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Journal articles on the topic 'Granulation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Kusuma, Maria Asel Pranoto, Feni Mutiara Lasniroha Sagala, Tutuk Djoko Kusworo, and Satrio Dwi Laksono. "Performance Evaluation of Rotary Dryer and Granulator in NPK Steam Granulation Plant Production Department of IIB PT Petrokimia Gresik." Jurnal Global Ilmiah 1, no. 5 (2024): 287–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.55324/jgi.v1i5.44.

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PT. Petrokimia Gresik, a subsidiary of Indonesian fertilizer company PT. Indonesian Fertilizer, has three main plants: Production I, II, and III. Production IIB consists of production units Phonska IV, NPK Granulation II, III, and IV and ZK. Granulated NPK II Fertilizer is a processing unit that meets quality standards. The process involves feeding raw materials, preparing slurries, granulating, drying, screening, cooling, and screening. Supporting materials include powder coating, oil coating, and pigment. The granulation stage is crucial, where raw materials are agglomerated. The NPK Granula

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2

TAKEBAYASHI, Kei H. "Granulation and Granulator." Journal of the Japan Society of Colour Material 66, no. 6 (1993): 361–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4011/shikizai1937.66.361.

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3

Ławińska, Katarzyna, Remigiusz Modrzewski, and Andrzej Obraniak. "Comparison of Granulation Methods for Tannery Shavings." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 28, no. 5(143) (2020): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.2396.

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The work presents a comparison of methods of granulating waste – tannery shavings – from the leather industry. This waste is often used for the production of leather composites, but it creates a number of problems in transport and storage. It seems that granulation of this waste together with mineral additives needed in their further processing is a solution. However, the traditional method of granulation involving the gradual moistening of a loose deposit on a moving surface of the granulator does not give the desired results for the granulation of material with such unusual physical properti

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4

Leszczuk, Tomasz. "Evaluation of the Fertilizer Granules Strength Obtained from Plate Granulation with Different Angle of Granulation Blade." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 8, no. 3 (2014): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ama-2014-0025.

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Abstract The goal of the paper was to assess the strength of the fertilizer granules obtained by non-pressure granulation method. The granulation process was carried out in plate granulator, according to the three-level experiment plan. A mixture of raw materials prepared in a Polish factory of agrochemicals for agriculture and horticulture was used as a study material and water was used as a wetting liquid. Granulator design parameters and process parameters were treated as entrance sizes of the experiment. Three different angles of granulation blade were used in experiments. This paper prese

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5

Nadhem, Al-Khyatt Muhamad, Vsevolod Sklabinskyi, Ruslan Ostroha, et al. "Study of temperature changes in mineral fertiliser granules after contact with air in a granulation tower." Technology audit and production reserves 4, no. 3(72) (2023): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286693.

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The object of research is the process of granulation of nitrogen mineral fertilizers by the method of sprinkling. One of the most problematic areas is the lack of certainty regarding the dynamics of the temperature change of the granule when it is cooled by air in the granulation tower. The paper considers the process of urea granulation using a rotating vibrating granulator. The scheme of the rotating vibrating granulator as part of the experimental stand for granulating liquid urea is presented, the method of conducting experimental studies and the design parameters of the granulator are des

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Rodrigues, Laís Maia, Ricardo Francisco Pires, and Davi Leonardo de Souza. "Study of Granulated Gypsum Hardness Coming from the Granulation Process in Rotating Disk." Materials Science Forum 899 (July 2017): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.899.160.

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The granulation process is a unit operation with broad application in the fertilizer industry. The granular fertilizer has a better physical appearance, facility of agricultural application and elimination of fugitive dust in the production and bagging units. Phosphogypsum is a residue from the production of phosphate fertilizers. It known that for every 1 t of phosphate fertilizer produced, about 4 t of phosphogypsum are obtained, causing problems in storage and risks to the environment. Such problems may be minimized by granulating the waste phosphogypsum and using it in agriculture. This wo

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7

Irshad, U., M. N. Sharif, F. Rabbani, A. Rauf, and M. Saleem. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF UREA GRANULATION." Nucleus 46, no. 3 (2020): 95–99. https://doi.org/10.71330/thenucleus.2009.932.

