Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Grants and subsidies'

The main objective of this thesis is to map and interpret the financial impacts of the economic crisis on a selected group of classical music cultural events by describing the influence of the possible decline in financial resources on their output and efficiency. The first part of the thesis presents the theoretical basis of culture financing and cultural policy in the Czech Republic and sums up the fundamental economic theories of the behaviour of economy during economic crisis, thus providing a starting point for further interpretation of the performance of these organizations. The second part of this thesis comprises qualitative research of possible variables on a representative sample of classical music festivals. The research is carried out through a content analysis of their annual reports and a secondary analysis of other data provided by relevant institutions. The final section of the thesis attempts to evaluate the impact of the economic crisis on the cultural sector, to confirm or disprove the initial premises and to evaluate generally the financial stability of the Czech classical music festivals.

Норми законодавства про освіту мають будуватися на основі застосування державного замовлення. Крім цього, застосовуючи ліцензування, МОН України слід видавати ліцензії лише найкращим НЗ, а також спільно з іншими державними і регіональними органами проводити політику на користь підвищення рівня технічної освіти (причому не лише вищої). Можливе проведення соціальної реклами типу «гарний токар або слюсар без вищої освіти заробляє набагато більше, ніж посередній юрист чи економіст із освітньо-кваліфікаційним рівнем «магістр». А це є сьогоднішньою дійсністю. Дотації і субсидії повинні видаватися лише НЗ, які мають результати або перспективи виконання важливих державних програм у сфері освіти. Крім отримання коштів від надання основних освітніх послуг, НЗ повинні на платній основі ефективніше надавати додаткові освітні послуги – послуги бібліотек, спортивних залів, басейнів та майданчиків, комп’ютерних класів тощо; а також інші послуги, які можуть надаватися суб’єктами господарювання у сфері освіти – послуги зі здачі в оренду приміщень та кабінетів, копіювання, харчування, побутового обслуговування, перевезення, медичні послуги та ін. у випадку дотримання умов спеціального законодавства. А поодиноких вдалих прикладів в Україні уже є чимало. Legislation on education should be based on the use of public procurement. MES Ukraine should issue licenses only finest universities, and cooperation with other state and regional authorities to pursue a policy in favor of raising the level of technical education (not only higher). It is possible to conduct social advertising.

Норми законодавства про освіту мають будуватися на основі застосування державного замовлення. Крім цього, застосовуючи ліцензування, МОН України слід видавати ліцензії лише найкращим НЗ, а також спільно з іншими державними і регіональними органами проводити політику на користь підвищення рівня технічної освіти (причому не лише вищої). Можливе проведення соціальної реклами типу «гарний токар або слюсар без вищої освіти заробляє набагато більше, ніж посередній юрист чи економіст із освітньо-кваліфікаційним рівнем «магістр». А це є сьогоднішньою дійсністю. Дотації і субсидії повинні видаватися лише НЗ, які мають результати або перспективи виконання важливих державних програм у сфері освіти. Крім отримання коштів від надання основних освітніх послуг, НЗ повинні на платній основі ефективніше надавати додаткові освітні послуги – послуги бібліотек, спортивних залів, басейнів та майданчиків, комп’ютерних класів тощо; а також інші послуги, які можуть надаватися суб’єктами господарювання у сфері освіти – послуги зі здачі в оренду приміщень та кабінетів, копіювання, харчування, побутового обслуговування, перевезення, медичні послуги та ін. у випадку дотримання умов спеціального законодавства. А поодиноких вдалих прикладів в Україні уже є чимало.
Legislation on education should be based on the use of public procurement. MES Ukraine should issue licenses only finest universities, and cooperation with other state and regional authorities to pursue a policy in favor of raising the level of technical education (not only higher). It is possible to conduct social advertising.

