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Journal articles on the topic 'Granule Disassembly'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Gwon, Youngdae, Brian A. Maxwell, Regina-Maria Kolaitis, Peipei Zhang, Hong Joo Kim, and J. Paul Taylor. "Ubiquitination of G3BP1 mediates stress granule disassembly in a context-specific manner." Science 372, no. 6549 (2021): eabf6548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abf6548.

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Stress granules are dynamic, reversible condensates composed of RNA and protein that assemble in eukaryotic cells in response to a variety of stressors and are normally disassembled after stress is removed. The composition and assembly of stress granules is well understood, but little is known about the mechanisms that govern disassembly. Impaired disassembly has been implicated in some diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, and multisystem proteinopathy. Using cultured human cells, we found that stress granule disassembly was context-dependent: Specifically

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2

Jakobson, Christopher M., and Daniel F. Jarosz. "Metabolites control stress granule disassembly." Nature Cell Biology 23, no. 10 (2021): 1053–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41556-021-00768-w.

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3

Panas, Marc D., Pavel Ivanov, and Paul Anderson. "Mechanistic insights into mammalian stress granule dynamics." Journal of Cell Biology 215, no. 3 (2016): 313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201609081.

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The accumulation of stalled translation preinitiation complexes (PICs) mediates the condensation of stress granules (SGs). Interactions between prion-related domains and intrinsically disordered protein regions found in SG-nucleating proteins promote the condensation of ribonucleoproteins into SGs. We propose that PIC components, especially 40S ribosomes and mRNA, recruit nucleators that trigger SG condensation. With resolution of stress, translation reinitiation reverses this process and SGs disassemble. By cooperatively modulating the assembly and disassembly of SGs, ribonucleoprotein conden

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Dang, Yongjun, Nancy Kedersha, Woon-Kai Low та ін. "Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2α-independent Pathway of Stress Granule Induction by the Natural Product Pateamine A". Journal of Biological Chemistry 281, № 43 (2006): 32870–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m606149200.

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Stress granules are aggregates of small ribosomal subunits, mRNA, and numerous associated RNA-binding proteins that include several translation initiation factors. Stress granule assembly occurs in the cytoplasm of higher eukaryotic cells under a wide variety of stress conditions, including heat shock, UV irradiation, hypoxia, and exposure to arsenite. Thus far, a unifying principle of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α phosphorylation prior to stress granule formation has been observed from the majority of experimental evidence. Pateamine A, a natural product isolated from marine sponge, was rec

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5

Xie, Wen, and Robert B. Denman. "Protein Methylation and Stress Granules: Posttranslational Remodeler or Innocent Bystander?" Molecular Biology International 2011 (February 24, 2011): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/137459.

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Stress granules contain a large number of post-translationally modified proteins, and studies have shown that these modifications serve as recruitment tags for specific proteins and even control the assembly and disassembly of the granules themselves. Work originating from our laboratory has focused on the role protein methylation plays in stress granule composition and function. We have demonstrated that both asymmetrically and symmetrically dimethylated proteins are core constituents of stress granules, and we have endeavored to understand when and how this occurs. Here we seek to integrate

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6

Chen, Wenjun, Yabing Hu, Charles F. Lang, et al. "The Dynamics of P Granule Liquid Droplets Are Regulated by the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline RNA Helicase GLH-1 via Its ATP Hydrolysis Cycle." Genetics 215, no. 2 (2020): 421–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.120.303052.

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P granules are phase-separated liquid droplets that play important roles in the maintenance of germ cell fate in Caenorhabditis elegans. Both the localization and formation of P granules are highly dynamic, but mechanisms that regulate such processes remain poorly understood. Here, we show evidence that the VASA-like germline RNA helicase GLH-1 couples distinct steps of its ATPase hydrolysis cycle to control the formation and disassembly of P granules. In addition, we found that the phenylalanine-glycine-glycine repeats in GLH-1 promote its localization at the perinucleus. Proteomic analyses o

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7

Hird, S. N., J. E. Paulsen, and S. Strome. "Segregation of germ granules in living Caenorhabditis elegans embryos: cell-type-specific mechanisms for cytoplasmic localisation." Development 122, no. 4 (1996): 1303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.122.4.1303.