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Urea is a nitrogenous fertilizer available in two commercial forms, prills and granules, in Pakistan. Prills are more common in Pakistan, however, it has some problems associated with it. Those are moisture, biuret contents of urea prills, prill size, hardness of prills, caking of prills and urea dust emission. Due to these problems urea granulation is favoured over prilling. Urea granulation is studied on laboratory scale using pan granulator and effect of different parameters like binders (water and urea solution), quantity of binders, rpm of pan granulator, time of granulation and angle of

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8

Upton, Margaret L., and Roy O. Weller. "The morphology of cerebrospinal fluid drainage pathways in human arachnoid granulations." Journal of Neurosurgery 63, no. 6 (1985): 867–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1985.63.6.0867.

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✓ Arachnoid granulations and villi from 23 brains from subjects aged 9 to 84 years were examined post mortem by serial sections with the light microscope and as whole or fractured preparations in the scanning electron microscope. The object of the study was to investigate the pathways within the arachnoid granulations by which cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drains from the subarachnoid space to the sinus endothelium. At the base of each granulation, a thin neck of arachnoid projects through an aperture in the dural lining of the sinus and expands to form a core of collagenous trabeculae and interwo

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9

BRAGINETS, SERGEY V. "Optimizing the energy intensity of wet granulation of feed in a basket granulator." Agricultural Engineering, no. 2 (2025): 47–53. https://doi.org/10.26897/2687-1149-2025-2-47-53.

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Wet granulation of plant-based raw materials is necessary to prepare granulated feed of small diameter for fish and their fry. A basket granulator is a feasible solution for this process. The authors performed experimental studiesto establish rational values of factors of wet granulation, providing itslow specific energy intensity. Fish fry feed from plant material was pelleted in a basket granulator to get pellets with a diameter of 2 mm and a length of 4 mm. Three mostsignificant factors affecting the process of wet granulation of plant-based raw materials and specific energy intensity of gr

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10

Handayani, Dian Purnami, Wahyudi Budi Sediawan, Daniel Timotius, and Mitha Puspitasari. "Distribusi Ukuran Granul dari Tepung Singkong dengan Tepung Tapioka sebagai Pengikat pada Rotary Drum Granulator." Eksergi 20, no. 2 (2023): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31315/e.v20i2.9170.

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Granulation is a process of monoparticle attachment with a particular mechanism to form a bigger and compact particle which is called granule. Granulation application has been used on many industries like pharmacy and agriculture industries. Research about granulation has been done continuously to get predictive models for various cases. The model which is only applicable to the specific material used in this research is expected to be useful to optimize the perfomances of the granulator in the industries. This research aims to develop the kinetics model of granule size distribution of cassava

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11

Dhari Jawad, Alaa, Ibrahim Richeh, and Ahmed Saleh. "DETERMINATION OF THE OPTIMUM OPERATING CONDITIONS IN THE GRANULATION OF GAMMA ALUMINA CATALYST SUPPORT." Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 11, no. 4 (2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2010.4.1.

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Granulation Technique for Gamma Alumina Catalyst Support was employed in inclined disk granulator (IDG), rotary drum granulator (RD) and extrusion – spheronization equipments .Product with wide size range can be produced with only few parameters like rpm of equipment, ratio of binder and angle of inclination. The investigation was conducted for determination the optimum operating conditions in the three above different granulation equipments.Results reveal that the optimum operating conditions to get maximum granulation occurred at ( speed: 31rpm , Inclination:420 , binder ratio:225,300% ) for

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12

Ren, Yi, Zehao Zhang, Biwei Jiang, Igor Soszyński, and Tharindu Jayasinghe. "Granulation in Red Supergiants: The Scaling Relations." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 18, S376 (2022): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921323003319.

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AbstractThe evolution of granulation is an important mechanism of the light variations of red supergiants (RSGs). Based on pure and complete samples of RSGs in the Magellanic Clouds, the mechanisms and characteristics of the granulation of RSGs are investigated based on time-series data. As predicted by the basic physical process of granulation and previous works, there are tight relations between granulation and stellar parameters of RSGs (i.e., the scaling relations). The scaling relations of RSGs provide a new method to infer stellar parameters by using the characteristic timescale and ampl

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13

Han, Fengguang, Yongbin Yang, Lin Wang, et al. "Strengthening Granulating and Sintering Performance of Refractory Iron Concentrate by Pre-Pelletizing." Metals 13, no. 4 (2023): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13040679.