Les Jeunes Entreprises Technologiques (JET) ont des besoins financiers importants aux premiers stades tandis que la plupart des marchés des capitaux entrepreneuriaux restent moins développés en Europe qu’aux Etats-Unis. Cette situation conduit les pouvoirs publics à créer des dispositifs financiers, dont des subsides, pour soutenir ces JET. Selon la Public Sponsorship Theory, ces subsides devraient soulager le contrainte de financement qui pèse sur les JET et ainsi leur permettre de poursuivre leur développement jusqu’à attirer des investisseurs ou vivre de leurs ventes. Pour autant, l’évaluation empirique de ces subsides a produit des résultats critiques. Cette thèse étudie ces critiques à Bruxelles, un environnement européen interventionniste typique, en répondant à la question « Pourquoi les Jeunes Entreprises Technologiques font elles appel aux subsid¬¬es et comment ceux-ci affectent-ils leur développement?».Cette thèse est constituée d’articles de recherche réalisés à l’aide de stratégies qualitatives supportées par des études de cas. Le Chapitre 2 présente les études de cas de 10 JET et répond aux questions :« Comment les JET se financent-elles aux premiers stades ?» et « Quel est le rôle des aides publiques dans ces stratégies de financement ?». Il décrit un écosystème bruxellois où les JET parviennent à se financer mais où les subsides sont particulièrement présents à tous les stades. Le Chapitre 3 étudie la construction et la succession des tours de table au sein de 8 JET sur une période de trois ans après leur création. En particulier, il répond aux questions :« Les subsides répondent-ils à des contraintes de financement liées à un manque d’offre de fonds ?», « Pourquoi les JET font-elles appel aux subsides ?» et « Les subsides signalent-ils les JET aux investisseurs ?». Il souligne que l’opportunisme et la volonté d’éviter la dilution sont des motifs fréquents pour demander des subsides. Il met aussi en lumière que ces derniers sont fréquemment alloués selon une stratégie de type « picking the winners » où les meilleurs JET, aussi les plus indépendantes, reçoivent le plus d’aides publiques. Finalement, le Chapitre 4 adopte une perspective centrée sur les ressources et étudie le rôle des subsides au sein de configurations de ressources humaines, sociales et financières. Nous avons utilisé la Qualitative Comparative Analysis, en progression dans la recherche sur l’entrepreneuriat, sur un échantillon de 31 JET ICT afin de répondre aux questions suivantes :« Quelles sont les configurations de ressources qui conduisent à la croissance des ventes des JET ?», « Quelles sont les configurations de ressources qui permettent aux JET d’attirer des investisseurs ?» et « Comment les subsides contribuent-ils à ces configurations ?». Au terme de cette analyse, nous présentons une taxonomie de cinq types de JET basée sur leur mix de ressources à la création. Ces types soulignent le rôle central du capital humain dans la croissance des ventes et l’attraction d’investisseurs, et ce, tandis que les subsides jouent un rôle secondaire.Ces résultats offrent une réponse à notre question de recherche. En ce qui concerne les raisons d’utiliser les subsides, l’absence d’alternative due à des contraintes de financements est rare, et ce, tandis que la majorité des demandes sont guidées par l’opportunisme et/ou la volonté d’éviter ou limiter la dilution. En ce qui concerne l’impact de ces subsides, leur rôle apparaît secondaire dans le développement commercial et financier des JET.Finalement, ces conclusions permettent de formuler des recommandations à destination des praticiens. Aux décideurs politiques, nous conseillons de revoir les modalités d’attribution des subsides pour les limiter aux équipes dotées d’un capital humain fort. De plus, nous suggérons d’encourager les initiatives destinées à renforcer la complémentarité des équipes entrepreneuriales et les aider à s’insérer dans des réseaux d’affaires. Aux entrepreneurs, nous recommandons de prêter une attention particulière à la complémentarité de leurs équipes, et ce, tant sur les plans techniques que commerciaux.
New Technology-Based Firms (NTBF) have high financial needs at early stage while most European entrepreneurial equity markets remain less developed than in the United States. This threatens their development and the expected loss of regional spillovers pushes policy makers to create financial schemes such as grants to support them. According to Public Sponsorship Theory, grants should offer NTBF a relief from funding constraints and enable them to continue their development until they get support of investors or their sales allow self-financing. However, empirical evaluation of the relevance and impact of grants has been mostly critical. This PhD investigates these criticisms in Brussels, a typical western European interventionist region, by answering the question “Why do New Technology-Based Firms use grants and how do they affect their development?”.Our PhD is made of three empirical research papers carried out following qualitative research strategies resting on multiple case studies. Chapter 2 presents case studies of 10 NTBF to answer the questions: “How do NTBF finance themselves at early stages?” and “What is the role of public aids in these financing strategies?”