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Journal articles on the topic 'Granules'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Jiang, Hongbo, and Yumin Chen. "Neighborhood Granule Classifiers." Applied Sciences 8, no. 12 (2018): 2646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8122646.

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Classifiers are divided into linear and nonlinear classifiers. The linear classifiers are built on a basis of some hyper planes. The nonlinear classifiers are mainly neural networks. In this paper, we propose a novel neighborhood granule classifier based on a concept of granular structure and neighborhood granules of datasets. By introducing a neighborhood rough set model, the condition features and decision features of classification systems are respectively granulated to form some condition neighborhood granules and decision neighborhood granules. These neighborhood granules are sets; thus,

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2

Žurauskienė, Ramunė, Marina Valentukevičienė, and Raminta Žurauskaitė. "Filter Medias from Granulated Foam-glass, Properties Investigated for Water Treatment Possibilities." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 9, no. 4 (2017): 419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2017.1056.

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Inorganic material – granulated foam-glass produced from glass breakage in small porous granule shape. Foam-glass is gotten by connecting thoroughly grounded glass with foamers, later this composition is heated in the furnace in especially high temperature and is turned into various diameter greyish granules. Granulated foam-glass is a unique ecological material of which inner structure pores are arranged in such a way that air is trapped inside. Foam-glass production technology is one of the most advanced since the product is made from secondary raw materials, not leaving any third row waste.

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WANG, CHANGZHENG, YONGHUA RONG, and T. Y. HSU. "ESSENTIAL FACTORS INFLUENCING TUNNELING GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE OF GRANULAR FILMS." Modern Physics Letters B 20, no. 02n03 (2006): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021798490600944x.

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A series of ferromagnetic-insulator granular films were prepared at room temperature with a spc350 multi-target magnetron controlled sputtering system and all of the tunneling giant magnetoresistences were measured with the conventional four probes method. Experimental results revealed that TMR depends strongly on the magnetic granule, matrix and the size distribution of magnetic granules. Accordingly, a modified phenomenological theory is presented to investigate comprehensively the effect of the magnetic granule, matrix and the size distribution of magnetic granules on the TMR. In this theor

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Barr, Jeremy J., Andrew E. Cook, and Phillip L. Bond. "Granule Formation Mechanisms within an Aerobic Wastewater System for Phosphorus Removal." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 22 (2010): 7588–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00864-10.

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ABSTRACT Granular sludge is a novel alternative for the treatment of wastewater and offers numerous operational and economic advantages over conventional floccular-sludge systems. The majority of research on granular sludge has focused on optimization of engineering aspects relating to reactor operation with little emphasis on the fundamental microbiology. In this study, we hypothesize two novel mechanisms for granule formation as observed in three laboratory scale sequencing batch reactors operating for biological phosphorus removal and treating two different types of wastewater. During the i

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5

Barrere-Cain, Rio, Sebastian Wachsmann-Hogiu, and Denis M. Dwyre. "Super Resolution Optical Microscopy for Analysis of Granules in B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia." Blood 124, no. 21 (2014): 5347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.5347.5347.

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Abstract An unusual case of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) was diagnosed at our institution. The B-ALL had unusually large prominent granules, but the diagnosis was confirmed by flow cytometry. Using structured illumination microscopy (SIM), we obtained high resolution images of the granules in the lymphoblasts. With these high resolution images, we acquired detailed quantitative information on the morphology of these unusual cells. We compared the morphology of this unusual B-ALL case with granular acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases, standard B-ALL cases, and non-leukemic marrow

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6

Liu, Hongbing, Chunhua Liu, and Chang-an Wu. "Granular Computing Classification Algorithms Based on Distance Measures between Granules from the View of Set." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/656790.

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Granular computing classification algorithms are proposed based on distance measures between two granules from the view of set. Firstly, granules are represented as the forms of hyperdiamond, hypersphere, hypercube, and hyperbox. Secondly, the distance measure between two granules is defined from the view of set, and the union operator between two granules is formed to obtain the granule set including the granules with different granularity. Thirdly the threshold of granularity determines the union between two granules and is used to form the granular computing classification algorithms based

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7

Xi, Limeng, Wenli Huang, Binbin Sun, Fansheng Meng, and Shiguo Gu. "Effects of illumination time on biological community of algal-bacterial granules and lipid content." Environmental Engineering Research 27, no. 6 (2021): 210334–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/eer.2021.334.