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May Concentrate Iron ore, as a refractory iron concentrate, deteriorates the permeability of the sintered layer during the sintering process due to its fine particle size and poor granulating performance. Therefore, it cannot be widely used in iron ore sintering. In this study, the strengthening granulation of May Concentrate Iron ore using pre-pelletizing to expand its utilization ratio was proposed. The experiments of conventional granulation, pre-pelletizing granulation and sinter pot test were carried out. Increasing May Concentrate Iron ore (a refractory iron concentrate) proportion was d

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14

Rodrigues, Rafaella F., Sergio Leite, Juliana G. Oliveira, Carlos Henrique Ataíde, and Marcos A. S. Barrozo. "Process Variable Influence on Fertilizer Drum Granulation Performance." Materials Science Forum 727-728 (August 2012): 1734–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.727-728.1734.

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The main purpose of this study was to determine the influence of process variables on granulation of ordinary super phosphate. The experiments were performed in a drum with an internal volume of 25 l and the evaluated variables were rotation speed, liquid phase, granulation time and fill level of the drum granulator. Central Composite Design (CCD) was used to choose the experimental conditions. The correlation between data and process variables was established using Multiple Regression. The granulation products were analyzed using standard separators and the Haver CPA photo-optical particle si

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15

Abrosimova, O. N., and M. A. Burakova. "Scaling of the Granulation Process in the Conditions of GMP Training Center and Assessment of Possible Risks." Drug development & registration 10, no. 3 (2021): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33380/2305-2066-2021-10-3-131-137.

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Introduction. The stage of wet granulation is often used in the technology of solids. The method of wet granulation in a mixer-granulator with high shear force can be regarded as the most complicated method of its implementation from the engineering and technological point of view. The mixer-granulator has two mixers located in mutually perpendicular planes. Using an impeller, dry components are mixed, and the chopper, turning on when spraying a humidifier, ensures the formation of granules. By setting different chopper rotational speed, granules of different sizes can be obtained. This granul

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16

Lebedev, Anton, Anatoly Murashov, Ilya Gudanov, Alexander Vatagin, Dmitry Dolgin, and Fedor Orlov. "Identification of the mechanism of powdery materials granules formation during wet granulation in a high-speed rotary granulator." From Chemistry Towards Technology Step-By-Step 6, no. 2 (2025): 127–32. https://doi.org/10.52957/2782-1900-2025-6-2-127-132.

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The article concerns with the mechanism of carbon black granules formation during wet granulation by adding a special liquid binder additive to the dusting carbon black. The research describes a design of a vertical type laboratory granulation unit consisting of a drive, tripod, and frame. The main element of the frame is a shaft with pins mounted on it. As a result, we developed a methodology for conducting the experiment. The article provides a graph of the dependence of bulk density and power on the time of the process. It determines the following stages of the granulation process: wetting

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17

Liao, Zheng Gen, Zhe Li, Juan Luo, et al. "Mechanistic Basis for the Role of Binary Mixtures Flowability and Related Factors in the Processability and Performance of High Shear and Extrusion Granulation." Advanced Materials Research 1033-1034 (October 2014): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1033-1034.247.

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The purpose of this study was to establish a relationship between the raw material properties and granulation behavior in extrusion wet granulation (WEG) and high shear wet granulation (HSWG). moisture content (MC), Carr index (CI), angle of repose (AOR), and mean size distribution (MSD) of binary mixtures were examined. The effect of these variables on the processibility and performance of the granulations was evaluated by monitoring such response along with granule growth. The prominent involved findings were that moisture content and Carr index had significant impacts on granule growth, fol

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18

Chiaranairungroj, Muthita, Montira Nopharatana, Annop Nopharatana, and Suvaluk Asavasanti. "Development of an Oscillating Drum Granulator Prototype for Cassava Pearl." Applied Mechanics and Materials 619 (August 2014): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.619.145.

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This paper presents an oscillating drum granulator prototype for cassava pearl. Effects of filling degree and oscillating speed on cassava pearl granulation were investigated. A stainless steel drum granulator with 50 cm diameter and 16 cm length was developed. The stainless steel joints with a cotton-transmitting belt were used to connect the drum to an oscillator arm to simulate the flexibility of a traditional cloth cradle granulator. The filling degree and oscillating speed were varied from 1, 2 and 3 kg and from 87 and 100 rpm, respectively. During granulation, samples were taken at 4, 8,

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19

Vesjolaja, Ludmila, Bjørn Glemmestad, and Bernt Lie. "Comparison of Feedback Control Strategies for Operation of Granulation Loops." Information Technology and Control 50, no. 4 (2021): 736–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.itc.50.4.28104.

