. On the other hand, they differ significantly in other aspects, such as destructive influences on the child or the beginning of education. From the theory derived from the research, the fact emerges that the belief and the forming educational thinking of the subjects of the research are influenced by the specific experience in raising their children and, at the same time, the education experienced during childhood. This fact is primarily based on the identified interrelationships between the individual categories of the investigated phenomena, while it is based exclusively on the statements of the subjects of this longitudinal research.
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Tatterton, Michael J., and Catherine Walshe. "How Grandparents Experience the Death of a Grandchild With a Life-Limiting Condition." Journal of Family Nursing 25, no. 1 (December 17, 2018): 109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1074840718816808.
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Traditionally, family-focused care extends to parents and siblings of children with life-limiting conditions. Only a few studies have focused on the needs of grandparents, who play an important role in the families of children with illness and with life-limiting conditions, in particular. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used as the methodological framework for the study. Seven bereaved grandparents participated in this study. Semistructured, individual, face-to-face interviews were conducted. A number of contextual factors affected the experience of bereaved grandparents, including intergenerational bonds and perceived changes in role following the death of their grandchild. The primary motivation of grandparents stemmed from their role as a parent, not a grandparent. The breadth of pain experienced by grandparents was complicated by the multigenerational positions grandparents occupy within the family. Transition from before to after the death of a grandchild exacerbated the experience of pain. These findings about the unique footprint of grandparent grief suggest the development of family nursing practice to better understand and support grandparents during the illness of a grandchild, in addition to bereavement support.
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Mozid, Nusrat E., and Kate Guastaferro. "IMPACT OF GRANDPARENTS’ CHRONIC STRESS ON GRANDPARENT-PARENT RELATIONSHIP AND LIFE SATISFACTION BY GENDER AND RACE." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2023): 1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.3413.
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Abstract Grandparents raising grandchildren are a rapidly growing population in the United States—an estimated 7.1 million children under 18 live with a grandparent in 2023. Family system theory suggests raising a grandchild impacts grandparents’ immediate and extended family relationships and amplifies stressors in the relationship with the parent of the grandchild. The quality of relationships with the parents negatively impacts grandparents’ psychosocial well-being but may also have lasting adverse effects on the grandchild. Using the most recent wave (2020) of the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study, we conducted linear regression analyses to understand the association between grandparents raising grandchildren’s (N=4,238) chronic stress (e.g., health, finances, housing) and anxiety symptoms by gender and race. Then, we examined the grandparents’ relationship with the parent and satisfaction with life as potential mediators in these associations. Results suggest grandparents’ stressors were significantly associated with anxiety symptoms (β=0.349; p< 0.01); however, there were no significant differences in total chronic stress by either gender or race. Path analysis showed both the grandparent-parent relationship and grandparents’ satisfaction with life partially mediated the association between grandparents’ chronic stress and anxiety symptoms (p< 0.001). Cultivating a consistent and quality relationship between grandparent and parent as well as focusing on grandparents’ perspectives of life suggests innovative intervention targets to improve the health and well-being of both grandparents and grandchildren.
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Wang, Sophie Xuefei, and Cynthia Bansak. "Are grandparents a good substitute for parents as the primary caregiver? The impact of grandparents on Children's academic performance." Labour Economics 88 (June 2024): 102545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102545.
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Bertera, Elizabeth M., and Sandra Edmonds Crewe. "Parenthood in the Twenty-First Century: African American Grandparents as Surrogate Parents." Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment 23, no. 2 (February 2013): 178–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2013.747348.
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Nadorff, Danielle, and Rahel Mathews. "Too Many Treats or Not Enough to Eat? The Impact of Custodial Grandparents on Food Security and Nutrition." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1125.
