Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Granular avalanche'
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Gaudel, Naïma. "Rhéologie et contrôle des écoulements de dispersions granulaires par l'application de vibrations." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0154.
Full textThis work is funded by the European Founds Interreg VA ("PowderReg" project). The optimization of the transport, storage and mixture of granular dispersions involves their flow control, by adding mechanical vibrations, for example. The present work enables a better understanding of the influence of the vibrations on the apparent rheology of model granular dispersions in the quasi-static regime. Experimental and numerical studies were carried out in order to probe the modifications of the local dynamic and heterogeneities that appear during the flow. Two geometries, interesting for diverse applications in fundamental science, geophysics and industries, were studied: the Couette cell geometry and the inclined plane. In the first step, refractive-index matching technique, coupled to the planar laser induced fluorescence was used to make measurements in granular suspensions in a vibrated Couette cell geometry. Vibrations make the rheology local by homogenizing the system. They suppress the yield stress and result in the appearance of a Newtonian plateau at the low shear, intrinsic to the local dynamic, which is diffusive in nature. It appears that the rearrangement time of the particles, depending on the intensity of the vibrations, is linked to a free volume available around each particle. The numerical study of this geometry in the case of a dry granular dispersion shows similar results. In the second step, flows of dry granular dispersions down the inclined and vibrated plane were realized. This study was completed with a numerical work. The results demonstrated the existence of two distinct regimes under vibrations. The behavior in the gravity-driven regime is not affected by the vibrations and a Bagnold profile is observed. The vibrations mainly cause the decrease of the basal friction and thus influence the height of the deposits. In the vibration-driven regime, however, flows are triggered by the vibrations themselves. It appears that they induce velocity fluctuations that create a granular temperature. That temperature allows the activation of the reorganizations at the grain scale. This suppresses the apparent yield responsible for the flow jamming, and thus enables their control through the shear rate
Gaudel, Naïma. "Rhéologie et contrôle des écoulements de dispersions granulaires par l'application de vibrations." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0154.
Full textThis work is funded by the European Founds Interreg VA ("PowderReg" project). The optimization of the transport, storage and mixture of granular dispersions involves their flow control, by adding mechanical vibrations, for example. The present work enables a better understanding of the influence of the vibrations on the apparent rheology of model granular dispersions in the quasi-static regime. Experimental and numerical studies were carried out in order to probe the modifications of the local dynamic and heterogeneities that appear during the flow. Two geometries, interesting for diverse applications in fundamental science, geophysics and industries, were studied: the Couette cell geometry and the inclined plane. In the first step, refractive-index matching technique, coupled to the planar laser induced fluorescence was used to make measurements in granular suspensions in a vibrated Couette cell geometry. Vibrations make the rheology local by homogenizing the system. They suppress the yield stress and result in the appearance of a Newtonian plateau at the low shear, intrinsic to the local dynamic, which is diffusive in nature. It appears that the rearrangement time of the particles, depending on the intensity of the vibrations, is linked to a free volume available around each particle. The numerical study of this geometry in the case of a dry granular dispersion shows similar results. In the second step, flows of dry granular dispersions down the inclined and vibrated plane were realized. This study was completed with a numerical work. The results demonstrated the existence of two distinct regimes under vibrations. The behavior in the gravity-driven regime is not affected by the vibrations and a Bagnold profile is observed. The vibrations mainly cause the decrease of the basal friction and thus influence the height of the deposits. In the vibration-driven regime, however, flows are triggered by the vibrations themselves. It appears that they induce velocity fluctuations that create a granular temperature. That temperature allows the activation of the reorganizations at the grain scale. This suppresses the apparent yield responsible for the flow jamming, and thus enables their control through the shear rate
Valderrama, Murillo Patricio. "Origine et dynamique des avalanches des débris volcaniques : analyse des structures de surface au volcan Tutupaca (Pérou)." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22731/document.
