Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Granulometry'
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Scaramutti, Alvarez Nadielka Alejandra, and Llanovarced Pool Daryl Vásquez. "Influencia de la variabilidad de la granulometria del agregado en la deformación permanente de micropavimentos para el proyecto de conservación vial complementario Huancavelica tramo V: Acobamba-Puente Alcomachay." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653196.
Full textThe Micropaviment is a technique used worldwide for the maintenance of roads due to its workability and controlled breakage properties in the asphalt mix that allows rapid opening to traffic compared to other types of surface treatments. The collapse is a type of failure that seriously affects the performance of the Micropavimento and has a direct impact on the useful life. The methodology used by the International Slurry Surfacing Association (ISSA), on which the road manual of general technical specifications for construction is based (EG 2013), recommends a series of specifications for the development of performance tests in the laboratory that seek to avoid the presence of the sagging in the Micropavimento. However, within limitations found in this methodology it is evident that aggregates between meshes No. 30 and greater than 200 that present values very close to the type III spindle produce a lack of confinement between the components of the asphalt mixture, which causes the failure by collapse. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the influence of the granulometric variability of the aggregate on the permanent deformation of Micro surfacing. In addition, a proposal to improve the EG 2013 respect to the performance of the Micro surfacing, this preventing the problem presented above for aggregates with similar characterization to the Rio Mantaro quarry.
Tesis
Rzadca, Mark C. "Multivariate granulometry and its application to texture segmentation /." Online version of thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/12200.
Full textArcari, Marcos André. "Efeito da vitreosidade, granulometria e inoculante bacteriano sobre a composição e qualidade de silagens de milho e sorgo reidratados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-20022018-142816/.
Full textPrevious studies have indicated that the inclusion of ground rehydrated corn silage (RCS) in dairy cows diet can increase the starch digestibility and the grain protein, increasing the dairy cows performance. However, no studies were carried out to evaluate the influence of grain particle size, bacterial inoculant use and grain vitreousness of corn and sorghum on the composition, quality and digestibility of RCS throughout the ensiling time. In addition, there are few studies about inclusion of RCS in dairy cows diet with some variation of CP content and rumen degradable protein (RDP). To investigate the influence of inoculant use, granulometry, vitreousness content and ensilage time on the chemical composition of ground rehydrated corn and sorghum silage, and the protein content variation and degradability in dairy cow diets, there were developed a set of 5 experiments. The variables evaluated were the productive performance and nitrogen balance of dairy cows fed RCS (Exp 1 and 2) and the chemical composition, fermentative profile and digestibility of the silage and starch during the ensiling time (Exp 3, 4 and 5). Thus, this study was organized in 5 sequential experiments, in which two of them (Exp. 1 and 2) used lactating cows and the others (Exp 3, 4 and 5) used experimental mini silos. The specific objectives of Exp. 1 and 2 were to evaluate the effect in dairy cows diet of: 1) CP content (130, 160 and 180 g CP/kg DM) with total substitution by RCS, 2) RDP content by urea content variation (80, 100 and 120 g RDP / kg PB) with total substitution of ground dry corn by RCS. For Exp. 1 and 2, there were used 15 Holstein cows in third lactation (> 100 <200 days), approximately 550 kg BW, distributed in a 3 × 3 latin square design with 5 contemporary squares, with 3 periods of 21 days and 3 treatments. The cows were alocated in a free-stall, fed twice a day with a feed intake individual control and twice milking per day. In Exp. 1 and 2, the variables evaluated were: nutrient intake, total apparent digestibility, milk yield and composition, rumen fermentative parameters and nitrogen balance. The experiments 3, 4 and 5 were carried out in experimental mini silos (500g) with rehydrated corn and sorghum silages, that aimed to evaluate the effect of: 3) the vitreousness content (low, medium and high) of corn cultivars, the inclusion of inoculant (Lactobacilus buchneri) or not and the ensilage time (0, 15, 30, 60, 120, 240 and 400 days); 4) granulometry (whole, 8, 2 and 1mm) of high vitreousness corn, the inclusion or not of inoculant (Lactobacilus buchneri) and the ensilage time (0, 15, 30, 60, 120, 240 and 400 days); 5) granulometry (8, 2 and 1 mm), bacterial inoculant (Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococus acidilactici and Lactobacillus buchneri (50%) + Lactobacilus plantarum and Pediococus acidilactici (50%)) and the ensiling time (0, 15, 30, 120 and 360 days) of rehydrated sorghum grain. The variables analyzed in experiments 3, 4 and 5 were the chemical composition of silage (DM, CP, soluble protein, starch, N-NH3 and pH) and 7-hour in situ digestibility of the starch and silage protein. For the experiment 5, the production and composition of the rumen fermentation gases were also evaluated. The rehydrated corn and sorghum silages has particular characteristics of fermentation and increase the digestibility according to the particle size, vitreousness and use of inoculant throughout the ensiling time. The results observed in the present set of experiments suggest that the particularities associated with the previous ensiling process, inoculation or the hybrids used to make the silage may influence the conservation and the digestibility. In addition, the use of rehydrated corn silage, even with high starch apparent total digestibility, did not allow the use of lower CP content or higher RDP content than those predicted by NRC 2001.
Lara, Arnaldo Câmara. "Descritor de bordas e quantização espacial flexível aplicados a categorização de objetos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45134/tde-29042013-111855/.