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Granulation is a particle enlargement process during which fine particles or atomizable liquids are converted into granules via a series of complex granulation mechanisms. In this paper, two feedback control strategies are implemented to make granulation loop processes more steady to operate, i.e., to suppress oscillatory behavior in the produced granule sizes. In the first control strategy, a classical proportional-integral (PI) controller is used, while in the second, a double-loop control strategy is used to control the median diameter of the granules leaving the granulator. The simulation

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20

Consiglieri, Vladi Olga, Samanta Mourão, Mauricio Sampaio, et al. "Improvement of fluconazole flowability and its effect on dissolution from tablets and capsules." Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 46, no. 1 (2010): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502010000100013.

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The aim of this work was to improve fluconazole flowability by wet granulation and to study the effect of granulation on drug dissolution from tablets and capsules. Fluconazole was submitted to a process of wet granulation in a high-speed granulator using Plasdone® K29/32 or K90. Flow properties of granules and dissolution profiles for tablets and capsules produced with them were determined. Fluconazole granules demonstrated better flowability, calculated by angle of repose and compressibility index data, compared with powder. Additionally, it was observed that the granulation process improved

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21

Adam, Mustapha, Jonas Addai-Mensah, Jason Begelhole, Richmond K. Asamoah, and William Skinner. "The Influence of Drum Operating Parameters on Granulation and Product Attributes." Minerals 15, no. 3 (2025): 224. https://doi.org/10.3390/min15030224.

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Granulation is a size enlargement process that involves the movement of feed within the granulator (e.g., drum) to produce granules of desirable attributes for the subsequent processes. To produce good quality granules, the right operating parameters need to be tested, optimised, and benchmarked for future granulation test works or potential scale-up for pilot test works. Thus, in this paper, the effects of feed residence time (FRT), pre-wetting moisture content (PWMC), mixing and granulation moisture content (GMC), drum volume loading (DVL), and rotational speed (DOS) on the granulation of ir

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22

Artyukhov, Artem, Jan Krmela, Vladimíra Krmelová, and Dastan Ospanov. "Vortex-Type Granulation Machines: Technological Basis of Calculation and Implementation Roadmap." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 16, no. 4 (2022): 347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ama-2022-0041.

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Abstract This work is devoted to describing the technological foundations and the main stages of calculating granulation machines with active hydrodynamic modes. The optimisation criterion is substantiated when choosing the design of the granulation machine. The work uses methods of analysis and synthesis, search for cause-and-effect relationships, theoretical and computer modelling, and experimental studies. The nodes of the vortex granulator directly influence the formation of a vortex fluidised bed, and the directional movement of granules of various sizes are determined. A technique for ca

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23

Sakwanichol, Jarunee, Satit Puttipipatkhachorn, Gernot Ingenerf, and Peter Kleinebudde. "Roll compaction/dry granulation: Comparison between roll mill and oscillating granulator in dry granulation." Pharmaceutical Development and Technology 17, no. 1 (2010): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10837450.2010.508078.

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Shentsova, E. S., E. E. Kurchaeva, A. V. Vostroilov, and L. A. Esaulova. "Determination of technological parameters of the granulation of mixed fodders for young rabbits and the evaluation of their effectiveness." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 80, no. 3 (2018): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2018-3-176-184.

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The composition of all-mashes for young rabbits when granulating liquid grain molasses was introduced as a binder. To find the optimal parameters of the process of granulation of all-mashes containing grain molasses, studies were conducted on an experimental setup. To improve the nutritional value and digestibility of all-mashes in the recipes were introduced probiotic feed additive "Sportermin", "Prostor" sorbents "Carbitoks" and "Fungistat-GPK". To find the optimal parameters of the process of granulation of all - mashes, studies were conducted on an experimental setup,including a press gran

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Arthur, Tony Bediako, and Nejat Rahmanian. "Process Simulation of Twin-Screw Granulation: A Review." Pharmaceutics 16, no. 6 (2024): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16060706.

