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Zaród, Jadwiga. "OPTIMAL UTILIZATION OF EUROPEAN UNION GRANTS – A CASE STUDY." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia 17, no. 4 (December 30, 2018): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2018.17.4.67.
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Following Poland’s accession to the European Union, farmers were given new opportunities to make use of various form of support from EU funds. The goal of this work is to show the utilization of EU funds by an agricultural farm and optimization of its production. The task was made possible by means of two multicriteria linear-dynamic optimization models. The first model accounted for real production structure and EU subsidies. The subsidies were not included in the second model. The empirical material constituted real data on an agricultural farm located in the commune of Nowogard (West Pomeranian Voivodship). The results of the solutions indicated over a threefold increase of agricultural income, agricultural production and the amount of organic substance supplemented to the soil of an agricultural farm accounting for EU grants.
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Fałdowski, Marek, and Mariusz Nepelski. "EU Funds for Security." Internal Security 10, no. 1 (November 27, 2018): 147–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7497.
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Police Academy in Szczytno as a university applies for grants for scientific projects and education activities under national and international calls for proposals. To a large extent, the Academy, as part of national resources, participates in competitions of the National Centre for Research and Development, but also in national and regional operational programmes. The research carried out primarily has the nature of applied and industrial research carried out for the benefit of industry or development works for specific recipients from the area of generally understood security. The obtained European funds are primarily projects implemented under the 7th Framework Program, and currently mainly within the European Union’s Horizon 2020 programme in the area of security. Police Academy in Szczytno is an active recipient of financial resources from European sources, mainly under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 programme. Police Academy in Szczytno is a member of scientific and industrial consortia implementing projects mainly in the fields of security, cybersecurity, organized crime and terrorism, and education of law enforcement officers. Police Academy in Szczytno has a highly qualified scientific and teaching staff and modern infrastructure, which enables the Academy to apply for funds under European programmes. This article presents five projects carried out by the Police Academy in Szczytno as part of European Union research programmes. The authors of the article provide overview of the characteristics of projects implemented in international consortia, discuss their goals and assumptions and indicate the potential ways of utilizing the developed solutions and project results.
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Nyikos, Györgyi, Attila Béres, Tamás Laposa, and Gergő Závecz. "Do financial instruments or grants have a bigger effect on SMEs’ access to finance? Evidence from Hungary." Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies 12, no. 5 (May 8, 2020): 667–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeee-09-2019-0139.
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Purpose The economic situation in Europe is improving, nevertheless in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) entrepreneurs and small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are still lacking in finances. In this situation, public funding can play an important role. Besides grants, the use of financial instruments (FIs) has become increasingly popular lately in CEE as well. This paper aims to examine the micro-level effects of the different financial tools to understand which type of finance could be most recommended for policymakers in relation to improving access to finance for SMEs, and thus achieving long-term, sustainable economic growth. Design/methodology/approach The database used is a panel with firm-years as the units of analysis, the variables contain firm-level characteristics, yearly aggregated information on European Union (EU) subsidies and yearly aggregated information on credits received by the firms. The analyses are done using propensity score matching. The ultimate goal is to show whether the EU funds – grants and FIs – have contributed to the development of the Hungarian post-communist economy at micro level or not. Findings The result shows that the use of subsidies has a positive impact on employment, sales and in certain settings on productivity. It is very important to notice, that grants seem to be used effectively. However, the results also show that the provision of the FI holds more direct relevance to advanced productivity. The conclusion is that FIs have more positive impact on the Hungarian economy. Originality/value At the time of the programming for the EU 2021-2027 multiannual financial framework, the paper presents original research in the field of access to finance showing evidence and evaluating the effect of using grants versus FIs, emphasiing differences between the two development tools. It is providing an invaluable insight to the policymaker for planning policy tools and use of funds in a most effective and efficient way.
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Kornaszewski, Mieczysław, Przemysław Ciszak, and Henryk Zielaskiewicz. "Railway sidings as a freight generator from the perspective of legal provisions." Transportation Overview - Przeglad Komunikacyjny 2020, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_20_01_03.
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The paper characterizes conditionings of demand on railway cargo carriages in Poland. Advantages of geographical location of Poland were shown from the perspective of international freight corridors scheme. Historic intermodal freight volumes were visualized and taken in reference. The authors took an effort to define notions for a set of elements of logistic infrastructure with substantial meaning for functioning of railway transportation. Key focus was put on features of railway sidings and operational issues linked to their usage. Subjective law provisions and regulations of high significance were quoted and commented. Reasonableness of offering grants from European Union public funds for creation or amelioration of railway reloading facilities was proven in the context of EU transport policy aimed at support for modal shift to environmentally friendly shipping solutions. Keywords: Rail transport services; Logistics infrastructure; Railway sidings; Act on rail transport
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Pietrzak, Piotr. "Wielkość dotacji na działalność statutową a efektywność naukowa wydziałów Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie." Zarządzanie Finansami i Rachunkowość 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/zfir.2017.5.2.12.
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Both in Poland and in other European Union countries, universities are primarily financed from public funds. This is due to the role that societies assign the spread of higher education. However, increasingly important in determining the level of public funds play performance indicators. Thus, the starting point in designing procedures for allocation is the postulate that more efficient units (faculties) should get much more funds than to less efficient. The hypothesis of the research assumes that there is a high positive correlation between the amount of the statutory grant and scientific efficiency of Warsaw University of Life Sciences’ faculties.
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Lengyel, Imre, and Balázs Kotosz. "The Catching up Processes of the Regions of the Visegrad Group Countries." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 21, no. 4 (December 10, 2018): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cer-2018-0024.
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The majority of Central and Eastern European post‑socialist countries acceded to the European Union in 2004. The integration of these economies to the Union had begun earlier, which was strengthened by grants from the Structural Funds after the accession. One of their aims is to facilitate the catching up processes of less developed regions and their convergence to the average of older member states. In our study1, we examine the success of the catching up processes of the NUTS3 regions in the four Visegrad Group countries (V4), i.e., the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia, between 2000 and 2014 to the average of the 15 initial member states of the European Union. Is there a process of catching up in each region, and if so, is it at a similar or a highly different rate? We analyze the development of GDP per capita at Purchasing Power Parity, and we examine disparities in the level of catching up using entropy‑based Theil indexes. We provide a detailed analysis of two of the influencing factors of the catching up process of regions. Firstly, we look at whether the catching up process of the regions took place in a similar or very different way compared to the national average. Secondly, we examine how the size of the biggest city of the regions affected catching up, and whether the role of the biggest city of region can be shown.
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Remuzgo Martinez, S., F. Genre, V. Pulito-Cueto, D. Prieto-Peña, B. Atienza-Mateo, B. Sevilla, J. Llorca, et al. "AB0012 ROLE OF IRF5 GENE ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN-A VASCULITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1309.1–1310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1023.
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Background:Interferon signaling pathway plays a relevant role in autoimmunity. Genetic variants in theinterferon regulatory factor (IRF) 5gene, that encodes the major regulator of the type I interferon induction [1], have been related to the development of several inflammatory diseases [2].Objectives:To determine the influence ofIRF5on Immunoglobulin-A vasculitis (IgAV), an inflammatory vascular disease.Methods:ThreeIRF5polymorphisms (rs2004640, rs2070197 and rs10954213) representative of 3 different haplotype blocks were genotyped in 372 Caucasian patients with IgAV and 876 sex and ethnically matched healthy controls.Results:No statistically significant differences between patients with IgAV and controls were observed when eachIRF5polymorphism was analyzed independently. Similarly, no statistically significant differences between patients with IgAV and controls were found whenIRF5polymorphisms were evaluated combined conforming haplotypes. Additionally, there were no statistically significant differences in genotype, allele and haplotype frequencies ofIRF5when patients with IgAV were stratified according to the age at disease onset or to the presence/absence of gastrointestinal or renal manifestations.Conclusion:Our results do not support an influence ofIRF5on the pathogenesis of IgAV.References:[1]Nat Immunol 2011; 12: 231-8;[2]Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16: R146.Acknowledgments:This study was supported by European Union FEDER funds and “Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias” (grant PI18/00042) from ‘Instituto de Salud Carlos III’ (ISCIII, Health Ministry, Spain). RL-M is a recipient of a Miguel Servet type I programme fellowship from the ISCIII, co-funded by the European Social Fund (ESF, `Investing in your future´) (grant CP16/00033). SR-M is supported by funds of the RETICS Program (RD16/0012/0009) (ISCIII, co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)). VP-C is supported by a pre-doctoral grant from IDIVAL (PREVAL 18/01). LL-G is supported by funds of PI18/00042 (ISCIII, co-funded by ERDF).Disclosure of Interests:Sara Remuzgo Martinez: None declared, Fernanda Genre: None declared, Verónica Pulito-Cueto: None declared, D. Prieto-Peña: None declared, Belén Atienza-Mateo: None declared, Belén Sevilla: None declared, Javier Llorca: None declared, Norberto Ortego: None declared, Leticia Lera-Gómez: None declared, Maite Leonardo: None declared, Ana Peñalba: None declared, María Jesús Cabero: None declared, Luis Martín-Penagos: None declared, Jose Alberto Miranda-Filloy: None declared, Antonio Navas Parejo: None declared, Javier Sanchez Perez: None declared, Maximiliano Aragües: None declared, Esteban Rubio: None declared, MANUEL LEON LUQUE: None declared, Juan María Blanco-Madrigal: None declared, E. Galindez: None declared, Javier Martin Ibanez: None declared, Santos Castañeda: None declared, Ricardo Blanco Grant/research support from: Abbvie, MSD and Roche, Consultant of: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen and MSD, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen, Lilly and MSD, Miguel A González-Gay Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Abbvie, MSD, Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Abbvie, MSD, Raquel López-Mejías: None declared
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Genre, F., S. Remuzgo Martinez, V. Pulito-Cueto, D. Prieto-Peña, B. Atienza-Mateo, B. Sevilla, J. Llorca, et al. "AB0011 INFLUENCE OF IL17A GENE ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN-A VASCULITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1309.2–1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.641.