Full textThe object recognition area has experienced an impressive progress in the last decade. The study of descriptors, together with a sampling strategy using spatial quantization and the combination of classifiers have been presented in the state of art in recent years. This work proposes a new spatial quantizations with an arbitrary number of levels and divisions in each level. Adjacent regions have overlapping areas that generate redundant representation and avoid breakages in the structures that are in their border regions as it happens in the traditional spatial pyramids and impairs the correct interpretation of these structures. Despite spatial pyramids to improve the performance of the bag-of-words approach in object recognition, they are not robust to changes in object orientation in the image. It was also proposed, in this work, a spatial division using concentric circular regions that is almost 80% more robust to rotation of objects when compared to the spatial pyramids using rectangular divisions. In addition to the new spatial division of the image, it is proposed a new granulometric-based descriptor that it is applied to the map of edges of the original image. This descriptor was used in the building of categorys models for object categorization in a public database and showed a better performance than the most used edge-based descriptor reported in literature. All these new proposed techniques were used in a challenge problem of object categorization of very similar classes. It was used a subset of the public database Caltech-UCSD Birds-200 2011 and the method obtained results compared to the best results reported in the literature. The proposed approach uses a 2-level classification and builds class-specific models that are an intuitive way to model the species of birds as very subtle characteristics differ in each tested class of birds. Many descriptors are used in the building of models of species and a combination of classifiers generates the final label for a tested sample. The descriptor proposed here were presented in 11 of 13 best models of birds classes. The final result obtained by the proposed object categorization method is the best one using the bag-of-words approach.
Cook, Robert M. "The development of magnetic granulometry for application to heterogeneous catalysts." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/63943/.
Full textSales, Nicolas Coelho [UNESP]. "Influência dos compostos na manufatura por impressão 3Dprinter no comportamento mecânico biomodelos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152079.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Na medicina atual, uma técnica destaca-se cada vez mais, a biomodelagem. Esta técnica consiste na construção de um biomodelo físico a partir de imagens bidimensionais (de tomografias, ressonâncias, ultrassom), que são tratadas e através de softwares transformadas em um biomodelo virtual que por fim torna-se um biomodelo físico, impresso por uma impressora tridimensional, possibilitando a equipe médica, a percepção de detalhes dificilmente observados apenas através de imagens bidimensionais. Porém o material importado utilizado na biomodelagem é de custo elevado. Neste trabalho o objetivo foi através de uma formulação tida como ideal, publicada no artigo de (Meira), variar as porcentagens de sua composição, o ligante utilizado, o método de mistura, as granulometrias dos pós e adicionar um novo constituinte (sulfato de magnésio), e assim, adquirir um material mais barato e observar qual a influência da composição e granulometria em propriedades fundamentais para a qualidade de um pó para manufatura aditiva, tais como fluidez para distribuição homogênea, alto empacotamento das partículas para maximizar a densidade das peças, espessura da camada maior que as dimensões dos aglomerados e bom acabamento superficial após a camada ser depositada. Posteriormente, foram produzidos corpos de prova com diferentes composições, granulometrias e submetidos a ensaios de compressão e flexão três pontos. Após estes ensaios, médias e desvios padrões foram calculados para cada composição e granulometria. Por fim, a composição que apresentou os melhores resultados foi comparada ao material importado atualmente utilizado. O novo material, com custo de produção por volta de dez vezes menor, atendou às necessidades mecânicas que um biomodelo exige, como por exemplo, resistência mínima ao manuseio.
In modern medicine, a technique that stands out increasingly is biotemplating. This technique involves the construction of a physical biomodel from two-dimensional images (tomography, resonance, ultrasound) which are handled and by software processed in a virtual biomodel which eventually becomes a physical biomodel printed by the 3D printer, allowing the medical team, the perception of details hardly observed through two-dimensional images. However the material used in the imported biotemplating is relatively expensive. In this work the aim was through regarded as optimum formulation published in the article (Meira, 2013) vary the percentages of composition (and adding a new constituent, magnesium sulfate), the binder used, the mixing method and granulometry of powders, and thus acquire a more inexpensive material and understand which influences the composition and granulometry properties essential to the quality of a powder additive manufacturing, such as flowability for homogeneous distribution, higher packing of the particles to maximize the density of manufactured, thickness of the layer higher than the dimensions of the agglomerates and good surface finish after the layer is deposited. Later, produced specimens with different compositions and particle sizes, and subjected them to compression tests and bending three points. After these tests, averages and standard deviations were calculated for each composition and grain size. Finally, the best results were compared to the imported material currently used. The new material, with a cost around ten times lower, meets the mechanical requirements that a biomodel requires, for example, minimum handling strength.
Silva, Christiane Ribeiro da. "Determinação de granulometria de rom e britagem por análise de imagens." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/114441.
Full textFeed size distribution curves in crushing stages allows modeling and predict performance of crushers. This research was based on particle size’s distribution curves determination with start on studies about sampling theory from Gy, Napier-Munn, Minnitt e Pittard, however, the sampling was developed with image analysis techniques and not by conventional granulometry analysis (screening). The importance of this research is related to the necessity of knowing ore that feeds plant because, in this study, with increased pit ore is becoming stronger and resistant. One of the essential objective is to use sampling with image analysis techniques as a tool for determining ROM’s particle size that feeds the first stage of crushing plant and apply that techniques in other stages. It was defined two methodologies, one was developed to sample in situ the ROM granulometry that feeds the first crushing stage and the other one was developed specially to knows the particle size (granulometry) that feeds the third crushing stage. Initially, on sampling ROM (friable itabirite), it was identified the workbench to dump a mass of 259t. Big blocks were segregated. In order to measure big blocks were applied image analysis techniques. Smaller material than 2.5cm was screened. Data were processed and analyzed, generating the size distribution curves. The methodology to sampling the third crushing stage (friable itabirite and compact itabirite) began with the sampling point identification followed by recordings and images determination simulating an automatic sampler. Data were processed and analyzed with statistical help to obtain curves. Both methodologies were considered valuable as they provided size distribution curves with reproducibility but were laborious. ROM granulometry that was evaluated has shown insignificant bias and reproducibility errors. The sampling protocol shows high reduction of mass rates. ROM curves shows that 65% of material is retained on APA, 4% is retained in size range between APA and APF and 5% is retained in 1m, showing that front sampled are attending the equipments specifications. With respect to tertiary crushing, two tests were performed. Each image generated one curve and each test generated four curves that generated a medium curve. The medium curve was compared with project curve and the compact curve was the curve that stays closer. The largest errors are, as expects, to blocks of larger size, more than 80mm for compact and 50mm for friable. Also was observed the same material quantity on APA and APF but 100% of compact itabirite was retained in APF, indicating impacts in this operation. The curves analysis allows the identification about changes in ROM’s particle size for the coming years. The methodologies have been developed to proceed in the future with the analysis of more resistant materials and become of great value, because the tendency of the material is becoming increasingly compact. Thus, the results defends this kind of sampling as a viable technique and suggest their use for control of productivity of other mineral deposits.
