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Journal articles on the topic 'Granite – France – Massif central (France)'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Williamson, B. J., H. Downes, and M. F. Thirlwall. "The relationship between crustal magmatic underplating and granite genesis: an example from the Velay granite complex, Massif Central, France." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 83, no. 1-2 (1992): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300007926.

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ABSTRACTThe Velay granite pluton (Massif Central, France) is the youngest (304 ± 5 Ma) and largest (∼6,900 km2) of the major Massif Central monzogranites/granodiorites and was formed nearly 50 Ma after the cessation of Hercynian continental collision (Pin & Duthou 1990). It is a highly heterogeneous pluton consisting of I-type, high-Sr granites (Sr = 500-900 ppm) with low (+35 to +41) and high (-3 to -5), at its centre, grading into S-type and mixed I-S-type heterogeneous granites of more normal Sr content (100–420 ppm) and higher (+40 to +210) and lower (-3·8 to -7.3) at its margins.The metasedimentary lower crust of the Massif Central was underplated/intruded by mafic mantle-derived magmas between 360 Ma and 300 Ma. From 300-280 Ma (Downes et al. 1991) underplating led to partial melting and granulite facies metamorphism of the underplated material (represented by felsic and mafic meta-igneous lower crustal xenoliths, = –11 to +112, = +2·2 to 8·2, Downes et al 1990). The partial melts assimilated mainly schist but also felsic gneiss and older granite country rock material ( = +100 to +300, = - 5 to -9) to produce the heterogeneous granites. Plagioclase and biotite were accumulated at the base of the intrusion which was intruded to high levels to form the high-Sr granites.

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Monnier, Loïs, Stefano Salvi, Jérémie Melleton, Laurent Bailly, Didier Béziat, Philippe de Parseval, Sophie Gouy, and Philippe Lach. "Multiple Generations of Wolframite Mineralization in the Echassieres District (Massif Central, France)." Minerals 9, no. 10 (October 17, 2019): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9100637.

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The Echassières district in central France contains complex rare-element ore deposits, whose formation is related to exotic igneous events and several hydrothermal episodes that are not entirely understood to date. Tungsten mineralization consists of three generations of wolframite, characterized by distinct Fe/Mn ratios (8.4; 3.5 and 0.3, for wolframite a, b and c, respectively), formed during three separate hydrothermal episodes related to the Variscan orogeny. Wolframite a occurs in quartz veins of the La Bosse stockwork where it crystallized before the Barrovian metamorphism that affected these veins and the host rock. After metamorphism, before intrusion of the Beauvoir and Colettes granites, wolframite b crystallized in the stockwork during massive topazification. High concentrations of wolframite c occur in the proximal quartz veins in the Mazet area, while only scant amounts are found in the La Bosse stockwork. In both settings, wolframite c precipitated from the fluid responsible for greisen alteration that massively affected the Beauvoir granite. In the La Bosse stockwork, greisen alteration is characterized by hydrothermal topaz that is texturally and chemically distinct from that precipitated during topazification. Supergene alteration responsible for kaolinization of Beauvoir and Colettes granites caused remobilization of a non-negligible amount of tungsten (W) during replacement of wolframite by W-rich goethite in all units of the Echassières district. This model for multiple W mineralizing events is novel and can prove essential in distinguishing potential economic deposits worldwide.

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3

Gallé, C. "Neutron porosity logging and core porosity measurements in the Beauvoir granite, Massif Central Range, France." Journal of Applied Geophysics 32, no. 2-3 (August 1994): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0926-9851(94)90015-9.

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4

Guillot, François, Olivier Averbuch, Michel Dubois, Cyril Durand, Pierre Lanari, and Arnaud Gauthier. "Zircon age of vaugnerite intrusives from the Central and Southern Vosges crystalline massif (E France): contribution to the geodynamics of the European Variscan belt." BSGF - Earth Sciences Bulletin 191 (2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bsgf/2020027.