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Background:Cytokines signaling pathway genes represent a key component of the genetic network implicated in the pathogenesis of Immunoglobulin-A vasculitis (IgAV) [1], an inflammatory vascular pathology.Interleukin (IL)17Ais a genetic risklocusfor autoimmune diseases, such as giant cell arteritis [2] and spondyloarthritis [3].Objectives:To determine the potential influence ofIL17Aon IgAV.Methods:FiveIL17Atag polymorphisms (rs4711998, rs8193036, rs3819024, rs2275913 and rs7747909) were genotyped in 360 Caucasian patients with IgAV and 1,003 sex and ethnically matched healthy controls.Results:No statistically significant differences between patients with IgAV and healthy controls were observed when eachIL17Agenetic variant was analyzed independently. Similarly, no statistically significant differences between patients with IgAV and healthy controls were found when the fiveIL17Apolymorphisms were evaluated combined conforming haplotypes. In addition, there were no statistically significant differences in genotype, allele and haplotype frequencies ofIL17Awhen patients with IgAV were stratified according to the age at disease onset or to the presence/absence of gastrointestinal or renal manifestations.Conclusion:Our results do not support an influence ofIL17Aon the pathogenesis of IgAV.References:[1]Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17: 301-15[2]Ann Rheum Dis 2014; 73: 1742-5[3]Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018: 1395823.Acknowledgments:This study was supported by European Union FEDER funds and “Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias” (grant PI18/00042) from ‘Instituto de Salud Carlos III’ (ISCIII, Health Ministry, Spain). RL-M is a recipient of a Miguel Servet type I programme fellowship from the ISCIII, co-funded by the European Social Fund (ESF, `Investing in your future´) (grant CP16/00033). SR-M is supported by funds of the RETICS Program (RD16/0012/0009) (ISCIII, co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)). VP-C is supported by a pre-doctoral grant from IDIVAL (PREVAL 18/01). LL-G is supported by funds of PI18/00042 (ISCIII, co-funded by ERDF).Disclosure of Interests:Fernanda Genre: None declared, Sara Remuzgo Martinez: None declared, Verónica Pulito-Cueto: None declared, D. Prieto-Peña: None declared, Belén Atienza-Mateo: None declared, Belén Sevilla: None declared, Javier Llorca: None declared, Norberto Ortego: None declared, Leticia Lera-Gómez: None declared, Maite Leonardo: None declared, Ana Peñalba: None declared, María Jesús Cabero: None declared, Luis Martín-Penagos: None declared, Jose Alberto Miranda-Filloy: None declared, Antonio Navas Parejo: None declared, Diego de Argila: None declared, Maximiliano Aragües: None declared, Esteban Rubio-Romero: None declared, MANUEL LEON LUQUE: None declared, Juan María Blanco-Madrigal: None declared, E. Galindez: None declared, Javier Martin Ibanez: None declared, Santos Castañeda: None declared, Ricardo Blanco Grant/research support from: Abbvie, MSD and Roche, Consultant of: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen and MSD, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen, Lilly and MSD, Miguel A González-Gay Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Abbvie, MSD, Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Abbvie, MSD, Raquel López-Mejías: None declared
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Randová, Kateřina, and Michal Krajňák. "Selected Aspects of the Copenhagen Economics Study on Reduced VAT Rates in the Current Conditions of the Moravian-Silesian Region." Financial Assets and Investing 3, no. 1 (January 31, 2012): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/fai2012-1-2.
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This paper deals with a long-debated issue of the application of value added tax rates to labour-intensive services. The level of value added tax rates has a dominant influence on the tax liability of suppliers of these services and subsequently on the amount of available funds that they could use for development of their business. The aim of this paper is a presentation of results of the student grant “Quantification of Impacts of Application of Reduced Value Added Tax Rate to Locally Supplied Services on the Suppliers of these Services”, which is focused on selected aspects of the “Study on reduced VAT applied to goods and services in the Member States of the European Union” in the conditions of the providers of these services from the Moravian-Silesian Region. For this paper the methods of regression analysis and analysis of variance – ANOVA were used. The deductive method and method of analysis have also been used.
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Prieto-Peña, D., F. Genre, S. Remuzgo Martinez, V. Pulito-Cueto, B. Atienza-Mateo, B. Sevilla, J. Llorca, et al. "AB0096 IGA VASCULITIS AND IGA NEPHROPATHY SHARE A SIMILAR IL17A ASSOCIATION PATTERN." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 1076.3–1077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.766.
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Background:IgA vasculitis (IgAV) and IgA nephropathy (IgAN) are inflammatory conditions that share pathogenic and molecular mechanisms [1] and may represent different outcomes of a continuous spectrum of disease [2]. Interleukin (IL)17A has been identified as a common genetic risk locus for several immune-mediated diseases [3, 4].Objectives:To determine whether IgAV and IgAN exhibit a different IL17A association pattern.Methods:Five IL17A tag polymorphisms (rs4711998, rs8193036, rs3819024, rs2275913 and rs7747909) were genotyped in 388 Caucasian patients with IgAV, 99 patients with IgAN and 1,003 sex and ethnically matched healthy controls.Results:No statistically significant differences between patients with IgAV and healthy controls and between patients with IgAN and healthy controls were observed when each IL17A genetic variant was analyzed independently (Table 1). Similarly, IgAV patients exhibited similar genotype and allele IL17A frequencies than those with IgAN (Table 1). Moreover, no genotype or allele differences between IgAV patients who developed nephritis and patients with IgAN were detected. Furthermore, haplotype frequencies were similar in patients with IgAV, IgAV and nephritis and those with IgAN.Table 1.Genotype and allele frequencies of IL17A gene in patients with IgA vasculitis, patients with IgA nephropathy and healthy controls.PolymorphismChangeData set1/11/22/212rs4711998G/AIgAV53.4 (207)38.9 (151)7.7 (30)72.8 (565)27.2 (211)IgAN49.0 (48)42.9 (42)8.2 (8)70.4 (138)29.6 (58)Controls52.7 (529)41.2 (413)6.1 (61)73.3 (1471)26.7 (535)rs8193036T/CIgAV57.0 (221)38.4 (149)4.6 (18)76.2 (591)23.8 (185)IgAN64.3 (63)31.6 (31)4.1 (4)80.1 (157)19.9 (39)Controls60.3 (605)35.2 (353)4.5 (45)77.9 (1563)22.1 (443)rs3819024A/GIgAV44.1 (171)43.3 (168)12.6 (49)65.7 (510)34.3 (266)IgAN39.4 (39)54.5 (54)6.1 (6)66.7 (132)33.3 (66)Controls45.6 (457)44.6 (447)9.9 (99)67.8 (1361)32.2 (645)rs2275913G/AIgAV44.6 (172)43.3 (167)12.2 (47)66.2 (511)33.8 (261)IgAN39.8 (39)53.1 (52)7.1 (7)66.3 (130)33.7 (66)Controls44.8 (449)44.2 (443)11.1 (111)66.8 (1341)33.2 (665)rs7747909G/AIgAV53.9 (209)39.4 (153)6.7 (26)73.6 (571)26.4 (205)IgAN41.1 (39)54.7 (52)4.2 (4)68.4 (130)31.6 (60)Controls53.0 (532)39.4 (395)7.6 (76)72.7 (1459)27.3 (547)Conclusion:Our results revealed that IgAV and IgAN share a similar IL17A association pattern.References:[1]N Engl J Med 2013;368:2402-14.[2]Am J Kidney Dis 1988;12:373-7.[3]Ann Rheum Dis 2014;73:1742-5.[4]Mediators Inflamm 2018;2018:1395823.Acknowledgements:This study was supported by European Union FEDER funds and “Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias” (grant PI18/00042) from ‘Instituto de Salud Carlos III’ (ISCIII, Health Ministry, Spain). DP-P is a recipient of a Río Hortega programme fellowship from the ISCIII, co-funded by the European Social Fund (ESF, `Investing in your future´) [grant number CM20/00006]; SR-M is supported by funds of the RETICS Program co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) [grant number RD16/0012/0009]; VP-C is supported by a pre-doctoral grant from IDIVAL [grant number PREVAL 18/01]; BA-M is a recipient of a `López Albo´ Post-Residency Programme funded by Servicio Cántabro de Salud; LL-G is supported by funds of IDIVAL [grant number INNVAL20/06]; RL-M is a recipient of a Miguel Servet type I programme fellowship from the ISCIII, co-funded by the European Social Fund (ESF, `Investing in your future´) [grant number CP16/00033].Disclosure of Interests:Diana Prieto-Peña: None declared, Fernanda Genre: None declared, Sara Remuzgo Martinez: None declared, Verónica Pulito-Cueto: None declared, Belén Atienza-Mateo: None declared, Belén Sevilla: None declared, Javier Llorca: None declared, Norberto Ortego: None declared, Leticia Lera-Gómez: None declared, Maite Leonardo: None declared, Ana Peñalba: None declared, Luis Martín-Penagos: None declared, Jose Alberto Miranda-Filloy: None declared, J. Narváez: None declared, LUIS CAMINAL MONTERO: None declared, PAZ COLLADO: None declared, Antonio Fernandez-Nebro: None declared, Gisela Díaz-Cordoves: None declared, Secundino Cigarrán: None declared, Jesús Calviño: None declared, Carmen Cobelo: None declared, Javier Sanchez Perez: None declared, Diego de Argila: None declared, Esteban Rubio-Romero: None declared, MANUEL LEON LUQUE: None declared, Juan María Blanco-Madrigal: None declared, E. Galindez: None declared, Javier Martin Ibanez: None declared, Santos Castañeda: None declared, Ricardo Blanco Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen and MSD, Consultant of: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen and MSD, Grant/research support from: Abbvie, MSD and Roche, Miguel A González-Gay Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Abbvie, MSD, Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Abbvie, MSD, Raquel López-Mejías: None declared
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Prieto-Peña, D., S. Remuzgo Martinez, F. Genre, V. Pulito-Cueto, B. Atienza-Mateo, B. Sevilla, J. Llorca, et al. "POS0113 BAFF-APRIL-BAFFR PATHWAY ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN-A VASCULITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 267.2–268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.707.