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Germ granules are ribonucleoprotein particles that are thought to function in germline specification in invertebrates and possibly in vertebrates. In Caenorhabditis elegans, these structures, termed P granules, are partitioned to the germline P cells during the early embryonic divisions. By injecting a fluorescently labelled anti-P-granule antibody into the C. elegans germline syncitium, we followed P-granule segregation in live embryos using laser-scanning confocal microscopy. We show that, in early P cells (P0 and P1), P-granule partitioning is achieved primarily by their migration through t

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8

Chandler, D. E., M. Whitaker, and J. Zimmerberg. "High molecular weight polymers block cortical granule exocytosis in sea urchin eggs at the level of granule matrix disassembly." Journal of Cell Biology 109, no. 3 (1989): 1269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.109.3.1269.

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Recently, we have shown that high molecular weight polymers inhibit cortical granule exocytosis at total osmolalities only slightly higher than that of sea water (Whitaker, M., and J. Zimmerberg. 1987. J. Physiol. 389:527-539). In this study, we visualize the step at which this inhibition occurs. Lytechinus pictus and Strongylocentrotus purpuratus eggs were exposed to 0.8 M stachyose or 40% (wt/vol) dextran (average molecular mass of 10 kD) in artificial sea water, activated with 60 microM of the calcium ionophore A23187, and then either fixed with glutaraldehyde and embedded or quick-frozen a

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9

Maxwell, Brian A., Youngdae Gwon, Ashutosh Mishra, et al. "Ubiquitination is essential for recovery of cellular activities after heat shock." Science 372, no. 6549 (2021): eabc3593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abc3593.

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Eukaryotic cells respond to stress through adaptive programs that include reversible shutdown of key cellular processes, the formation of stress granules, and a global increase in ubiquitination. The primary function of this ubiquitination is thought to be for tagging damaged or misfolded proteins for degradation. Here, working in mammalian cultured cells, we found that different stresses elicited distinct ubiquitination patterns. For heat stress, ubiquitination targeted specific proteins associated with cellular activities that are down-regulated during stress, including nucleocytoplasmic tra

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10

Reineke, Lucas C., Jon D. Dougherty, Philippe Pierre та Richard E. Lloyd. "Large G3BP-induced granules trigger eIF2α phosphorylation". Molecular Biology of the Cell 23, № 18 (2012): 3499–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e12-05-0385.

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Stress granules are large messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) aggregates composed of translation initiation factors and mRNAs that appear when the cell encounters various stressors. Current dogma indicates that stress granules function as inert storage depots for translationally silenced mRNPs until the cell signals for renewed translation and stress granule disassembly. We used RasGAP SH3-binding protein (G3BP) overexpression to induce stress granules and study their assembly process and signaling to the translation apparatus. We found that assembly of large G3BP-induced stress granules, but n

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11

Williams, Erin R. "Turning off cellular stress." Science Signaling 12, no. 581 (2019): eaax9738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.aax9738.

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12

Hofmann, Sarah, Nancy Kedersha, Paul Anderson, and Pavel Ivanov. "Molecular mechanisms of stress granule assembly and disassembly." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research 1868, no. 1 (2021): 118876. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118876.

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13

Finnen, Renée L., Mingzhao Zhu, Jing Li, Daniel Romo, and Bruce W. Banfield. "Herpes Simplex Virus 2 Virion Host Shutoff Endoribonuclease Activity Is Required To Disrupt Stress Granule Formation." Journal of Virology 90, no. 17 (2016): 7943–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00947-16.