Full textLandslides occur in all mountainous terrain, where the rock strength is unable to support topographic loading. Volcanic rocks are particularly landslide prone, as they mix strong and weak lithologies and are highly pre-fractured. Also, volcanoes themselves, are peculiar mountains, as they grow, thus creating their own topographic instability. Magmatic activity also deforms the edifice, and hydrothermal activity reduces strength. For all these reasons, volcanoes need close consideration for hazards, especially for the landslide-derived rock avalanches. The characteristics and properties of different debris avalanche components influence their behavior during motion. Deposits are generally hummocky, preserving original layering, which indicates a slide-type emplacement. However, some deposits have ridged morphology for which the formation mechanisms are not well understood. Two recent debris avalanches occurred at the Tutupaca volcano (S Peru). The first one, “Azufre” is Holocene and involved the collapse of active domes and underlying older hydrothermally altered rocks. The second debris avalanche, “Paipatja” occurred 200-230 y BP and is associated with a large explosive event and this deposit is ridged. The excellent conservation state of the deposits and surface structures allows a comprehensive analysis of the ridges. Both deposits have two contrasting units: a lower basal edifice-derived hydrothermally-rich subunit and an upper dome-derived block-rich unit. Detailed fieldwork has shown that Paipatja ridges have coarser core material and are finer in troughs, suggesting grain size segregation. Using analog experiments, the process that allow ridge formation are explored. We find that the mixtures undergo granular segregation and differential flow that create fingering that forms ridges by junction of static léeves defining a channel flow. Granular segregation and fingering are favored by small particle size contrast during bi-dispersed flow. The results suggest that the ridges observed at Tutupaca are product of a granular flow We extract the morphological characteristics of the deposits of granular flows generated in the laboratory and make a qualitative comparison with the Tutupaca deposits. The description of the different landslide and debris avalanche features at Tutupaca shows that two types of debris avalanche motion can occur in volcanic debris avalanches: the sliding of blocks more or less coherent and a flow similar to a granular material. This probably depends on source materials and the conditions of different parts of the initial landslide. Such information should be taken into account when estimating hazards at other volcanic landslide sites, as the different behaviors may result in different run outs
El, Tannoury Claude. "Mécanismes de déclenchement des avalanches granulaires humides." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S125/document.
Full textThe dynamics of avalanche triggering in a slowly inclined granular medium passes through three phases; (1) small local and independent rearrangements of grains (2) followed by collective, successive and quasi-periodic movements, called 'precursors' (3) ending in an avalanche. This dynamic can depend on many parameters. In this thesis, we have studied, by optical and acoustic measurements, the response of the granular medium subjected to a slow inclination of its container. We determined the importance of choosing the power of the acoustic signal on our measurements. We observed the effect of the grain surface condition on the occurrence of precursors and the occurrence of the avalanche. We performed tilted cycles ranging from -θ to +θ ending in an avalanche. We have demonstrated the influence of the θ cycle angle on the precursors and the final avalanche angle. We have also studied granular media with moisture contents between 40 and 96%, by surface and lateral optical measurements. We have shown that the avalanche angles and the appearance of the first precursors depend on the grain size but also the humidity. This dependence is related to cohesive forces that are relatively higher at high humidity and that compensate for the force of gravity for small grains. Finally, we have shown the importance of a homogeneous diffusion of moisture in the environment on its behavior. The impact of grain wettability was also discussed
Rondon, Loic. "Effondrement granulaire : couplages fluide-grains." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10209/document.
Full textNous étudions expérimentalement l'effondrement d'une colonne granulaire dans un liquide visqueux. Contrairement au cas sec, la morphologie des dépôts n'est principalement plus contrôlée par le rapport d'aspect initial du tas mais par la fraction volumique initiale de la masse granulaire. Deux régimes différents sont identifiés selon l'empilement initial. L'empilement lâche donne lieu à des dépôts minces et longs et la dynamique est rapide. Une surpression du liquide est mesurée sous de la colonne. Pour l'empilement dense, l'étalement final est deux fois moindre, le mouvement est lent et une dépression interstitielle est mesurée. Ces observations suggèrent que la dynamique de l'effondrement granulaire dans un fluide est fortement affectée par le comportement de la dilatance du milieu granulaire.Nous développons ensuite un modèle théorique basé sur des équations diphasiques moyennées dans l’épaisseur prenant en compte les mécanismes de dilatance. L’étude dimensionnelle de notre modèle permet de montrer que l’effondrement d’une colonne est contrôlé par trois paramètres sans dimension : le rapport d’aspect de la colonne, la fraction volumique initiale, et le nombre de grains dans l’épaisseur. On montre également que le temps caractéristique met en compétition le frottement visqueux et la gravité.De ce modèle, nous développons un algorithme de résolution lagrangien. Cette approche, grossière mais robuste, permet d’implanter s sans trop de difficulté. Le code est validé sur des configurations simples sur plan incliné avant de simuler l’effondrement de colonnes granulaires immergées dans la même gamme de paramètres que nos expériences
Mede, Tijan. "Etude numérique du comportement mécanique de la neige : une perspective microstructurale." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAU004/document.
