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Academic literature on the topic 'Granulocytes neutrophiles – Dissertations universitaires'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Granulocytes neutrophiles – Dissertations universitaires"
Ferrer-Lopez, Pablo. "Rôle de la cathepsine G dans l'interaction polynucléaire neutrophiles-plaquettes : influence des antiproteases." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05CD03.
Full textElbim, Carole. "Interactions des cytosines proinflammatoires avec le polynucléaire neutrophile humain." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05CD09.
Full textReboul, Angéline. "Rôle des systèmes à deux composants dans le cycle de la peste." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL2S038.
Full textPlague bacillus, Yersinia pestis has a parasitic lifestyle in which it is mainly transmitted between mammilian hosts through the bite of infected fleas, and in rare cases through infected droplets. Thus, Yersinia pestis must rapidly sense and respond to wide and brutal changes of its environment in order to survive. We aimed at decipher the role of two component regulatory systems in plague, as they are known to be key players in bacterial adaptation to the environment. In addition to the already described PhoP-PhoQ system, we found out that four systems are required for plague cycle. We showed that one of these systems is important for an optimal colonization of the flea's digestive tract, while the three others are required for biofilm production, an essential step in the bacillus transmission by the fleas. We also found out that OmpR-EnvZ, in addition to PhoP-PhoQ, is the only one to be important to produce bubonic, septicemic and pulmonary plague. Our in vitro, ex-vivo and in vivo works suggest that the OmpR-EnvZ system would be to protect bacterial against toxic effectors that are produced by polymorphonuclear leukocytes all along the infectious process
Bousaleh, Mohamed. "Définir de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques pour l´hépatite alcoolique : nécessité d´une approche translationnelle." Thesis, Lille 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2S041.
Full textAlcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a complex disease associated to a poor prognosis. The therapeutic arsenal is limited to corticosteroid treatment. However, 40% of patients do not respond to the treatment and liver transplantation represents the last option for their survival. AH is characterized by a large infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), and paradoxically the infection of these patients is a frequent event related to mortality. On the other hand, our group has demonstrated in AH an important defect of hepatic regeneration characterized by a decrease in hepatocytes proliferation, and the formation of ductular reaction. The aim of our study was to determine the cellular mechanisms causing the defect of liver regeneration in AH, to explore the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the interaction of the PMN and hepatocytes, and to evaluate the migratory capacity of the PMN.Our work has highlighted the Hippo/YAP pathway as profoundly altered during AH. The effector YAP was aberrantly activated in AH hepatocytes. This led to the dedifferentiation and the loss of function of hepatocytes. The treatment of AH-isolated hepatocytes by the YAP inhibitor, dobutamine, limited the dedifferentiation process. Targeting YAP appears as an innovative strategy for AH management. Our work also identified the NOD1 pathway as a major actor in the PNN/hepatocyte interaction through expression of adhesion molecules. Our results suggest that NOD1 is an interesting target to limit PMN-induced liver injury. In addition, during AH, deregulation of the IL33 / sST2 pathway was involved in PNN migration. We have demonstrated a decrease in the migratory capacity of circulating PMNs. The treatment of PMN by IL33 was able to compensate for this migratory defect, which represents an interesting tool to prevent infectious risks during AH
Freitas, Caires Nathalie de. "Etude de la dégradation d'endocan par les neutrophiles et implication dans le sepsis." Lille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL2S035.
Full textKahhak, Larbi. "Rôle du PAF-Acéther dans les phénomènes allergiques : 1/ activation du basophile par l'intermédiaire du sérum humain, 2/ effets sur la fonction mucociliaire." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05CD02.
Full textRamadan, Abdulraouf. "Le rôle des basophiles et effets régulateurs induit par les probiotiques dans le modèle expérimental d'asthme allergique." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T024.