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Synthetic wastewater was used to culture granular sludge for 21 weeks at three sequencing batch reactor activated sludge process (SBR) under different photoperiods. The growth of algae changed granular oxygen distribution, which affected the composition of microbial communities. Different photoperiods were able to alter the formation of granular sludge and the microbial community granules. In short photoperiod (12 h/d) sludge could generate symbiotic algae-bacteria granules in the SBR. By contrast, the long photoperiod (24 h/d) promotes the growth of algae and Ascomycota early, and then inhibi

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8

Chen, Pei, Xiao Zhang, Nan Xiao, and Xue Hui Wu. "The Influence of Amylose and Amylopectin Characteristics on Phase Transition of Cornstarches Observed under Shearless Condition." Advanced Materials Research 554-556 (July 2012): 1170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.1170.

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The influence of amylose and amylopectin characteristics on phase transition of cornstarches under shearless condition was observed by SEM and CLSM. The change of internal structure of starch granules during heating were directly observed online. Brightness of starch granule indicates the degree of gelatinization. The brightness of all the starches decreased with increasing temperature, this change being initiated at the centre of granule. Thus it is clear that the gelatinization process starts at the hilum of the granules. The central area of the granule around the hilum is believed to be the

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9

Youssefian, Tayebeh, and Elisabeth M. Cramer. "Megakaryocyte dense granule components are sorted in multivesicular bodies." Blood 95, no. 12 (2000): 4004–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v95.12.4004.

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Abstract Recent studies suggest that multivesicular bodies are an intermediate stage in the formation of -granules. In contrast, the kinetics and mode of appearance of dense granules during megakaryocytic maturation has remained poorly understood. Immunoelectron microscopy was used to monitor the appearance of dense granular markers (granulophysin and serotonin) on cryosections of human megakaryocytes (MKs) cultured from CD34+ precursors. The monitoring was done on days 8 and 13 of culture. The data suggest that dense granules appear in immature MKs early during their maturation, concomitantl

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10

Youssefian, Tayebeh, and Elisabeth M. Cramer. "Megakaryocyte dense granule components are sorted in multivesicular bodies." Blood 95, no. 12 (2000): 4004–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v95.12.4004.010k03_4004_4007.

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Recent studies suggest that multivesicular bodies are an intermediate stage in the formation of -granules. In contrast, the kinetics and mode of appearance of dense granules during megakaryocytic maturation has remained poorly understood. Immunoelectron microscopy was used to monitor the appearance of dense granular markers (granulophysin and serotonin) on cryosections of human megakaryocytes (MKs) cultured from CD34+ precursors. The monitoring was done on days 8 and 13 of culture. The data suggest that dense granules appear in immature MKs early during their maturation, concomitantly with -

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11

Thammarakcharoen, Faungchat, Ariya Yampakdee, Bovornwut Buranawat, and Jintamai Suwanprateeb. "A Comparative Study of Granular Agglomeration between 3D Printed Hydroxyapatite and Commercial Bone Graft Granules." Key Engineering Materials 798 (April 2019): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.798.83.

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Granule characteristics and the agglomeration ability of 3D printed hydroxyapatite granules (3DP HA) when contacting water were compared to those of commercial bone graft granules based on hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate/collagen mixture (Sunmax). Microstructure, phase composition, water absorption and granular agglomeration of the granules were characterized. SEM showed that the granule sizes of Sunmax were in the range of 0.8-1.5 mm whereas that of 3DP HA was relatively more uniform at about 1 mm. 3DP HA granules comprised the weaving of numerous minute crystals containing large pores

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12

Yoda, M., and S. Nishimura. "Controlling granular sludge floatation in UASB reactors." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 6-7 (1997): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0588.

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Granule floatation may occur at higher organic loadings, resulting in a loss of active granules and a decrease in the treatment capacity of UASB reactors. Granular sludge sampled from full-scale UASB reactors was studied to investigate the mechanism of granule floatation. It was found that granules float due to the buoyant force created by the gas bubbles entrapped in the hollow spaces of granules. Two hypotheses on the mechanisms of hollowing were presented, and in order to prevent granule floatation, the protocol, i.e., grinding of floating granules by a mechanical device and dosing of Fe in

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13

Klasinc, Aljaž, Gregor Drago Zupančič, Matjaž Hriberšek, Aleš Hribernik, Aleksandra Lobnik, and Matej Zadravec. "Experimental and Mathematical Investigation of Anaerobic Granulate Density via Settling Velocity." Processes 10, no. 9 (2022): 1833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10091833.