Full textDry slab snow avalanches represent a major natural hazard that is extremely difficult to manage. Attempts to model this phenomenon are hindered by the lack of a constitutive law that would describe the mechanical behaviour of snow on a material scale. In particular, relatively little is known on the failure and post-failure response of snow at high loading-rates. The highly fragile nature of the material in this deformation regimerenders experimental investigation difficult and complicates observation at the microstructural level.As an alternative to experiments, a Discrete Element Method-based numerical model of snow is developed in this thesis. The model enables us to simulate the response of snow to mechanical loading, while accounting for actual snow microstructure by using X-ray attenuation images of snow microstructure as input. Snow is considered as a cohesive granular material and an original methodology is developed in order to model the shape of each grain. Individual grains are bound into the snow matrix by modelling cohesion between neighbouring grains.The model is then used to explore the macroscopic mechanical response of different snow samples to mixed-mode loading. Three typical modes of failure are observed in all tested snow samples, depending on the level of applied normal stress: a localized shear failure at low normal stress (mode A), a shear failure-induced volumetric collapse at intermediate levels of normal stress (mode B), and a normal failure and collapse for high values of normal stress (mode C). The observed failure modes result in closed failure envelopes and no qualitative difference is observed between the mechanical responses of different snow types.The internal mechanisms that lead to volumetric collapse are further examined on the microscale. Force chain buckling is identified as a trigger of this material instability. Additionally, force chain stability appears to be controlled by the contacts between the force chain members and the surrounding grains. The failure in these contacts, which is evidenced in modes B and C, allows force chain buckling to develop and results in subsequent volumetric collapse
Duranteau, Mickaël. "Dynamique granulaire à l'approche de l'état critique." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00977530.
Full textCaccamo, Paolo. "Experimental study of the influence of protection structures on avalanches and impact pressures." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENU043/document.
Full textExperimental study of the influence of protection structures on avalanches and impact pressures Abstract: In the frame of snow avalanche protection, the optimisation of defence structure design depends on the understanding of the flow dynamics and on a exhaustive knowledge of the flow-obstacle interaction. The study presented here utilises a mainly experimental approach. Small-scale laboratory tests were combined with field measurements and observations. Dense snow avalanches are modelled by granular materials. Dry cohesionless and mono-dispersed glass beads are released down an inclined channel. Reference tests (with no obstacles) were carried out in order to characterise the flow dynamic properties, and an obstacle was then mounted and force measurements were taken. The geometry of two obstacles was tested: a large wall spanning the whole width of the flow and a narrower wall allowing lateral flows. Results showed that an influence zone forms uphill from the obstacle and plays an important role in the flow dynamics. An analysis of this zone was carried out, together with precise measurements of the flow depth (laser technique), surface velocity (PIV) and impact forces (force sensors). In relation to density currents, powder snow avalanches are modelled by a dyed salt solution flowing down an inclined channel immersed in a water tank. We investigated the influence of two different catching-dam-type obstacles on the flow behaviour with respect to reference conditions. The maximum flow height and its front and core velocity were measured by means of image processing and ultrasound Doppler velocimetry. Results mainly showed the higher effectiveness of a dam with vertical uphill face rather than inclined and underscored the importance of the velocity norm in the computation of the total incoming flow velocity. In-situ full-scale measurements complement small-scale laboratory tests. A new full-scale experimental site was implemented on the existing avalanche defence system of Taconnaz (Chamonix, France). Three breaking mounds were equipped with velocity and pressure sensors. The reference event, the rough site conditions, the need for data synchronization and remote access defined the design constraints. In December 2010, the first event was recorded, which proved that the conceived system works effectively and also provided the first set of data. Preliminary results showed very high pressure peaks with high impact pressures even for low velocity regimes and thus a drag coefficient which increases when the Froude number decreases. Isolated rocks or ice blocks struck the sensors, contributing significantly to the total energy released by the avalanche. This work provided effective inputs for numerical and analytical models and enhanced the current knowledge of avalanche dynamics in order to optimise the future design guidelines for avalanche protection structures. Keywords: Snow avalanches, impact pressure, laboratory experiments, dense avalanches, granular flows, influence zone, dead zone to granular jump transition, powder avalanches, density currents, ultrasound Doppler velocimetry, full-scale measurements