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Abstract In the US, 28.5% of seniors are obese, with a BMI of 30 plus. The prevalence of obesity for children is also an alarming 17%, making it one of the primary public health burdens. According to the socio-ecological model, a child’s weight status can be influenced by factors related to parenting style, family, and the community. The literature reflects a significant emphasis focusing on children and their parents. However, according to the US Census, 7.5 million grandchildren are living with their grandparents, with about 1/3 of these residing in skipped-generation households. There are essential age-related differences in food preparation and eating behaviors between middle-aged and older grandparents and younger adult parents that may influence their children’s eating behaviors. Grandparents may provide a positive feeding environment, including role-modeling healthy food intake, teaching children about nutrition, and involving them in mealtimes and cooking, monitoring and encouraging children to eat nutritious foods, especially vegetables and regularly serving vegetables. However, grandparents have also reported providing energy-dense and nutrient-poor food and drinks and used food as a reward or gift. The current study aims to investigate the influence of caregiver type (grandparents only, parents only, or multigenerational households) on children’s nutrition, food security, and BMI. One-way ANCOVAs controlling for SES found that grandparent-headed households had children with more deficient diet and higher BMIs, but also less food insecurity. These results indicate that age-related changes in caregiver type are an important predictor of children’s nutritional health. Details and clinical implications will be discussed.
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Walsemann, Katrina, Calley Fisk, and Jennifer Ailshire. "Parent and Child Factors That Predict Who Helps Young Adult Children Pay for College." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1954.
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Abstract In recent decades, the cost of higher education has exceeded the pace of inflation while wages have stagnated or declined. As such, young adult children may increasingly look to their parents and other family members, including grandparents, to help them pay for college. We use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 to determine who financially contributes to a young adult child’s college education, restricting our sample to mid-life parents with at least one biological child who attended a 2-year or 4-year college and completed the college expenditures module in 2014 (n=3,525). For each college-going child, parents reported who paid for the student’s tuition – student, parents, grandparents, other family members, or a combination of these. Using multinomial logistic regression, we will estimate who paid for college as a function of parents’ social and economic characteristics when the child was 16 and the child’s gender and birth order.
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Parks, Elizabeth P., Anne Kazak, Shiriki Kumanyika, Lisa Lewis, and Frances K. Barg. "Perspectives on Stress, Parenting, and Children’s Obesity-Related Behaviors in Black Families." Health Education & Behavior 43, no. 6 (July 9, 2016): 632–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198115620418.
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Objective. In an effort to develop targets for childhood obesity interventions in non-Hispanic-Black (Black) families, this study examined parental perceptions of stress and identified potential links among parental stress and children’s eating patterns, physical activity, and screen-time. Method. Thirty-three self-identified Black parents or grandparents of a child aged 3 to 7 years were recruited from a large, urban Black church to participate in semistructured interviews. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results. Parents/grandparents described a pathway between how stress affected them personally and their child’s eating, structured (sports/dance) and unstructured (free-play) physical activity, and screen-time usage, as well as strategies to prevent this association. Five themes emerged: stress affects parent behaviors related to food and physical activity variably; try to be healthy even with stress; parent/grandparent stress eating and parenting; stress influences family cooking, food choices, and child free-play; and screen-time use to decrease parent stress. Negative parent/grandparent response to their personal stress adversely influenced food purchases and parenting related to child eating, free-play, and screen-time. Children of parents/grandparents who ate high-fat/high-sugar foods when stressed requested these foods. In addition to structured physical activity, cooking ahead and keeping food in the house were perceived to guard against the effects of stress except during parent cravings. Parent/child screen-time helped decrease parent stress. Conclusion. Parents/grandparents responded variably to stress which affected the child eating environment, free-play, and screen-time. Family-based interventions to decrease obesity in Black children should consider how stress influences parents. Targeting parent cravings and coping strategies that utilize structure in eating and physical activity may be useful intervention strategies.
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Kim, Hyunjin. "Grandparent Adoption: Comments on Supreme Court en banc Order 2018Seu5 dated December 23, 2021." Korean Society Of Family Law 36, no. 2 (July 31, 2022): 85–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.31998/ksfl.2022.36.2.85.
