Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Granulocytes neutrophiles – Dissertations universitaires'
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Ferrer-Lopez, Pablo. "Rôle de la cathepsine G dans l'interaction polynucléaire neutrophiles-plaquettes : influence des antiproteases." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05CD03.
Full textElbim, Carole. "Interactions des cytosines proinflammatoires avec le polynucléaire neutrophile humain." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05CD09.
Full textReboul, Angéline. "Rôle des systèmes à deux composants dans le cycle de la peste." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL2S038.
Full textPlague bacillus, Yersinia pestis has a parasitic lifestyle in which it is mainly transmitted between mammilian hosts through the bite of infected fleas, and in rare cases through infected droplets. Thus, Yersinia pestis must rapidly sense and respond to wide and brutal changes of its environment in order to survive. We aimed at decipher the role of two component regulatory systems in plague, as they are known to be key players in bacterial adaptation to the environment. In addition to the already described PhoP-PhoQ system, we found out that four systems are required for plague cycle. We showed that one of these systems is important for an optimal colonization of the flea's digestive tract, while the three others are required for biofilm production, an essential step in the bacillus transmission by the fleas. We also found out that OmpR-EnvZ, in addition to PhoP-PhoQ, is the only one to be important to produce bubonic, septicemic and pulmonary plague. Our in vitro, ex-vivo and in vivo works suggest that the OmpR-EnvZ system would be to protect bacterial against toxic effectors that are produced by polymorphonuclear leukocytes all along the infectious process
Bousaleh, Mohamed. "Définir de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques pour l´hépatite alcoolique : nécessité d´une approche translationnelle." Thesis, Lille 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2S041.
Full textAlcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a complex disease associated to a poor prognosis. The therapeutic arsenal is limited to corticosteroid treatment. However, 40% of patients do not respond to the treatment and liver transplantation represents the last option for their survival. AH is characterized by a large infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), and paradoxically the infection of these patients is a frequent event related to mortality. On the other hand, our group has demonstrated in AH an important defect of hepatic regeneration characterized by a decrease in hepatocytes proliferation, and the formation of ductular reaction. The aim of our study was to determine the cellular mechanisms causing the defect of liver regeneration in AH, to explore the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the interaction of the PMN and hepatocytes, and to evaluate the migratory capacity of the PMN.Our work has highlighted the Hippo/YAP pathway as profoundly altered during AH. The effector YAP was aberrantly activated in AH hepatocytes. This led to the dedifferentiation and the loss of function of hepatocytes. The treatment of AH-isolated hepatocytes by the YAP inhibitor, dobutamine, limited the dedifferentiation process. Targeting YAP appears as an innovative strategy for AH management. Our work also identified the NOD1 pathway as a major actor in the PNN/hepatocyte interaction through expression of adhesion molecules. Our results suggest that NOD1 is an interesting target to limit PMN-induced liver injury. In addition, during AH, deregulation of the IL33 / sST2 pathway was involved in PNN migration. We have demonstrated a decrease in the migratory capacity of circulating PMNs. The treatment of PMN by IL33 was able to compensate for this migratory defect, which represents an interesting tool to prevent infectious risks during AH
Freitas, Caires Nathalie de. "Etude de la dégradation d'endocan par les neutrophiles et implication dans le sepsis." Lille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL2S035.
Full textKahhak, Larbi. "Rôle du PAF-Acéther dans les phénomènes allergiques : 1/ activation du basophile par l'intermédiaire du sérum humain, 2/ effets sur la fonction mucociliaire." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05CD02.
Full textRamadan, Abdulraouf. "Le rôle des basophiles et effets régulateurs induit par les probiotiques dans le modèle expérimental d'asthme allergique." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T024.