Lherminier, Sébastien. "Avalanches invariantes d’échelle dans un milieu granulaire modèle." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1229/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to reproduce and analyze the scale invariant behavior, as one can find in nature and in particular for a tectonic fault. Thus we set an experiment which reproduces the local structure of a fault thanks to a sheared 2D granular medium. The use of periodic boundaries in the experiment allows us to gain a very rich statistics, which was lacking in previous experiments presented in the literature. The system is monitored by three different methods: optical, mechanical and acoustics, which gives the most numerous and most precise informations. We observed scale invariant dynamics, consistent with statistical laws derived for real earthquakes. We also analyzed the correlations between avalanches and between the three monitoring methods. Additional experiments have been performed to better understand the mecanisms that take place at the triggering and during an avalanche. The main one focuses on sound wave propagation inside a granular pile, and we have shown that a mere velocity measure can give information about the internal structure of the pile. The use of a photoelastic material allows us (with appropriate calibration) to probe local forces at the edges and contacts of the grains and to see the evolution of force chains during the shear
Marks, Benjamin. "Grainsize dynamics of granular flows." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/9372.
Full textDe, Toni Stefano. "A two-dimensional model for the dynamics of granular avalanches." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2005. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/369168.
Full textDe, Toni Stefano. "A two-dimensional model for the dynamics of granular avalanches." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2005. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/609/3/StefanoDeToni2005.pdf.
Full textJohnson, Christopher Gurney. "Granular shocks, particle size segregation and levee formation in avalanches and debris flows." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/granular-shocks-particle-size-segregation-and-levee-formation-in-avalanches-and-debris-flows(a90bcaa3-a056-4691-bc8d-de7b484e2590).html.
Full textMoro, Francesca. "Snow avalanches: hazard maps and passive defence structures." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426859.
Full textNelle regioni Alpine le valanghe di neve rappresentano una grave minaccia per gli insediamenti, le attività e le infrastrutture realizzate dall’uomo. Tali fenomeni sono suddivisi in valanghe polverose e valanghe di neve densa. La difesa contro le valanghe di neve polverosa è quella di prevenire l’innesco della valanga per mezzo di opere di difesa attiva, realizzate nell'area di distacco, o di provocare artificialmente gli eventi valanghivi. Le opere di difesa passiva, invece, possono essere molto efficaci nel deviare, rallentare o arrestare valanghe di neve densa lungo il percorso e nella zona di arresto. In questa tesi sono stati presi in considerazione alcuni aspetti delle valanghe di neve densa utilizzando una massa granulare. Test sperimentali in scala ridotta sono stati realizzati per studiare i differenti tipi di deposito che le valanghe di neve densa possono formare e per misurare la forza d’impatto sulle opere di rallentamento, posizionate lungo la zona di deposito. È stata definita una procedura per la definizione delle carte di pericolosità per le valanghe di neve densa e sono stati analizzati gli effetti dei parametri scelti.
Gajjar, Parmesh. "Modelling size-segregation in dense granular flows." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/modelling-sizesegregation-in-dense-granular-flows(2378b72f-6fe6-4464-8d40-c77915d42444).html.
Full textCawthorn, Christopher John. "Several applications of a model for dense granular flows." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/245044.
Full textRognon, Pierre. "Rhéologie des matériaux granulaires cohésifs. Application aux avalanches de neige dense." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002450.
Full textKiesgen, de Richter Sébastien. "Étude de l’organisation des réarrangements d’un milieu granulaire sous sollicitations mécaniques." Rennes 1, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00462390.