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The objective of this study was to determine the density of anaerobic granules on different heights of a full-scale Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed reactor. The density was defined through the settling velocities of anaerobic granules, measured in a full-scale Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed reactor. In this study, granular density was calculated with the measured settling velocities and developed mathematical model. The developed mathematical model is based on the Stokes model. In the experiment, granules were taken from different heights of an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed reactor, from 0.6 to 7.6 m.

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14

Skott, O. "Do osmotic forces play a role in renin secretion?" American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 255, no. 1 (1988): F1—F10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1988.255.1.f1.

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Secretory granules swell during exocytosis. Swelling may follow fusion and assist in extrusion of the granular content, or swelling may cause granular fusion with the plasmalemma. A granular proton gradient has been suggested to be involved in such preexocytic granular swelling. Exocytosis of renin from juxtaglomerular cells of isolated preparations is very sensitive to changes in the extracellular osmolality. Extracellular hyposmolality causes swelling of secretory granules, fusions between peripherally located granules and plasmalemma, and an increased number of release episodes. Induction o

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15

Dong, Xiuqin, Sheng Wang, and Zhongfeng Geng. "CFD Simulation on Hydrodynamic Behaviors of Anaerobic Granule Swarms." Processes 7, no. 12 (2019): 880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7120880.

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An internal circulation (IC) anaerobic reactor is widely used in the treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater with high volumetric loading rates. The performance of an IC reactor is closely related with hydrodynamic behaviors of anaerobic granules. Typically, anaerobic granules work in swarms and the settling behavior of a granule is disturbed by other granules. However, the research on anaerobic granule swarms is insufficient. In this work, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method was employed to study the hydrodynamic behaviors of anaerobic granule swarms with various voidages. The

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16

Teobaldi, Andrés Gustavo, Esteban Josué Carrillo Parra, Gabriela Noel Barrera, and Pablo Daniel Ribotta. "The Properties of Damaged Starch Granules: The Relationship Between Granule Structure and Water–Starch Polymer Interactions." Foods 14, no. 1 (2024): 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14010021.

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The morphology of wheat starch granules with different damaged starch (DS) content was analyzed using a particle size analyzer and scanning electron microscopy (SEM); the granular structure was studied using FT-IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD); and the granule–water interaction was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic vapor sorption (DVS). The increase in the level of DS shifted the population of B-type granules towards larger particle diameters and shifted the population of A-type granules towards smaller particle diameters. The appearance of the surface of the

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17

Yang, Xiyang, Shiqing Zhang, Xinjun Zhang, and Fusheng Yu. "Polynomial Fuzzy Information Granule-Based Time Series Prediction." Mathematics 10, no. 23 (2022): 4495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10234495.

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Fuzzy information granulation transfers the time series analysis from the numerical platform to the granular platform, which enables us to study the time series at a different granularity. In previous studies, each fuzzy information granule in a granular time series can reflect the average, range, and linear trend characteristics of the data in the corresponding time window. In order to get a more general information granule, this paper proposes polynomial fuzzy information granules, each of which can reflect both the linear trend and the nonlinear trend of the data in a time window. The dista

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18

Gonzalez-Gil, Graciela, and Christof Holliger. "Aerobic Granules: Microbial Landscape and Architecture, Stages, and Practical Implications." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 11 (2014): 3433–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00250-14.

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ABSTRACTFor the successful application of aerobic granules in wastewater treatment, granules containing an appropriate microbial assembly able to remove contaminants should be retained and propagated within the reactor. To manipulate and/or optimize this process, a good understanding of the formation and dynamic architecture of the granules is desirable. Models of granules often assume a spherical shape with an outer layer and an inner core, but limited information is available regarding the extent of deviations from such assumptions. We report on new imaging approaches to gain detailed insigh

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19

Schreiber, Marvin M., Michael V. Hickman, and Gordon D. Vail. "Efficacy of Starch-Encapsulated Formulations of Atrazine Containing Two or Three Herbicides in Same Granule." Weed Technology 8, no. 1 (1994): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00039282.

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Field experiments were conducted in 1990, 1991, and 1992 to evaluate and compare the efficacy of commercial herbicide formulations with starch encapsulated granules that contain one, two, or three herbicides. Atrazine in combination with alachlor or metolachlor composed the two-component granules and the addition of dicamba to both composed the three-component granules. All starch-encapsulated formulations were produced by twin screw extrusion technology and evaluated in two granule sizes, 1.4 to 0.5-mm (14 to 20 mesh) and 0.85 to 0.43-mm (20 to 40 mesh). Active ingredient rates applied were s

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Chen, Fanxiu, Yuxin Liu, Yuan Wang, Yanji Gu, Yang Yu, and Jie Sun. "Deformation and Force Chain of Two-Dimensional Granular Systems under Continuous Loading." Materials 16, no. 15 (2023): 5441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16155441.