Full textWe have shown here that non-pathogenic microorganisms such as probiotics can protect mice from experimental allergic asthma. We have observed that oral administration of the preparation containing lactobacillus, bifidobacterium and spretococcus prevents from allergic asthma induced by ovalbumin as shown by the decreased broncho-hyperactivity, the eosmophilia in the bronchoalveolar liquid (BAL) and the production of Th2 type cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) and chemokines (eotaxin) in the lungs. Probiotic administration also decreased the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-17 and TNFα in sera and increased the frequency of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+T cells in the spleen. In addition, we have shown that the asthma protection was MyD88- and IL-10-dependent. We have also analyzed the potential role and activation of basophils in experimental allergic asthma. We have demonstrated by adoptive transfer and by depletion of these cells the role of basophils in this model. We have further characterized the double-stranded RNA poly(A:U) as a potent agonist of purified murine basophils since it induced a strong IL-4, IL-6, IL-13 and histamine production in vitro. Poly(A:U). Which is described as TLR3/TLR7 ligand, activated basophils through the RIG-I/CARDIF pathway. The relevance of this stimulation has been illustrated in the model of allergic asthma, since poly(A:U)-activated basophils exacerbated asthma responses by increasing TH2 cytokine and chemokine production in lungs as well as eosinophilia in the BAL. We suggest that this mechanism may account for the aggravating effect of respiratory viral infections well known in asthma patients
Lavisse, Charlotte. "Implication des macrophages M1/M2 dans les pathologies vasculaires et valvulaires humaines." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S063/document.
Full textCardiovascular disease, as a result of atherosclerosis, are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in the world and see their incidence and severity increase with the expansion of their major risk factors, such as age, obesity and diabetes. Aortic valve stenosis, valve disease most frequently encountered in Western countries mainly in the old subject, shares strong similarities with vascular atherosclerosis. Indeed, atherosclerotic plaques and valvular lesions are the site of inflammation, angiogenesis, fibrosis and calcification processes. Macrophages, from monocytes infiltrated tissue differentiation, play a key role in the development of vascular atherosclerotic lesions and their future. Their role in the inflammatory state of the lesions is now well established with recent publications that report on plastic properties of macrophages, according to their microenvironment. Two major subtypes of macrophages have been described in the atherosclerotic plaques, classically (M1) or alternatively (M2) activated macrophages. Their respective role in thrombogenicity, proteolysis and angiogenesis processes involved in plaque instability, have been less studied. In contrast, macrophages are not disclosed in the valve, compared to the valvular interstitial cells (VIC), which are crucial for the maintenance of homeostasis and the valvular function and are involved in the fibrosis and rigidity of the valvular leaflets. My thesis aims to study the roles of macrophages M1/M2 in vascular and valvular pathologies in humans. We focused on their roles in the instability of atherosclerotic plaque (haemostatic or clotting process and vascular remodeling) and valvular fibrosis and their phenotypic modulation by other cell types present in the lesions, neutrophils (PNN) in the plaque or VIC in the valve.Our results suggest that the M1 and M2 macrophages may differently modulate major pathophysiological processes of atherosclerosis. In addition, M1 macrophages from diabetic patients have a deleterious phenotype that could explain the increased vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques observed in these subjects. About valvular pathology, after characterized histologically M1/M2 in human aortic valves, we have shown that the M1 macrophages are involved in the progression of fibrosis through the modulation of their secretory repertoire by VIC.This work provides new clues about the pathophysiological processes involved in vascular and valvular diseases. It focuses on the deleterious role of M1 macrophages in diabetic subjects in vascular pathology and also identifies an unknown function of M1 in the progression of fibrosis associated with "cross-talk" with VIC. It will be necessary later to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions, which is expected to consider new therapeutic approaches to modulate the effect of this cell subtype in these diseases
Pham, Van Linh. "Modulation de la réponse immunitaire par des agonistes de la voie de signalisation TLR/IL - 1R dans le modèle d'asthme." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05T013.
Full textIn our experimental work focusing on the immunoregulation response in a model of asthma, we showed firstly that the basophils were activated by double-stranded RNA poly(A:U) and that this stimulation exacerbated asthmatic responses in vivo. We then investigated the modulation of asthmatic responses using natural and synthetic ligands of TLR/il1r signaling pathway. The results showed that R848, a synthetic TLR7 agonist which promotes Th1 antiviral responses, and IL-33, which is known to favor Th2 responses, activated NKT cells whose rapid and modulated production of cytokines suggested that these cells might have a modulatory effect in asthma. We demonstrated that NKT cells have a regulatory function on development and activity of newly identified Th17 cells. Finally we described the protective and suppressive effects by R848 in the model of asthma and showed that suppression effects were dependent on regulatory T cells and the TGF-β
Tazi, Abdellatif. "Les colony-stimulating factors dans les réponses immunitaires et inflammatoires pulmonaires." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05CD02.