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Background:BAFF, APRIL and BAFFR are genes that encode cytokines with a key role in the development and survival of B-lymphocytes [1-4]: The B cell-activating factor (BAFF, also known as BLyS), a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) and BAFF receptor (BAFF-R), respectively. Previous genetic studies have revealed that the BAFF-APRIL-BAFFR pathway is implicated in the genetic predisposition to several immune-mediated diseases [5].Objectives:To determine whether the BAFF-APRIL-BAFFR pathway represents a novel genetic risk factor for the pathogenesis of Immunoglobulin-A vasculitis (IgAV), an inflammatory disease in which IgA deposits and B-lymphocytes are crucial [6, 7].Methods:A functional BAFF polymorphism (rs374039502) and two tag variants within APRIL (rs11552708 and rs6608) and BAFFR (rs7290134 and rs77874543) were genotyped in 386 Caucasian IgAV patients (the largest series of Caucasian patients with IgAV ever assessed for genetic studies) and 806 sex and ethnically matched healthy controls by TaqMan assays.Results:No statistically significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies between patients with IgAV and healthy controls were observed when each genetic variant of BAFF APRIL and BAFFR was analyzed independently (Table 1). Likewise, no statistically significant differences in genotype and allele frequencies of BAFF APRIL or BAFFR were found when patients with IgAV were stratified according to the age at disease onset or to the presence/absence of gastrointestinal or renal manifestations. Similar results were disclosed when haplotype frequencies of APRIL and BAFFR were compared between patients with IgAV and healthy controls as well as patients with IgAV stratified according to the age at disease onset or to the presence/absence of gastrointestinal or renal manifestations.Conclusion:Our results suggest that the BAFF-APRIL-BAFFR pathway does not contribute to the genetic network underlying IgAV.References:[1]J Exp Med 1999;190:1697-710; [2] Science 1999;285:260-3; [3] Nat Genet 2005;37:829-34; [4] Nat Immunol 2002;3:822-9; [5] N Engl J Med 2017;376:1615-26; [6] N Engl J Med 2013;368:2402-14; [7] Autoimmun Rev 2018;17:301-315.Table 1.Genotype and allele frequencies of BAFF, APRIL and BAFFR genes in patients with IgA vasculitis and healthy controls.PolymorphismLocus1/2Data set1/11/22/212rs374039502BAFFT/APatients91.9 (353)8.1 (31)095.9 (737)4.1 (31)Controls91.5 (733)8.1 (65)0.4 (3)95.6 (1531)4.4 (71)rs11552708APRILG/APatients78.1 (299)20.6 (79)1.3 (5)88.4 (677)11.6 (89)Controls77.9 (625)20.4 (1641.6 (13)88.1 (1414)11.9 (190)rs6608APRILC/TPatients71.9 (277)26.0 (100)2.1 (8)84.9 (654)15.1 (116)Controls70.0 (561)27.6 (221)2.5 (20)83.7 (1343)16.3 (261)rs7290134BAFFRA/GPatients58.0 (224)36.3 (140)5.7 (22)76.2 (588)23.8 (184)Controls57.2 (459)36.4 (292)6.5 (52)75.3 (1210)24.6 (396)rs77874543BAFFRG/CPatients82.7 (316)16.0 (61)1.3 (5)90.7 (693)9.3 (71)Controls83.0 (666)16.6 (133)0.4 (3)91.3 (1465)8.7 (139)Acknowledgements:This study was supported by European Union FEDER funds and “Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias” (grant PI18/00042) from ‘Instituto de Salud Carlos III’ (ISCIII, Health Ministry, Spain). DP-P is a recipient of a Río Hortega programme fellowship from the ISCIII, co-funded by the European Social Fund (ESF, `Investing in your future´) [grant number CM20/00006]; SR-M is supported by funds of the RETICS Program co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) [grant number RD16/0012/0009]; VP-C is supported by a pre-doctoral grant from IDIVAL [grant number PREVAL 18/01]; BA-M is a recipient of a `López Albo´ Post-Residency Programme funded by Servicio Cántabro de Salud; LL-G is supported by funds of IDIVAL [grant number INNVAL20/06]; RL-M is a recipient of a Miguel Servet type I programme fellowship from the ISCIII, co-funded by the European Social Fund (ESF, `Investing in your future´) [grant number CP16/00033].Disclosure of Interests:Diana Prieto-Peña Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen and MSD, Consultant of: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen and MSD, Grant/research support from: Abbvie, MSD and Roche, Sara Remuzgo Martinez: None declared, Fernanda Genre: None declared, Verónica Pulito-Cueto: None declared, Belén Atienza-Mateo: None declared, Belén Sevilla: None declared, Javier Llorca: None declared, Norberto Ortego: None declared, Leticia Lera-Gómez: None declared, Maite Leonardo: None declared, Ana Peñalba: None declared, J. Narváez: None declared, Luis Martín-Penagos: None declared, Jose Alberto Miranda-Filloy: None declared, LUIS CAMINAL MONTERO: None declared, PAZ COLLADO: None declared, Javier Sanchez Perez: None declared, Diego de Argila: None declared, Esteban Rubio-Romero: None declared, MANUEL LEON LUQUE: None declared, Juan María Blanco-Madrigal: None declared, E. Galindez: None declared, Javier Martin Ibanez: None declared, Santos Castañeda: None declared, Ricardo Blanco Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen and MSD, Consultant of: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen and MSD, Grant/research support from: Abbvie, MSD and Roche, Miguel A González-Gay Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Abbvie, MSD, Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Abbvie, MSD, Raquel López-Mejías: None declared
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Juhász, B., K. Gulyás, Á. Horváth, E. Végh, A. Pusztai, A. Szentpetery, Z. Pethö, et al. "POS0043 PERIPHERAL QUANTITATIVE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN THE ASSESSMENT OF BONE MINERAL DENSITY IN ANTI-TNF-TREATED RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS PATIENTS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 226.1–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1951.
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Background:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) have been associated with osteoporosis. There have been very few data on the use of peripheral quantitative computed tomography (QCT) in anti-TNF-treated patients.Objectives:We wished to assess volumetric bone mineral density (BMD) by forearm QCT in conjunction with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bone biomarkers in RA and AS.Methods:Forty RA and AS patients treated with etanercept (ETN) or certolizumab pegol (CZP) were included in a 12-month follow-up study. Peripheral QCT and DXA BMD were determined. Bone biomarkers, such as PTH, osteocalcin, RANKL, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (VITD), P1NP, CTX, sclerostin, DKK-1 and cathepsin K (CATHK) were assessed by ELISA.Results:There was no further bone loss during anti-TNF treatment. Volumetric and areal BMD showed significant correlations with each other (p<0.05). Total QCT BMD after 12 months was inversely determined by disease activity at baseline in the full cohort (p=0.030). Cortical BMD was negatively determined by baseline disease activity (p=0.005) and CATHK (p=0.025). In RA, VITD-0 determined QTRABBMD-12 (p=0.005). In the full cohort, the one-year change in QTRABBMD was related to TNF inhibition together with higher VITD-0 (p=0.031). Therapy and lower CATHK determined QCORTBMD changes (p=0.006). In RA, treatment together with VITD-0 (p<0.01) or CATHK-0 (p=0.002), while in AS, treatment together with RANKL-0 (p<0.05) determined QCT BMD changes.Conclusion:QCT confirmed that biologics may attenuate bone loss. Disease activity, CATHK, RANKL and VITD may predict the effects of anti-TNF treatment on volumetric BMD changes. There may be differences between RA and AS in this respect.Acknowledgements:This research was supported by Hungarian National Scientific Research Fund (OTKA) grant No. K 105073 (H.P.B. and Z.S.); by the European Union and the State of Hungary and co-financed by the European Social Fund in the framework of TAMOP-4.2.4.A/2-11/1-2012-0001 ‘National Excellence Program ’(Z.S.); by the European Union grant GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00050 (Z.S.); and by the Pfizer Investigator Initiated Research Grants no. WS1695414 and WS1695450 (Z.S.).Disclosure of Interests:Balázs Juhász: None declared, Katalin Gulyás: None declared, Ágnes Horváth: None declared, Edit Végh: None declared, Anita Pusztai: None declared, Agnes Szentpetery: None declared, Zsófia Pethö: None declared, Nóra Bodnár: None declared, Attila Hamar: None declared, Levente Bodoki: None declared, Harjit Pal Bhattoa: None declared, Éva Szekanecz: None declared, Katalin Hodosi: None declared, Andrea Domjan: None declared, Szilvia Szamosi Speakers bureau: Roche, Csaba Horváth: None declared, Sándor Szántó Speakers bureau: Abbvie, MSD, Novartis, Consultant of: Abbvie, Novartis, Gabriella Szücs Speakers bureau: Roche, Boehringer, Actelion, Sager, Consultant of: Actelion, Boehringer, Hennie Raterman: None declared, WIllem Lems Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Amgen, Lilly, UCB, Galapagos, Consultant of: Pfizer, Amgen, Lilly, UCB, Galapagos, Oliver FitzGerald Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Janssen, Pfizer, Consultant of: BMS, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Pfizer, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, BMS, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Zoltán Szekanecz Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Roche, Abbvie, Novartis, Lilly, Sanofi, Consultant of: Pfizer, Abbvie, Novartis, Grant/research support from: Pfizer, UCB.