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A continuous loading experiment of a two-dimensional granular system was carried out and the experimental data were obtained by digital image correlation (DIC). The deformation field of the granular system and the changing laws of the deflection angle and coordination number of the granules on force chains with time were obtained. Based on the granule element method, the quantitative calculation of contact force was realized, and the internal force chains of the granular system were identified. The effects of contact force between granules and mechanical parameters on the evolution of force ch

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21

Son, Yeong Jun, Tai Joo Chung та Kyung Sik Oh. "Brushite Bone Cement Prepared from Granular Hydroxyapatite and β-Tricalcium Phosphate". Key Engineering Materials 720 (листопад 2016): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.720.153.

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The properties of brushite cement were manipulated by partially replacing β-tricalcium phosphate with dense granular hydroxyapatite (HA). The introduction of HA granules resulted in prolonged setting time as well as reduction of temperature rise during setting. The changes produced by addition of HA granule were useful for drug loading. HA granules, prepared by spray drying, could preserve a meaningful 4.5 wt% of gentamicin sulfate solution. However, HA granules with excessive setting agent resulted in formation of dicalcium phosphate instead of brushite.

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Torres Escalante, Luis Miguel, Koichiro Hayashi, and Kunio Ishikawa. "Migration Prevention of Carbonate Apatite Granules Through Crystal Interlocking Driven by Bassanite-to-Gypsum Transformation on Granule Surface." Applied Sciences 14, no. 23 (2024): 11261. https://doi.org/10.3390/app142311261.

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Granular bone substitutes are commonly used in dental treatments owing to their adaptability to irregular bone defects. However, granule migration during and after implantation poses a significant challenge, impairing bone regeneration. This study addresses this issue by setting carbonate apatite (CAp) granules using crystal interlocking owing to the bassanite (calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH))-to-gypsum (calcium sulfate dihydrate (CSD)) transformation on the granule surface. CAp granules were mixed with CSH slurry (water/CSH ratio of 0.4) at varying CSH/CAp ratios of 0.33, 0.43, 0.54, 0.67,

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Liu, Hongbing, Fan Zhang, Ran Li, and Chang-an Wu. "Isolation-based hyperbox granular classification computing." Journal of Algorithms & Computational Technology 11, no. 2 (2016): 110–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748301816676818.

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Bottom-up and top-down are two main computing models in granular computing by which the granule set including granules with different granularities. The top-down hyperbox granular computing classification algorithm based on isolation, or IHBGrC for short, is proposed in the framework of top-down computing model. Algorithm IHBGrC defines a novel function to measure the distance between two hyperbox hgranules, which is used to judge the inclusion relation between two hyperbox granules, the meet operation is used to isolate the ith class data from the other class data, and the hyperbox granule is

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Gunning, William T., Meera Raghavan, Edward P. Calomeni, et al. "A Morphometric Analysis of Platelet Dense Granules of Patients with Unexplained Bleeding: A New Entity of Delta-Microgranular Storage Pool Deficiency." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 6 (2020): 1734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9061734.

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One thousand and eighty patients, having prolonged bleeding times, frequent epistaxis, menorrhagia or easy bruising or other bleeding manifestations, and excluding those with von Willebrand’s disease, were evaluated for platelet dense granule deficiency. The mean diameter of platelet dense granules was determined for all patients using image analysis. Four hundred and ninety-nine had “classic” dense (delta) granule storage pool deficiency (δ-SPD). Five hundred and eighty-one individuals (53.8%) were found to have a normal mean number of dense granules, but for some of these patients, the dense

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Peti-Peterdi, János, Attila Fintha, Amanda L. Fuson, Albert Tousson, and Robert H. Chow. "Real-time imaging of renin release in vitro." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 287, no. 2 (2004): F329—F335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00420.2003.

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Renin release from juxtaglomerular granular cells is considered the rate-limiting step in activation of the renin-angiotensin system that helps to maintain body salt and water balance. Available assays to measure renin release are complex, indirect, and work with significant internal errors. To directly visualize and study the dynamics of both the release and tissue activity of renin, we isolated and perfused afferent arterioles with attached glomeruli dissected from rabbit kidneys and used multiphoton fluorescence imaging. Acidotropic fluorophores, such as quinacrine and LysoTrackers, clearly

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Zou, Guilian, Bo Yang, Jiangmiao Yu, Susu Yang, and Qi Chen. "Strength Formation and Failure Mechanism Analysis of Cement-Stabilized Laterite Granules Based on Numerical Simulation." Buildings 13, no. 12 (2023): 3093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13123093.