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To provide a better picture of the active geodynamics along the Variscan suture zones during the late collisional stage (particularly regarding the evolution of the orogenic system towards HT conditions), we focused here on vaugnerites, which consist of mafic ultra-potassic magmatic rocks, intrusive into the granite-gneiss sequences of the Variscan Vosges crystalline massif. Those rocks, though subordinate in volume, are frequently associated with late-collisional granites. In the Central-Southern Vosges, they appear either as (1) pluton margin of the Southern Vosges Ballons granite complex or (2) composite dykes intrusive into migmatite and metamorphic sequences classically referred to as granite-gneiss unit (Central Vosges). Both types correspond to melanocratic rocks with prominent, Mg-rich, biotite and hornblende (20–40% vol., 64 < mg# < 78), two-feldspar and quartz. Those Vosges vaugnerites display geochemical signatures characteristic of ultra-potassic mafic to intermediate, metaluminous to slightly peraluminous rocks. Zircon U-Pb ages were obtained by Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Zircon grains were extracted from a sillimanite-bearing gneiss from the granite-gneiss unit hosting the Central Vosges vaugnerites. They yielded an age at 451 ± 9 Ma, indicating a pre-Variscan Upper Ordovician protolith for the host sequence. Zircon from the four vaugnerite intrusives display U-Pb ages (± 2σ) of 340 ± 2.5 Ma (Ballons), 340 ± 25 Ma, 340 ± 7 Ma and 336 ± 10 Ma (Central Vosges). Synchronous within uncertainty, vaugnerite age data suggest a relatively early emplacement during the Late Variscan collisional history (i.e. Middle Visean times). These results are in line with previously published ages from the Southern Vosges volcano-sedimentary sequences (Oderen-Markstein) and the nearby ultra-potassic granite complexes from the Central and Southern Vosges (Ballons, Crêtes) thereby arguing for a magmatic event of regional significance. Recent petrological studies on vaugnerites suggest that they derive from partial melting of a metasomatized mantle contaminated to some different degrees by elements of continental crust. We propose here that the major ultra-potassic magmatic pulse at 340–335 Ma is a consequence of a significant change into the dynamics of the Rhenohercynian subduction system below the Central-Southern Vosges. In the light of recent thermo-mechanical modelling experiments on mature continental collision, magmatism could result from a syn-collisional lithospheric delamination mechanism involving (1) first, continental subduction evolving towards (2) the underthrusting of the Avalonian continental margin lower crust and (3) the initiation of lithospheric delamination within the supra-subduction retro-wedge (Saxothuringian-Moldanubian continental block). This delamination would drive the emplacement of an asthenospheric upwelling, initially localized along the Variscan suture zones, and gradually propagating towards the southern front of the belt during the Late Carboniferous, as the delamination front migrated at the base of the crust.

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5

Harlaux, Matthieu, Julien Mercadier, Wilédio Marc-Emile Bonzi, Valentin Kremer, Christian Marignac, and Michel Cuney. "Geochemical Signature of Magmatic-Hydrothermal Fluids Exsolved from the Beauvoir Rare-Metal Granite (Massif Central, France): Insights from LA-ICPMS Analysis of Primary Fluid Inclusions." Geofluids 2017 (2017): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1925817.

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The Beauvoir granite (Massif Central, France) represents an exceptional case in the European Variscan belt of a peraluminous rare-metal granite crosscutting an early W stockwork. The latter was strongly overprinted by rare-metal magmatic-hydrothermal fluids derived from the Beauvoir granite, resulting in a massive topazification of the quartz-ferberite vein system. This work presents a complete study of primary fluid inclusions hosted in quartz and topaz from the Beauvoir granite and the metasomatized stockwork, in order to characterize the geochemical composition of the magmatic fluids exsolved during the crystallization of this evolved rare-metal peraluminous granite. Microthermometric and Raman spectrometry data show that the earliest fluid (L1) is of high temperature (500 to >600°C), high salinity (17–28 wt.% NaCl eq), and Li-rich (Te<−70°C) with Na/Li ratios ~5. LA-ICPMS analyses of L1-type fluid inclusions reveal that the chemical composition of this magmatic-hydrothermal fluid is dominated by Na, K, Cs, and Rb, with significant concentrations (101–104 ppm) in rare-metals (W, Nb, Ta, Sn, and Li). This study demonstrates that primary fluid inclusions preserved the pristine signature of the magmatic-hydrothermal fluids in the Beauvoir granite but also in the metasomatized W stockwork, despite the distance from the granitic cupola (>100 m) and interaction with external fluids.

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Gebelin, Aude, Guillaume Martelet, Maurice Brunel, Michel Faure, and Philippe Rossi. "Late Hercynian leucogranites modelling as deduced from new gravity data : the example of the Millevaches massif (Massif Central, France)." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 175, no. 3 (May 1, 2004): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/175.3.239.

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Abstract The Millevaches granitic complex, located in the northern part of the French Massif Central, is elongated in a N-S direction, perpendicular to the main E-W trend of the Hercynian belt. It is affected on its limits and in its core by several ductile shear zones that have necessarily played a great role in the emplacement and exhumation of the massif. Based on gravity modelling and recent field observations, this study intends to highlight the massif structure at depth and discuss its mode of emplacement and relations with the surrounding terrains. The new gravity and density measurements on the north-east part of the Millevaches massif improve the gravity coverage of the northern Limousin. Using these new data we model the deep structure of the Millevaches plateau. The density measurements made on the different types of granites of the massif, and on the surrounding terrains improve the interpretation of the Bouguer anomaly. Analysis and inversion of the residual Bouguer anomaly in the area show that the Millevaches massif is 2 to 4 km-thick, from north to south and from west to east, locally rooting down to about 6 km deep in its eastern and southern terminations. These two zones coincide with porphyritic plutons and, because of the complex composite structure of the massif, cannot be definitively interpreted as feeding zones. In the field, the N-S-oriented Pradines vertical fault affects the core of the massif on 4 to 5 km width. Microstructural observations evidence that the faulting is contemporaneous of the granites emplacement. We suggest that this tectonic lineament could have triggered the migration of the magma, although it is not related to a clear gravity anomaly. AMS measurements in the north-central part of the Millevaches massif suggest that the magnetic foliation and lineation display a general sub-horizontal pattern. Moreover, on the western border of the Millevaches massif, the Argentat deep seismic profile shows sub-horizontal layering of gneisses and micaschists and evidences normal faulting offset of this layering along Argentat fault. This agrees fairly well with the gravity results, suggesting that (i) the Millevaches massif would be at a high structural level in the crust, (ii) the exhumation of the massif would have been favoured along the Argentat normal fault. As a whole, the massif can be described as a laccolith, 2 to 4 km-thick, emplaced as a “magmatic lens” into the sub-horizontally foliated gneisses and micaschists.