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Twin-screw granulation has emerged as a key process in powder processing industries and in the pharmaceutical sector to produce granules with controlled properties. This comprehensive review provides an overview of the simulation techniques and approaches that have been employed in the study of twin-screw granulation processes. This review discusses the major aspects of the twin-screw granulation process which include the fundamental principles of twin-screw granulation, equipment design, process parameters, and simulation methodologies. It highlights the importance of operating conditions and

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Tanaka, Ryoma, Supisara Osotprasit, Jomjai Peerapattana, Kazuhide Ashizawa, Yusuke Hattori, and Makoto Otsuka. "Complete Cocrystal Formation during Resonant Acoustic Wet Granulation: Effect of Granulation Liquids." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 1 (2021): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13010056.

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The manufacturing of solid pharmaceutical dosage forms composed of cocrystals requires numerous processes during which there is risk of dissociation into parent molecules. Resonant acoustic wet granulation (RAG) was devised in an effort to complete theophylline–citric acid (THPCIT) cocrystal formation during the granulation process, thereby reducing the number of operations. In addition, the influence of granulation liquid was investigated. A mixture of anhydrous THP (drug), anhydrous CIT (coformer), and hydroxypropyl cellulose (granulating agent) was processed by RAG with water or ethanol as

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Desai, U. S., P. D. Chaudhari, D. B. Bhavsar, and R. P. Chavan. "MELT GRANULATION: AN ALTERNATIVE TO TRADITIONAL GRANULATION TECHNIQUES." INDIAN DRUGS 50, no. 03 (2013): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.50.03.p0005.

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Melt granulation is a size enlargement process in which the addition of a binder that melts or softens at relatively low temperatures (about 60o C) is used to achieve agglomeration of solid particles in the formulation. The process utilizes materials that are effective as granulating agents when they are in the softened or molten state. This process can be used for the preparation of sustained released dosage forms by using lipophilic polymers, such as glycerol monostearate, a combination of a hydrophobic material such as a starch derivative and stearic acid. It also can be used to prepare fas

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Artyukhov, Artem, Viktor Obodiak, and Pavlo Boiko. "Development of Software for Calculating of the Vortex Fluidized Bed Granulator." Journal of Software Engineering: Theories and Practices 2, no. 1 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21174/josetap.v2i1.61.

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The article is devoted to the development of software for calculating the hydrodynamic conditions and kinetic characteristics of granulation process in vortex devices. In the basis software Vortex Granulator© and Classification in vortex flow© original mathematical model for calculating the flow rate of gas and granules classification and separation processes of granules in a vortex granulator, kinetics of granules heating and removing moisture from the granules was put. The structure of software and algorithm of their work is shown. In the article, an algorithm for calculation of the granulat

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Vesjolaja, Ludmila, Bjørn Glemmestad, and Bernt Lie. "Double-Loop Control Structure for Rotary Drum Granulation Loop." Processes 8, no. 11 (2020): 1423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8111423.

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The operation of granulation plants on an industrial scale is challenging. Periodic instability associated with the operation of the granulation loop causes the particle size distribution of the particles flowing out from the granulator to oscillate, thus making it difficult to maintain the desired product quality. To address this problem, two control strategies are proposed in this paper, including a novel approach, where product-sized particles are recycled back to maintain a stable granulation loop process. A dynamic model of the process that is based on a population balance equation is use

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Kasmadi, Kasmadi, Budi Nugroho, Atang Sutandi, and Syaiful Anwar. "Filter Cake Utilization as Filler of 15-15-15+5S Compound Fertilizer: Particle Size Distribution and Granule Crushing Strength Properties." Reaktor 19, no. 4 (2019): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.19.4.145-151.

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Compound fertilizer which combining organic-inorganic materials need to be developed to improve the effectivness of fertilizers in the soil. Filter cake as a material has highly potential to be used as a filler in physical process granulation of compound fertilizer. In this study, the particle size distribution and granule crushing strength properties were tested using 15-15-15 + 5S fertilizer compound formula, which are varied in the filler composition and K sources. Potassium sources consisted of 2 (two) types of fertilizers i.e KCl and K2SO4. Filler composition as a binder in fertilizer gra

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Royce, Alan, Jiwaji Suryawanshi, Udayan Shah, and Krishna Vishnupad. "Alternative Granulation Technique: Melt Granulation." Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 22, no. 9-10 (1996): 917–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03639049609065921.