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The poor grading and significant differences in the mechanical properties of laterite granules in West Africa limit the application of this typical material in road structures. In this paper, the poorly graded laterite granule was blended with fine sand and stabilized with cement to improve the strength of laterite granules. An innovative combination of laboratory tests and numerical simulation analysis using the numerical simulation software PFC2D 5.0 was used to investigate the cement-stabilized laterite granule’s strength formation and failure mechanisms. Laboratory test results show that w

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Tranah, Thomas H., Godhev K. Manakkat Vijay, Jennifer M. Ryan, R. Daniel Abeles, Paul K. Middleton, and Debbie L. Shawcross. "Dysfunctional neutrophil effector organelle mobilization and microbicidal protein release in alcohol-related cirrhosis." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 313, no. 3 (2017): G203—G211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00112.2016.

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Patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis (ALD) are prone to infection. Circulating neutrophils in ALD are dysfunctional and predict development of sepsis, organ dysfunction, and survival. Neutrophil granules are important effector organelles containing a toxic array of microbicidal proteins, whose controlled release is required to kill microorganisms while minimizing inflammation and damage to host tissue. We investigated the role of these granular responses in contributing to immune disarray in ALD. Neutrophil granular content and mobilization were measured by flow cytometric quantitation of c

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Yun, Geumhee, Zuwhan Yun, Young Kim, and Kyungjin Han. "Factors Affecting the Morphology of Granular Sludge in Phosphorus-Accumulating Organism (PAO) and Denitrifying PAO (DPAO) Sequencing Batch Reactors." Water 15, no. 23 (2023): 4108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15234108.

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This study aimed to investigate the influencing factors and characteristics of granule morphology through approximately 500 d of long-term monitoring of two types of anaerobic–aerobic phosphorus-accumulating organism (PAO) and anaerobic–anoxic denitrifying PAO (DPAO) sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). The results show that granules were present in the DPAO SBR and PAO SBR after 200 d and 250 d of operation, respectively. The average diameters of the granules were 2.2 ± 0.7 mm in the DPAO SBR and 0.4 ± 0.3 mm in the PAO SBR, respectively. The DPAO granular sludge contained rod-shaped microorgani

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Wang, Hongwei, Huilai Zhi, and Yinan Li. "Approximate Description of Indefinable Granules Based on Classical and Three-Way Concept Lattices." Mathematics 13, no. 4 (2025): 672. https://doi.org/10.3390/math13040672.

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Granule description is a fundamental problem in granular computing. However, how to describe indefinable granules is still an open, interesting, and important problem. The main objective of this paper is to give a preliminary solution to this problem. Before proceeding, the framework of approximate description is introduced. That is, any indefinable granule is characterized by an ordered pair of formulas, which form an interval set, where the first formula is the β-prior approximate optimal description and the second formula is the α-prior approximate optimal description. More concretely, give

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Zhou, Jun, Hongyu Wang, Kai Yang, Fang Ma, and Bin Lv. "Optimization of operation conditions for preventing sludge bulking and enhancing the stability of aerobic granular sludge in sequencing batch reactors." Water Science and Technology 70, no. 9 (2014): 1519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.406.

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Sludge bulking caused by loss of stability is a major problem in aerobic granular sludge systems. This study investigated the feasibility of preventing sludge bulking and enhancing the stability of aerobic granular sludge in a sequencing batch reactor by optimizing operation conditions. Five operation parameters have been studied with the aim to understand their impact on sludge bulking. Increasing dissolved oxygen (DO) by raising aeration rates contributed to granule stability due to the competition advantage of non-filamentous bacteria and permeation of oxygen at high DO concentration. The r

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Lowithun, Ngamjit, Leonard M. C. Sagis, and Namfone Lumdubwong. "Impact of Deformability and Rigidity of Starch Granules on Linear and Non-Linear Rheological Behavior of Waxy Rice Starch Gels and Applicability for Food End Uses." Foods 13, no. 12 (2024): 1864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13121864.

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The objective of this study was to investigate granule size and distribution and deformability of granules and their effect on the rheological properties of waxy starch gels. Native (granular) waxy rice gels (10%) were prepared, and their response in oscillatory shear was investigated in the linear and non-linear viscoelastic regime. The results show the gels were mainly composed of aggregated and deformed swollen granules. Significance of granule size and its distribution, deformability of granules, and the molecular characteristics of amylopectin (AP) on storage modulus of those gels was dem

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Zhang, Xiufang, Yongqiang Liu, Jun Li, Zhuo Wei, Wenyan Duan, and Fangyuan Chen. "Enhancing Effects of Sludge Biochar on Aerobic Granular Sludge for Wastewater Treatment." Processes 10, no. 11 (2022): 2385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10112385.