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7

Henderson, C. M. B., Joanna S. Martin, and R. A. Mason. "Compositional relations in Li-micas from S.W. England and France: an ion- and electron-microprobe study." Mineralogical Magazine 53, no. 372 (September 1989): 427–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1989.053.372.03.

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AbstractA combination of ion-microprobe (for Li) and electron-microprobe (for other major elements including F) methods has been used to analyse Li-rich micas from the S.W. England batholith (mainly the St Austell granite) and the Massif Central, France. Rocks showing various degrees of hydrothermal alteration were studied in order to separate the original compositional trends from alteration trends. The original compositional trend is essentially one of increasing Li with increasing degree of evolution. The main atomic substitution in the original micas is 3Li substituting for A1 and 2 vacancies in octahedral sites; substitution of Li forR2+(Fe, Mn, Mg) in octahedral co-ordination is generally subordinate. Alteration trends involve a loss of Li, Fe, F, Rb and Cs, and a gain in A1. The effects of volatile elements on phase relations of granites are reviewed and it is concluded that the original Li-micas were primary, i.e. crystallized from the melt. It is suggested that the late-magmatic stage passed transitionally into the hydrothermal stage leading inevitably to subsolidus recrystallization (autometasomatism) of the primary minerals, so introducing further textural and mineralogical complexities to the rocks.

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8

Duranel, Arnaud, Julian R. Thompson, Helene Burningham, Philippe Durepaire, Stéphane Garambois, Robert Wyns, and Hervé Cubizolle. "Modelling the hydrological interactions between a fissured granite aquifer and a valley mire in the Massif Central, France." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 25, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 291–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-291-2021.

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Abstract. We developed a high-resolution MIKE SHE/MIKE 11 model of a 231.3 ha headwater catchment in the granitic uplands of the French Massif Central to estimate the contribution of groundwater upwelling to the water balance of the Dauges mire, an acidic valley mire of international importance for nature conservation. We estimated that groundwater upwelling from the underlying weathered granite formations – mostly an approximately 55 m deep fissured zone – provides 27.1 % of total long-term inflows to the mire. This contribution increases to 37.2 % in September when total inflows are small. Overland boundary inflow accounts for an average of 40.2 % of total inflows. However, most of this originates from groundwater seepage through mineral soils along the mire margins or in small non-channelised valleys upslope of the mire. A sensitivity analysis showed that model performance in terms of the simulation of mire groundwater levels was most sensitive to parameters describing the mineral soils and weathered granite formations rather than the overlying peat layer. Variation partitioning demonstrated that groundwater upwelling was the most important factor driving simulated monthly groundwater table depth within the mire. Sustained groundwater upwelling maintains the mire water table close to or at ground level for most of the year. As a result, precipitation and overland boundary inflows quickly leave the wetland as saturation-excess runoff. There was close agreement between the observed distribution of mire habitats and areas where the simulated long-term groundwater seepage rate was larger than zero in September. Our results demonstrate that, contrary to the assumed small contribution of groundwater to the hydrology of hard-rock regions, groundwater upwelling from underlying weathered formations can be a quantitatively important and functionally critical element of the water balance of valley mires in granitic headwater catchments. These results have important legal and management implications.

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9

Cuney, Michel, Christian Marignac, and Alain Weisbrod. "The Beauvoir topaz-lepidolite albite granite (Massif Central, France); the disseminated magmatic Sn-Li-Ta-Nb-Be mineralization." Economic Geology 87, no. 7 (November 1, 1992): 1766–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.87.7.1766.

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10

Parneix, J. C., and J. C. Petit. "Hydrothermal alteration of an old geothermal system in the Auriat granite (Massif Central, France): Petrological study and modelling." Chemical Geology 89, no. 3-4 (January 1991): 329–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(91)90023-k.

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11

Alexandrov, Pavel, Gilles Ruffet, and Alain Cheilletz. "Muscovite recrystallization and saddle-shaped 40 Ar/ 39 Ar age spectra: example from the Blond granite (Massif Central, France)." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 66, no. 10 (May 2002): 1793–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7037(01)00895-x.

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12

Oliot, Emilien, Jérémie Melleton, Julie Schneider, Michel Corsini, Véronique Gardien, and Yann Rolland. "Variscan crustal thickening in the Maures-Tanneron massif (South Variscan belt, France): new in situ monazite U-Th-Pb chemical dating of high-grade rocks." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 186, no. 2-3 (2015): 145–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.186.2-3.145.