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The Korean Supreme Court recently ruled that an adoption may be permitted if the grandparent requests the adoption of a grandchild whose biological parents are unable to rear, provided the conditions for adoption are met and the adoption is in the child's best interests. The court considers whether the grandparents have a practical intention to form a life relationship as a parent beyond simple child rearing and whether the main purpose of adoption is to provide stable and permanent nurturing and protection of children as parents. In addition, it is necessary to check whether the birth parents’ consent to adoption is made voluntarily and definitively after receiving sufficient information about child rearing and adoption, in light of the age of the children and grandparents, including the parenting situation up to now, the circumstances leading to the adoption. It is necessary to examine whether it can be expected that a parental relationship can be naturally formed between the two, compare and quantify the matters that are beneficial to the child and the concerns that the adoption of the grandparents are concerned with, and determine whether the adoption is suitable for the child's welfare in individual and specific cases.
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Dolbin-MacNab, Megan L., and Loriena A. Yancura. "International Perspectives on Grandparents Raising Grandchildren: Contextual Considerations for Advancing Global Discourse." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 86, no. 1 (January 24, 2017): 3–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091415016689565.
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Globally, it is common for grandparents to serve as surrogate parents to their grandchildren, often in response to family crises and other challenges such as poverty, disease epidemics, and migration. Despite the global nature of this intergenerational caregiving arrangement, there have been few contextually focused examinations of how grandparents’ surrogate parenting roles are enacted across countries and cultures. This analytic review addresses this issue by exploring demographic and cultural contexts, needs and experiences, and formal and informal supports for grandparents raising grandchildren in four diverse countries: China, New Zealand, Romania, and South Africa. We conclude our analysis by discussing key contextual factors, and their associated interrelationships, from which future research may elucidate how cultural, historical, and sociopolitical factors uniquely shape grandparents’ experiences. We also make recommendations for contextually informed policies and practice.
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Jappens, Maaike, and Jan Van Bavel. "Grootouders én kleinkinderen over contact na echtscheiding." Relaties en Nieuwe Gezinnen 3, no. 7 (July 31, 2013): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/reng.v3i7.18241.
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Naast ex‐partners en hun kinderen, zijn ook grootouders betrokken partij bij een echtscheiding. Dit artikel onderzoekt het verband tussen echtscheiding van ouders en contacten tussen grootouders en kleinkinderen. Daarbij maken we optimaal gebruik van het multi‐actordesign van de studie ‘Scheiding in Vlaanderen’, waarin beide partijen hierover bevraagd werden. We baseren ons eerst op een steekproef van meer dan 1300 grootouders, waarna we deze resultaten vergelijken met eerdere resultaten op basis van de antwoorden van deelnemende kleinkinderen. Analyses van beide datasets tonen aan dat als ouders gescheiden zijn, grootouders en kleinkinderen elkaar minder frequent zien dan wanneer de ouders gehuwd zijn. Dat geldt vooral voor grootouders van vaderskant. De verblijfsregeling van kinderen blijkt een belangrijke rol te spelen: naarmate kinderen een groter of kleiner gedeelte van de tijd bij vader respectievelijk moeder wonen, zien zij ook de grootouders langs die kant meer of minder.
Abstract :
A divorce can have major consequences for ex‐partners and their children, but also grandparents are involved. This article investigates the association between a parental divorce and contacts between grandparents and grandchildren. We make use of the multi‐actor survey ‘Divorce in Flanders’, in which grandparents as well as grandchildren were asked about contact frequency. We first focus on a sample of more than 1300 grandparents, and then compare these results with results based on the answers of grandchildren participating in the study. Analyses on both datasets show that, when compared to a situation where parents are married, grandparents and grandchildren with divorced parents see each other less often. This is particularly the case when paternal grandparents are considered. The living arrangement of grandchildren seems to be decisive in this matter: grandchildren have especially less contact with grandparents on the side of a non‐residential divorced parent.
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Zimmer, Richard. "Book Review: Understanding Families over Time: Research and Policy." Anthropology & Aging 40, no. 1 (February 6, 2019): 94–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/aa.2019.125.