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Ivanová, Eva. "Barriers to the development of SMEs in the Slovak Republic." Oeconomia Copernicana 8, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/oc.v8i2.16.
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Research background: SMEs make up an important segment of the economic system, not only in the national economy, but also throughout the EU, and their importance continues to grow. SMEs in Slovakia, according to the latest data of the European Commission, represent 99.9 per cent of all enterprises, constitute 70.7 per cent of jobs, and 61.2 per cent of value added in the economy. However, they are often confronted with market imperfections. SMEs frequently have difficulties in obtaining capital or credit, particularly in the early start-up phase. Their restricted resources may also reduce access to new technologies or innovation. Authors often deal with the impact of SME financing on their development. Madrid-Guijarro et al. (2016), Lee et al. (2015) claim that SMEs have difficulty in funding innovation and the worsening in general credit conditions has been more pronounced for non-innovative firms.Purpose of the article: The main objective of the conducted research was to analyze the conditions for the development of small and medium enterprises (the SMEs sector) in Slovak Republic, whereas the specific objectives were: (1) to determine the terms for gaining external sources of financing for the development of SMEs, (2) to examine the resources for innovation development in the SMEs sector, (3) to find out if SMEs are considered to be a competitive advantage.Methods: The research was conducted in the Slovak Republic in 2016. Participants were 193 Slovak companies that were classified as SMEs by the size class of employment. The research tool used for the study was the own questionnaire consisting of 38 questions and the demographics. The structure of the questionnaire allowed the authors to identify the group of questions concerning the most important conditions for the development of the examined sector referring to the business environment. The results were processed by chi-square method.Findings & Value added: On the basis of the conducted research of the sector of SMEs , it can be concluded that a large group of companies have difficult access to external sources of financing and this refers both to the access to the European Union funds, grants, bank loans and other instruments of the financial market. However, it occurs that: (1) in Slovakia, the smaller the enterprise, i.e. the fewer employees it hires, the easier the access to external sources of financing, (1) innovative projects are realized from company profits or a loan, (1) problems in Slovakia in accessing external funds due to the complexity of the process of approval of applications and documents and strict criteria for the assessment of financial capacity.
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Meier, Johanna, Thomas Becker, Anita Patel, Debbie Robson, Aart Schene, Martijn Kikkert, Corrado Barbui, Lorenzo Burti, and Bernd Puschner. "Effect of medication-related factors on adherence in people with schizophrenia: A European multi-centre study." Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 19, no. 3 (September 2010): 251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00001184.
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SUMMARYAim– To investigate the relation between medication-related factors and adherence in people with schizophrenia in outpatient treatment.Methods– The sample comprised 409 outpatients (ICD-10 diagnosis of schizophrenia) with clinician-rated instability in four European cities (Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Verona, Italy; Leipzig, Germany; London, Great Britain). Adherence was assessed using theMedication Adherence Questionnaire(patient perspective), and theClinician Rating Scale(clinician perspective). Examined medication-related factors were type (atypical vs. typical), application (oral vs. depot), daily dose frequency of antipsychotic medication (Medication History Scale), number of side effects (Liverpool University Neuroleptic Side Effect Rating Scale), and patient attitudes toward medication (Drug Attitude Inventory). Multiple regression analysis was used to identify predictors of adherence by medication-related factors.Results– Adherence, as rated by patient and clinician, was predicted by patient attitude towards medication, but was unrelated to type of drug, formulation or side effects of antipsychotic medication. A high daily dose frequency was associated with better adherence, but only when rated by the patient.Conclusions– In order to improve adherence there is a need to seriously consider and attempt to improve patient attitude toward medication. However, type of antipsychotic and other medication-related factors may not be as closely related to adherence as it has often been suggested.Declaration of Interest:The study was funded by a grant from the Quality of Life and Management of Living Resources Program of the European Union (QLG4-CT-2001–01734). JM, AS, CB, MK, CB, LB, and BP declare that they have not received any form of financing including pharmaceutical company support or any honoraria for consultancies or interventions during the last two years. DR has received honoraria from Eli Lilly, Janssen Cilag and Astra Zeneca for consultancy work, and Anita Patel has received research consultancy funding from Servier. TB reports research funding to the department from Astra Zeneca, GlaxoSmithKline and Affectis for clinical trials and investigator-initiated trials; the department has also received funds to a minor extent for symposia and in-house training from Astra Zeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eisai, Janssen Cilag, Lilly Germany, Lundbeck, Novartis, Pfizer, Servier, and Wyeth. All authors declare that they have no other involvements that might be considered a conflict of interest in connection with this article.
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Jarczyńska, Jolanta, and Bartłomiej Walczak. "Empowerment and its implementation in the process of counteracting the phenomenon of youth and adult social exclusion – report on participation in an international project under the 2014-2016 Erasmus + Strategic Partnership project." Journal of Education Culture and Society 8, no. 1 (July 10, 2017): 181–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs20171.181.198.
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The aim of the article is to describe the empowerment process and its implementation in social work in the context of counteracting social exclusion in youth and adults based on the example of the project carried out in the years 2014-2016, titled: “Development of the empowerment of educators and beneficiaries in the field of youth at risk and social exclusion”, co-financed from European Union funds within the Erasmus + programme, Action 2: Strategic partnership of professional teaching and training, Grant No. 2014-1-FR01-KA2026-008728. The English language concept category of empowerment, which does not have a satisfactory equivalent term in the Polish language, was operationalised in this article. The essence of empowerment in the context of social work was described in the article, pointing to its significance mainly in the scope of counteracting the process of youth and adult social exclusion. Furthermore, the main assumptions of the implemented international project were set out in the ambit of the development of the empowerment of educators as well as of beneficiaries working with persons at risk of social exclusion, and the relationship and reflections of one of the project participants were also shown. An attempt was made in the article on the basis of the experiences gathered within the performance of the international research project to assess the course of the empowerment process and its usefulness in searching for solutions for educational practices in the domain of the social exclusion phenomenon.
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Lamiquiz-Moneo, Itziar, Irene Gracia-Rubio, Sofía Pérez-Calahorra, Ana M. Bea, Antonio Fumaral, Ana Ferrer-Mairal, Carlos Galindo-Lalana, et al. "Effect of Novel Alcohol-Free Beer Recipes Enriched With Isomaltulose and a Resistant Dextrin on the Metabolic Postprandial Response in Healthy Subjects." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab037_050.
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Abstract Objectives We investigated the postprandial effects of alcohol-free beers in which carbohydrate composition have been modified, compared to regular alcohol-free beer. Methods Two cross-over studies were conducted. Firstly, 10 healthy volunteers received 25 g of carbohydrates coming from: regular alcohol-free beer (RB), alcohol-free beer with almost completely eliminated maltose and enriched with isomaltulose (2.5 g/100 mL) and a resistant maltodextrin (0.8 g/100 mL) (IMB), alcohol-free beer with the same maltose removal enriched with resistant maltodextrin (2.0 g/100 mL) (MB) and glucose solution. In the second study, 20 healthy volunteers were provided with 50 g of carbohydrates from white bread and water and the same meal plus 14.3 g of carbohydrates coming from: RB, IMB, MB and extra white bread. Blood was sampled after ingestion every 15 min for 2 h. Glucose, insulin, GIP and GLP-1 were determined in all samples. Results Clinical and anthropometric characteristics remained constant in all subjects throughout the studies. Importantly, in the first study, the increase of glucose, insulin and GIP after the consumption of IMB and MB was significantly lower than after RB (P = 0.005, P = 0.012 and P < 0.001, respectively). In the second study, the consumption of white bread with IMB and MB showed significantly less increase in glucose levels than just consuming white bread and white bread with RB (P = 0.002). Conclusions The consumption of an alcohol-free beer with modified carbohydrates composition led to a better postprandial response compared to RB and it could attenuate hyperglycemia after ingestion with white bread. Funding Sources This work was supported by grants from Gobierno de Aragón, B14–7R, Spain, and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness PI15/01,983, PI18/01,777 and CIBERCV. These projects are co-financed by Instituto de Salud Carlos III and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) of the European Union “A way to make Europe”. CIBERCV is a project of Instituto de Salud Carlos III.
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Szűcs, István, László Váradi, and Emese Békefi. "Coherence and connection between the good pond culture practice and the environment conscious management." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 25 (April 11, 2007): 60–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/25/3038.