Full textWe have shown here that non-pathogenic microorganisms such as probiotics can protect mice from experimental allergic asthma. We have observed that oral administration of the preparation containing lactobacillus, bifidobacterium and spretococcus prevents from allergic asthma induced by ovalbumin as shown by the decreased broncho-hyperactivity, the eosmophilia in the bronchoalveolar liquid (BAL) and the production of Th2 type cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) and chemokines (eotaxin) in the lungs. Probiotic administration also decreased the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-17 and TNFα in sera and increased the frequency of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+T cells in the spleen. In addition, we have shown that the asthma protection was MyD88- and IL-10-dependent. We have also analyzed the potential role and activation of basophils in experimental allergic asthma. We have demonstrated by adoptive transfer and by depletion of these cells the role of basophils in this model. We have further characterized the double-stranded RNA poly(A:U) as a potent agonist of purified murine basophils since it induced a strong IL-4, IL-6, IL-13 and histamine production in vitro. Poly(A:U). Which is described as TLR3/TLR7 ligand, activated basophils through the RIG-I/CARDIF pathway. The relevance of this stimulation has been illustrated in the model of allergic asthma, since poly(A:U)-activated basophils exacerbated asthma responses by increasing TH2 cytokine and chemokine production in lungs as well as eosinophilia in the BAL. We suggest that this mechanism may account for the aggravating effect of respiratory viral infections well known in asthma patients
Lavisse, Charlotte. "Implication des macrophages M1/M2 dans les pathologies vasculaires et valvulaires humaines." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S063/document.
Full textCardiovascular disease, as a result of atherosclerosis, are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in the world and see their incidence and severity increase with the expansion of their major risk factors, such as age, obesity and diabetes. Aortic valve stenosis, valve disease most frequently encountered in Western countries mainly in the old subject, shares strong similarities with vascular atherosclerosis. Indeed, atherosclerotic plaques and valvular lesions are the site of inflammation, angiogenesis, fibrosis and calcification processes. Macrophages, from monocytes infiltrated tissue differentiation, play a key role in the development of vascular atherosclerotic lesions and their future. Their role in the inflammatory state of the lesions is now well established with recent publications that report on plastic properties of macrophages, according to their microenvironment. Two major subtypes of macrophages have been described in the atherosclerotic plaques, classically (M1) or alternatively (M2) activated macrophages. Their respective role in thrombogenicity, proteolysis and angiogenesis processes involved in plaque instability, have been less studied. In contrast, macrophages are not disclosed in the valve, compared to the valvular interstitial cells (VIC), which are crucial for the maintenance of homeostasis and the valvular function and are involved in the fibrosis and rigidity of the valvular leaflets. My thesis aims to study the roles of macrophages M1/M2 in vascular and valvular pathologies in humans. We focused on their roles in the instability of atherosclerotic plaque (haemostatic or clotting process and vascular remodeling) and valvular fibrosis and their phenotypic modulation by other cell types present in the lesions, neutrophils (PNN) in the plaque or VIC in the valve.Our results suggest that the M1 and M2 macrophages may differently modulate major pathophysiological processes of atherosclerosis. In addition, M1 macrophages from diabetic patients have a deleterious phenotype that could explain the increased vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques observed in these subjects. About valvular pathology, after characterized histologically M1/M2 in human aortic valves, we have shown that the M1 macrophages are involved in the progression of fibrosis through the modulation of their secretory repertoire by VIC.This work provides new clues about the pathophysiological processes involved in vascular and valvular diseases. It focuses on the deleterious role of M1 macrophages in diabetic subjects in vascular pathology and also identifies an unknown function of M1 in the progression of fibrosis associated with "cross-talk" with VIC. It will be necessary later to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions, which is expected to consider new therapeutic approaches to modulate the effect of this cell subtype in these diseases
Pham, Van Linh. "Modulation de la réponse immunitaire par des agonistes de la voie de signalisation TLR/IL - 1R dans le modèle d'asthme." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05T013.
Full textIn our experimental work focusing on the immunoregulation response in a model of asthma, we showed firstly that the basophils were activated by double-stranded RNA poly(A:U) and that this stimulation exacerbated asthmatic responses in vivo. We then investigated the modulation of asthmatic responses using natural and synthetic ligands of TLR/il1r signaling pathway. The results showed that R848, a synthetic TLR7 agonist which promotes Th1 antiviral responses, and IL-33, which is known to favor Th2 responses, activated NKT cells whose rapid and modulated production of cytokines suggested that these cells might have a modulatory effect in asthma. We demonstrated that NKT cells have a regulatory function on development and activity of newly identified Th17 cells. Finally we described the protective and suppressive effects by R848 in the model of asthma and showed that suppression effects were dependent on regulatory T cells and the TGF-β
Tazi, Abdellatif. "Les colony-stimulating factors dans les réponses immunitaires et inflammatoires pulmonaires." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05CD02.
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