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AbstractAge constraints on the protoliths, deformation, metamorphism and melting events are key parameters when correlating different continental lithospheric remnants among each other and disentangling their evolution within large-scale orogens. In situ U-Th-Pb chemical dating on monazites using Electron Probe Micro-Analyser (EPMA) has been performed on eight samples throughout the Variscan Maures-Tanneron massif (SE France) in order to date the medium to high-tectonothermal events related to the Variscan orogeny.Results indicate a polyphased crustal evolution : (i) U-Th-Pb ages obtained in polygenetic monazite grain cores gave inherited Upper Ordovician (456 ± 11 Ma) age, highlighting the large scale occurrence of the Ordovician magmatic activity in the North Gondwanian margin. An Early Devonian (404 ± 10 Ma) age may date a protolith emplacement related to calc-alkaline supra-subduction magmatism or could be associated to an early medium-grade metamorphism, prior to collisional stage. (ii) The crustal thickening stage has been further recorded in prograde metamorphic monazites formed during the underthrusting and subsequent nappe stacking events, under amphibolite facies conditions. This stage is dated between 382 ± 11 (Middle Devonian) and 331 ± 5 Ma (Late Visean). (iii) An orogenic partial melting event took place during Middle Carboniferous and is accompanied by the crystallization of crustal peraluminous magmas (Plan-de-la-Tour granite, 329 ± 3 Ma).This contribution demonstrates the capacity of monazite to record the prograde path of rocks during increasing metamorphic conditions related to stages of crustal thickening, and the robustness of the U-Th-Pb chronometer in monazite despite the overprinting of high-grade thermal events, including partial melting. The age ranges of the different orogenic stages reported in this study are in good agreement with those reported in adjacent Variscan Corsica and Sardinia; while correlations with other nearest Variscan massifs like the Argentera massif in the southwestern Alps or the French Massif Central remain more hypothetic. The Internal Zone of the Maures-Tanneron massif, and more widely the Internal Zone of the Maures-Tanneron-Corsica-Sardinia segment, is part of the southern orogenic root system of the Variscan belt.

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Barbey, P., C. Marignac, J. M. Montel, J. Macaudiere, D. Gasquet, and J. Jabbori. "Cordierite Growth Textures and the Conditions of Genesis and Emplacement of Crustal Granitic Magmas: the Velay Granite Complex (Massif Central, France)." Journal of Petrology 40, no. 9 (September 1, 1999): 1425–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petroj/40.9.1425.

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14

Lespinasse, M., and M. Cathelineau. "Fluid percolations in a fault zone: a study of fluid inclusion planes in the St Sylvestre granite, northwest Massif Central, France." Tectonophysics 184, no. 2 (November 1990): 173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(90)90052-a.

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15

Breiter, Karel, and Radek Škoda. "Vertical zonality of fractionated granite plutons reflected in zircon chemistry: the Cínovec A-type versus the Beauvoir S-type suite." Geologica Carpathica 63, no. 5 (November 13, 2012): 383–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10096-012-0030-6.

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Abstract We studied vertical changes in the chemical composition of zircon from two contrasting Variscan granite systems. The Beauvoir system (Massif Central, France) composed of three successive intrusions (B1, B2, B3) represents typical peraluminous S-type granite extremely enriched in P, F, Li, Rb, Cs, Be, Sn, Nb, Ta, and poor in Zr, Th, REE and Y. The Cínovec system (Krušné hory Mts/Erzgebirge, Czech Republic/Germany) composed of two successive intrusions (protolithionite granite, zinnwaldite granite) is only slightly peraluminous, P-poor, F, Li, Rb, Cs, U, Th, REE, Y, Sc, Sn, W, Nb, Ta-rich granite, which may be classified as A-type. In both localities, the most fractionated intrusions are located on the top of the system. Samples from borehole GPF-1 (Beauvoir) represent an 800 m long vertical section through the entire granite stock, while CS-1 borehole (Cínovec) reached a depth of 1600 m. Chemical compositions of zircons from both granite systems show distinct vertical zonality, but their shape and elemental speciation is highly contrasting. At Beauvoir, zircon shows a remarkable increase in Hf-content from 2-4 wt. % HfO2 (~0.03 apfu Hf) in the deepest B3-unit to 15-19 wt. % HfO2 (up to 0.18 apfu Hf) in the uppermost B1-unit. The highest contents of F, P, and U were detected in the intermediate unit B2 at a depth of 400-600 m. At Cínovec, Hf shows only moderate enrichment from ca. 2 wt. % HfO2 in the deeper protolithionite granite to 5-10 wt. % HfO2 in the uppermost part of the zinnwaldite granite. High contents of Th (3-8 wt. % ThO2) are entirely bound in the uppermost section of the granite copula to a depth of 200 m, but below this level the contents only sporadically exceed 1 wt. % ThO2. Concentrations of U, Y, HREE, Sc and Bi also reach their highest values in the uppermost parts of the zinnwaldite granite, but their decrease downward is much gentler. Extreme enrichment of outer zones of zircon crystals from some granites with Hf or high contents of Th, U, REE, Y, Nb and of some other elements in zircons from other localities is not considered to be a specific phenomenon characterizing melts of A- or S-type granite, but reflects a high degree of fractionation of systems rich in Na and F.