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According to the data indicating the decline and restructuring during the past decade, as well as the trend in the European Union member states, it can be expected that the role of traditional agriculture and fish production in direct rural employment decrease further. This also values those strategic directions for restructuring that will lead fishculture from quantity driven to quality production along with sustainable development (i.e. environmental conscious production) and multifunctional farming. This way the economic and social tensions caused by the concentration of the production and labour output can be mitigated.It is laid in the 1257/1999 Act on rural Development that farmers that enrol the agri-environmental scheme should follow the “Good Agricultural Practice” on the whole managed area. In case of agri-environmental schemes this is a precondition for which no grants are given.The adaptation of “Good Agricultural Practice” in fishproduction,where it is called: “Good Pond Culture Practice” is considered important on the basis of the above mentioned. This programme is undertaken in co-operation with the Research Institute for Aquaculture, Fisheries and Irrigation, University of Debrecen, Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development and the Association of Hungarian Fish Farmers and Product Council.The European Commission proposed the formulation of the European Fisheries and Aquaculture Fund (EFAF) for the period 2007-20013, which will replace the Financial Instruments for Fisheries Guidance (FIFG), but it also consists of several new elements and will be working differently, too. According to the proposal the budget for the Fund will be nearly 5 billion EUR (4963 million EUR). The development level of aquaculture and fisheries and the social and economic significance in the given member state will be considered when distributing the Fund between the Member States.According to the plan the Fund is organised along five priority axes, of which the most important for the Hungarian fisheries sector is No. II: Aquaculture and the processing and marketing of aquaculture and fisheries products. The main measure areas are the followings:1. investment support for aquaculture;2. support for aquatic-environmental schemes;3. environmental- and animal health issues;4. investments in processing and marketingIn case of accessing support under measure area No. 2 farms are obliged to meet the requirements of the scheme beyond the “good management practice” for 5 years, which is to be supervised by the approved body of the Member State. For this reason our work is considered to be substantial.Approval of the application of “Good Pond Culture Practice” is based on two elements: first the prevailing environmental and nature conservation regulations, as well as the list of controllable conditions in the new agri-environmental agreements are to be met. “Good Pond Culture Practice” are to be conducted on the whole farm area. Its main elements are:- nutrition management,- feeding,- pond maintenance,- stocking,- harvesting,- animal welfare (storage and over-wintering).
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Buckdahn, Rainer, Marc Quincampoix, Catherine Rainer, and Josef Teichmann. "Another proof for the equivalence between invariance of closed sets with respect to stochastic and deterministic systems☆☆The authors gratefully acknowledge the support from the RTN network HPRN-CT-2002-00281 (European Union) and from the FWF-grant Y 328 (Austrian Science Funds)." Bulletin des Sciences Mathématiques 134, no. 2 (March 2010): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bulsci.2007.11.003.
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Pozhilova, N. A. "Alternative Mechanisms for Funding Research in the European Union." Actual Problems of Russian Law 15, no. 8 (August 30, 2020): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2020.117.8.203-208.
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Today, despite the known scale of European Union grant funding in support of research and innovation, the EU Commission seeks to ensure the use of alternative sources of funding, for example, venture capital financing by collective investment enterprises, including through the creation of a pan-European fund of funds, as well as using such mechanisms like crowdfunding. The paper provides an analysis of three possible promising areas of alternative financing using the current mechanisms of the financial market, which are used on an equal basis both in the EU and in other countries, including an analysis of obtaining funding for projects that received grants under the EU Horizon 2020 Framework Program. The first way is to finance scientific projects thanks to new venture funding mechanisms of the European fund VentureEU, the second is to ensure the attraction of funds through crowdfunding (collective financing), the third way is provided by enterprises entering an IPO. The use of alternative methods of financing makes it possible, on the one hand, to ensure the commercialization of research projects that allow research teams to receive additional remuneration and direct it to further work in the field of research, and on the other hand, to draw public attention to pressing problems of science and technology.
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Zheliuk, Tetiana. "Regional development: new approaches to crisis management." Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no. 2(84) (May 31, 2017): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2017.02.019.
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The paper outlines the current state of the national economy’s regional development. By applying the integral indicators presented in the Methods of monitoring and evaluation of implementation of the state regional policy, the author has rated the development of regions and analyzed a gap in their levels of growth. Through the use of methods for identifying depressed areas of the European Union, the level of regional erosion is determined. On that basis, the necessity of overcoming institutional asymmetries that may arise in the process of creating conditions for dynamic and well-balanced development of Ukraine’s regions is pointed out. Based on the comparative analysis of foreign practice of crisis management, key approaches to its implementation are described. It is concluded that crisis management is rather searching for opportunities than expecting or forecasting destructive results and finding adaptive solutions. The article describes the essential determinants of regional crisis management, and sets both long-term and short-term goals for crisis management. A particular attention is paid to the necessity of upgrading of management tools and techniques for regional development. It is pointed out that a system of strategic planning of area development should not be based only “on the achieved results”, but should take into consideration crisis initiatives of all sectors of economy and forecast built-in stabilizers that will ensure balanced development. In order to stimulate structural reforms aimed at crisis development of areas, it is necessary to use internal and external financial resources. A special emphasis is placed on the potential grant support and contributions from European structural funds. The practical significance of the research lies in the growing importance of institutional framework and organizational support of crisis management of areas, which should be based on a strategic cross-sectoral partnership. The article proves that crisis management of areas should focus on establishing an enabling environment for inclusive development through support of entrepreneurial initiatives and implementation of investment projects aimed at sustainable and innovative growth of areas; creation of employment opportunities, attraction and retention of highly qualified personnel and maintenance of areas’ creative capacities.
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Wojarska, Magdalena. "TYPOLOGY OF MUNICIPALITIES FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF EUROPEAN UNION FUNDS." Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu, no. 466 (2017): 244–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15611/pn.2017.466.25.
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Francis, Patrick. "Financing Environmental Protection in Economies in Transition: The Role of Environmental Funds." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 27, no. 3 (June 2000): 365–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b2663.
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Most countries with economies in transition in Central and Eastern Europe and the New Independent States of the former Soviet Union use earmarked, environmental funds to channel subsidised finance for environmental protection. In some Central and Eastern European countries in particular, the funds are major financiers of environmental investments. The funds are typically governmental institutions capitalised by various revenue sources, including environmental charges and fines. They generally provide grants or soft loans for a wide range of environmental protection activities. Although a number of circumstances in economies in transition may justify the provision of subsidised finance for environmental investments, and though funds have been endorsed as potentially effective transitional mechanisms, a number of concerns remain as regards their role vis-à-vis other environmental policy tools, their effectiveness and efficiency, and their impact on the development of more market-based financing mechanisms. In this paper I will review development trends among the funds, examine issues critical to their role and operation, and identify institutional strengthening needs.
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Păun, Cristian. "The Socio-economic Impact of European Funds on Eastern European Countries." International Review of Social Research 4, no. 1 (February 1, 2014): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/irsr-2014-0004.
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Abstract European Funds are considered to be o reliable solution for emerging economies from Eastern Europe. These funds are granted by European Union to reduce the gap between countries and to ensure a harmonized development at the level of this group of countries that decided to act together as a united economic entity. In fact, European Funds are previously obtained from taxes applied to all European citizens and redistributed by European Institutions in accordance with predefined principles and rules. The redistributive effect is always present in such situation and has clear impact on economies that are net paying for these funds and on economies that are net benefiting from them. This paper presents the results of a quantitative analysis at the level of ten Eastern European Countries (EEC countries) on the social and economic impact of these funds based on panel regression methodology.
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Kozień, Ewa. "Quality of project financed by the European Union structural funds." MATEC Web of Conferences 183 (2018): 04006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818304006.
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The European Union structural funds even out the chances of development of particular regions in the European Union. Entities applying for additional financing from structural funds for various actions implemented in a form of projects must meet specific criteria. For this reason, the quality of prepared and implemented projects is of key importance. This paper draws the attention to meeting the requirements of a project at a stage of its preparation and implementation, taking into account the formal, contents-oriented and technical criteria and application of methodology of management, for effective absorption of European Union structural funds.
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Mendonça, Liliane, and José M. Castro-Lopes. "Impact of the economic crisis on pain research: a bibliometric analysis of pain research publications from Ireland, Greece, and Portugal between 1997 and 2017." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 18, no. 4 (October 25, 2018): 629–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjpain-2018-0092.
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Abstract Background and aims The recent economic crisis started in the USA in 2008 but quickly had worldwide impact. Ireland, Greece, and Portugal were in economic distress in 2009 and received rescue monetary packages from the European Union (EU) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in the following years. Meanwhile, the economic recovery has begun for those countries, but at different paces. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if the economic crisis influenced pain research outcomes, by performing a bibliometric analysis based on the ISI Web of Science to evaluate the evolution of the scientific production and performance in the field of pain research between 1997 and 2017. Methods Articles search was conducted using the ISI Web of Science, search keywords “pain or nocicep*”, between 1997 and 2017, and one author affiliated in an Irish, Greek or Portuguese institution. The total number of published articles per country, total citations, h-index, document types and authors’ institution were tabulated to determine the quantity and quality of the publications in this field. Results The search retrieved 2,368 publications over the 20 years’ period, increasing from 26 in 1997 to 230 in 2017. The number of Irish publications per year increased steadily along the studied period, while the number of Greek publications stabilized from 2008 onward and Portuguese publications started to increase only in 2007 but declined slightly after 2014. In total, Irish authors published 1,143 articles, Greek authors 624 and Portuguese authors 618. There were nine articles with more than 100 citations, and Irish publications had a higher h-index (52) than Greek’s (45) or Portuguese’s (36) publications. Ireland had the highest number of pain publications per capita, but in 2016 Portugal had the lowest cost per publication, as measured by the GDP per capita per publication (in 1997 Portugal had the highest cost). The three major research fields of the publications were neurosciences/neurology (19%), general internal medicine (16%) and anaesthesiology (13%), and the affiliation institutions were mostly universities or universities hospitals. Conclusions The number of Irish, Greek, and Portuguese pain publications increased between 1997 and 2017, but at different paces. It appears that the economic crisis had no impact on the rate of pain publications in Ireland, had a delayed impact in Portugal, and affected mostly Greek pain scientific research. This may be related to the fact that Greece was the country that received more rescue packages and where the economic crisis was deepest and lasted longer. Implications Economics and scientific production have a mutual influence: usually research investment decreases in recession times (reducing grants and scientific employment), but health scientific production can improve health and quality of life and also benefit the economy. So in crisis periods, governments should create means to protect and foster scientific work.