. It describes a Brussels ecosystem in which NTBF manage to finance themselves but where grants are particularly present at every stage. Chapter 3 studies the design and succession of financing rounds within 8 NTBF over three years after incorporation. In particular, we answer the questions: “Are grants to NTBF answering to supply-sided financing constraints?”, “Why do NTBF apply for grants?” and “Are grants signalling NTBF to investors?”. It highlights that opportunism and the avoidance of dilution are common motives for grants applications and that these are regularly allocated following a “picking the winners’ strategy. Finally, Chapter 4 adopts a resource-based perspective by studying the role of grants within resource configurations of human, social and financial capital. Based on a sample of 31 ICT NTBF, we used Qualitative Comparative Analysis, an approach still in its infancy in entrepreneurship research, to answer the following questions: “What are the resource configurations that lead to the sales growth of NTBF?”, “What are the resource configurations that lead NTBF attract equity?” and “How do grants contribute to these configurations?”. At the end of the analysis, we present a five type’s taxonomy of NTBF based on their resource mixes at incorporation. These types underscore the central role of human capital in achieving sales growth and attracting equity as well as the secondary role of grants.Results of Chapter 2, 3 and 4 allow answering our main research question. Regarding the reasons for using grants, the absence of alternative due to supply-sided constraints is rare while the overwhelming majority of requests are guided by opportunism and/or the desire to avoid or limit dilution. Regarding the impact of grants, their role appears secondary in both the commercial and financial development of NTBF.Finally, these findings lead to recommendations to practitioners. To policy makers, we advise rethinking the modalities of grants and limit their availability to teams with strong human capital. Additionally, we suggest to spur initiatives to help entrepreneurial teams strengthening their complementarity and inserting themselves within business networks. To entrepreneurs, we recommend to pay particular attention to the complementarity of their founding team on both the technical and commercial axes.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Sous l'impulsion de l'Union européenne et de l'ouverture des marchés, le droit de l'énergie a considérablement évolué ces dix dernières années. Les textes en matière d'énergie solaire photovoltaïque se sont amplifiés depuis la loi « Pope » jusqu'aux lois « Grenelle I » et « Grenelle II », et récemment avec la loi n° 2015-992 du 17 août 2015 relative à la transition énergétique pour la croissance verte, suivies de nombreux décrets pour leur application et une jurisprudence de plus en plus abondante en la matière. Il en résulte un ensemble considérable de textes évolutifs et complexes dont l'accès reste difficile à appréhender et à appliquer. Cette instabilité des règles régissant la matière – certes inévitable au regard des nécessaires changements requis par toute innovation – est source d'insécurité juridique et s'avère extrêmement déstabilisante pour les acteurs du secteur en quête de visibilité. En outre, l'installation d'une centrale de production d'électricité photovoltaïque au sein de son habitation, est à la fois un projet d'investissement et une opération de construction immobilière, qui exige des garanties tant sur le plan financier qu'au niveau de la construction (sûretés et assurances) pour permettre de mieux maîtriser les risques et rassurer les parties au projet. Néanmoins, les nombreux freins contractuels, administratifs et financiers ralentissent le développement du photovoltaïque et se heurtent aux ambitions de promouvoir cette « électricité verte » sur l'ensemble du territoire et notamment parvenir à l'autonomie énergétique de l'île de La Réunion. Ainsi, cette étude présente et analyse le droit de l'énergie photovoltaïque, visant notamment le particulier à La Réunion, sous ses différents angles (fiscal, financier, contractuel, administratif, urbanistique, des responsabilités) – à jour des textes les plus récents – et en explicite les modalités d'application à la lumière des multiples textes réglementaires, législatifs, guides professionnels et de la jurisprudence, que ce soit celle des tribunaux ou des autorités de régulation
Facing a weakening photovoltaic market and a sector already bedeviled recently by a huge increase of legal texts, private investors decrease. This thesis tackles legal framework concerning photovoltaic energy in Reunion Island. This will include the analysis of fiscal incentives such as investment grants and tax preferences, as well as more general environmental policy instruments (feed-in-tariffs and renewable subsidies and grants). Moreover, this will include the analysis of contracts such as loan agreement, sale contract, lease agreement and connection/Commissioning contracts, as well as more environmental aspect. At last, risks, insurances, liability comprising legal proceedings and guarantees will be studied in this thesis