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Harlaux, Matthieu, Christian Marignac, Julien Mercadier, Marc Poujol, Marie-Christine Boiron, Kalin Kouzmanov, Alfredo Camacho, et al. "Multistage development of a hydrothermal W deposit during the Variscan late-orogenic evolution: the Puy-les-Vignes breccia pipe (Massif Central, France)." BSGF - Earth Sciences Bulletin 192 (2021): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bsgf/2021023.

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The Puy-les-Vignes W deposit, located in the northwestern French Massif Central (FMC), is a rare occurrence of a wolframite-mineralized hydrothermal breccia pipe hosted in high-grade metamorphic gneisses. We present an integrated study of this deposit aiming to characterize the ore-forming hydrothermal system in link with the Variscan late-orogenic evolution of the FMC. Based on a set of representative samples from the host rocks and mineralization, we describe a detailed paragenetic sequence and we provide the major and trace element geochemistry of the granitic rocks and W–Nb–Ta–Sn–Ti oxide minerals, in situ U/Pb and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, and a fluid inclusion study of quartz and wolframite. We demonstrate that the formation of this W-mineralized breccia pipe results from a multistage development related to four major episodes during the late Carboniferous. The first episode corresponds to the emplacement of an unexposed peraluminous granite at ca. 324 Ma, which generated microgranite dykes exposed at the present-day surface. The second episode is the formation of the quartz-supported breccia pipe and wolframite mineralization at ca. 318 Ma at a paleodepth of 7 km. The mineralizing fluids have a H2O–NaCl–CO2–CH4–N2 composition, a moderate-salinity (< 9 wt.% NaCl eq) and were trapped at high-temperatures (> 400 °C) during lithostatic to hydrostatic pressure variations caused by hydrofracturing of the host rocks. Wolframite deposition is interpreted to result from a W-rich intermediate-density magmatic fluid that exsolved from an evolved leucogranite and interacted with volatile-rich metasedimentary country rocks and/or possibly mixed with low-salinity metamorphic fluids of deep origin. The third episode corresponds to magmatic-hydrothermal Nb–Ta mineralization overprinting the W-mineralized system interpreted to be related to the intrusion at ca. 311 Ma of a rare-metal granite, which is part of a regional peraluminous rare-metal magmatism during the 315–310 Ma period. Finally, the last episode corresponds to disseminated Bi ± Au–Ag mineralization emplaced at ca. 300 Ma, which shares similar mineralogical features with late Carboniferous orogenic gold deposits in the FMC. The Puy-les-Vignes W deposit records, therefore, a multistage and long-lived development that extends over a timespan of 25 million years in a regional setting dominated by protracted peraluminous magmatism and high-temperature and low-pressure metamorphism. Although the local environment of ore deposition is atypical, our results show that the mineral assemblages, alteration styles, and fluid characteristics of the Puy-les-Vignes breccia pipe are similar to those of other peri-granitic W deposits in the FMC.

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Turpin, Laurent, Jacques L. Leroy, and Simon M. F. Sheppard. "Isotopic systematics (O, H, C, Sr, Nd) of superimposed barren and U-bearing hydrothermal systems in a Hercynian granite, Massif Central, France." Chemical Geology 88, no. 1-2 (October 1990): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(90)90105-g.

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18

Lerouge, Catherine, and Vincent Bouchot. "Conditions of formation and origin of fluids of quartz-tourmaline veins in the La Châtaigneraie tungstiferous district (Massif Central, France): fluid inclusions and stable isotopes." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 180, no. 3 (May 1, 2009): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.180.3.263.

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Abstract A combined stable-isotope and microthermometric study was applied to wolframite-bearing and arsenopy-rite-bearing quartz-tourmaline veins, quartz-tourmaline veins associated with leucogranite, schist and the two types of granite – massive monzogranite and leucogranite stocks – of the tungsten Châtaigneraie district, in order to estimate pressure-temperature formation conditions of quartz-tourmaline veins and determine the origin of mineralizing fluids. Pressure-temperature conditions of barren-quartz-tourmaline-veins are estimated at 1.4 ± 0.4 kbars (around 5 km depth under lithostatic regime) and 487 ± 34°C. Oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions of mineralizing fluids indicate a dominant component of leucogranite-derived fluids in wolframite-bearing veins whereas arsenopyrite-bearing veins are strongly equilibrated with host schist.

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19

Barbey, Pierre, Arnaud Villaros, Christian Marignac, and Jean-Marc Montel. "Multiphase melting, magma emplacement and P-T-time path in late-collisional context: the Velay example (Massif Central, France)." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 186, no. 2-3 (2015): 93–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.186.2-3.93.