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This book comprises a series of essays reviewing family relationships in the UK. The focus is on how parents, grandparents, and children connect. The essays address the ways in which external factors, such as economics and politics, affect these relationships. The essays specifically feature the ways in which women and men are particularly affected by being parents or grandparents. The editors and key authors suggest that family ties do not suggest a generational divide. Rather, they suggest that people do as much as possible to help each other through challenges. The essays are geared towards larger social understandings and towards the formulation of social policy. Lastly, they are useful for cross-cultural comparison.
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Sigal, John J., Vincenzo F. Dinicola, and Michael Buonvino. "Grandchildren of Survivors: Can Negative Effects of Prolonged Exposure to Excessive Stress be Observed Two Generations Later?" Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 33, no. 3 (April 1988): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378803300309.
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Some studies have demonstrated negative psychological repercussions on children of parents who experienced extreme, prolonged stress. To determine whether such effects might continue in the third generation, we examined the presenting complaints of patients in a child psychiatry clinic who could be reliably identified as: (i) children whose parents were native born but who had at least one grandparent who was a survivor of the Nazi persecution (Index 1, N = 58); (ii) other children who had at least one parent and one grandparent who was a survivor (Index 2, N = 11); (iii) children of other immigrant grandparents (N = 28); (iv) children with four native born grandparents (N = 30). All other grandparents and parents were native born. All families were of the same ethnic group. Index 2 children manifested more difficulties related to school performance, but the small size of the sample precludes generalization. Although the Index 1 children did not have different types of behavioural disturbances, the size of the Index (1 + 2) group (N = 69) relative to the comparison groups was 300% greater than expected on the basis of community population estimates. Implications of this finding are discussed.
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Kjøllesdal, Marte, Anne Karen Jenum, Øyvind Næss, and Line Sletner. "The association between birthweight and grandparental type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in a multiethnic population." Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 11, no. 4 (November 18, 2019): 403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040174419000758.
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AbstractIntergenerational links of chronic disease have been suggested, as birthweight (BW) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in both parents and grandparents. However, most studies investigating these relationships have used relatively homogenous, white, majority populations. This study aimed to investigate the association between BW and CVD and T2D in a multiethnic population, that is, where the parents and grandparents often developed in a different environment from that where the child was born. Participants were women from a population-based cohort study of pregnant women (STORK Groruddalen), attending Child Health Clinics for antenatal care in three administrative city districts in Oslo, Norway, 2008–2010. Information about socioeconomic and lifestyle factors were collected among mothers and fathers. Parents reported history of CVD or T2D among grandparents. In logistic regressions, higher BW z-scores were associated with lower odds of T2D among maternal (OR 0.71 (95% CI 0.53, 0.97) and paternal (0.68 (0.49, 0.94) grandmothers after adjustments for parental and grandmothers’ characteristics. BW was not associated with CVD, but the association in maternal grandfathers was borderline significant. Our results indicate intergenerational transmission of chronic diseases like T2D in a multiethnic population.
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Schuler, Emily, and Cristina Maria de Souza Brito Dias. "THE GREAT AND THE GRAND: THE ROLES OF GREAT-GRANDPARENTS AND GRANDPARENTS IN MULTIGENERATIONAL FAMILIES." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S283—S284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1047.
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Abstract The increase of Human Aging has been observed rapidly in the whole world, as it has been in Brazil allowing the experience to live several roles within the family for a longer time. As a consequence, more multigenerational families emerge with a more vertical structure, formed by four or even five generations. While the oldest generation adds another generational role to their life, the one of great-grandparents, the youngest generation is born into an intergenerational network of relationships. There are various questions about the differences in the role of great-grandparents and grandparents, which motivated this present study. Thus, the objective of this study was to understand the roles of great-grandparents and grandparents in the family and their intergenerational repercussions. Four families with for generations, totaling 16 participants. One member of each generation was interviewed, using a specific script, which was afterwards analyzed by the Thematic Content Analysis. The results pointed out that both great-grandparents and grandparents have distinct roles that are constructed around the needs of the family; both figures provide emotional and material support to the family; both roles have transgenerational importance in the transmission of family legacies, which are related to faith, solidarity, education and order. It can also be said that the great-grandparents can be compared to the grandparents of the past, as the grandparents can be assimilated to the parents of older days. It is hoped that this research contributes to the visibility of these two generations and to sensitize professionals about this theme.