In the first part of the thesis, the present state of the Prague theatre network is introduced and the preconditions and possibilities of its further development are discussed. The introduction is followed by the analysis of the funding of the Prague theatres and cultural policy focusing on the system of subsidies and grants, transformation of the theatre network and other means of support. In the second part of the thesis, a thorough analysis of the six theatre venues that have emerged in the last six years, namely Studio Hrdinů, Company.cz in Divadlo Komedie, Venuše ve Švehlovce, Vila Štvanice, Jatka 78 and Panoptikon Barikáda, is provided. The analysis focuses on various factors influencing the venues: their location, relationship with the lawful owner of the property, legal form, their relationship with the audience, and last but not least the way they are funded. In the conclusion, the comparison of the situation of the six venues is provided.

Diploma thesis deals with financing projects from EU funds and includes instructions on how to obtain subsidies from EU funds. Introductory part is devoted to theoretical information concerning European Union funds. In the main part of analyzing the situation HATRACO Company Ltd. and described the procedure for obtaining funds from the EU structural funds. The final section is devoted to evaluate the use of structural funds for the development of the company.

Access to education is a central part of federal higher education policy, and federal grant and loan programs are in place to make college degrees more attainable for students. However, there is still controversy about whether there are unintended consequences of implementing and maintaining these programs, and whether they are effectively achieving the goal of increased accessibility. In order to answer questions about whether three specific types of federal aid cause higher tuition rates and whether these programs increase graduation rates, four ordinary least squares regression models were estimated. They include changes in both in-state and out-of-state tuition sticker prices, graduation rates, as well as changes in three types of federal aid, and other variables indicative of the value of a degree for four-year public universities in Arizona, California, Georgia, and Florida for years 2001-2011. The regressions indicate a positive effect of Pell Grants on in-state and out-of-state tuition and fees, a positive effect of disbursed subsidized federal loans on the change in number of degrees awarded, and a positive effect of Pell Grants on graduation rates.
B.A.
Bachelors
Business Administration
Economics

Avhandlingens syfte är att beskriva och analysera arbetets betydelse i starta eget–bidragsföretagares liv. Material har samlats in dels genom en omfattande enkätstudie som omfattar hela populationen nuvarande och tidigare företagare från 1995 i Östergötlands län, dels genom en serie livsberättelseorienterade intervjuer med ett urval aktiva respektive före detta företagare med fokus på deras inställning till arbete. Resultaten visar bland annat att etableringsmotiven ofta utgår främst från strukturer och omständigheter utanför individen och att dennes handlande när det gäller att starta eget i mycket bygger på ett oreflekterat förhållningssätt. Analyserna lyfter också fram de identitetsskapande aspekterna av arbete och visar att den del av identiteten som är knuten till arbete i många fall mycket starkt påverkar eller omformar övriga identitetsaspekter. SeB-företagarna kan betraktas som ”nödvändighetsentreprenörer” då de skapar nya arbetstillfällen åt sig själva. Bland nuvarande företagare anser drygt hälften att deras liv tagit en positiv riktning. De mest negativa återfinns i gruppen tidigare SeB-företagare, av vilka drygt en tredjedel anser att deras liv tagit en negativ riktning. Bland fördelarna med företagande framhålls av de studerade personerna framför allt möjligheten till en upplevd egenkontroll i arbetet. Nackdelar som betonas är ekonomisk oro, kompetensbrist och brist på sociala relationer.
The thesis aims to describe and analyze the importance of work for those who start up in business through the active labour market programme – the start-up grant entrepreneur. The material was collected partly through an extensive questionnaire study covering the entire population of current and former entrepreneurs in subsidized enterprises from 1995 in Östergötland, Sweden, and partly by a series of life story-oriented interviews about attitudes to work with a sample of active or former entrepreneurs. The results show, inter alia, that the establishment motives are often essentially based on the structure and circumstances beyond the individual and that his/her actions in terms of starting their own business are largely based on a non reflective approach. The analysis also highlights the identity-building aspects of work and shows that in many cases the part of one’s identity that is associated with work significantly affects other identity issues. Start-up entrepreneurs can be regarded as ”necessity entrepreneurs” when they create new jobs for themselves. Among the current workers, just over half believe that their lives have taken a positive direction. The most negative is the group of former start-up entrepreneurs, in which just over one third indicate that their lives have taken a negative direction. The benefits of entrepreneurship highlighted by the studied subjects include the possibility of a perceived self-monitoring at work. Disadvantages indicated by the same people include economic concerns, skills shortages and lack of social relationships.

The thesis handles the topic ``Financial subsidies in the agriculture after the entrance into EU{\crqq}. It focuses on the subsidies and their analysis in the company ``A{\crqq} in years 2003 {--} 2006. The theoretical part describes what the subsidies are, their types, system, alternations and the institutions which ensure them. The practical part is composed as a financial analysis. Two situations were compared. The first situation describes the company{\crq}s economy without subsidies and the second describes the company{\crq}s economy with the subsidies. In the next part the structure of costs on chosen growths was summed up.