Full textThe response to vibrations and the study of slope stability are a main topic in the study of granular media. On the one hand, these studies give information on the behavior of granular media submitted to these kind of sollicitations in nature (rockfalls, dune dynamics, earthquakes,. . . )On the other hand, these studies allow a better understanding of granular matter in the framework of out of equilibrium systems like glassy systems. In a first part, we study experimentally the response of a granular medium to increasing inclination with acoustical and optical methods. The dynamics has two regimes: a regime with independent and localized small rearrangements and an intermittent regime with large events("precursors") for inclination angles close to the angle of avalanche. The intermittent regime is constituted of collective motions of all grains at the surface of the packing. We point out the major role played by the microscopic details of the interaction between grains and by the boundary condition at the base of the packing during the inclination. The global dynamics of the system is characterized and compared with those obtained with a simple cellular automaton model. In a second part, we make a numerical study of the response of a vibrated granular medium. The system presents analogies with out of equilibrium systems (non-gaussian distributions of displacements, slowing down and heterogeneities of the dynamics,. . . ). We also discuss the influence of the rough bottom on the structure of the packing and on the dynamics. In particular, we observe that the bottom influences a volume whose thickness is about five grain diameters where heterogeneities and correlations appear
Mutabaruka, Patrick. "Modélisation numérique des milieux granulaires immergés : initiation et propagation des avalanches dans un fluide." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00984870.
Full textMalloggi, Florent G. J. "Etudes expérimentales d'avalanches granulaires." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001630.
Full textMa, Ying. "Analyse de l'effet d'une avalanche de neige sur un ouvrage de protection type galerie paravalanche : Expérimentation. Modélisation." Chambéry, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CHAMS024.
Full textThe snow avalanche is one of the major natural hazards in mountainous regions. The modelling of snow avalanche depends on the precise estimation of physical properties of the avalanche such as velocity, height and density, which are difficult to assess in the flow. For these reasons, the determination of solicitations performed by the snow avalanche on the snow shed becomes problematic. The level of protection of this type of structure is therefore difficult to quantity. In the firs part of this work, we proposed the innovative the structures of protection and the models of avalanches commonly used. The second part of our work concerns the determination of the solicitations of the avalanche as well as the effects of their spatial and temporal variations on the snow shed. For this, an experiment that consists of a plate of instrumented force sensors in the natural site of "Col du Lautaret" was carried out. To complement these results, an experiment of granular flow in an inclined canal was implemented in laboratory. The experimental results show that the values of the impact solicitations are very high at the rupture of slope, and they decrease rapidly when the distance to the rupture of slope increases. The last part of our work is to study the dynamic responses of the snow-shed structure under avalanche loads obtained by experimentation, using the EF software Fedeaslab. The dynamic effect on the structure has been quantified by comparing with the calculations under static loads
Huang, Xixi. "Influence des particules fines sur la stabilité d'un milieu granulaire." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00963654.
Full textDagois-Bohy, Simon. "Le Chant des Dunes, Mouvements Collectifs dans un Écoulement Granulaire." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770253.
Full textDoppler, Delphine. "Stabilité et dynamique de pentes granulaires sous-marines." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00109458.
Full textUne première étude est consacrée aux seuils de mise en mouvement des particules. Deux modèles simples prenant en compte la gravité, la friction entre particules et le cisaillement du fluide, permettent de retrouver l'influence de la vitesse de l'écoulement d'eau et de la pente du lit sur les seuils de transport par érosion et par avalanche.
Le régime d'écoulements gravitaires est ensuite exploré pour des pentes au-delà de l'angle maximal de stabilité. Les mesures d'évolution de la pente du tas et du débit de particules (par PIV) montrent que l'avalanche atteint rapidement un régime quasi-stationnaire. La vitesse des grains dépend uniquement de la pente du tas, dans une relation quantitativement prédite par un modèle adapté des développements récents de modélisation de la rhéologie des granulaires.
Dans une troisième partie on s'intéresse à la déformation de l'interface granulaire dans un régime particulier. La formation de rides à tourbillon est observée à la surface de l'avalanche, lorsqu'on applique un écoulement d'eau qui tend à transporter les particules dans la direction opposée. Après une phase initiale de croissance exponentielle, l'amplitude des rides sature. La zone de recirculation à l'arrière de la ride semble contrôler la forme des structures tandis que la quantité de matière transportable par l'avalanche semble déterminer leur amplitude.
Arran, Matthew Iain. "Avalanching on dunes and its effects : size statistics, stratification, & seismic surveys." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/278773.
Full textStaron, Lydie Hélène. "Étude numérique des mécanismes de déstabilisation des pentes granulaires." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GLOB0011.
Full textARADIAN, Achod André. "Quelques problèmes de dynamique d'interfaces molles." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001386.
Full textHuang, Yung-Ta, and 黃永達. "Dynamics and Rheology of Finite Dry Granular Mass in Avalanche down an Inclined Smooth Reservoir." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64222986702315781844.