Geisenhanslüke, Carsten [Verfasser]. "Einfluss der Granulometrie von Feinstoffen auf die Rheologie von Feinstoffleimen = Influence of the granulometry of fine particles on the rheology of pastes / Carsten Geisenhanslüke." Kassel : Kassel University Press, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1007184450/34.
Full textCaetano, André Luiz Araújo. "Influência da variação granulométrica de argilas bentoníticas no comportamento reológico e de filtração de fluidos de perfuração base água." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/450.
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The physical characteristics as particle size distribution, density, shape, specific surface area and surface roughness affects the rheological behavior of dispersions. The objective of this work is to study the influence of particle size variation of bentonite clay used as viscosifying agents in water based drilling fluids, the rheological and filtration properties. For both six bentonite clays from deposits in Boa Vista, PB, which were prepared for physical and mineralogical characterization were selected. Then, they were crushed and sieved into different sieve ABNT N° 80, 200 and 325 (180, 75 and 45 μm), being determined from the particle size distribution by laser diffraction their dispersions and then treatment performed with a solution of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3 ) determining the rheological and filtration properties of their aqueous dispersions. We also evaluated the influence of two different curing conditions on the transformations performed on the polycationic bentonite with sodium in their rheological properties. Clays had physical and mineralogical characteristics typical of bentonite clays. The variation of the openings of the sieves influenced, in general, only the accumulated mass below 2 μm who showed greater for sieve clays in the opening 45 μm and all size analysis showed monomodal distribution. It was observed that, in general, the decrease in average particle diameter and increase in cumulative weight below 2 μm, VA is decreased. It was not possible to generalize the influence given by the size of the particles in the VP and VF. The curing time longer possible to clays which had accumulated mass lower than 2 μm (clay) higher to obtain dispersions with thixotropic characteristics and higher and lower values of VA and VP. It was not possible to generalize the influence of curing time in VF. The fine particles of bentonite have great tendency to form agglomerates hindering the analysis of the actual particle size and its relation to the rheological properties.
As características físicas das partículas como distribuição granulométrica, densidade, formato, área superficial específica e rugosidade superficial afetam o comportamento reológico de dispersões. O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a influência da variação granulométrica de argilas bentoníticas utilizadas como agentes viscosificantes em fluidos de perfuração base água, nas propriedades reológicas e de filtração. Para tanto, foram selecionadas seis argilas bentoníticas provenientes de jazidas do município de Boa Vista, PB, que foram preparadas para caracterização física e mineralógica. Em seguida foram moídas e peneiradas em diferentes peneiras ABNT n° 80, 200 e 325 (180, 75 e 45 μm), sendo determinadas as distribuições granulométricas de suas dispersões por difração laser e posteriormente realizado o tratamento com solução de carbonato de sódio (Na2CO3) determinando-se as propriedades reológicas e de filtração de suas dispersões aquosas. Também foi verificada a influência de duas diferentes condições de cura realizadas nas transformações das bentonitas policatiônicas em sódicas em suas propriedades reológicas. As argilas apresentaram características físicas e mineralógicas típicas de argilas bentoníticas. A variação das aberturas das peneiras influenciou, em geral, apenas na massa acumulada abaixo de 2 μm que se apresentou maior para as argilas peneiradas na abertura de 45 μm e todas as análises granulométricas apresentaram distribuição monomodal. Observou-se que, em geral, com a diminuição no diâmetro médio das partículas e aumento na massa acumulada abaixo de 2 μm, ocorre diminuição na VA. Não foi possível generalizar a influência apresentada pelo tamanho de partículas na VP e no VF. O tempo de cura maior possibilita, para as argilas que apresentaram massas acumuladas abaixo de 2 μm (fração argila) mais elevadas, a obtenção de dispersões com características tixotrópicas e com maiores VA e menores valores de VP. Não foi possível generalizar a influência do tempo de cura no VF. As partículas finas de bentonitas apresentam grande tendência em formar aglomerados dificultando a análise do real tamanho de partículas e sua relação com as propriedades reológicas.
SANTOS, Renato Correia dos. "Desenvolvimento de microestrutura de massas da cerâmica vermelha submetidas a diferentes tratamentos térmicos." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2016. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1064.