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AbstractThe West European Variscan chain is a remarkable illustration of how partial melting marks out the geodynamic evolution of mountain belt through time. Here, we focus on the Late Carboniferous melting events reported in the southeastern French Massif Central (Velay dome), with emphasis on the modes of partial melting, relationships between partial melting and magma emplacement, transition between the melting episodes and related P-T-t path. Following nappe stacking events under medium pressure/temperature conditions (M1 and M2 events), three melting events are identified in the southern envelope of the Velay dome. A first melting episode (M3 event) occurred within the biotite stability field at 325–315 Ma (T ≈ 720°C and P = 0.5–0.6 GPa). It led to the complete disappearance of muscovite and to the formation of migmatites consisting of biotite ± sillimanite melanosome and of granitic/tonalitic leucosomes depending on protolith composition. It is interpreted as the result of internal heating mainly linked to decay of heat producing elements accumulated in a thickened crust. It resulted in the formation of a partially molten middle crust with decoupling between the lower and upper crust, late-collisional extension and crustal thinning.The second episode of melting (M4 event) occurred at ca. 304 Ma (T 800°C and P 0.4 GPa), synchronously with emplacement of the Velay granites and growth of the dome. It led to the breakdown of biotite and growth of cordierite (locally garnet or tourmaline), with formation of diatexites and heterogeneous granites. This high-T event synchronous with crustal extension is considered to result from intrusion of hot mantle-derived and lower crustal magmas triggering catastrophic melting in the middle crust. This event ends with local retrograde hydrous melting within the stability field of biotite close to the solidus in response to local input of water during temperature drop in the late stage of emplacement of the Velay dome.The last evidence of melting in this area (M5 event) corresponds to emplacement of late granites generated under conditions estimated at ≈850°C and 0.4–0.6 GPa. They may have been generated from melting of specific lithologies triggered by injection of mafic magmas. These granites emplaced in a partly cooled crust (medium-grade conditions). The emplacement age of these granites is not well constrained (305–295 Ma) though they clearly post-date the Velay granites.The melting episodes in the Velay area and generation of granites appear to correspond to the conjunction between (i) the effects of collision-related crust thickening and (ii) those related to slab break off and asthenospheric mantle decompression melting. The driving process is mainly the internal radiogenic heat in a first stage, relayed by the propagation of a thermal anomaly initially located in the lower crust (M3 event), but which subsequently rose to the middle and upper crustal levels through magma transfer (M4 event). Overall, the Velay example is a remarkable illustration of the progressive dehydration and sterilisation of a thickened crustal segment. It documents how large amounts of granitic magmas can be produced at shallow crustal levels in relation to the injection of mantle-derived magmas.

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20

Lespinasse, Marc, and Arnaud Pêcher. "Microfracturing and regional stress field: a study of the preferred orientations of fluid-inclusion planes in a granite from the Massif Central, France." Journal of Structural Geology 8, no. 2 (January 1986): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(86)90107-0.

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21

Négrel, Ph, and R. Millot. "Behaviour of Li isotopes during regolith formation on granite (Massif Central, France): Controls on the dissolved load in water, saprolite, soil and sediment." Chemical Geology 523 (September 2019): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.05.037.

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22

Cathelineau, Michel, Serge Fourcade, Michel Varlet, Christian Marignac, Jean Vallance, and Marie-Christine Boiron. "The granite hosted gold deposit of Moulin de Ch�ni (Saint-Yrieix district, Massif Central, France): petrographic, structural, fluid inclusion and oxygen isotope constraints." Mineralium Deposita 39, no. 3 (May 1, 2004): 265–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00126-003-0396-6.

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23

Cathelineau, M., M. Lespinasse, A. M. Bastoul, C. Bernard, and J. Leroy. "Fluid migration during contact metamorphism: the use of oriented fluid inclusion trails for a time/space reconstruction." Mineralogical Magazine 54, no. 375 (June 1990): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1990.054.375.04.

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AbstractMicrothermometric characteristics of metamorphic to hydrothermal fluids and microfracturing were studied in a contact zone between metamorphic series and peraluminous granites, located in the southern part of the Mont Lozère pluton (Massif Central, France). Four major stages of fluid production or migration have been recognized: (1) N2-CH4 (±CO2)-rich fluids related to the metamorphism of the C-bearing shales, occurring as fluid inclusion along the quartz grain boundaries; (2) CO2-CH4-H2O vapours or liquids, with homogenization temperatures of 400 ± 20 and 350 ± 50°C respectively, related to the first hydrothermal stage produced by the late peraluminuous intrusions; (3) aqueous fluids having low salinities and Th in the range 150–330°C; (4) low-temperature aqueous fluids.It is shown that the percolation of hydrothermal fluids occurs through a dense set of microfissures on a microscopic scale. The different stages of fluid percolation have been investigated by relating the deformational events to the observed fracturing. The nature of the hydrothermal fluid has been deduced by studying the trails of fluid inclusions. Analysis of the relationships of the fluid inclusion trails (F.I.T.) with structures associated with plastic deformation show that their propagation is independent of the intracrystalline anisotropies. Combined studies of their orientation in space and their microthermometric characteristics show that: (1) according to the direction, several generations of fluids are distinguished within each sample on the basis of their physical-chemical characteristics; they correspond to different stages of the hydrothermal activity and to different directions of micro-crack opening; (2) in bulk isotropic media (granite), fluid inclusion trails are essentially mode I cracks which can be used as excellent markers of paleostress fields; however, in bulk anisotropic media (quartz lenses in mica schists) the migration directions of the fluids are mostly dependent on the local reorientations of the stress fields.The study of the contact zone between granites and a metamorphic series submitted to local abnormal heat flows shows that fluid characteristics are significantly different in the two environments. Migration of carbonic fluids from mica schists towards granites occurred but is relatively limited, whilst aqueous fluids mixed in variable amounts with carbonic fluids in the metamorphic zone.