Full text國立臺灣大學
機械工程學研究所
104
This work investigates the dynamics and rheology for finite number of nearly identical dry glass spheres in avalanche down a narrow inclined reservoir of smooth frictional bed via both experiments and parallelized discrete element simulation. The objective is first to study if the μ-I rheology law that describes bulk internal friction coefficient, μ, as a monotonically increasing function of dimensionless inertial number, I, for steady uniform flows can also be extracted from a non-uniform transient flow. Second, examine the effective sidewall friction coefficient in which most theoretical studies have assumed a constant value in the application of surface flow modelling. Finally, as an attempt to integrate experiment and simulation, the experimentally measured bulk discharge rate is used to calibrate the contact parameters in simulation while the detailed flow information gained from simulation is utilized to evaluate the assumptions made in the control volume analysis of experimental data. High-speed imaging technique is employed to measure bulk transient dynamics at the reservoir sidewall from which individual spheres can be traced to achieve particle tracking velocimetry. The individual sphere information is coarse-grained to estimate continuous bulk solid volume fraction, ϕ(t,x,y), and streamwise and transverse velocity components,U(t,x,y)andV(t,x,y)which are then applied in a quasi-two-dimensional control volume analysis to estimate internal friction, T(t,x,y). These flow properties are further analyzed to seek bulk instantaneous friction coefficient, μ^'', as a function of instantaneous flow inertial number and the obtained μ^''-I relation agrees qualitatively to that reported for steady flows, supporting its claim as a local rheology law and validating the applicability to unsteady flows. Complementary numerical simulation that reproduces the measured bulk dynamics at sidewall is conducted to extract flow information away from the sidewall and a μ^''-I in qualitative agreement to the measured data for I> 0.02 is obtained. A peculiar trend that μ^'' decays almost linearly with I at small I< 0.02 is revealed, suggesting stress thinning at the onset of bulk motion which should be related to different micro- mechanisms than that giving rise to the robust μ^''-I relation. To describe the decay trend, a simplified model considering the shear-induced dilation of initially compressed one-dimensional force chain upon yielding has been developed, predicting a linear decay at small I. On the other hand, the effective sidewall friction coefficient, μ_w, is not a constant but degrades with flow depth and exhibits a monotonically increasing function of quasi-two-dimensional inertial number at the sidewall, I_w. The fact that rotation at one sphere center can divert surface relative velocity across the contact area to render lower sliding friction is considered to develop a model describing how μ_w drops with the ratio between rotation-induced velocity and sliding velocity, Ω. The numerical data provides the degree of underestimation for flow properties under the quasi-two-dimensional approximation in control volume analysis and reveals anisotropic normal stress and their saturating, not fully hydrostatic, depth profile in addition to the varying μ_w. These findings from numerical simulation are discussed and used to construct a more feasible control volume analysis with in-depth understanding of bulk dynamics in narrow frictional confinement.
Huang, Tzy-Wei, and 黃志瑋. "Effects of liquid volume and viscosity on the dynamics of granular avalanche down inclined chute." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74398114627334007073.
Full text臺灣大學
機械工程學研究所
98
A laboratory-scale facility composed of an inclined flume and the reservoir is constructed to investigate the moving avalanche of granular behavior with respect to various inclinations and interstitial liquid volume. The unsteady bulk motion of the granular mixtures prepared with matched same potential energy is obtained by employing the high-speed camera with the methods of Circular Hough Transform (CHT) and particle tracking velocimetry (PTV). We find that the bulk-averaged velocity, basal slip velocity and strain-rate profiles of the mixtures are different under non-immersed, partially-immersed and fully-immersed situations. Coexisting liquid has a strong effect on unifying the bulk motion across the flow depth, which indicates that the Savage-Hutter model developed for surface granular flow may be more feasible for capturing the avalanche of immersed mixtures than dry bulk.
Wei, Li, and 魏立. "Experimental Investigation of Effective Friction Coefficient for Finite Dry Granular Mass in Avalanche down an Inclined Smooth Reservoir." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/t7rg6m.