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Gil, Carlos, Pedro Pascual, and Manuel Rapún. "Regional Allocation of Structural Funds in the European Union." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 20, no. 5 (October 2002): 655–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c21m.
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Economic disparities among the regions of the European Union are more pronounced than among countries. Structural Funds have played a crucial compensatory role, promoting the economic development and real convergence of lagging regions. The amount of resources destined to regional policy and the conflicts arising from its funding and distribution create the need for an adequate theoretical foundation or model to help politicians solve the distribution problem. In this paper we propose an empirical procedure to carry out and evaluate different distributions of funds for the periods 1989 – 93 and 1994 – 99. We begin with the estimation of an augmented production function to permit the calculation of the expected GDP per capita. We then propose a nonlinear programming method to simulate alternative distributions of Structural Funds among Objective 1 regions, based upon two different approaches: equal development, and equal opportunities. For these two approaches we calculate different possibilities, ranging from highly efficient to highly equitable, with the result that we are able to show the ‘frontier’ of optimal distributions. Finally, we evaluate these results and compare them with the real distribution.
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Foris, Tiberiu, and Diana Foris. "EUROPEAN FUNDS MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS—A CASE STUDY OF EUROPEAN SOCIAL FUNDS IN ROMANIA FROM 2007 TO 2013." CBU International Conference Proceedings 2 (July 1, 2014): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v2.457.
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This article focuses on fund financing management of one of the utmost important European Union funds, the European Social Fund (ESF), and its implementation in Romania in its post adherence period (2007-2013). In this respect, the main aspects regarding the management and implementation of this program in Romania, as compared to other European countries, are analyzed taking into consideration the declared objectives at its launching moment. Through a defective management, these objectives have not reached their target, whereas the educational market of continuous adult education has been strongly distorted from the competitive point of view. Moreover, due to inadequate financial management, many of the involved agencies—private companies, schools, constitutive parts of the civil society, have gone bankrupted—the fact that would lead to a serious social imbalance.The research part of this article, being implied in the management of the most important strategic projects of this program (projects in qualifications for the spa tourism, agro-tourism, and food industry), presents a critical point of view on ESF management at a national level and highlights a set of proposals and recommendations, so that, between 2014 and 2020, Romania should be aligned with the European standards regarding the performance in implementing programs with non-reimbursable financing.
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Eperjes, Zoltán. "Cohesion and competitiveness of the European Union at strategic level." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 53 (May 6, 2013): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/53/2122.
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After the relaunchment of the Lisbon strategy, the cohesion policy of the EU concentrates even stronger on the establishment of the knowledge based economy, on R&D activities and innovations. In the first chapter I demonstrate the funds division of the convergence and regional competitiveness targets in the financial perspective between 2007–2013. The first sheet shows unambiguously that the new member states from Middle-Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean countries spend their funds on convergence and cohesion issues. The situation is contrary in the highly developed Western-European countries, in the core regions, where decisive part of the funds are spent on competitiveness issues. In the second chapter of the study I present the Europe 2020 strategy of the EU, that is a crucial paradigm change in the European strategy-making. While the Lisbon strategy focused on the social cohesion of the European Union, the Europe 2020 strategy strives the fostering of the European competitiveness. In the third part of the study I make a comparison how the funds-allocation altered during the two financial perspectives.
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WOJEWODA-BURACZYŃSKA, KATARZYNA. "The Support of Persons with Disabilities from European Funds." Право України, no. 1/2019 (2019): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.33498/louu-2019-01-295.
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Support for people with disabilities is a constitutional obligation imposed on the state. The problem of disability is noticed not only at the state level, but also at the international level. This is evidenced by documents adopted by the international community regarding the rights of people with disabilities. The interest of the international community in the problems of people with disabilities has led to the creation of special mechanisms for financing the support of this social group. In Poland, funds from the European Union go to a special part of the budget – budgets of European funds. The article is devoted to the general characteristics of the budget of European funds, with particular reference to the rules of spending money. The article also discusses the financial instruments for supporting people with disabilities financed from the European budget. The revenue of the European funds are European funds. It is worth noticing that the catalogue of European funds does not involve all funds from EU budget as well as funds received as part of the aid granted by the Member States of the European Free Trade Association. However, the expenditure of European funds is the expenditure on the implementation of programmes co-financed from European funds in part that is eligible for a refund. This expenditure can acquire the form of expenditure eligible for a refund incurred by the state budgetary units or advances paid to other beneficiaries. Despite that the revenue and expenditure of European funds constitute at the same time the revenue and expenditure of the state budget, the outcome of the European funds has no impact on the level of the surplus or deficit of the state budget. In the light of the clear connection between the revenue and expenditure included in European funds and the programmes, the support of persons with disabilities from European funds is possible only when the programme financed from these funds involves activities of this type. In order to determine the scope of support available for persons with disabilities, it is vital to analyse the content of programmes financed from European fundsindicated in the annexes to the Budget Act for tasks addressed to persons with disabilities that are possible to be implemented as part of their framework.
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Płaziak, Monika, and Piotr Trzepacz. "Spatial Distribution of EU Structural Funds in Poland in 2004-2006 - Factors, Directions, and Limitations." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 9, no. 9 (January 1, 2008): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10089-008-0003-9.
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Spatial Distribution of EU Structural Funds in Poland in 2004-2006 - Factors, Directions, and Limitations In 2004, Poland joined the European Union. This access means the possibility of taking advantage of European Union Structural Funds. Apart from this the structural funds play another important role. The popularity of the idea of European integration in countries like Poland depends largely on the effectiveness of this financial support, which theoretically should lead to economic and social development on different levels (local, regional, national, and even continental). The main problem of relying on EU funds is their unequal availability, which is limited, for example, because of the granting principles.
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Zawisza, Sławomir, Piotr Prus, and Adrian Sadłowski. "EVALUATION OF DIRECT PAYMENT IMPORTANCE ON CROP PRODUCTION FROM EUROPEAN UNION FUNDS – AN EXAMPLE OF THE BARCIN COMMUNE." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXII, no. 2 (April 15, 2020): 228–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1100.
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Poland became a member of the European Union upon the Accession Treaty of 1 May 2004. As a result, the objective was to include domestic agricultural producers in the direct payment scheme and other rural development and agricultural support instruments functioning in successive financial frameworks executed as part of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union. The aim of the present study has been to evaluate the importance of direct payments on crop production from EU funds in the opinion of farmers of the Barcin commune (the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Province). The level of satisfaction with the crop production payments received, what the funds from the payments are used for and the expectations of the farmers in terms of the payments were investigated. The study involved the use of the survey method, a survey questionnaire carried out in 2014, which included 100 farmers. Results have shown that direct payments were appreciated by farmers who allocated the funds to meet current needs and investment purposes. The payments have enhanced the respondents’ produce quality and provided additional technical equipment on the farm. An increase in agricultural income due to European Union funds has encouraged farmers to remain in the farming profession in the future.
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Dzięcielski, Michał, Marcin Woźniak, and Adam Radzimski. "Exploring bike-sharing systems in Poland co-financed from the European Union funds." Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG 23, no. 4 (2020): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2543859xpkg.20.023.13125.
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In recent years, numerous Polish cities and municipalities have become involved in the creation of bike-sharing systems. Although the contribution of bike-sharing to creating sustainable transport caused some controversy in the literature, the positive role of cycling in promoting low-emission mobility and a healthy lifestyle is widely acknowledged. As part of the European Union’s sustainable transport agenda, some Polish local governments have obtained funding from structural funds for the implementation of bicycle-sharing schemes. This article presents an overview of selected systems, as well as a preliminary analysis of their users’ activity based on data obtained through a Web API. Although the scope of the data was limited in time due to the shutdown of the systems caused by the COVID-19 pandemic shortly after their spring reactivation, some patterns could be observed. In particular, users activity was more evenly distributed over time in larger cities (over 300 thousand of residents), whereas in smaller cities alternating periods of high and low activity was observed.
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Charron, Nicholas. "Explaining the allocation of regional Structural Funds: The conditional effect of governance and self-rule." European Union Politics 17, no. 4 (July 9, 2016): 638–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465116516658135.
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What regional factors can explain the heterogeneity in Structural Funds distribution to European Union regions? Past studies have shown that aside from the level of economic development and rates of unemployment, other political, and economic factors systematically explain why certain European Union regions receive greater funding than others, in particular where there is room for bargaining. In this article, a novel theory is posited which argues that the determination of Structural Funds is based on an interaction between a region’s formal institutions (the level of a regional autonomy) and informal institutions (its level of quality of government). In cases of low regional autonomy, member states and European Union level actors prefer to allocate greater levels of Funds to regions with lower quality of government in order to increase cohesion. Yet in cases of high regional autonomy, risks associated with absorption failure in lower capacity regions lead states to strategically allocate greater levels of transfers to regions with higher quality of government. The theory is tested on data for 171 European Union regions for the 2007–2013 budget period. The results show robust empirical support for the theoretical claims.
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Popielas, Marek. "Harmonization of investment services in the European Union - the example of investment funds." Oeconomia Copernicana 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2012): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/oec.2012.004.