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Strom, Robert D., Lydia P. Buki, and Shirley K. Strom. "Intergenerational Perceptions of English Speaking and Spanish Speaking Mexican-American Grandparents." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 45, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/l0av-0mu6-bk74-ce1b.
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Hispanics are facing a number of problems, such as poverty, hunger, and a high dropout rate at school. Health-care reform and changes in Medicaid and Medicare are bound to further challenge the resiliency of minority families. To strengthen families from within, relevant programming should be implemented. Information regarding the strengths and needs of Mexican-American grandparents was obtained in order to adapt existing grandparenting programs for this population. Mexican-American grandparents ( n = 181), parents ( n = 148), and grandchildren ( n = 173) provided information on grandparent satisfaction, success, teaching, difficulty, frustration, and information needs. Multivariate analyses of variance found differences for English and Spanish speaking grandparents. Spanish speaking grandparents reported a greater need for information than English speaking grandparents, and more frustration when dealing with adolescents than with younger children. For the English speaking grandparents, all of the generations agreed that grandparents under the age of sixty-one experienced more frustration than their older counterparts, and those who spent more than five hours a month with their grandchildren were more effective in their role. Possible factors that account for the findings are discussed and recommendations for establishing a grandparent program are presented.
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Johan, Ales, and Weslei Daeli. "Perbedaan Kemandirian Anak Ditinjau dari Pola Pengasuhan Orang Tua dengan Kakek Nenek pada Anak Usia Dini 3 Sampai 6 Tahun." Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 3, no. 2 (January 17, 2024): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.53801/jnep.v3i2.195.
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Introduction: Early age is the age of children who are in the age range from 0 to 6 years. This early age is the age when children experience very rapid growth. Early age is often referred to as the golden age. At this time adults need to provide a good stimulus for children and provide useful skills for the child's future. This period is also the time for children to lay the first foundation in developing physical, cognitive, language, social-emotional abilities, self-concept, discipline, independence, art, morals, and religious values. Objectives: To find out whether there is a difference between children raised by parents and children raised by grandparents at RA. Persis Qurrata A'yun Depok kindergarten. Method: This study uses a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. The population in this study was all 57 RA. Persis Qurrata A'yun Depok kindergarten students. The sample used was 40 respondents aged 3 years to 6 years, 20 were raised by their parents and 20 were raised by their grandparents, while 17 other children were 7 people. Children not willing to be respondents, 4 children not being cared for by parents or grandparents, 5 children aged more than 6 years 2 children not coming during the study. Data collection using DDST (Denver Developmental Screening Test) and questionnaires. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistical tests. Result: The mean value of parental care is higher, 67.45 > 54.00, compared to the lower mean value of parental care. H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, as seen from the calculation of the mean value. Conclusion: There is a difference in the independence of children who are cared for by parents and children who are cared for by grandparents.
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Young, Michael. "The three pillars of the new family." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 352, no. 1363 (December 29, 1997): 1857–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1997.0171.
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Children are the chief sufferers from the growing fragility of marriages and partnerships. They may also suffer from their mothers going out to paid work unless satisfactory alternative arrangements are made for their care, for instance, by bringing in grandparents to look after their grandchildren when the mothers are not at home. Grandparents may also have an important role when parents separate. There is a dearth of facts about what actually happens. The part played by grandparents has been touched on, but nothing more, in the course of studies in baby care and baby–sitting and the repercussions of the illness of the mother. A Grandparent Commission is proposed to set in motion some of the necessary research and to review official policy as it affects grandparents. If grandparents already do a lot for children, and could do more, a measure of optimism about the future of the family could succeed the prevailing pessimism.