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ABSTRACTWe previously established that cells infected with herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) are disrupted in their ability to form stress granules (SGs) in response to oxidative stress and that this disruption is mediated by virion host shutoff protein (vhs), a virion-associated endoribonuclease. Here, we test the requirement for vhs endoribonuclease activity in disruption of SG formation. We analyzed the ability of HSV-2 vhs carrying the point mutation D215N, which ablates its endoribonuclease activity, to disrupt SG formation in both transfected and infected cells. We present evidence that abl

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14

Liu, I.-Chun, Sheng-Wen Chiu, Hsin-Yi Lee, and Jun-Yi Leu. "The histone deacetylase Hos2 forms an Hsp42-dependent cytoplasmic granule in quiescent yeast cells." Molecular Biology of the Cell 23, no. 7 (2012): 1231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e11-09-0752.

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One of many physiological adjustments in quiescent cells is spatial regulation of specific proteins and RNA important for the entry to or exit from the stationary phase. By examining the localization of epigenetic-related proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we observed the formation of a reversible cytosolic “stationary-phase granule” (SPG) by Hos2, a nuclear histone deacetylase. In the stationary phase, hos2 mutants display reduced viability. Additionally, they exhibit a significant delay when recovering from stationary phase. Hos2 SPGs also contained Hst2, a Sir2 homologue, and several str

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15

Castilla-Llorente, Virginia, and Andres Ramos. "PolyQ-mediated regulation of mRNA granules assembly." Biochemical Society Transactions 42, no. 4 (2014): 1246–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20140099.

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RNA granules have been observed in different organisms, cell types and under different conditions, and their formation is crucial for the mRNA life cycle. However, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms governing their assembly and disassembly. The aggregation-prone LSCRs (low-sequence-complexity regions), and in particular, the polyQ/N-rich regions, have been extensively studied under pathological conditions due to their role in neurodegenerative diseases. In the present review, we discuss recent in vitro, in vivo and computational data that, globally, suggest a role for polyQ/N

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16

Saitoh, Atsushi, Yuki Takada, Mayu Horie, and Tomoya Kotani. "Pumilio1 phosphorylation precedes translational activation of its target mRNA in zebrafish oocytes." Zygote 26, no. 5 (2018): 372–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199418000369.

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SummaryTranslational regulation of mRNAs is crucial for promoting various cellular and developmental processes. Pumilio1 (Pum1) has been shown to play key roles in translational regulation of target mRNAs in many systems of diverse organisms. In zebrafish immature oocytes, Pum1 was shown to bind to cyclin B1 mRNA and promote the formation of cyclin B1 RNA granules. This Pum1-mediated RNA granule formation seemed critical to determine the timing of translational activation of cyclin B1 mRNA during oocyte maturation, leading to activation of maturation/M-phase-promoting factor (MPF) at the appro

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17

Kotani, Tomoya, Kyota Yasuda, Ryoma Ota, and Masakane Yamashita. "Cyclin B1 mRNA translation is temporally controlled through formation and disassembly of RNA granules." Journal of Cell Biology 202, no. 7 (2013): 1041–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201302139.

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Temporal control of messenger RNA (mRNA) translation is an important mechanism for regulating cellular, neuronal, and developmental processes. However, mechanisms that coordinate timing of translational activation remain largely unresolved. Full-grown oocytes arrest meiosis at prophase I and deposit dormant mRNAs. Of these, translational control of cyclin B1 mRNA in response to maturation-inducing hormone is important for normal progression of oocyte maturation, through which oocytes acquire fertility. In this study, we found that dormant cyclin B1 mRNA forms granules in the cytoplasm of zebra

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18

Mazroui, Rachid, Sergio Di Marco, Randal J. Kaufman, and Imed-Eddine Gallouzi. "Inhibition of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System Induces Stress Granule Formation." Molecular Biology of the Cell 18, no. 7 (2007): 2603–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e06-12-1079.