Full textPierre, François. "Rôle et fonction des gènes YPO2857 et YPO2371 dans la peste." Thesis, Lille 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL2S024.
Full textYersinia pestis (the agent of flea-borne plague) harbors genes encoding putative homologues of the respectively periplasmic and membrane-bound vertebrate lysozyme inhibitors Ivy and MliC. Both inhibitors are thought to control autolytic activity rather than protect bacteria against lysozyme molecules encountered during host infection. Here, we show that MliC was not required for lysozyme resistance and the development of plague. In contrast, Y. pestis required Ivy for lysozyme resistance when grown at 37°C but not at 21°C (the optimal temperature for flea-borne transmission). Deletion of ivy did not affect Y. pestis’ ability to grow in human serum or resist human macrophages but it did decrease resistance to human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Y. pestis lacking Ivy had attenuated virulence in rodent models of bubonic and pneumonic plague but was fully virulent in lysozyme M-deficient or GR1+ cell-depleted mice. Our results demonstrate the importance of vertebrate lysozyme inhibitors in bacterial pathogenesis and support a scenario in which Y. pestis deposited in the dermis produces Ivy to inhibit the lysozyme released by polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Our results also suggest that once Y. pestis is in the flea gut, it resists lysozyme via an Ivy-independent mechanism. Lastly, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (Y. pestis’ recent ancestor, which causes self-limited bowel disease in humans) did not require Ivy for lysozyme resistance or virulence. Thus, our study also shows that a gene which is not necessary for the virulence of an ancestral bacterium may become essential in the emergence of a new pathogen
Ducroquet, Aude. "Impact de la consommation chronique d’éthanol sur l’ischémie cérébrale : aspect clinique et aspect expérimental chez le rat." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S069/document.
Full textIschaemic stroke is a major cause of disability and death in Europe. Ethanol is a widely consumed drug and chronic ethanol consumption is a participating factor in ischaemic stroke (Reynolds et al., 2003). Chronic and excessive ethanol consumption is associated with an increased risk of mortality and morbidity from ischaemic stroke (Zhang et al., 2014). It may increase consequences of ischaemic brain injury in animals (Zhao et al., 2010, Lemarchand et al., 2015). Oxidative stress and glutamatergic excitotoxicity may play an important role in exacerbating ischaemic damage following chronic consumption of ethanol (Zhao et al., 2010; Zhao et al., 2011). The primary aim of my thesis was to assess whether chronic excessive ethanol consumption has a deleterious effect on ischaemic brain damage both in human and in a rat model. The secondary aim was to study the post-ischaemic inflammation in the brain and in the liver at short and intermediate terms. Wistar male rats were subjected to chronic administration of ethanol (10% or 35% v/v, 5ml/kg, twice per day, 4 weeks prior operation) or water (vehicle), followed by middle cerebral artery occlusion (OACM). The effects of ethanol ingestion on infarct volume, neurologic and motor deficits were determined at 24 hours (J1) and at 7 days (J7) of reperfusion. We quantified the number of activated microglia in the ipsilateral hemisphere and additionally measured the number of neutrophils and levels of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA in the ipsilateral hemisphere and liver. Further, we examined the steatosis by comparing oil-red coloration of J1, J7 and non-ischemic rats to assess the physiologic liver status in the 3 groups. Patients with supratentorial cerebral ischaemia were recruited within 48 hours of symptom onset. Heavy drinkers were defined by a weekly consumption of ≥300 g ethanol and severe ischaemic strokes (score≥6 according to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, NIHSS). The NIHSS score was evaluated within 48 hours. We performed measurements of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT, biomarker of chronic excessive ethanol consumption) and inflammatory markers plasmatic levels. Being a heavy drinker and having a higher plasma level of neutrophils were independently associated with a higher baseline severity of the neurological deficit in patients with supratentorial ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack within 48 hours. Excessive and chronic ethanol consumption in non-ischaemic rats conferred an increased hepatic steatosis and an inflammatory condition in the cortex, the striatum and the liver, observed as increased expression of adhesion proteins. However, neutrophil infiltration was not observed in the liver or in the brain. In the OACM model, chronic consumption of 35% ethanol worsened ischemic stroke lesions and motor deficits, compared to non-ethanol-exposed rats. Neutrophil infiltration and the mRNA levels of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 are increased in the brain and in the liver of ischaemic rats exposed to 35% ethanol, compared to control ischaemic rats, at J1 and J7. The aggravation of neurologic and functional deficits was associated with increased post-ischaemic inflammation in both the liver and brain, as observed by microglial activation, neutrophil infiltration and leukocyte adhesion at short and intermediate terms
Dib, Hanadi. "Caractérisation des cibles antigéniques des anticorps anti-cellules endothéliales au cours des maladies vasculaires auto-immunes." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05T022.