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O processo de fabricação de uma peça cerâmica é composto por uma sequência de etapas, sendo quatro as etapas principais: preparação da massa, conformação, secagem e queima. É importante destacar que as propriedades dos produtos cerâmicos estão relacionadas com as características iniciais da matéria- prima, tais como: granulometria, composição química, composição mineralógica e com os parâmetros de processamento. Dentro deste contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência das características das massas e das variáveis de processamento sobre a microestrutura e as propriedades tecnológicas de produtos obtidos a partir de massas da cerâmica vermelha. Foram utilizadas argilas e uma massa fornecidas por indústrias de cerâmica vermelha dos Estados de Pernambuco e da Paraíba. As argilas e a massa foram beneficiadas e em seguida, assim como as massas formuladas, caracterizadas através das técnicas de análise granulométrica e avaliação das características de plasticidade, bem como através de análises química, mineralógica e térmica. Os corpos de prova foram conformados por prensagem e extrusão e, posteriormente, submetidos a queima nas temperaturas de 800, 900, 1000, 1100 e 1200ºC, taxa de aquecimento de 5ºC/min e tempo de permanência na temperatura máxima de 60 e 180 min. Após tratamento térmico, foi realizada uma avaliação da variação da cor de queima em função das temperaturas supracitadas, bem como analisadas as propriedades tecnológicas (perda de massa ao fogo, retração linear de queima, absorção de água, porosidade aparente, massa específica aparente e resistência mecânica à flexão em três pontos), as fases formadas para os diferentes tratamentos térmicos e as morfologias das superfícies de fratura dos corpos de prova. Os resultados mostraram que a interação entre as características granulométricas, mineralógicas e químicas das amostras, a depender do tipo de processo de conformação utilizado e do ciclo de queima estabelecido, acarretam alterações relevantes sobre a microestrutura, impactando sobre as propriedades mecânicas do produto final.
The process for manufacturing a ceramic part consists of a sequence of steps, four major steps: preparation of the dough, shaping, drying and firing. It is important to note that the properties of ceramics are related to the initial characteristics of the raw material, such as particle size, chemical composition, mineralogical composition and processing parameters. Within this context, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of the characteristics of the masses and processing variables on the microstructure and technological properties of products obtained from the mass of red ceramic. clays were used and a mass provided by red ceramic industries of Pernambuco and Paraíba States. Clays and mass spectra were processed and then issued as well as the masses, characterized by the granulometric analysis techniques and evaluation of the characteristics of plasticity, as well as through chemical, mineralogical and thermal analysis. The specimens were shaped by pressing and extrusion and subsequently subjected to burning at temperatures of 800, 900, 1000, 1100 and 1200°C, heating rate of 5°C/min and residence time in the maximum temperature of 60 and 180 min. After heat treatment, an evaluation of the variation in the burning color according to the above temperatures was performed and analyzed technological properties (mass loss on ignition linear firing shrinkage, water absorption, porosity, apparent specific gravity and strength mechanical bending in three points), the phases formed for different heat treatments and the morphologies of the fracture surfaces of the specimens. The results showed that the interaction between the granulometric characteristics, mineralogical and chemical samples, depending on the type of forming process used and the set firing cycle, result in significant changes on the microstructure, an impact on the mechanical properties of the final product.
Silveira, Caroline Perez Lacerda da, and Caroline Perez Lacerda da Silveira. "Caracterização de solos e sedimentos em depósitos e fontes em potencial na Bacia Hidrográfica do Arroio Pelotas." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2015. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2799.
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O processo de perdas de solo, principalmente pela erosão hídrica, pode ser considerado como um dos principais agentes causadores da degradação ambiental, causada pelo uso excessivo e descontrolado das áreas agrícolas, retirada da mata ciliar das margens dos arroios, ou pela falta de planejamento e adequação das estradas rurais. Considerando a importância social, ambiental e econômica quanto aos riscos e impactos gerados pelo processo erosivo, o presente estudo teve como objetivo principal caracterizar fisicamente o sedimento de depósitos fluviais no Arroio Pelotas e de seus afluentes, e suas fontes em potencial (áreas de pastagem e lavoura, margens expostas do arroio e estradas rurais não pavimentadas), separando grupos e variáveis físicas que discriminam estes grupos, partindo das hipóteses que, o sedimento de depósito fluvial é predominantemente arenoso; que as áreas de pastagem são mais suscetíveis a erosão quando comparadas a outras devido suas características morfológicas e fluxo de água no solo; que as análises de distribuição do tamanho e densidade de partículas são bons indicadores de caracterização e identificação de potenciais fontes de sedimento e então é possível estabelecer uma relação entre as características físicas das fontes potenciais de sedimentos e de depósitos fluviais do arroio. O trabalho foi realizado ao longo do Arroio Pelotas, curso principal pertencente à Bacia Hidrográfica do Arroio Pelotas, situado predominantemente na cidade de Pelotas e com abrangência nas cidades de Canguçu, Morro Redondo e Arroio do Padre. Amostragens de solo e sedimentos foram feitas ao longo do arroio Pelotas e alguns de seus afluentes. Amostras de solo com estrutura preservada foram feitas em áreas de pastagem e lavoura com solo revolvido para determinação da porosidade, densidade e condutividade hidráulica do solo saturado, enquanto amostras de solo e sedimento com estrutura não preservada foram coletadas em áreas de pastagem e lavoura, margens dos arroios, estradas rurais não pavimentadas e depósitos fluviais dos arroios para determinação da distribuição do tamanho e densidade de partículas. A partir dos resultados obtidos verificou-se que a camada superficial dos solos em áreas de lavoura e margens de arroios, assim como os sedimentos de estradas rurais não pavimentadas e sedimentos de depósitos fluviais dos arroios possuem uma característica predominantemente arenosa. Por se tratar de solos e sedimentos arenosos, a distribuição do tamanho de partículas se mostrou como potencial indicador na identificação de fontes de sedimentos para os arroios, no entanto, a densidade de partículas e o grau de floculação, evidenciado através da análise dos componentes principais, não se mostraram bons indicadores e consequentemente, não caracterizaram a região estudada. Com o presente trabalho foi possível perceber a necessidade de medidas que visem à correta alocação de estradas e redução do aporte de sedimentos; também se verificou a necessidade de maior proteção vegetal nas margens dos arroios, cumprindo a legislação, de forma a evitar a erosão de encosta.