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The inhibition of the ubiquitin-dependent proteasome system (UPS) via specific drugs is one type of approach used to combat cancer. Although it has been suggested that UPS inhibition prevents the rapid decay of AU-rich element (ARE)-containing messages, very little is known about the cellular mechanisms leading to this effect. Here we establish a link between the inhibition of UPS activity, the formation of cytoplasmic stress granules (SGs), and mRNA metabolism. The assembly of the SGs requires the phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF2α by a mechanism involving the stress k

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19

Lee, Jason E., Peter I. Cathey, Haoxi Wu, Roy Parker, and Gia K. Voeltz. "Endoplasmic reticulum contact sites regulate the dynamics of membraneless organelles." Science 367, no. 6477 (2020): eaay7108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aay7108.

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Tethered interactions between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and other membrane-bound organelles allow for efficient transfer of ions and/or macromolecules and provide a platform for organelle fission. Here, we describe an unconventional interface between membraneless ribonucleoprotein granules, such as processing bodies (P-bodies, or PBs) and stress granules, and the ER membrane. We found that PBs are tethered at molecular distances to the ER in human cells in a tunable fashion. ER-PB contact and PB biogenesis were modulated by altering PB composition, ER shape, or ER translational capacity.

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20

Wöll, Stefan, Reinhard Windoffer, and Rudolf E. Leube. "p38 MAPK-dependent shaping of the keratin cytoskeleton in cultured cells." Journal of Cell Biology 177, no. 5 (2007): 795–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200703174.

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Plasticity of the resilient keratin intermediate filament cytoskeleton is an important prerequisite for epithelial tissue homeostasis. Here, the contribution of stress-activated p38 MAPK to keratin network organization was examined in cultured cells. It was observed that phosphorylated p38 colocalized with keratin granules that were rapidly formed in response to orthovanadate. The same p38p recruitment was noted during mitosis, in various stress situations and in cells producing mutant keratins. In all these situations keratin 8 became phosphorylated on S73, a well-known p38 target site. To de

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21

Li, Chi Ho, Takbum Ohn, Pavel Ivanov, Sarah Tisdale, and Paul Anderson. "eIF5A Promotes Translation Elongation, Polysome Disassembly and Stress Granule Assembly." PLoS ONE 5, no. 4 (2010): e9942. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009942.

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22

Merkle, Carrie J., and Douglas E. Chandler. "Cortical granule matrix disassembly during exocytosis in sea urchin eggs." Developmental Biology 148, no. 2 (1991): 429–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-1606(91)90262-2.

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23

McInerney, Gerald M., Nancy L. Kedersha, Randal J. Kaufman, Paul Anderson та Peter Liljeström. "Importance of eIF2α Phosphorylation and Stress Granule Assembly in Alphavirus Translation Regulation". Molecular Biology of the Cell 16, № 8 (2005): 3753–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e05-02-0124.

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Alphavirus infection results in the shutoff of host protein synthesis in favor of viral translation. Here, we show that during Semliki Forest virus (SFV) infection, the translation inhibition is largely due to the activation of the cellular stress response via phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α subunit (eIF2α). Infection of mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) expressing a nonphosphorylatable mutant of eIF2α does not result in efficient shutoff, despite efficient viral protein production. Furthermore, we show that the SFV translation enhancer element counteracts the tran

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24

Sacco-Bubulya, Paula, and David L. Spector. "Disassembly of interchromatin granule clusters alters the coordination of transcription and pre-mRNA splicing." Journal of Cell Biology 156, no. 3 (2002): 425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200107017.

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To examine the involvement of interchromatin granule clusters (IGCs) in transcription and pre-mRNA splicing in mammalian cell nuclei, the serine-arginine (SR) protein kinase cdc2-like kinase (Clk)/STY was used as a tool to manipulate IGC integrity in vivo. Both immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy analyses of cells overexpressing Clk/STY indicate that IGC components are completely redistributed to a diffuse nuclear localization, leaving no residual structure. Conversely, overexpression of a catalytically inactive mutant, Clk/STY(K190R), causes retention of hypophosphorylated

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25

Stark, F., R. Golla, and V. T. Nachmias. "Formation and contraction of a microfilamentous shell in saponin-permeabilized platelets." Journal of Cell Biology 112, no. 5 (1991): 903–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.112.5.903.