Full textThe endothelium is composed of a thin layer of cells that lines the interior surface of blood vessels, thus forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall. These cells, named endothelial cells (EC), line the entire circulatory system, from the heart to the smallest capillaries. EC differ, depending on the vessel type where they are located. Anti-EC antibodies (AECA) were identified in a large panel of systemic auto-immune and/or inflammatory diseases, particularly in systemic lupus erythematosus, anti-phospholipid syndrome, systemic sclerosis (SSc), idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (iPAH) and systemic vasculitis. These antibodies are able to activate EC and induce apoptosis, particularly in SSc. In the first part of this work, we were interested in the identification of target antigens of AECA in vascular inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. Using a 2-dimensional immunoblotting technique on total protein extracts of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) followed by mass spectrometry, we identified target antigens of AECA in normal human polyclonal IgG preparations, intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg). Interestingly, very few of these antigens had previously been reported as targets of normal human self-reactive IgG and or detected in IVIg preparations. In addition, we investigated the reactivity profiles of serum IgG of patients with SSc with or without PAH, with iPAH or with giant cell arteritis (GCA) and we were able to identify specific target antigens of AECA in each of these conditions. Thus, we identified phosphoglycerate mutase 1 and vimentin in patients with SSc, peroxyredoxins 1 and 2 in SSc patients with PAH, profilin-1 in patients with iPAH and lamin A/C and vinculin in patients with GCA. In the second part of this work, we studied the proteomes of different types of EC to determine if the EC type can influence the recognition of these cells by AECA. We used the “2 Dimensional-Differential In Gel Electrophoresis” (2D-DIGE) to compare proteomes of 4 different caucasian donors HUVEC, pulmonary human microvascular EC (HMVEC-P) and dermal human microvascular EC (HMVEC-D) and found important differences between HUVEC and microvascular EC. Seventeen and 114 proteins showed at least a 1. 5 fold change expression between HUVEC and HMVEC-P and between HUVEC and HMVEC-D, respectively. A number of these proteins were involved in the proliferation and survival of EC. “Ingenuity” analysis showed that 57% of the 114 proteins differentially expressed between HUVEC and HMVEC-D were involved in susceptibility to retinoic acid and/or transforming growth factor-beta, which suggests that these 2 types of EC respond in a different manner in the presence of each of these molecules. Then, using a one-dimensional immunoblotting technique on HUVEC and HMVEC-D protein extracts, we found that reactivity profiles of serum IgG of patients with SSc differ between HUVEC and HMVEC-D. Overall, we were able to identify new target antigens of AECA in patients with SSc, iPAH or GCA. Most of these target antigens are involved in cell cycle and survival. However, the pathogenic role of these AECA needs further investigations. In addition, we have observed important differences between proteomes of macrovascular and microvascular EC and provided evidence that these differences influence EC function and immune recognition
Hassane, Maya. "Etude des lymphocytes T gamma-delta producteurs d'interleukine-17 au cours des infections respiratoires." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL2S034/document.