The process of soil loss may be considered as one of the main causes of environmental degradation, caused by excessive and uncontrolled use of agricultural areas, the removal of riparian vegetation from the banks of the streams, or the lack of planning and adequacy of rural roads. Considering the social, environmental and economic importance of the risks and impacts caused by erosion, this study aimed to physically characterize the fluvial deposits of sediment in Arroio Pelotas and its tributaries, and their potential sources (grazing and farming areas, exposed banks of the stream and unpaved rural roads), separating groups and physical variables that discriminate against these groups, based on the hypothesis that the river sediment is predominantly sandy; the pasture areas are more susceptible to erosion because of the morphological and water flux in the soil; that size distribution analysis and particle density are good indicators of characterization and identification of potential sources of sediment and then it is possible to establish a relationship between the physical characteristics of potential sources of sediment and river the stream deposits. The work was carried out along the Pelotas river, through its main course that belongs to the watershed of Pelotas river, located predominantly in the city of Pelotas and coverage in the cities of Canguçu, Morro Redondo and Arroio do Padre. Soils and sediments were sampled along the Pelotas river and some of its tributaries. Soil samples with preserved structure were collected in pasture areas to determine the porosity, bulk density and hydraulic conductivity of saturated soil, while soil and sediment samples with not preserved structure were collected in pasture areas, banks of streams, unpaved rural roads and in the Pelotas river to determine the particle size distribution and its density. From the results it was found that the surface layer of soil in areas of pasture and the banks of streams, as well as sediments of rural roads unpaved and the bottom sediments of streams have a characteristic predominantly sandy. In the case of sandy soils and sediments, the particle size distribution were good indicators identifying sediments sources for the streams, however, the density of the particles and flocculation grade, as evidenced by the principal component analysis, were not good indicators and therefore not characterized the study area. With this work, it was finally possible to see the need for measures aimed at correct allocation of roads and reduced sediment supply; there was also the need for greater plant protection on the banks of the streams, complying with legislation, to avoid the erosion of the hillside.
Didonet, Thais Teodoro dos Santos Cordeiro. "Relações entre precipitação, escoamento e sedimentos suspensos na bacia do Rio das Antas, Goiás." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7881.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Sediments transported by surface runoff and by rivers are essential components in the comprehension of changes in a river basin and the quality of aquatic systems. The high variability of rainfall events, the SSC and the relation between them produce complex behavioral dynamics difficult to interpret but the study of these aspects is a useful and frequently used tool in the quantification of impacts due to erosive and hydrossedimentological processes. The main objective of this study was to characterize and quantify the hydrological, sedimentological and granulometric characteristics of the urban watercourse of the Rio das Antas basin, located in Anápolis, Goiás, wich faces various erosion processes. Continuous monitoring of precipitation, flow rates, sediment concentrations and turbidity was performed using pluviographs, linigraphs, an automatic sampler and a laser granulometer during most of a rainy season, where samples were collected and 14 events were analyzed. Descriptive statistical analyzes, identification of hysteresis patterns, Event Mean Concentration, “first flush” phenomenon effects and grain size distribution and their relationships with precipitations and flow rates were performed. The peak concentration of total sediments reached 3,380 mg L -1 , and approximately 83% were suspended sediments. No “first flush" has been recorded in any event. The highest mean concentration observed for suspended sediments was 1,714.6 mg/m3 and the mean of the events was 1,001.3 mg/m3, values considered to be high when compared to river basin flows, where the highest was 15.49 m 3 s -1 . The maximum flow rates were determinant in the total sediment, however, the same flow range carried very different amounts of suspended sediments during the floods. This behavior suggests that the variation also depends on precipitation characteristics and sediment sources. In the hysteresis analyzes, it can be verified that these sources are located farther from the monitoring point, but are also the river itself, since the most frequent hysteresis loop was "Figure Eight" followed by the"Counter Clock-wise” type. There were complex hysteretic loops characterized by multiple peaks of flow and sediments. The size of particles carried by the flow varies throughout the rainy season. The suspended sediment particles had dimensions between 0.0019 mm and 0.990 mm being characterized as sandy silt material. The small and medium particles were more frequent in final events and larger particles occurred in the middle of the period. Finner particles were more present during the rise of the hydrograph and in the recession phase the amount of particles with dimensions between 0.2 mm e 0.6 mm increased in some events. Particles larger than 0.6 mm were not related to precipitation. It was also observed that the amount of dissolved solids decreases with increasing particle size and may indicate that larger particles have less capacity to absorb/adsorb other pollutants. It is observed that the suspended sediments vary between the events and within the same event and depends on the hydrological behavior, the characteristics of the water body and the type of monitoring.