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To study the mechanism of granule centralization in platelets, we permeabilized with saponin in either EGTA (5 mM) or calcium (1 or 10 microM). Under all conditions, platelets retained 40-50% of their total actin and greater than 70% of their actin-binding protein (ABP) but lost greater than 80% of talin and myosin to the supernatant. Thin sections of platelets permeabilized in EGTA showed a microfilament network under the residual plasma membrane and throughout the cytoplasm. Platelets permeabilized in calcium contained a microfilament shell partly separated from the residual membrane. The sh

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Zhang, Yi, Jiayu Gu, and Qiming Sun. "Aberrant Stress Granule Dynamics and Aggrephagy in ALS Pathogenesis." Cells 10, no. 9 (2021): 2247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10092247.

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Stress granules are conserved cytosolic ribonucleoprotein (RNP) compartments that undergo dynamic assembly and disassembly by phase separation in response to stressful conditions. Gene mutations may lead to aberrant phase separation of stress granules eliciting irreversible protein aggregations. A selective autophagy pathway called aggrephagy may partially alleviate the cytotoxicity mediated by these protein aggregates. Cells must perceive when and where the stress granules are transformed into toxic protein aggregates to initiate autophagosomal engulfment for subsequent autolysosomal degradat

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Fritsch, Anatol W., Andrés F. Diaz-Delgadillo, Omar Adame-Arana, et al. "Local thermodynamics govern formation and dissolution of Caenorhabditis elegans P granule condensates." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 37 (2021): e2102772118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2102772118.

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Membraneless compartments, also known as condensates, provide chemically distinct environments and thus spatially organize the cell. A well-studied example of condensates is P granules in the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans that play an important role in the development of the germline. P granules are RNA-rich protein condensates that share the key properties of liquid droplets such as a spherical shape, the ability to fuse, and fast diffusion of their molecular components. An outstanding question is to what extent phase separation at thermodynamic equilibrium is appropriate to describe the f

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Cereghetti, Gea, Caroline Wilson-Zbinden, Vera M. Kissling, et al. "Reversible amyloids of pyruvate kinase couple cell metabolism and stress granule disassembly." Nature Cell Biology 23, no. 10 (2021): 1085–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41556-021-00760-4.

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29

Mitchell, Troy, Andrea Lo, Michael R. Logan, Paige Lacy, and Gary Eitzen. "Primary granule exocytosis in human neutrophils is regulated by Rac-dependent actin remodeling." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 295, no. 5 (2008): C1354—C1365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00239.2008.

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The actin cytoskeleton regulates exocytosis in all secretory cells. In neutrophils, Rac2 GTPase has been shown to control primary (azurophilic) granule exocytosis. In this report, we propose that Rac2 is required for actin cytoskeletal remodeling to promote primary granule exocytosis. Treatment of neutrophils with low doses (≤10 μM) of the actin-depolymerizing drugs latrunculin B (Lat B) or cytochalasin B (CB) enhanced both formyl peptide receptor- and Ca2+ionophore-stimulated exocytosis. Higher concentrations of CB or Lat B, or stabilization of F-actin with jasplakinolide (JP), inhibited prim

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Jayabalan, Aravinth Kumar, Srivathsan Adivarahan, Aakash Koppula, et al. "Stress granule formation, disassembly, and composition are regulated by alphavirus ADP-ribosylhydrolase activity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 6 (2021): e2021719118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021719118.

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While biomolecular condensates have emerged as an important biological phenomenon, mechanisms regulating their composition and the ways that viruses hijack these mechanisms remain unclear. The mosquito-borne alphaviruses cause a range of diseases from rashes and arthritis to encephalitis, and no licensed drugs are available for treatment or vaccines for prevention. The alphavirus virulence factor nonstructural protein 3 (nsP3) suppresses the formation of stress granules (SGs)—a class of cytoplasmic condensates enriched with translation initiation factors and formed during the early stage of in

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31

Tolay, Nazife, and Alexander Buchberger. "Role of the Ubiquitin System in Stress Granule Metabolism." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 7 (2022): 3624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073624.