Full textThe mounting of an appropriate host innate immune response in the lungs requires the rapid establishment of a complex cellular and molecular networking that allows the containment and clearance of pathogens during respiratory infections. Both neutrophils and γδT cells are central players in the host response during mucosal infections. Using a model of invasive pneumococcal disease, we illustrated a role for Interleukin-17A in controlling neutrophil recruitment, bacterial loads and survival. Following Streptococcus pneumoniae infection, we defined pulmonary γδT cells, especially the lung resident Vγ6Vδ1+ subset, as the primary source of IL-17A in an IL-23/IL- 1β-dependent manner. Using gene-targeted mice, we demonstrated that γδT cells largely contributed to neutrophilia and to the control of the pathology. Furthermore, we now defined a second and unexpected early role for neutrophils as accessory cells in γδT17 cell activation through IL-1β secretion. Neutrophil-derived IL-1β was dependent on NLRP3 inflammasome activity and required alveolar macrophage-secreted TNF-α for priming and bacterial pneumolysin for NLRP3- dependent caspase-1 activation. This report thus brings to light the sequential molecular/cellular events leading to γδT17 cell activation and highlights the existence of a biologically relevant and fully functional NLRP3 inflammasome in pulmonary neutrophils that regulates a key immune axis in the development of protective innate response to respiratory bacterial infection.Based on these observations, we hypothesized that an increase in the pool of IL-17A-producing innate-like T lymphocytes might play a protective role during pneumococcal infection. As recently suggested, we demonstrated that intranasal IL-7/M25 complex administration into naïve mice allowed the expansion of the cellular pool of innate immune cells presenting a Th17-like phenotype in the lungs especially T cells. Moreover, we showed during S. pneumoniae infection that prophylactic IL-7/M25 treatment increased the capacity of Vγ6Vδ1+ T cells to produce IL-17A. Interestingly, this phenotype led to higher neutrophil recruitment and a better control of bacterial burden in the lungs as well as systemic dissemination. Thus, we report a critical role of IL-7 in creating an IL-17-enriched microenvironment which improves the early development of host innate immune response to respiratory bacterial infection. This observation might pave the way to the development of future innovative cytokine/cell-based strategies against Streptococcus pneumoniae
Gatault, Solène. "Implication de l'interleukine-18 dans la cytotoxicité anti-tumorale des polynucléaires éosinophiles." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S004/document.
Full textEosinophils are multifunctional leukocytes which participate in innate and adaptive immune response though the expression and secretion of various receptors and mediators. Numerous epidemiological, as well as in vivo and in vitro studies suggest the involvement of eosinophils in antitumor immunity, notably in context of colon cancer. In fact, a TATE (Tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia) is associated with a good prognostic value. Recently, we and others have shown that human eosinophils expressed receptors and mediators shared with lymphocytes and involved in anti-tumor defense, such as 2B4, TCRγδ/CD3 complex, and granzyme A (8–10). Eosinophil stimulation through these receptors induced tumor cell death in vitro. This activity required cell-cell contact involving LFA-1 on eosinophils. IL-18 is a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines. IL-18 was first identified as an IFNγ-inducing factor, based on its ability to enhance the Th1-type immune response by stimulating NK cells and T cells. IL-18 is actually considered as an immunoregulatory cytokine able to stimulate various cell types. IL-18 participates in antitumor responses notably by enhancing NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. In this context, we have studied whether this cytokine may be also involved in eosinophil-mediated cytotoxicity. In this study, we show that human eosinophils exert cytotoxicity against tumor cells in vitro, with heterogeneity according to the type of target cells. IL-18 increases eosinophil-mediated cytotoxicity towards a carcinoma cell line in vitro by promoting cell-cell contact between these two cell types. Our results propose IL-18 as a new mediator in antitumor properties of human eosinophils and support further evidence that eosinophils could exert a beneficial role, notably in the context of colon cancer
Carrasco, Kevin. "La multimérisation de TREM-1 est essentielle pour son activation sur les monocytes et les neutrophiles." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0004.
Full textTriggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is a receptor expressed on innate immune cells which amplifies inflammatory signals initially triggered by TLRs (Toll-like receptors) and TREM-1 has been characterized as a major player in the pathophysiology of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Currently, the molecular mechanisms leading to the activation of TREM-1 remain unknown. We have developed specific tools to stimulate TREM-1 in a monovalent and divalent way. Here we show that TREM-1 is activated by multimerization and is differentially regulated on neutrophils and monocytes. Indeed, TREM-1 activation on primary human monocytes by LPS required a two-step process while one is required on neutrophils. Using proteomic approaches, we have confirmed that TREM-1 ectodomain dimerizes in solution. Furthermore, the multimerization seems to be mediated by the natural ligand of TREM-1, which is released by LPS activated neutrophils. Collectively, our findings uncover molecular mechanisms leading to TREM-1 and its ligand interaction, painting the way of new therapeutics