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This paper aims to present the level of harmonization of investment services in relation to the European investment funds’ market. The author, in an attempt to systematize different types of investment services in Europe, refers to the European Freedoms and presents the key reasons for the harmonization of investment services. An important part of the study is to present the role of investment funds in the financial sector, as well as the crucial benefits of participation in the funds. By using the method of analysis of the sources, the author makes a review of the European regulations on investment funds, both the law and the recommendations of regulators. From the perspective of recent legislation changes the study highlights their possible implications, especially for less developed countries of the European Union. Complementing the current picture of harmonization the author, by referring to the substantial transformation of the common market of the European Union in 2004, makes review of dynamics of this sector, based on basic statistics. What is worth paying attention in this context is that there is still a slight share of the newly acceding countries. Verification of accuracy of the author’s observations may become the subject of wider discussion on the harmonization of financial services in this area, taking into account time necessary to assess the impact of European regulations currently being implemented.
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Gwizdała, Jerzy P. "The cohesion fund’s role in financing local-government investments in road infrastructure." SHS Web of Conferences 57 (2018): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185701014.
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The growing needs of local communities, deficiencies in road infrastructure, and under-investment in the public sector has led to the search for alternative sources of project financing. Poland’s accession to European Union structures has opened the possibility of obtaining co-financing from EU funds for various types of projects. Aid can be obtained from several types of funds, mainly intended for investments in economic development. Investments in the field of transport carried out by local-government units have been supported by funds from the European Union budget over two six-year financial perspectives: 2007-2013 and 2014-2020. During this time, funds were allocated to local governments to compensate for differences, expand the road network, and to improve the quality of transport. The authorities of individual territorial local-government units received support from structural funds and cohesion policy funds. In return, they were able to count on benefits such as financing for services and road infrastructure facilities that meet the needs of the community, and access to new technologies.
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Pawłowski, Krzysztof. "Rola środków pochodzących z Unii Europejskiej w rozwoju pszczelarstwa na przykładzie Wojewódzkiego Związku Pszczelarzy w Poznaniu." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 18(33), no. 4 (December 28, 2018): 382–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2018.18.4.127.
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In addition to providing extremely valuable products, bees are one of the species capable of pollinating entomophilic plants. Hence, supporting the development of beekeeping in the face of their importance to humanity seems to be extremely important. In Poland, this task is also carried out using funds from the European Union as part of the Bee Market Program Support Programs. The aim of the article is therefore to determine the role of funds originating from the European Union in the development of beekeeping in the Wielkopolskie voivodship on the example of the Provincial Union of Beekeepers in Poznań. First of all unpublished JPA data in Poznań, as well as the results of surveys were used for the research. The results of the research indicate a positive impact of EU funds on the development of beekeeping in the Wielkopolskie voivodship, especially due to the considerable interest in the mechanism among beekeepers.
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Stepanov, Oleg, and Denis Pechegin. "Failure to repatriate funds in foreign currency from abroad and modern issues of currency regulation." Bratislava Law Review 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.46282/blr.2018.2.1.94.
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The monetary policy of the European Union has recently undergone changes that cannot but have an impact on national economies. Thus, starting in 2018, the new rules for calculating the liquidity of banks and the ratio of borrowed funds to assets will come into full force in the European Union. Several large banks in France, dissatisfied with the policy of the European Central Bank (ECB), even appealed to the European Court of Justice for a change in the rules. Meanwhile, this is another step towards establishing financial transparency and strengthening the banking system. Meanwhile, at the international level, uncertainty still remains over issues of currency and legal responsibility, which is largely due to various legal regulations. In most cases, companies that carry out foreign economic activity violate currency legislation. At the same time, civil measures may not be sufficient to protect the normal functioning and development of the domestic foreign exchange market.
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Szanyi-Gyenes, Xénia, György Mudri, and Mária Bakosné Böröcz. "New tools and opportunities in growth and climate friendly greening for small and medium enterprises in the European Union." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 9, no. 4 (December 30, 2015): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2015/4/3.
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The role of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) is unquestionable in the European economies, while financial opportunities are still inadequate for them. The more than 20 million SMEs play a significant role in European economic growth, innovation and job creation. According to the latest EC Annual Report , SMEs are accounting for 99% of all non-financial enterprises, employing 88.8 million people and generating almost EUR 3.7 tn in added value for our economy. Despite the fact that there is plenty of EU funding available for these SMEs, for certain reasons these funds hardly reach them. But we have to see that the EU supports SMEs by various way, e.g. by grants, regulatory changes, financial instrument, direct funds. On the other hand, SMEs and decision makers realised that the environmental sustainability has to be attached to the economic growth, therefore more and more tools are available for these enterprises. Over the last few years, public institutions, the market, the financial community and non-governmental associations have explicitly demanded that firms improve their environmental performance. One of the greatest opportunities might lay in the Climate- and Energy Strategy till 2030 as 20% of the EU budget is allocated to climate-related actions, however the easy access to finance is still a key question. Does the EU recognise the actual difficulties? Is there a systemic reason behind the absorption problems? Is the EU creating a more businessfriendly environment for SMEs, facilitating access to finance, stimulates the green and sustainable growth and improving access to new markets? The paper analyses the current European situation of the SMEs and the effectiveness of some new tools, which are specially targeting SMEs.
JEL classification: Q18
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Jagodzińska-Komar, Ewa. "Integration of capital markets in the European Union from the perspective of Poland." Kwartalnik Nauk o Przedsiębiorstwie 44, no. 3 (September 20, 2017): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.4694.
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The aim of the single capital market of the EU is the access of all Member States to the funds, according to the same principles, and the diversification of sources of financing for enterprises, paying special attention to the SME sector. The author highlights that the improvement of attractiveness of the capital markets in the EU countries would result in a greater number of investments from the world. This, in turn, would increase the ability of the European economy to respond to shocks and to reduce debt.
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BACULÁKOVÁ, Kristína, and Ľubica HARAKAĽOVÁ. "Allocation of Financial Resources from EARDF in the Context of Typology of Slovak Regions." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 9, no. 3 (September 10, 2018): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v9.3(27).10.
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The Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union (CAP EU) is one of the common EU policies that support vulnerable and disadvantaged EU regions. The allocation of EU structural funds is for a long time considered unequal and unjust. Especially money from European agricultural fund is not distributed directly to farmers. In the paper, we use cluster analysis to define the distribution of funds from the EAFRD (European Agriculture Fund for Rural Development) to individual regions of the Slovak Republic at NUTS 3 level in the previous programming period 2007 – 2013. The main objective of the paper is to identify the regions where most of the money form EARDF was allocated during this period. The results of the cluster analysis are clear - funds were not concentrated only in regions that are classified as predominantly rural (according the OECD methodology) but also in regions that were classified as intermediate or even predominantly urban.
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Buchta, S., and T. Buchta. "Impact of the investment grants from the European funds on the development of agriculture and rural areas." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 55, No. 2 (February 18, 2009): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/584-agricecon.
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The article describes the impact of the Sectoral Operational Programme Agriculture and Rural Development and the Rural Development Plan 2004–2006 on the rural development in 2004–2007. In addition to the implementation analysis of these programming documents, the article also describes territorial distribution of direct subsidies and state aid over the monitored period of 2004–2007. A summarized overview is given for the drawdown of all types of subsidies and their proportionate amounts. The evaluation of all subsidies has shown that most of them were paid to the Northern and Eastern parts of Slovakia, due to the agroenvironmental and direct payments (mostly LFA). The article also describes, in quantitative terms, the social and economic impact of investment subsidies from the Sectoral Operational Programme Agriculture and Rural Development and the Rural Development Plan 2004–2006, based on the monitoring indicators of result and impact. The comparison of the socio-economic development of the beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of investment subsidies from the SOP and RDP has shown a faster growth in income of the beneficiaries, as well as a faster growth of labour productivity. Also, the subsidies significantly helped to reduce the decrease in employment and/or helped to maintain the employment in agriculture.
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Dominiak, Natalia. "COHESION POLICY INSTRUMENTS SUPPORTING TOURISM DEVELOPMENT." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXI, no. 1 (March 11, 2019): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.0849.
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The aim of the article is to discuss issues related to the development of tourism in the context of the possibility of financial support available from cohesion policy funds in the current financial perspective for the years 2014-2020. The particular attention was paid to the multifaceted nature of modern tourism and the directions of changes in the use of EU funds, referring to the completed programming period 2007-2013. An attempt was also made to indicate the significance of tourism in the section of the national economy of Poland and in the European Union, concentrating on its interdisciplinary character. Characteristics of cohesion policy, its goals and principles of functioning were made. The article is of a review nature, which means that the authors’ own materials and empirical material from the literature of the subject were used. The figures were obtained from reports published by the Chancellery of the Prime Minister of the Council of Ministers. It was found out that the amount of allocated funds for cohesion policy among all European Union countries in 2014-2020 is the highest for Poland and amounts to EUR 72.9 billion. There is an increase in the amount of funds allocated from the European Union to Poland, compared to the amount of allocated funds in the 2007-2013 perspective. It was also pointed out that the cohesion policy instruments mentioned above only indirectly contribute to the development of tourism, as the financing for 2014-2020 lacks programs and activities entirely dedicated to tourism.
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Totozani, Neritan. "Challenges Of The Indirect Management Of Eu Funds In Albania." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 7 (March 30, 2016): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n7p170.