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Eukaryotic cells react to various stress conditions with the rapid formation of membrane-less organelles called stress granules (SGs). SGs form by multivalent interactions between RNAs and RNA-binding proteins and are believed to protect stalled translation initiation complexes from stress-induced degradation. SGs contain hundreds of different mRNAs and proteins, and their assembly and disassembly are tightly controlled by post-translational modifications. The ubiquitin system, which mediates the covalent modification of target proteins with the small protein ubiquitin (‘ubiquitylation’), has

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Lowenstein, Charles J., and Hiromasa Tsuda. "N-Ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor: a redox sensor in exocytosis." Biological Chemistry 387, no. 10/11 (2006): 1377–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bc.2006.173.

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AbstractVascular injury triggers endothelial exocytosis of granules, releasing pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic mediators into the blood. Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) limit vascular inflammation and thrombosis by inhibiting endothelial exocytosis. NO decreases exocytosis by regulating the activity of theN-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF), a central component of the exocytic machinery. NO nitrosylates specific cysteine residues of NSF, thereby inhibiting NSF disassembly of the soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (SNARE). NO also modulates exocytosis of other c

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Cereghetti, Gea, Caroline Wilson-Zbinden, Vera M. Kissling, et al. "Author Correction: Reversible amyloids of pyruvate kinase couple cell metabolism and stress granule disassembly." Nature Cell Biology 24, no. 1 (2021): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41556-021-00799-3.

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Wang, Bo, Brian A. Maxwell, Joung Hyuck Joo, et al. "ULK1 and ULK2 Regulate Stress Granule Disassembly Through Phosphorylation and Activation of VCP/p97." Molecular Cell 74, no. 4 (2019): 742–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2019.03.027.

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Bartoli, Kristen M., Darryl L. Bishop, and William S. Saunders. "The Role of Molecular Microtubule Motors and the Microtubule Cytoskeleton in Stress Granule Dynamics." International Journal of Cell Biology 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/939848.

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Stress granules (SGs) are cytoplasmic foci that appear in cells exposed to stress-induced translational inhibition. SGs function as a triage center, where mRNAs are sorted for storage, degradation, and translation reinitiation. The underlying mechanisms of SGs dynamics are still being characterized, although many key players have been identified. The main components of SGs are stalled 48S preinitiation complexes. To date, many other proteins have also been found to localize in SGs and are hypothesized to function in SG dynamics. Most recently, the microtubule cytoskeleton and associated motor

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Rennie, Madison, та Suzanne Scarlata. "Abstract 1791: The Lasting Effects of Stress Granule Dynamics: Assembly and Disassembly Upon Gαq Activation". Journal of Biological Chemistry 299, № 3 (2023): S745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104360.

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Stearns, M. E., and M. Wang. "Polarized pigment granule transport occurs in the absence of microtubules in squirrelfish erythrophores: studies of the effects of estramustine." Journal of Cell Science 87, no. 4 (1987): 565–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.87.4.565.

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We have re-examined the involvement of microtubules in the process of pigment granule transport in squirrelfish erythrophores in situ (i.e. on scales). Light-microscopic studies revealed that following exposure to 5 microM-nocodazole for 1 h at 4 degrees C erythrophores retained an ability to aggregate and disperse their pigment uniformly, though at reduced rates. Serial thick-section stereo high-voltage electron-microscopic studies showed that the entire microtubule population was removed by drug treatment and that the microtubules were not reassembled as a result of pigment translocation pro

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Tapper, H., and S. Grinstein. "Fc receptor-triggered insertion of secretory granules into the plasma membrane of human neutrophils: selective retrieval during phagocytosis." Journal of Immunology 159, no. 1 (1997): 409–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.159.1.409.