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Sludge biochar can be used as bio-carrier to enhance aerobic granular sludge, however, its impact on the formation and especially long-term stability of aerobic granules has not been fully investigated. In this paper, aerobic granular sludge was cultivated in two parallel sequencing batch reactors (SBRs), R1 and R2, with and without sludge biochar addition in the activated sludge inoculum, respectively. The sludge characteristics, wastewater treatment performance, and microbial community structure of granular sludge were examined on a 240-day operation, during which aerobic granular sludge in

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Li, Zhong Sheng, Tong Cheng Huang, Niu Li, and Ze Su Cai. "A Sensation Model for Color Images’ Cognition." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 1489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.1489.

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It’s a new idea to make computers be able to obtain “sensations” from a color image through some unsupervised ways. To let the idea come into true, a granule-based model, based on granular computing(GrC) which is a new way to simulate human thinking to help solve complicated problems in the field of computational intelligence, is proposed for color image processing. First, this paper deems data a hypercube, defines two new concepts, attribute granules(AtG) and connected granules(CoG), and presents the definitions of the granule-based model. Then, in order to fulfill the granule-based model, th

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Meng, Fanjing, Kun Liu, and Tao Qin. "Experimental investigations of force transmission characteristics in granular flow lubrication." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 70, no. 7 (2018): 1151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-07-2017-0211.

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Purpose Granular lubrication is a new lubrication method and can be used in extreme working conditions; however, the obstacle of force transmission characteristics needs to be urgently solved to fully understand the mechanical and bearing mechanisms of granular lubrication. Design/methodology/approach A flat sliding friction cell is developed to study the force transmission behaviors of granules under shearing. Granular material, sliding velocity, granule size and granule humidity are considered in these experiments. The measured normal and shear force, which is transmitted from the bottom fri

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Jotautienė, Eglė, Vaidas Bivainis, Davut Karayel, and Ramūnas Mieldažys. "Theoretical and Experimental Verification of the Physical–Mechanical Properties of Organic Bone Meal Granular Fertilizers." Agronomy 14, no. 6 (2024): 1171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14061171.

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Continuous efforts are being made to improve fertilizer efficiency by improving fertilizer technology, quality, and application rates. Granular organic fertilizers are more difficult to achieve uniform application because their physical–mechanical properties differ significantly from mineral fertilizers. The properties of granular organic fertilizers can best be determined experimentally. However, these studies are often quite complex. Modern engineering modeling software makes it possible to model the properties of granular fertilizers and their dispersion. This study deals with the theoretic

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Möhn, H., V. Le Cabec, S. Fischer, and I. Maridonneau-Parini. "The src-family protein-tyrosine kinase p59hck is located on the secretory granules in human neutrophils and translocates towards the phagosome during cell activation." Biochemical Journal 309, no. 2 (1995): 657–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3090657.

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The src-family protein-tyrosine kinase p59hck is mainly expressed in neutrophils; however, its functional role in these cells is unknown. Several other src-family members are localized on secretory vesicles and have been proposed to regulate intracellular traffic. We have established here the subcellular localization of p59hck in human neutrophils. Immunoblotting of subcellular fractions showed that approx. 60% of the p59hck per cell is localized on the secretory granules; the other 40% is distributed equally between non-granular membranes and the cytosol. Immunofluorescence of neutrophils and

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Perelman, Rebecca T., Andreas Schmidt, Umar Khan, and Nils G. Walter. "Spontaneous Confinement of mRNA Molecules at Biomolecular Condensate Boundaries." Cells 12, no. 18 (2023): 2250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12182250.

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Cellular biomolecular condensates, termed ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules, are often enriched in messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules relative to the surrounding cytoplasm. Yet, the spatial localization and diffusion of mRNAs in close proximity to phase separated RNP granules are not well understood. In this study, we performed single-molecule fluorescence imaging experiments of mRNAs in live cells in the presence of two types of RNP granules, stress granules (SGs) and processing bodies (PBs), which are distinct in their molecular composition and function. We developed a photobleaching- and noise-c

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Fouilleux, Georges, Cécile Revellin, and Gérard Catroux. "Short-term recovery of Bradyrhizobium japonicum during an inoculation process using mineral microgranules." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 40, no. 4 (1994): 322–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m94-053.