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Sonia.M.Goyal, Yogeeta.S.Agrawal Rajshri.R.Dusane Monika.S.Jadhav. "A REVIEW ARTICLE ON ROLLER COMPACTION." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES o6, no. 05 (2019): 9285–93. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2712105.

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<em>In pharmaceutical oral solid dosage forms we have been widely used for decades which are mainly depend on their convenience of administration with suitability drug delivery for its systemic effects. Granules, pellets, tablets and capsules are commonly used in pharmaceutical solid dosage forms.  As the solid pharmaceutical dosage forms which mainly containing the drug substances with or without suitable diluents were prepared by either compression or molding methods that is define as tablet. Direct compression, wet granulation and dry granulation are the three basic tableting methods.

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Zhalehrajabi, Ehsan, Kok Keong Lau, Ku Zilati Ku Shaari, et al. "Effect of Biodegradable Binder Properties and Operating Conditions on Growth of Urea Particles in a Fluidized Bed Granulator." Materials 12, no. 14 (2019): 2320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12142320.

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Granulation is an important step during the production of urea granules. Most of the commercial binders used for granulation are toxic and non-biodegradable. In this study, a fully biodegradable and cost-effective starch-based binder is used for urea granulation in a fluidized bed granulator. The effect of binder properties such as viscosity, surface tension, contact angle, penetration time, and liquid bridge bonding force on granulation performance is studied. In addition, the effect of fluidized bed process parameters such as fluidizing air inlet velocity, air temperature, weight of primary

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Ławińska, Katarzyna, Szymon Szufa, Remigiusz Modrzewski, et al. "Obtaining Granules from Waste Tannery Shavings and Mineral Additives by Wet Pulp Granulation." Molecules 25, no. 22 (2020): 5419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25225419.

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This paper presents the results of research on the granulation process of leather industry waste, i.e., tanning shavings. It is economically justified to granulate this waste together with mineral additives that are useful in the processes of their further processing. Unfortunately, the granulation of raw, unsorted shavings does not obtain desired results due to their unusual properties. In this study, the possibilities of agglomeration of this waste were examined by a new method consisting of the production and then the granulation of wet pulp. During granulation, no additional binding liquid

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Muddu, Shashank, Ashutosh Tamrakar, Preetanshu Pandey, and Rohit Ramachandran. "Model Development and Validation of Fluid Bed Wet Granulation with Dry Binder Addition Using a Population Balance Model Methodology." Processes 6, no. 9 (2018): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr6090154.

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An experimental study in industry was previously carried out on a batch fluid bed granulation system by varying the inlet fluidizing air temperature, binder liquid spray atomization pressure, the binder liquid spray rate and the disintegrant composition in the formulation. A population balance model framework integrated with heat transfer and moisture balance due to liquid addition and evaporation was developed to simulate the fluid bed granulation system. The model predictions were compared with the industry data, namely, the particle size distributions (PSDs) and geometric mean diameters (GM

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Kotamarthy, Lalith, Subhodh Karkala, Ashley Dan, Andrés D. Román-Ospino, and Rohit Ramachandran. "Investigating the Effects of Mixing Dynamics on Twin-Screw Granule Quality Attributes via the Development of a Physics-Based Process Map." Pharmaceutics 16, no. 4 (2024): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16040456.

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Twin-screw granulation (TSG) is an emerging continuous wet granulation technique that has not been widely applied in the industry due to a poor mechanistic understanding of the process. This study focuses on improving this mechanistic understanding by analyzing the effects of the mixing dynamics on the granule quality attributes (PSD, content uniformity, and microstructure). Mixing is an important dynamic process that simultaneously occurs along with the granulation rate mechanisms during the wet granulation process. An improved mechanistic understanding was achieved by identifying and quantif

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Rybachuk, V.D. "THE STUDY OF THE KINETIC OF NATURAL ZEOLITE GRANULES GROWTH AT DIFFERENT WAYS OF GRANULATION." Annals of Mechnikov Institute, no. 4 (December 2, 2016): 88–96. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.192326.