Os sedimentos transportados pelo escoamento superficial e pelos rios são componentes essenciais no entendimento das mudanças ocorridas em uma bacia hidrográfica e da qualidade de sistemas aquáticos. A alta variabilidade dos eventos chuvosos, da CSS e da relação entre eles produzem dinâmicas comportamentais complexas de difícil interpretação. Porém o estudo destes aspectos é uma ferramenta útil e frequentemente usada na quantificação dos impactos decorrentes de processos erosivos e hidrossedimentológicos. Este estudo teve por objetivo caracterizar e analisar quanti-qualitativamente as características hidrológicas, sedimentológicas e granulométricas dotrecho urbano da bacia do Rio das Antas, localizado no município de Anápolis, Goiás, o qual enfrenta vários processos erosivos. Um monitoramento contínuo das precipitações, vazões, concentrações de sedimentos e turbidez foi realizado utilizando pluvíografos, linígrafos, um amostrador automático e um granulômetro a laser durante o período chuvoso, onde foram coletadas amostras e analisados 14 eventos. Análises estatísticas descritivas, identificação dos padrões de histerese, Concentração Média do Evento, efeitos de “first flush” e a distribuição granulométrica e suas relações com as precipitações e vazões foram realizados. O pico de concentração de sedimentos totais foi de 3.380 mg L -1 , sendo que, aproximadamente, 83% eram sedimentos suspensos. Não foi registrado o fenômeno “first flush” em nenhum evento. A maior Concentração Média do Evento observada para os sedimentos suspensos foi de 1.714,6 mg/m3 e a média dos eventos foi de 1.001,3 mg/m3, valores considerados altos quando comparados as vazões de base do rio, onde o maior pico registrado foi 15,49 m3 s -1 . As vazões máximas foram determinantes no total de sedimentos, no entanto, uma mesma faixa de vazão transportou quantidades bem diferentes de sedimentos suspensos durante as cheias. Este comportamento sugere que sua variação também depende das características das precipitações e das fontes geradoras de sedimentos. Nas análises de histerese, pode-se verificar que estas fontes estão presentes no próprio rio, mas também em locais mais distantes do ponto de monitoramento, pois o laço de histerese mais frequente foi “Figura Oito” seguido do tipo “Anti-horário”. Houveram laços histeréticos complexos caracterizados por picos múltiplos de vazão e sedimentos. O tamanho das partículas transportadas pelo escoamento varia em todo o período chuvoso. As partículas de sedimentos suspensos tinham dimensões entre 0,0019 mm e 0,990 mm sendo caracterizadas como material silte arenoso. As partículas pequenas e médias foram mais frequentes nos eventos finais do período chuvoso e as partículas maiores ocorreram no meio do período. Partículas mais finas estavam mais presentes durante a ascensão do hidrograma e, na fase de recessão, a quantidade de partículas com dimensões entre 0,2 mm e 0,6 mm aumentava em alguns eventos. As partículas maiores que 0,6 mm não apresentaram relação com a precipitação. Foi observado ainda que a quantidade de sólidos dissolvidos diminui com o aumento do tamanho da partícula, podendo indicar que partículas maiores tem menor capacidade de absorver/adsorver outros poluentes. Observa-se que os sedimentos suspensos variam entre os eventos e dentro do mesmo evento e depende do comportamento hidrológico, das características do corpo hídrico e do tipo de monitoramento.
Ferreira, Paulo Sérgio Monteiro. "Cactáceas do semiárido paraibano: Padrões de estrutura e diversidade." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/2253.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The study of how species behave in relation to environmental gradients is an established tool in the ecology, being investigated since the pioneering studies in this field. Cactaceae is established as an important constituent family of plant communities of the Brazilian semiarid, and the change in the distribution of many genres and modes of life of this family coincides with the transition between wet and dry environments. In this context, this study aimed to test the hypothesis that the structure and diversity of cactaceas communities will be differentiated in relation to different areas of the semiarid of Paraiba, because the genera and species of this family present distinct environmental preferences. To carry out the study were selected four areas (A1, A2, A3 and A4) with pluviometric precipitations decreasing (650, 550, 450 and 350 mm respectively) in the semiarid of Paraiba. We assessed a total of 3,660 individuals of Cactaceae, distributed in six species: Cereus jamacaru DC., Melocactus zehntneri (Britton & Rose) Luetzelb, Opuntia inamoena K. Schum, Pilosocereus gounellei (F. A. C. Weber) Byles & G. D. Rowley, Pilosocereus pachycladus F. Ritter and Tacinga palmadora (Britton & Rose) N.P. Taylor & Stuppy. A1 presented 196 individuals divided into three species (C. jamacaru, O. inamoena and P. pachycladus); A2 was represented by 642 individuals, A3 presented 1,447 individuals and A4 1,375 individuals divided among the six species mentioned. The cactaceas species demonstrated patterns of Importance Value Index (IVI) and Relative Volume (VR) between the different areas. A1 presented the highest individuals (mean height = 4.96 m) and with bigger DAS (mean DAS = 13,34 cm), and having the largest volume of cactaceas (21.42 m 3 ); A2 showed more diversity (H '= 1.39) and equability (J' = 0.83); A3 had the lowest values of DAS (mean DAS = 4.33 cm), height (mean height= 0.85 m), diversity (H'= 0.58), equability (J'= 0.39) and volume of cactaceas (4.92 m ); and A4 presented, in most cases, intermediate values between A2 and A3. The greatest richness and abundance of species were related to the locations with low rainfall and more clayey soils had greater diversity of cactaceas. The nMDS (non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling) produced by the environmental variables separated the samples into four groups and the cluster analysis showed differentiated configurations of these attributes within their own areas. The groups differed significantly according to the permutation of Monte Carlo test that were between the Areas 1 and 2; 1 and 4; 2 and 4; and 3 and 4. Of these environmental variables, the predictive model given by BIO-ENV (Biotic-Environmental) suggested that the percentage of clay in the soil and EVI (Enhanced Vegetation Index) are those that best explain the variations of cactaceas communities. The CCA diagram (Canonical Correspondence Analysis), produced 3 with the predicted variables by BIO-ENV showed that the cactacea species that occurring in of Paraiba semiarid have different environmental preferences, revealing that the species P. pachycladus and C. jamacaru were positively related to areas with higher indices of EVI and rainfall; M. zehntneri and P. gounellei adapted better in areas with soils with higher proportion of clay and silt; O. inamoena, was negatively related with higher proportions of medium sand; and T. palmadora, showed no patterns related to variables given by the BIOENV. The significant correlations between the axes of the CCA and the attributes of the structure of the species (abundance, height and DAS), were some times moderate (r 0.40 to 0.69) and most of the times stronger (r ≥ 0.70) and the species that presented best linear associations with the variables tested were M. zehntneri, P. gounellei and P. pachycladus.