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Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) can be inoculated by delivering inoculant mixed with mineral microgranules to the seedbed. An average decline of 0.61 log units in the number of viable Bradyrhizobium japonicum was found during the 1sth, using available commercial inoculants and granules. These losses were shown to be influenced by inoculant type (peat based, liquid, lyophilized) and granule type. When mixed with granules, a peat-based inoculant was found to be desiccated immediately and subjected to a water potential as low as −170 MPa. Bradyrhizobium japonicum recovery was improved when the m

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Hotskiy, Ya G., and A. R. Stepaniuk. "CREATION OF GRANULAR COMPOSITE MATERIALS WITH MULTILAYER STRUCTURE." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 3 (September 20, 2020): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.3.2020.05.

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Granular products are widely used in many industries for the production of catalysts in oil refining and organic synthesis, drugs, food products, fertilizer production, etc. The main advantages of granular products are ease of operation and storage. Depending on the morphological structure, the granules obtained as a result of the technological process are divided into one-component, single-layer, composite-coated granule, multilayer granule, frame granule, and combinations thereof. In this paper, we consider, as an example, the technological basis of granulation of aqueous solutions of ammoni

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Wang, Wei, and Sheng Wu Xiong. "Research of Logical Reasoning and Application Based on Granular Computing Rough Sets." Advanced Materials Research 622-623 (December 2012): 1877–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.622-623.1877.

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In this paper, the information granule based on granular computing is discussed, the granular computing formula of IS (Information System) uncertainties reasoning based Rough and its processes have been proposed. The fish disease diagnostic information data are fuzziness, randomness and uncertainties in the field of aquaculture. The logical reasoning algorithms are described using fuzzy decision table, which is composed of the condition attributes granules formed by the fish disease symptoms sets and decision granules formed by the fish diseases sets. This method is that fish disease diagnosti

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Park, K. Y., D. Y. Kim, and T. H. Chung. "Granulation in an upflow anaerobic sequencing batch reactor treating disintegrated waste activated sludge." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 12 (2005): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0439.

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An upflow anaerobic reactor operated with a sequencing batch mode to enhance high rate digestion of raw and thermally disintegrated waste activated sludge with formation of granules. The gas production rate doubled when disintegrated waste activated sludge was introduced. Gradual granulation took place and the dispersed particles become coarse granulation as the operation continued. The granular sludge showed relatively higher specific methanogenic activity than the dispersed sludge. Bacterial morphology by a scanning electron microscope showed diversity of bacteria such as filamentous, rod an

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Liu, Yanxiao, Chaowei Jiang, Ding Yuan, Pingbing Zuo, Yi Wang, and Wenda Cao. "Investigations of Sizes and Dynamical Motions of Solar Photospheric Granules by a Novel Granular Segmenting Algorithm." Astrophysical Journal 923, no. 2 (2021): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac2dfd.

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Abstract Granules observed in the solar photosphere are believed to be convective and turbulent, but the physical picture of the granular dynamical process remains unclear. Here we performed an investigation of granular dynamical motions of full length scales based on data obtained by the 1 m New Vacuum Solar Telescope and the 1.6 m Goode Solar Telescope. We developed a new granule segmenting method, which can detect both small faint and large bright granules. A large number of granules were detected, and two critical sizes, 265 and 1420 km, were found to separate the granules into three lengt

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Mitsyk, Аndrii, Vladimir Fedorovich, and Yevgeniy Ostroverkh. "PURPOSE AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF GRANULAR MEDIA FOR VIBRATION FINISHING AND GRINDING PROCESSING." Cutting & Tools in Technological System, no. 99 (November 21, 2023): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2078-7405.2023.99.10.

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The purpose and characteristics of granular working media used in vibration processing operations are given. It is indicated that the purpose of granular media is their contact interaction with the processed part surface under conditions of various energy parameters. This interaction is accompanied by elastic-plastic deformation, micro-cutting, adhesion and mechanic-chemical processes. Indicators of technological and operational properties for various types of granular media are given, including the intensity of material removal from the processed surface, cutting ability, wear resistance and

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Zhang, Jun Cui, and Li Cheng Wang. "Experimental Study on the Crushing Process of Granular Layer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 662–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.662.

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In order to make clear the effect of material on the vibration crusher which is a rigid-loose coupling dynamics system, a crushing experiment of limestone granules was made. The limestone granules were restricted in a rigid metal containers, and they were crushed by the pressure from the press. The constitutive relation-nonlinear hysteresis of granules in the crushing process is gained. The effect of the maximum pressure and the granular layer thickness on the constitutive relation and granule size distribution is obtained. The relation between energy absorption and crushing ratio is acquired.