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24

Couzinié, Simon, Oscar Laurent, Marc Poujol, Michaël Mintrone, Cyril Chelle-Michou, Jean-François Moyen, Pierre Bouilhol, Adrien Vezinet, and Linda Marko. "Cadomian S-type granites as basement rocks of the Variscan belt (Massif Central, France): Implications for the crustal evolution of the north Gondwana margin." Lithos 286-287 (August 2017): 16–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2017.06.001.

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25

Gapais, D., and B. Barbarin. "Quartz fabric transition in a cooling syntectonic granite (Hermitage Massif, France)." Tectonophysics 125, no. 4 (May 1986): 357–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(86)90171-x.

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26

Dobereiner, Lorenz, Jean-Louis Durville, and Jacques Restitutito. "Weathering of the massiac gneiss (massif central, France)." Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology 47, no. 1 (April 1993): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02639596.

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27

Giusti, Christian. "Asymétrie topographique et morphogénétique dans le sud du Massif central (France) (Topographie and morphogenetic asymmetrv of the Southern Massif Central, France)." Bulletin de l'Association de géographes français 85, no. 2 (2008): 254–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bagf.2008.2620.

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28

Hugonnot, Vincent. "Bryophytes of the Peatlands of Aubrac (Massif Central - France)." Cryptogamie, Bryologie 32, no. 1 (January 2011): 43–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7872/cryb.v32.iss1.2011.043.

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29

Zeyen, Hermann, Olaf Novak, Michael Landes, Claus Prodehl, Lynda Driad, and Alfred Hirn. "Refraction-seismic investigations of the northern Massif Central (France)." Tectonophysics 275, no. 1-3 (July 1997): 99–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-1951(97)00017-6.

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30

Downes, Hilary. "Tertiary and Quaternary volcanism in the Massif Central, France." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 30, no. 1 (1987): 517–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1987.030.01.25.

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31

Feijtel, T. C., A. G. Jongmans, N. Van Breemen, and R. Miedema. "Genesis of two Planosols in the Massif Central, France." Geoderma 43, no. 2-3 (December 1988): 249–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7061(88)90046-8.

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32

Veldkamp, A., and A. G. Jongmans. "Trachytic pumice weathering, Massif Central, France: Geochemistry and micromorphology." Chemical Geology 84, no. 1-4 (July 1990): 145–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(90)90192-a.

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33

Poschmann, Markus, Jason A. Dunlop, Olivier Béthoux, and Jean Galtier. "Carboniferous arachnids from the Graissessac Basin, Central Massif, France." Paläontologische Zeitschrift 90, no. 1 (March 2016): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12542-016-0295-7.

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34

Bogdanoff, Serge, Jean-Luc Cirodde, and Maurice Donnot. "The nappes of La Chataigneraie, southwest Massif Central, France." Tectonophysics 157, no. 1-3 (January 1989): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(89)90341-7.

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35

Martin, Philippe. "Approche fractale du karst des Grands Causses, Massif Central, France." Collection EDYTEM. Cahiers de géographie 7, no. 1 (2008): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/edyte.2008.1055.

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36

Lawalree, A. "Une nouvelle variete de Thesium (Santalaceae) du Massif Central (France)." Bulletin du Jardin botanique national de Belgique / Bulletin van de National Plantentuin van België 59, no. 3/4 (December 31, 1989): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3668361.

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37

Martin, J.-M., M. Meybeck, V. N. Nijampurkar, and B. L. K. Somayajulu. "210Pb, 226Ra and 32Si in Pavin lake (Massif Central, France)." Chemical Geology 94, no. 3 (March 1992): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2541(10)80002-6.

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38

Simon-Coinçon, Régine, Médard Thiry, and Florence Quesnel. "Paléopaysages et paléoenvironnements sidérolithiques du Nord du Massif central (France)." Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIA - Earth and Planetary Science 330, no. 10 (May 2000): 693–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1251-8050(00)00189-0.

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39

Vasari, Annicki, and Y. Vasari. "Relic occurence of Betula nana L. in Massif Central, France." Ecologia mediterranea 11, no. 1 (1985): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecmed.1985.1073.