O estudo de como as espécies se comportam em relação aos gradientes ambientais é uma ferramenta estabelecida na ecologia, sendo investigado desde os estudos pioneiros nesse campo. Cactaceae, estabelece-se como uma importante família constituinte das comunidades vegetais do semiárido brasileiro, e a mudança na distribuição de muitos gêneros e formas de vida dessa família coincide com a transição entre ambientes secos e úmidos. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo buscou testar a hipótese de que a estrutura e diversidade das comunidades de cactáceas serão diferenciadas em relação às diferentes áreas do semiárido paraibano, pelo fato dos gêneros e espécies dessa família apresentarem preferências ambientais distintas. Para a realização do estudo foram selecionadas quatro áreas (A1, A2, A3 e A4) com precipitações pluviométricas decrescentes (650, 550, 450 e 350 mm respectivamente) no semiárido paraibano. Foram aferidos ao todo 3.660 indivíduos de Cactaceae, distribuídos em seis espécies: Cereus jamacaru DC., Melocactus zehntneri (Britton & Rose) Luetzelb, Opuntia inamoena K. Schum, Pilosocereus gounellei (F. A. C. Weber) Byles & G. D. Rowley, Pilosocereus pachycladus F. Ritter e Tacinga palmadora (Britton & Rose) N.P. Taylor & Stuppy. A1 apresentou 196 indivíduos divididos em três espécies (C. jamacaru, O. inamoena e P. pachycladus); A2 foi representada por 642 indivíduos, A3 apresentou 1.447 indivíduos e A4 1.375 indivíduos divididos entre as seis espécies citadas. As espécies de cactáceas demonstraram padrões de Índice de Valor de Importância (IVI) e Volume Relativo (VR) distintos entre as Áreas. A1 apresentou os indivíduos mais altos (Alt. med. = 4,96 m) e de maior DAS (DAS med. = 13,34 cm), possuindo também o maior volume de cactáceas (21,42 m 3 ); a A2 demonstrou maior diversidade (H’ = 1,39) e equabilidade (J’ = 0,83); A3 apresentou os menores valores de DAS (DAS med. = 4,33 cm), altura (Alt. med.= 0,85 m), diversidade (H’ = 0,58), equabilidade (J’ = 0,39) e volume de cactáceas (4,92 m ); já A4 apresentou, na maioria das vezes, valores intermediários entre A2 e A3. As maiores riquezas e abundâncias estiveram relacionadas aos locais de menores precipitações e os solos mais argilosos foram os que comportaram maior diversidade de cactáceas. O nMDS (Escalonamento Multidimensional não-Métrico) produzido através das variáveis ambientais separou as amostras em quatro grupos e a análise de agrupamento demonstrou configurações diferenciadas desses atributos dentro das próprias Áreas. Os grupos que diferiram estatisticamente segundo a permutação do teste de Monte Carlo foram entre as Áreas 1 e 2; 1 e 4; 2 e 4; e 3 e 4. Destas variáveis ambientais, o modelo preditivo dado pelo BIO-ENV (Biotic-Environmental) sugeriu que a % de Argila no solo e o EVI (Índice de Vegetação 3 Aprimorada) são as que melhor explicam a variação das comunidades de cactáceas. O diagrama de CCA (Análise de Correspondência Canônica), produzido com as variáveis preditas pelo BIO-ENV, demonstrou que as espécies de cactáceas ocorrentes no semiárido paraibano apresentam preferências ambientais distintas, revelando que as espécies P. pachycladus e C. jamacaru foram positivamente relacionadas às áreas com maiores índices de EVI e Precipitação; M. zehntneri e P. gounellei, foram melhor adaptadas a habitarem em ambientes com solos com maior proporção de Argila e Silte; O. inamoena, esteve negativamente relacionada às maiores proporções de Areia média; e T. palmadora, não demonstrou padrões relacionados as variáveis dadas pelo BIO-ENV. As correlações significativas entre os eixos da CCA e os atributos da estrutura das espécies (abundância, altura e DAS), foram algumas vezes moderadas (r 0,40-0,69) e na maioria das vezes fortes (r ≥ 0,70) e as espécies que apresentaram melhores associações lineares com as variáveis testadas foram M. zehntneri, P. gounellei e P. pachycladus.
Gonçalves, Filho José Carlos Campos. "Análise numérica de métodos empíricos do estudo da condutividade hidráulica." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/9106.
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In the context of Agronomic and Environmental Sciences, the hydraulic conductivity K (µ) as a function of the humidity (µ) and granulometry, is especially important for the study and solution of practical problems related to irrigation, drainage , leaching of nutrients and pollutants, slope stability, problems related to soil compaction in general. Studies will be carried out that stipulate the hydraulic conductivity K (µ) from the particle size distribution and moisture content for certain types of soil, with the particle diameter as the main parameter to obtain the same. One of the advantages in this methodology is the reduction of laboratorial costs and the reduced time when compared to tests to obtain these physical indexes. The state of the art in empirical validation has produced numerical models for simulation description of physical indices. Using experimental methodologies, we will use these models for the validation and subsequent analysis of results for soils obtained at UFCat. The first part of the work will be devoted to the study of statistical models, which relate the behavior of the hydraulic coef cient with the soil granulometry. For this part of the work, the main referencewill be the article (SALARASHAYERI; SIOSEMARDE, 2012). The models that will be used in this dissertation were obtained in (SALARASHAYERI; SIOSEMARDE, 2012), where the authors, through 25 samples of sandy soil extracted characteristics of the hydraulic conductivity. In the present case, laboratory tests have shown that the characteristic of the analyzed soil approaches a clayey behavior see (GONçALVES-FILHO et al., 2017b), (GONçALVES-FILHO et al., 2017a). To overcome this problem we will use the graphs generated from experimental analyzes made by means of humidity sensors, to calibrate statistical models. In the second part of the work, a study will be done, through models that relate the hydraulic coef cient to the soil moisture. For this part the reference (GENUCHTEN, 1980) will be used. In (GENUCHTEN, 1980), analytical models describing the relationship between hydraulic coefIcient, moisture and piezometric level were obtained. The theoretical models will be validated by comparing the theoretical curves and the experimental data acquired through sensors. As a complementary part of the work, numerical simulations will be done to analyze the behavior of the hydraulic coefIcient, with the different models approached.