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Abstract We studied the kinetics of secretion in human neutrophils stimulated by IgG-opsonized zymosan. Secretion of azurophilic and specific granules was quantified measuring the appearance of the granule markers CD63 and CD66b, respectively, at the cell surface. The kinetics of secretion was compared with the course of phagocytosis, revealed by the trapping of the fluid phase marker, Lucifer Yellow, in vacuoles containing zymosan particles. We found that secretion of both azurophilic and specific granules precedes phagosome sealing. An initial rapid phase of secretion was followed by a decre

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Park, Yoon Ho, Hyun Suh Cho, Sungjin Moon, Sim Namkoong та Hyun Suk Jung. "Enhancement of Stress Granule Formation by a Chiral Compound Targeting G3BP1 via eIF2α Phosphorylation". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, № 19 (2024): 10571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910571.

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The chirality of a chemical differentiates it from its mirror-image counterpart. This unique property has significant implications in chemistry, biology, and drug discovery, where chiral chemicals display high selectivity and activity in achieving target specificity and reducing attrition rates in drug development. Stress granules (SGs) are dynamic assemblies of proteins and RNA that form in the cytoplasm of cells under stress conditions. Modulating their formation or disassembly could offer a novel approach to treating a wide range of diseases. This has led to significant interest in SGs as p

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Liu, Lifeng, Eva Weiss, Marc D. Panas, et al. "RNA processing bodies are disassembled during Old World alphavirus infection." Journal of General Virology 100, no. 10 (2019): 1375–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.001310.

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RNA processing bodies (P-bodies) are non-membranous cytoplasmic aggregates of mRNA and proteins involved in mRNA decay and translation repression. P-bodies actively respond to environmental stresses, associated with another type of RNA granules, known as stress granules (SGs). Alphaviruses were previously shown to block SG induction at late stages of infection, which is important for efficient viral growth. In this study, we found that P-bodies were disassembled or reduced in number very early in infection with Semliki Forest virus (SFV) or chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in a panel of cell lines. S

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Arakawa, Masashi, Keisuke Tabata, Kotaro Ishida, et al. "Flavivirus recruits the valosin-containing protein–NPL4 complex to induce stress granule disassembly for efficient viral genome replication." Journal of Biological Chemistry 298, no. 3 (2022): 101597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101597.

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Marmor-Kollet, Hagai, Aviad Siany, Nancy Kedersha, et al. "Spatiotemporal Proteomic Analysis of Stress Granule Disassembly Using APEX Reveals Regulation by SUMOylation and Links to ALS Pathogenesis." Molecular Cell 80, no. 5 (2020): 876–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2020.10.032.

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Sahoo, Pabitra K., Amar N. Kar, Nitzan Samra та ін. "A Ca2+-Dependent Switch Activates Axonal Casein Kinase 2α Translation and Drives G3BP1 Granule Disassembly for Axon Regeneration". Current Biology 30, № 24 (2020): 4882–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2020.09.043.

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Rabasco, Stefania, Alicia A. Lork, Emmanuel Berlin, et al. "Characterization of Stress Granule Protein Turnover in Neuronal Progenitor Cells Using Correlative STED and NanoSIMS Imaging." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 3 (2023): 2546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032546.

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Stress granules (SGs) are stress-induced biomolecular condensates which originate primarily from inactivated RNA translation machinery and translation initiation factors. SG formation is an important defensive mechanism for cell survival, while its dysfunction has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms of SG assembly and disassembly, as well as their impacts on cellular recovery, are not fully understood. More thorough investigations into the molecular dynamics of SG pathways are required to understand the pathophysiological roles of SGs in cellular system

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Nahm, Minyeop, Su Min Lim, Young-Eun Kim, et al. "ANXA11 mutations in ALS cause dysregulation of calcium homeostasis and stress granule dynamics." Science Translational Medicine 12, no. 566 (2020): eaax3993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aax3993.