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Garcia-Montero, A. C., I. De Dios, A. I. Rodriguez, A. Orfao, and M. A. Manso. "Adrenalectomy induces a decrease in the light scatter properties and amylase content of isolated zymogen granules from rat pancreas as analyzed by flow cytometry." Journal of Endocrinology 147, no. 3 (1995): 431–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1470431.

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Abstract The effect of glucocorticoid deprivation induced in male rats by adrenalectomy on the pancreatic zymogen granules was studied. Zymogen granules were purified from control, sham-operated and adrenalectomized animals studied 1, 3 and 7 days after surgery. The zymogen granules were characterized by flow cytometry, and in each granule the size (based on the forward or low angle light scatter (FSC) parameter), membrane complexity (based on side or 90° light scatter (SSC) parameter) and amylase content were evaluated. Amylase content/DNA ratio in pancreatic homogenates was also analyzed. Th

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Soloveva, Olga V., Sergei A. Solovev, and Ruzil R. Yafizov. "Numerical Simulation of the Aerosol Particle Motion in Granular Filters with Solid and Porous Granules." Processes 9, no. 2 (2021): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9020268.

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In this work, a study was carried out to compare the filtering and hydrodynamic properties of granular filters with solid spherical granules and spherical granules with modifications in the form of micropores. We used the discrete element method (DEM) to construct the geometry of the filters. Models of granular filters with spherical granules with diameters of 3, 4, and 5 mm, and with porosity values of 0.439, 0.466, and 0.477, respectively, were created. The results of the numerical simulation are in good agreement with the experimental data of other authors. We created models of granular fil

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Moradifar, R., A. Rahi, M. H. Kadivar, F. Eslami, and S. Salimi. "The Mechanical Strength of Granular Sulphur and its Relation to Size Distribution and Storage Silo Clogging." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.83.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of particle size distribution on the mechanical properties of granular sulphur and its relation to silo blockage at South Pars Gas Complex Phases 2 & 3. Solid elemental sulphur is a relatively hard, friable crystalline material that tends to break up into smaller particles when subjected to force or stress of any magnitude. Conglomeration of the dust so produced clogs storage silos, making truck loading difficult. Grain size selection is based on the “friability value” and “maximum entropy” for granules in a static state. The model of

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Wei, Zhen Hai, Meng Shu Wang, and Ding Li Zhang. "Homogenization Analysis Model for Granule System by Introducing Shape Parameters." Advanced Materials Research 581-582 (October 2012): 632–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.581-582.632.

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The macroscopic static analysis of granule system performance in Literature [1] considered the position, direction and scale of the connection between granules in the system and other relevant physical properties. Taylor linear expansion was adopted to analyze the geometric displacement of the connection formed by granules. However, for the more complex granular connection in the form of network, the geometric position of granular connection in the statistical domain is linearly approximated, which may result in considerable calculation errors. In the complex network structure formed by granul

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Abzalov, Nail, Boris Seplyarskii, Roman Kochetkov, Tatiana Lisina, and Mikhail Alymov. "Synthesis of the TiC + 20 % NiCr composite from a granular mixture." Journal of Advanced Materials and Technologies 8, no. 4 (2023): 324–32. https://doi.org/10.17277/jamt.2023.04.pp.324-332.

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For the first time, the synthesis of the TiC + 20 % NiCr composite from a granular mixture with titanium of different dispersion, containing different amounts of impurity gases, was carried out. The features of the combustion process of a granular charge are explained by its structure – the presence of physically separated cells (granules) with a powder mixture, which can ignite because of conductive heat transfer from granule to granule or convective heating by gas released from the charge. The combustion front in the powder and granular charge based on titanium with a smaller characteristic

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Košmelj, Katarina, Anton Cedilnik, Peter Veranič, et al. "INTERGRANULE FUSION IN RAT PARS INTERMEDIA CELLS." Image Analysis & Stereology 20, no. 2 (2011): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5566/ias.v20.p79-85.

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Using electron microscopy, we studied the morphology of secretory granules in rat pars intermedia cells. We found figures of apparent intergranule fusion, characterized by a tight association of two granules. The fusion was detected in around 2% of all measured granules, indicating a low occurrence of intergranule fusion. To study whether intergranule fusion affects the distribution of granule diameters a simple probabilistic model was developed. It is based on the theory that larger granules are formed by fusion of two or more spherical granules of fixed size, and that the surface of a newly

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