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Introduction. Active substances and excipients used in the manufacture of medicines in tablet form, in most cases, have poor technological properties. This fact determines the need for prior granulation of mass before compression. Granulators of various sizes and designs, running on different modes, made the formation, growth and consolidation of the powder particles that lead to obtain pellets of different shapes and sizes. From the literature it is known that granulation leads to two forms of granules: isodiametric and nonisodiametric. The first group of particles forms has globular shape wi

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Forster, Seth P., Erin Dippold, Abbe Haser, Daniel Emanuele, and Robin Meier. "Integrated Continuous Wet Granulation and Drying: Process Evaluation and Comparison with Batch Processing." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 9 (2023): 2317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15092317.

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The pharmaceutical industry is in the midst of a transition from traditional batch processes to continuous manufacturing. However, the challenges in making this transition vary depending on the selected manufacturing process. Compared with other oral solid dosage processes, wet granulation has been challenging to move towards continuous processing since traditional equipment has been predominantly strictly batch, instead of readily adapted to material flow such as dry granulation or tablet compression, and there have been few equipment options for continuous granule drying. Recently, pilot and

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Pasmar, Dasyri, Noor Endah Mochtar, and Ali Altway. "The effect of lime Ca(OH)2 to the constant of granulation rate (k) of Sidoarjo mud (LuSi) and its grain size distribution." MATEC Web of Conferences 276 (2019): 05010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927605010.

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Sidoarjo mud (LuSi) is very hot and sticky mud-like substance produced by eruption of Kujung, Kalibeng, and Pucangan formations caused by well exploration for gas in Porong, Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia. LuSi submerged villages, industrial areas, and rice fields in Porong. The eruption is still taking place so that it needs more area and higher dike surrounded to retain the mud. Therefore, it is very urgent to use LuSi in huge volumes such as for borrowed materials. LuSi grain size and its strength, however, do not meet the borrowed materials requirement. Therefore, the grain size was improv

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Kim, Kang Min, and Jae Sung Pyo. "A STUDY OF FLUID BED GRANULATION OF PRAVASTATIN TABLET USING DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 10 (2018): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i10.27356.

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Objective: The objective of this study was to reduce size and weight of pravastatin tablet through quality by design approach; potential factors (spray rate, atomizing pressure, and inlet temperature) which could influence on the production process for critical process parameters of wet granulation using fluid-bed granulator were examined.Methods: The manufacturing process of the reduced weight and size formulation pravastatin tablet involves wet granulation, drying, granulate screening, blending, and tableting. Design of experiments study for wet granulation of the reduced weight/size pravast

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Schwartz, Joseph B. "Granulation." Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 14, no. 14 (1988): 2071–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03639048809152003.

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Sirame, Prathmesh, Rajeshwari Khairnar, and Rupali Tasgaonkar. "Granulation." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 1 (2023): 347–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.48564.

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bstract: Granulation is one of the most important unit operations in the production of pharmaceutical oral dosage form. It is the process in which primary powder particles are made to adhere to form larger multiparticle entities called granules. the Granulation process will improve flow and compression characteristics, reduce segregation, improve content uniformity, improve density and eliminate excessive amounts of particles. Improved yields, decreased tablet defects, higher productivity, and decreased downtime will be the outcomes. All across the world, pharmaceutical products are processed

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Sharma, Samit, Biraj Pokhrel, Sangam Rayamajhi, Jayan M. Shrestha, and Ishwor Lohani. "Split Thickness Skin Grafting With and Without Surgical Removal of Granulation Tissue in Granulating Wounds: A Single Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial." Journal of Institute of Medicine Nepal 43, no. 2 (2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.59779/jiomnepal.1162.

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Introduction: Split thickness skin graft (STSG) is a commonly carried out procedure in granulating wounds. The graft may be applied directly on the granulation tissue (without scrapping) or it may be applied after complete removal of the granulation tissue (after scrapping). Surgeons are divided on this issue. Methods: A single blinded, randomized, controlled trial was carried out between November 2017 and December 2018 in the Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. The study consisted of 62 patients who were divided into two groups. G

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Gohel, M. C., S. A. Mansuri, V. T. Thakkar, L. H. Baldania, and T. R. Gandhi. "FABRICATION AND EVALUATION OF LABORATORY SCALE MINIGRANULATOR USING THE CONCEPT OF DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS." INDIAN DRUGS 51, no. 08 (2014): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.51.08.10123.