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Dysregulation of calcium ion homeostasis and abnormal protein aggregation have been proposed as major pathogenic hallmarks underpinning selective degeneration of motor neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Recently, mutations in annexin A11 (ANXA11), a gene encoding a Ca2+-dependent phospholipid-binding protein, have been identified in familial and sporadic ALS. However, the physiological and pathophysiological roles of ANXA11 remain unknown. Here, we report functions of ANXA11 related to intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and stress granule dynamics. We analyzed the exome sequences of 5

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Shiina, Nobuyuki, and Kei Nakayama. "RNA Granule Assembly and Disassembly Modulated by Nuclear Factor Associated with Double-stranded RNA 2 and Nuclear Factor 45." Journal of Biological Chemistry 289, no. 30 (2014): 21163–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m114.556365.

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Smith, Clark M., Steven M. Burris, Douglas J. Weiss, and James G. White. "Comparison of bovine and human platelet deformability, using micropipette elastimetry." American Journal of Veterinary Research 50, no. 1 (1989): 34–38. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1989.50.01.34.

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SUMMARY We evaluated the deformability of bovine platelets and contrasted the effects of pharmacologic and thermal perturbations on cytoskeletal structure of human and bovine platelets. Platelets were aspirated into micropipettes (0.7 to 0.8 μm in diameter) by stepwise increments in tension. The resulting lengths of the cell extensions were recorded. The cell extensions aspirated from bovine platelets were shorter than the extensions drawn from human platelelets. Disassembly of the circumferential microtubule coil allowed human platelets to pass through the pipette, but the same treatments onl

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Haddad, Alex, Grant R. Bowman, and Aaron P. Turkewitz. "New Class of Cargo Protein in Tetrahymena thermophila Dense Core Secretory Granules." Eukaryotic Cell 1, no. 4 (2002): 583–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.1.4.583-593.2002.

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ABSTRACT Regulated exocytosis of dense core secretory granules releases biologically active proteins in a stimulus-dependent fashion. The packaging of the cargo within newly forming granules involves a transition: soluble polypeptides condense to form water-insoluble aggregates that constitute the granule cores. Following exocytosis, the cores generally disassemble to diffuse in the cell environment. The ciliates Tetrahymena thermophila and Paramecium tetraurelia have been advanced as genetically manipulatable systems for studying exocytosis via dense core granules. However, all of the known g

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Fricke, Jens, Lily Y. Koo, Charles R. Brown, and Peter L. Collins. "p38 and OGT Sequestration into Viral Inclusion Bodies in Cells Infected with Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Suppresses MK2 Activities and Stress Granule Assembly." Journal of Virology 87, no. 3 (2012): 1333–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02263-12.

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ABSTRACTRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) forms cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (IBs) that are thought to be sites of nucleocapsid accumulation and viral RNA synthesis. The present study found that IBs also were the sites of major sequestration of two proteins involved in cellular signaling pathways. These are phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (p38-P), a key regulator of cellular inflammatory and stress responses, and O-linkedN-acetylglucosamine (OGN) transferase (OGT), an enzyme that catalyzes the posttranslational addition of OGN to protein targets to regulate cellular

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Bernstein, Audrey M., and Sidney W. Whiteheart. "Identification of a Cellubrevin/Vesicle Associated Membrane Protein 3 Homologue in Human Platelets." Blood 93, no. 2 (1999): 571–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v93.2.571.

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Abstract Several studies suggest membrane trafficking events are mediated by integral, membrane proteins from both transport-vesicle and target membranes, called v- and t-SNAREs (SNAp REceptors), respectively. Previous experiments using antibodies to synaptobrevin/vesicle associated membrane protein (VAMP) 1, 2, or rat cellubrevin failed to detect these v-SNAREs in human platelets, although membrane proteins from these cells could support 20S complex formation. To identify v-SNAREs in platelets, we used a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach with degenerate primers to amplify potential VAM

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