M. Tech. Business Administration
Provision of grants by financial institutions, government units and state owned agencies is of paramount importance in the development of entrepreneurs to the level of self-sustainability. Grants should be given on merit and also according to the needs of entrepreneurs; this can be established by means of feasibility studies done by entrepreneurs and effective funding models. Gert Sibande District is a municipality within the Mpumalanga Province which can be categorised as one of the areas that has previously disadvantaged individuals and most of the areas are rural, semi-rural and declared poverty pocket areas by the Provincial Government. This study was undertaken to analyse the impact of grants on the effective development of entrepreneurs and their sustainability in Gert Sibande District of Mpumalanga Province. The capability of the entrepreneurs and the roles of the support structures in addressing this problem were explored.

The purpose of this master thesisis to familiarize with diversification possibilities of the agricultural enterprise as well as to compare the economics ofproduct oriented farmer with the economics of agricultural enterprise after utilization of environmental donations and with ecologically oriented farmer.For this comparison I created three real enterprise diversifications. Diversificationsare particularly designed for a different approach to land usage, intensity and the amount of donations. The practical part is devoted to grants utilization from European Union funds for conventional agriculture and to the possibilities to obtain additional donations after diversification of agricultural enterprise to ecologically oriented one or to enterprise were agri-environmental measures was applied. The last part is focused at assessing funds? performance in various types of agricultural enterprises and finding the most profitable type.

The theoretical part describes development grants, financial analysis and farm accountancy data network. The goal of financial analysis was an implementation and consequential formulation of effects of the financial analysis. Basis of the analysis were profit and loss statements and balance sheets. The financial analysis was make on the basis of analysis of proportion indicators: profitability, activity, liquidity and insolventy. Every agricultural enterprise I compared with farm accountancy data network (FADN). The informations for processing this work was predominantly gained from Ministry of agriculture, State agricultural interventional fund, agricultural enterprise, literature and internet.

The thesis is focused on analysis of income situation of municipality in less favourable conditions. Municipality with smaller number of inhabitants are always dependent on tax revenue, which however are not sufficient for refundment of necessary expenditure. Then therefore to didn't have to happen to abridgement expenditure areas conversely could be assure development, must municipality search other ways and means of income in his budget. Requisite development conditions of municipality so will prevent departure young people to town conversely attract inhabitants to country. Mostly exploited possibility by all the municipality is increment of income by the help of subsidies or grants. This possibility is supported by the state, which offers by means of individual ministry different grant programs. Important providers became individual regions. The South Bohemia region offers to all his municipality possibility derive from different subsidy and grant programme.

A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Community Development work in the Department of Social Work, at the University of Zululand, 2005.

The promotion of Local Economic Development (LED) increasingly involves the allocation of grant finance for project implementation. This finance is often provided on condition that the grant recipient commits a certain level of co-funding to the project. These co-funding requirements are essentially a risk-sharing mechanism used to avert the agency problems, namely adverse selection and moral hazard, which occur in the relationship between the funding programme and the grant beneficiaries. The purpose of this study is to examine whether these requirements are effective at achieving this aim and to determine their impact on the LED outcomes of various types of projects. This is undertaken through the comparative analysis of projects funded through the Gijima KwaZulu-Natal Local Competitiveness Fund Implementation Programme (LCFI), which provided grant funding for projects implemented by the private sector, Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and local government. The findings indicate that co-funding has a positive impact on internally co-funded private sector projects and in this scenario is necessary to achieve optimal outcomes. Inversely, co-funding has a detrimental impact on projects implemented by non-profit groups in that it requires the attraction of funding from additional organisations whose finance conditions may not align to those of the principal donor. Finally, co-funding is ineffective when provided by government for the implementation of community projects due to the lack of risk it assumes. These findings have implications for the design of LED grant programmes and support the assertion that grant programme should be designed to efficiently reflect the objectives and risk preferences of the institutions they support.
Thesis (M.Dev.Studies)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.

(in English) Diploma thesis "Municipal library in Odolena Voda as an information a cultural centre : Project" suggests possibilities of changes and expansion of library services provided by the Municipal library in Odolena Voda and suggests other activities so that it becomes in the future a modern information and cultural centre of Odolena Voda . The author briefly describes the history and current status of Odolena Voda. Another part is focused on analysis of current conditions of the Municipal Library in Odolena Voda - describes its building, the library collections, users and specifies currenly offered library services and activities in which is currently the library involved. The author also summarizes the Czech legislation related to the services of public libraries, and international standards and recommendations for public library services. Furthermore, in work as a basis for designing new services and activities of the Municipal in Library Odolena Voda gives an examples and experiences from other municipal libraries in the country. In the next part of the work the author charts the subsidy opportunities for public libraries- grant programs of the Regional Office of the Central Region, subsidy programs of the Ministry of Culture (Library of the 21st century, the Czech library, VISK) and the...