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The main objective of the present work was to design, fabricate and evaluate a laboratory scale mini granulator for applications in the research and development department. The Box and Behnken design was adopted to identify the critical parameters in the wet granulation process. The granules and tablets were characterized. The spherical granules obtained by using the fabricated mini granulator were of size 600 to 750 μ. On the other hand, the manual method (mortar and pestle) resulted in the formation of larger granules (800-950 μ). Recovery of granules by both the manual method and laboratory

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Rouabah, Maroua, Inès Esma Achouri, Sandrine Bourgeois, Stéphanie Briançon, and Claudia Cogné. "Experimental and Numerical Study to Enhance Granule Control and Quality Predictions in Pharmaceutical Granulations." Pharmaceutics 17, no. 3 (2025): 364. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17030364.

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Background/Objectives: The pharmaceutical industry demands stringent regulation of product characteristics and strives to ensure the reproducibility of granules manufactured via the wet granulation process. A systematic model employing the discrete element method (DEM) was developed herein to gain insights into and better control this process. Methods: The model comprehensively simulates particle behavior during granulation by considering the intrinsic properties of the powder material, the specific geometry of the granulation equipment, and various operational conditions, including impeller s

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Siuda, Robert, Jerzy Kwiatek, Szymon Szufa, et al. "Industrial Verification and Research Development of Lime–Gypsum Fertilizer Granulation Method." Minerals 11, no. 2 (2021): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11020119.

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This work concerns non-pressure granulation of mineral materials used for the production of agricultural fertilizers for soil deacidification. In order to expand the product range of Nordkalk Poland sp. z o. o. located in Poland, the granulation conditions of the gypsum–lime mix were examined with the use of various granulation methods. The processed mixture was Jurassic lime flour mined in the Sławno mine (Poland) and waste gypsum (sulfogypsum) obtained from the largest coal-fired power plant in the EU, Bełchatów Power Plant (Poland). This paper presents the results of the optimization of the

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Yermukanova, Alma, Podobed Leonid, Stankevych Georgii, Saule Zhiyenbayeva, and Eva Mrkvicová. "Mathematical modelling and optimization of the granulation process of loose compound feed for broilers." Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 18 (January 9, 2024): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/1925.

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The article presents the results of studying the indicators of the crumbling of granules and the specific energy costs of experimental batches of granulated feed for broilers. The process of granulation of compound feed for broilers was studied using the statistical planning method of a multifactorial experiment using a granulation line, including a granulator press. The dependence of the crumbling of granules and the energy consumed on the selected factors has been established. The moisture content of the feed mixture W (%) and steam pressure P (MPa) were chosen to optimise the granulation pr

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Hasan, Masroor, Shafquat Hussain Khundkar, Md Enamul Kabir, and SM Shakwat Hossain. "A comparative study of split thickness skin graft take on chronic wounds with and without surgical removal of granulation tissue from the recipient bed." Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh 9, no. 2 (2015): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v9i2.21826.

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Introduction: In most of the patients with chronic granulating wounds split skin grafting is the preferred option for coverage of the wounds. Split skin grafts may be applied directly on the granulation tissue or it may be applied after complete removal of granulation tissue. Opinions are divided on this issue. Objectives: To compare the skin take between the split thickness skin grafting on chronic wounds after removal and without removal of granulation tissue in the same patient. Methods: This is a longitudinal type of follow up and comparative study and was carried out in the Department of

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Lee, Yong Seong, Jae Seon Kang, Kang Min Kim, and Jae Sung Pyo. "Optimization of ticagrelor tablet for gastro-retentive drug delivery using full factorial design." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 23, no. 2 (2024): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v23i2.1.

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Purpose: To identify the optimized region of formulation using quality by design for developing ticagrelor gastro-retentive (GR) tablets.  Methods: A 23 + 3 full factorial design of experiments study was used to identify three factors (polyethylene oxide (PEO), compression, and volume of granulating fluid) involved in the wet granulation and compression process of ticagrelor GR tablets. Hardness, friability, content, dosage unit uniformity, and pH 1.2 dissolution rate (at 4, 8, and 12 h) were evaluated as critical quality attributes via analysis of variance using Design Expert software.

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Flisyuk, O. M., N. A. Martsulevich, and T. N. Shininov. "Granulation of powdered materials in a high-speed granulator." Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 89, no. 4 (2016): 603–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070427216040133.

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