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Instrument of Pre-Accession programme assistance of European Union applies since 2007 in the Western Balkan countries and aims at preparing successfully the relevant countries for future EU integration. Albania benefits from IPA funds which plays a key role in the development of the administrative capacities of the Western Balkans countries. By strengthening the administrative capacities of these countries, IPA will enable them to take over the funds, the program management and ultimately the overall integration process. Preparing to profit from and ultimately manage IPA funds allows beneficiaries countries, for future efficient management of the so-called Structural and Cohesion Funds that Member States receive to better integrate their poorer regions and infrastructure. This study aims at identifying the value and complexity of such process concluding with the efforts and challenges in the near future toward being a fully fledged member of European Union. It is of great importance the way how Albania absorbs these funds. In this regard, i will assess the process of indirect management of IPA funds in Albania taking into consideration their actual status. In conclusion, this study is very important for the fact it gives a consolidated assessment of the challenges, needs and relative importance of transferring all management aspects of European Union financial assistance to the beneficiaries countries which will further strengthen the complementarily of the accession process and overall national development policies. Also, it will provide recommendation for strengthening administrative capacity and preparing national and local structures and authorities to plan and implement such programmes remain major challenges which the enlargement countries need to address rigorously from an early stage of the process.
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Adamowicz, Mieczysław. "EUROPE AN UNION FUNDS AS THE SOURCE OF REGIONAL CONVERGENCE OF AGRICULTURE IN POLAND." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XX, no. 2 (May 7, 2018): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.8109.
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The aim of the article is a evaluation of productivity labor in rural sectors (agriculture, forestry, hunting, fishing) and comparative this with the use of European funds in Polish regions at the years 2003-2013. Possibility of the convergence sigma and beta related with the amount of funds used from the European Union budget was assumed. Research confirmed results phenomena of convergence in the first years of the analysis (2003-2008) as well as phenomenon of stratification and stabilization in selected group of regions. These suggets that the club convergence may be observed.
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Jezierska-Thöle, Aleksandra, and Mirosław Biczkowski. "FINACIAL FUNDS FROM EUROPEAN UNION FUNDS AS A CHANCE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SECTOR OF ORGANIC FARMS IN POLAND." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XIX, no. 2 (June 26, 2017): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.1166.
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The aim of the work was to present and describe the development of organic farms in Poland and the impact of EU funds on the development of this sector. The possibilities of financing their development from the Rural Development Program funds in the period 2007-2013 functioning within the framework of the Union‘s Common Agricultural Policy were pointed out. The theoretical foundations and assumptions related to the functioning of the organic farming sector were also approximated. The results show that in the years 2002-2013 there was an increase in the number and area of organic farms. The greatest impact on the increase of the number and area of organic farms is the functioning of the RDPs in the years 2004-2006 and 2007-2013 and within it the subsidies for organic production. This confirms the very strong correlation between the number of farms and the amounts of subsidies paid to farms producing organic farming. It can be assumed that in the next few years the share of the area of ecological agricultural land may exceed 4-5%.
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Sadłowski, Adrian. "The planned reform of the Common Agricultural Policy with particular reference to the direct support system." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 66, No. 8 (August 24, 2020): 381–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/397/2019-agricecon.
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Having evaluated the situation in agriculture and rural areas, and having assessed the significance of new external and internal conditions, the European Commission has decided to reform the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union. This article presents the essence of the part of the reform plan which affects the direct support system. The author of the article also examines the impact of the reform on the system’s capacity to achieve the set goals, and on its efficiency. The research showed that the new legal framework proposed by the Commission would not directly improve the efficiency of the system, but the increased decision-making authority it grants to Member States provides an opportunity to reduce administrative outlays on the functioning of the scheme. Likewise, the effectiveness of a reformed direct support system in achieving the set goals will largely depend on decisions made by Member States, i.e. on the appropriate choice of instruments, and the accuracy of their form, as well as the equitable distribution of the available funds.
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Czudec, Adam, Ryszard Kata, and Małgorzata Wosiek. "REDUCING THE DEVELOPMENT GAPS BETWEEN REGIONS IN POLAND WITH THE USE OF EUROPEAN UNION FUNDS." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 25, no. 3 (April 2, 2019): 447–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/tede.2019.9483.
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The paper evaluates the processes of regional income convergence in Poland. This new research approach involves an attempt to assess the process of convergence from the point of view of development gaps. Six key development gaps were considered in the region of Eastern Poland, which is a singular case, significantly different from other regions. A dynamic panel data model was applied to investigate the impact of EU funds on the progress made towards closing these development gaps. Among the analysed development gaps, only the structural gap was not reduced in the period 2004–2015. Studies have also revealed the different impact of structural funds on each category of development gaps (a positive impact on reducing the regional transport accessibility gap and the investment gap, but negative – on reducing the innovation gap). Research has suggested the need for a change in the structure of using EU funds in the period 2014–2020 to favour stronger support for entrepreneurship and the creation of new jobs. Greater stimulation of the economic structure of peripheral regions has been proposed as the prerequisite for the future reduction in the discrepancies between regions and for the intensification of convergence.
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Adamowicz, Mieczysław. "European Funds for Rural Areas and Regional Convergence of Agriculture in Poland." Economic and Regional Studies / Studia Ekonomiczne i Regionalne 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ers-2019-0002.
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SummarySubject and purpose of work: The aim of the article is to assess the phenomena of sigma convergence of labour productivity in agriculture and other sectors of rural economy in Polish regions during 2003 – 2014 in the context of the amount of European funds designated for agriculture and rural areas. European supprt was compared to the Gross Added Value of agriculture, forestry, hunting and fishery.Materials and methods: The subject literature and statistical data received from the Agricultural Modernization Agency and the Local Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office were used. The empirical data regarding the level of agriculture in regions as well as the data on the resources utilised from the European Union were examined in order to assess the correlation between them and the phenomenon of regional sigma-convergence.Results: The study confirms the sigma convergence of the Gross Value Added per units of funding obtained from the European Union Budget and different level of sigma convergence of GVA / PE in regions.Conclusions: Sigma convergence assessment of the Gross Value Added per person employed in regions shows that in the analyzed period three phases could be distinguished: convergence (2003 – 2008), divergence (2008 – 2010) and stagnation (2010 – 2014).
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Bourantonis, Dimitris, Sarantis Kalyvitis, and Constantine Tsoutsoplides. "The European Union and Greece: Political Acceptability and Financial Transfers." Politics 18, no. 2 (May 1998): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9256.00065.
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In this paper a conceptual model is developed that relates loyalty to a community of countries to the material benefits derived from it, measured by the transfer of extra income. We argue that the extent of a country's welfare, and consequently its acceptance to participate in a community increase together with the latter's scope for influence on the former. We use the paradigm of Greece, which is one of the main recipient countries in the EU. It was found that financial transfers concerning regional policy affect in the long-run ‘the acceptance of European integration’ by the public in Greece while social policy funds appear to have short-run positive effects on public opinion.
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Brkic, Luka. "European Union: From social integration to social state." Medjunarodni problemi 56, no. 4 (2004): 447–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp0404447b.
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This paper analyzes recent free trade arrangements from a positive political economy perspective. In contrast to most other literature, which fails to take into account geographical factors, it is argued here that proximity and transportation costs play an important role in trade arrangements. Another important also largely neglected factor is the degree of social cohesion in terms of labor standards among potential trading partners. Accepting social integration might also be a condition for admitting those countries to the agreement. Changes of trade policy over time can therefore be explained by changes in the relative political influence of the sectors considered. The other important factors are, of course, a change in the degree of retaliation, leading to lower tariffs under higher retaliation, and a leveling of social standards. Redistribution across countries could also considerably change the optimal rate of tariff. The EU with its regional cohesion funds might be a good example of how those are used as a side-payment for diminishing the social divergence in the member countries. Countries with higher standards should only be willing to integrate when others raise their social standards as well. The negotiations about the social protocol in the EU indicate that this is in fact the case. More than 40 years of European integration have led to an habituation of thinking of the European Community as something ideologically neutral, which transcends normal political debate. European issues, it seems, do not fit the structure of the usual right-left ideological controversy. The only open fault-line in European politics is between advocates of "more" and those of "less" integration. The paper explores the potential cognitive and political gains of a change of perspective. It argues that the issue of more or less integration is often not interesting in itself but only to the degree that it influences the content of policies. It further shows that the policies at stake are normally such, that they can be usefully debated in the right-left framework. The decision about the site of policy control - national or European - is often only the guise in which a decision about the redrawing of the boundary between market and state, between the sphere of competitive allocation and the sphere of political coordination, materializes. This paper aimed at stressing the fundamental differences between conventional and contractarian constitutional orders. To achieve it, we have used the concept of common knowledge and have related it to its political philosophy background, especially with regard to communication and induction. The former generates a spontaneous social order - it is an evolutionist view that belongs to the Hume - Menger - Hayek tradition. The latter produces a contractarian vision shared by the Brennan-Buchanan-Tullock tradition. We consider here a basic distinction between institutions and conventions. An institution is considered as a formal, explicit rule, while a convention appears to be a tacit, implicit agreement. The former can be associated with contractarian constitutionalism, whereas the latter is related to evolutionism. In this context, institutions should not be understood as formalized conventions (such as law in Hayek). They are rather the expression of a voluntary and deliberate agreement, of a covenant. The application describes features relevant to the development of a European constitution and the corresponding unified legal system. It requires a clear vision of what a European "state" is meant to be or become. Then, once a constitutional setting is chosen, one must address the question of legal organization, in particular the nature of administrative law. Two different acceptation of law are thus associated with the two concepts of convention and contractarian institution. The former can be regarded as customary rule a kind of common knowledge that emerges from tradition and sympathy. By contrast, the latter is the place of explicitly created common knowledge. If it is to become more integrated, Europe will have to tackle this constitutional question, either in an evolutionary or in a contractarian way.