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40

Juvigné, Etienne. "Deux retombées volcaniques tardiglaciaires dais le Cézallier (Massif Central, France)." Bulletin de l'Association française pour l'étude du quaternaire 24, no. 4 (1987): 241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/quate.1987.1853.

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41

Hutchison, R., C. T. Williams, P. Henderson, and S. J. B. Reed. "New varieties of mantle xenolith from the Massif Central, France." Mineralogical Magazine 50, no. 358 (December 1986): 559–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1986.050.358.02.

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AbstractSpinel lherzolite xenoliths from two localities in the Massif Central are undepleted in Al2O3, CaO, and Na2O. One suite from Tarreyres, is K2O depleted and amphibole-bearing whereas the other, from Monistrol d'Allier some 18 km away, is amphibole-free and has a higher mean K2O content of 0.035 wt.%. We present bulk major and minor element abundances in a harzburgite and a lherzolite from each locality and microprobe analyses of their constituent phases. Amphibole-bearing lherzolite and its pyroxenes are light-rare earth element (LREE) depleted, whereas amphibole-free lherzolite and its pyroxenes are LREE enriched. Both harzburgites and their pyroxenes are LREE enriched and one rock contains LREE enriched glass. The harzburgites are like harzburgite xenoliths from elsewhere but each lherzolite represents a previously unrecognized type of mantle in terms of the mineralogy and REE content. The implication for basalt genesis are briefly discussed.

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42

Downes, H. "Magma mixing in undersaturated alkaline volcanics, Cantal, Massif Central, France." Mineralogical Magazine 53, no. 369 (March 1989): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1989.053.369.04.

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AbstractSeveral examples of magma mixing exist within the undersaturated alkaline magma series of the Tertiary/Quaternary volcanics in the French Massif Central. This study describes magma mixing in the Puy Griou/Griounot area of the Cantal volcano (10-3 Ma). Petrographic evidence for injection of blebs of basic magma into phonolitic host magmas is abundant (cauliform inclusions, liquid-liquid contacts, vesiculation and chilling). Compositions of the inclusions are basic tephrite, whereas the hosts are miaskitic phonolites. Petrographic examination reveals the presence of disequilibrium mineralogical features (e.g. Mg-rich olivine in phonolites) and strong zoning in many clinopyroxenes. Transfer of phenocrysts between basic inclusions and phonolite hosts was common, and can be seen clearly in the wide range of compositions of clinopyroxene. Hornblende, magnetite and olivine were also transferred from inclusions to host.Sr and Nd isotope data indicate that, unlike most other fractionated magmas of the region, phonolites which show evidence for magma mixing are uncontaminated by the continental crust and have isotopic ratios similar to local primitive basic magmas. This leads to the suggestion that the magma mixing event took place at great depth, rather than being a high-level phenomenon. The phonolites were thus generated by high-pressure fractional crystallisation of an earlier basanitic or tephritic parent, perhaps at upper-mantle depths. This conclusion may explain why some phonolites elsewhere in the world have entrained spinel Iherzolite mantle xenoliths.

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43

Merceron, T. "Lithium-Bearing Donbassite and Tosudite from Echassières, Massif Central, France." Clays and Clay Minerals 36, no. 1 (1988): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1346/ccmn.1988.0360106.

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44

Thébaud, Gilles, Pierre Goubet, Renée Skrzypczak, and Éric Sourp. "Communautés végétales des tourbières ombrotrophes du Massif central oriental (France)." Acta Botanica Gallica 156, no. 3 (January 2009): 341–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2009.10516164.

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45

Edel, J. B. "Paleomagnetic evolution of the Central Massif (France) during the Carboniferous." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 82, no. 1-2 (March 1987): 180–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821x(87)90118-x.

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46

Martins, J.-M., M. Meybecks, V. N. Nijampurkar, and B. L. K. Somayajulu. "210Pb, 226Ra and 32Si in Pavin lake (Massif Central, France)." Chemical Geology: Isotope Geoscience section 94, no. 3 (March 1992): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9622(92)90010-8.

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47

Chen, Yan, Michel Faure, and Jean Pascal Cogné. "Late Permian palaeomagnetic results from the Brive basin (Massif Central, France)." Tectonophysics 281, no. 3-4 (November 1997): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-1951(97)00043-7.

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48

Elmi, Serge, and Louis Rulleau. "Le Jurassique du Beaujolais méridional, bordure orientale du Massif Central, France." Geobios 26 (January 1993): 139–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-6995(06)80368-2.

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49

Uenver-Thiele, Laura, Alan B. Woodland, Hilary Downes, and Rainer Altherr. "Oxidation State of the Lithospheric Mantle below the Massif Central, France." Journal of Petrology 55, no. 12 (December 2014): 2457–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egu063.

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50

Francez, André-Jean, and Jean Dévaux. "Répartition des rotifères dans deux lacs-tourbières du Massif Central (France)." Hydrobiologia 128, no. 3 (September 1985): 265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00006823.

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