Full text國立臺灣大學
機械工程學研究所
106
This work investigates the dynamics and rheology of a finite number of dry granular spheres in avalanche down a narrow inclined reservoir of smooth frictional bed and glass-made walls at different inclination angles. Systematic experiments were conducted and high-speed imaging technique was used to measure the bulks properties at the sidewall based on individual sphere dynamics. Flow streamwise, transverse velocity components and solid volume fraction U(t,x,y), V(t,x,y) and ϕ(t,x,y) were employed in a quasi-two-dimensional control volume analysis. The objective is first to extract normal stress, isotropic internal stress, and wall frictional stress all together and hence an additional equation of motion is required and we used the balance equation of angular momentum. Depth profiles of these stress and flow variables were reported at different streamwise locations and collected onto the same plot to examine how the internal and wall friction coefficient varies with local inertial number. On the other hand, in order to solve the three-unknown parameters problem, we add a torque equation which connects the internal frictions and angular velocity. And apply the discrete element method data from the previous work by Yung-TA Huang to define the pressure force and the application of non-isotropic normal stress to solve the frictions. Then we calculate the friction coefficients of wall and internal and found that the depth weakening phenomenon of both coefficients. Moreover, both friction coefficients grow with I increases. Finally, the glass wall is cut off ten rectangle areas and then the load cell sensors are set on to directly measure the wall shear and normal forces during avalanche. The depth weakening phenomenon of wall friction coefficient is observed and verified.
Grumbine, David Warren. "Structural basis of avalanches on two-dimensional granular piles /." Diss., 1998. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:9914429.
Full textHong-TingLiu and 劉虹廷. "Subaqueous mass movement –Laboratory experiments of granular avalanches." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/e3r47f.
Full textNishino, Thomas K. "1/[frequency] dynamics of avalanches on three-dimensional granular piles /." Diss., 1999. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:9955168.
Full textShih-JuChen and 陳仕儒. "A zero-order turbulence closure model of dry granular avalanches." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89771756098338205800.
Full text國立成功大學
土木工程學系
104
Characteristics of the turbulent boundary and passive layers of an isothermal dry granular avalanche with incompressible grains are studied by the proposed zero-order turbulence closure model. The established closure model is applied to analyses of a gravity-driven stationary avalanche with incompressible grains down an incline. While the volume fractions and mean velocity increase from their minimum values on the plane toward maximum values on the free surface exponentially, two-fold turbulent kinetic energies and dissipations evolve in reverse manner. Most two-fold turbulent kinetic energies and dissipations are confined within the thin turbulent boundary layer immediately above the plane, with nearly vanishing two-fold turbulent kinetic energies and finite two-fold turbulent dissipations in the passive layer. Two layers are similarity to those of Newtonian fluids in turbulent boundary layer flows, and are preferable recognized by the distributions of the turbulent kinetic energies and dissipations.
Marteau, Eloïse Sophie Hélène. "Laboratory Studies of Granular Materials Under Shear: From Avalanches to Force Chains." Thesis, 2018. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/10879/1/Thesis_Marteau.pdf.
Full textGranular materials reveal their complexity and some of their unique features when subjected to shear deformation. They can dilate, behave like a solid or a fluid, and are known to carry external forces preferentially as force chains. In this dissertation, we employ laboratory experiments to study the complex behavior of granular materials under shear. We introduce a multiscale approach in which the underlying grain-scale mechanics are experimentally measured and homogenized to obtain enriched macroscopic quantities. First, we investigate granular avalanches spontaneously generated by a rotating drum. Measurements of grain kinematics are directly incorporated into a rate-dependent plasticity model that explains and reproduces the life cycle of laboratory avalanches. The results presented here feature dilatancy as the key material parameter governing the triggering of an avalanche. Second, we report a set of experiments performed on a custom-built mechanical device that allows a specimen composed of a two-dimensional analogue granular assembly to be subjected to quasi-static shear conditions. A numerical force inference technique, the Granular Element Method (GEM), provides direct observation and quantitative characterization of force chain structures in assemblies made of realistic grains. Equipped with a complete description of the grain-scale mechanics, we show that shear deformation creates geometrical (fabric) and mechanical (force) anisotropy. Finally, the influence of grain shape on grain-scale processes is studied. We find that grain interlocking is a prominent deformation mechanism for non-circular grains that ultimately promotes a significant increase in macroscopic shear strength. By seamlessly connecting grain-scale information to continuum scale experiments, this dissertation sheds light on the multiscale mechanical behavior of granular assemblies under shear.
Ma, Ying. "Analyse de l'effet d'une avalanche de neige sur un ouvrage de protection type Galerie ParavalancheExpérimentation - Modélisation." Phd thesis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00351762.
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