No contexto das Ciências Agronômicas e Ambientais, a condutividade hidráulica K(µ) como função da umidade (µ) e granulometria, tem especial importância para os estudos e solução de problemas práticos relacionados com a irrigação, drenagem, lixiviação de nutrientes e poluentes, estabilidade de taludes, problemas relacionados a compactação de solo em forma geral. Serão realizados estudos que estipulam a condutividade hidráulica K(µ) a partir da distribuição granulométrica e teores de umidade para determinados tipos de solo, tendo o diâmetro das partículas como parâmetro principal para obtenção do mesmo. Uma das vantagens nesta metodologia é a redução de custos laboratoriais e o tempo reduzido se comparado a testes para obtenção destes índices físicos. O estado da arte na validação empírica tem produzido modelos numéricos para descrição de simulação dos índices físicos. Utilizando de metodologias experimentais, faremos uso de tais modelos para a validação e posterior análise de resultados para solos obtidos na UFCat. A primeira parte do trabalho será destinada ao estudo de modelos estatísticos, que relacionam o comportamento do coeficiente hidráulico com a granulometria do solo. Para esta parte do trabalho, será utilizado como referência principal o artigo (SALARASHAYERI; SIOSEMARDE, 2012). Os modelos que serão usados nesta dissertação foram obtidos em (SALARASHAYERI; SIOSEMARDE, 2012), onde os autores, por meio de 25 amostras de solo arenoso extraíram características da condutividade hidráulica. No presente caso, ensaios de laboratório mostraram que a característica do solo analisado se aproxima de um comportamento argiloso veja (GONÇALVES-FILHO et al., 2017b), (GONÇALVES-FILHO et al., 2017a). Para contornar este problema usaremos os gráficos gerados a partir de análises experimentais feitas por meio de sensores de umidade, para calibrar modelos estatísticos. Na segunda parte do trabalho, será feito um estudo, através de modelos que relacionam o coe ciente hidráulico com a umidade do solo. Para esta parte será usado a referência (GENUCHTEN, 1980). Em (GENUCHTEN, 1980), modelos analíticos que descrevem a relação entre coeficiente hidráulico, umidade e nível piezométrico foram obtidos. Os modelos teóricos serão validados através de comparação entre as curvas teóricas e os dados experimentais adquiridos por meio de sensores. Como parte complementar do trabalho, serão feitas simulações numéricas para analisar o comportamento do coeficiente hidráulico, com os diferentes modelos abordados.
Brito, Flavia Maria Silva. "Produção e avaliação da qualidade de painéis aglomerados constituídos por partículas de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e bambu." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-03052018-132019/.
Full textThe aiming of this study was to evaluate the quality of medium density particleboard (MDP) manufactured with particles of sugarcane bagasse and bamboo with nominal density of 0.65 g.cm-3 and urea-formaldehyde adhesive. The experimental design was composed of 16 treatments divided in four experiments. The physical properties (apparent density, water absorption, thickness swelling and the nonrecoverable tax, mechanical (static bending - modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture, screw withdrawal strength and internal bonding) were evaluated, as well as the density profile, wettability and natural resistance. The objectives were: I - To evaluate panels of sugarcane bagasse particles with two granulometries (0.50 mm and 0.85 mm) treated and not treated in hot water; II - To evaluate the panels using the same variables of the previous experiment, however using bamboo particles; III - Evaluate the panels origin from the mixture of both materials in proportions of 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 0%; IV - Evaluate the panels constituted with heat treatment particles of bamboo and bagasse and glued with three adhesive contents (10, 12 and 14%). The results of the Experiment I showed that physical (IE2h, IE24h, AA24h and TNRE) and mechanical properties (MoR, MoE, APS, APT and LI) and wettability were not influenced by the factors (grain size and particle condition). The factors influenced the apparent specific bulk density profile of the outer layer. Natural resistance was influenced by the factors and the panels were included in the \"moderate resistance\" category. The results of Experiment II showed that the particles treated in hot water resulted in a significant increase in the values of IE2h, IE24h and TNRE. APS, APT and LI showed significant improvements for panels manufactured with hot water treated particles. The evaluated factors influenced the apparent specific mass of the outer layer of the panels. There was a significant interaction between the factors for the initial angle obtained with water. The G. trabeum fungus caused greater mass losses in the panels constituted with particles treated in hot water and T. versicolor evidenced a higher attack rate in plates made with control particles. In Experiment III the increase in compaction ratio showed a significant tendency to increase values of AA24h, IE2h, IE24h and TNRE, in addition to MoR. This variable reduced AA2h, APT and LI, provided more pronounced peaks of specific mass in the faces of the panels, significantly reduced wettability and increased the mass loss of the panels submitted to P. placenta and G. trabeum fungi. In Experiment IV the heat treatment promoted significant improvements for AA2h, AA24h, IE2h and IE24h, but reduced MoR, MoE, APS, APT and LI, which were improved with the increase of the adhesive content, as well as the density profile. There was no significant influence on wettability, comparing the panels with the same adhesive content and different adhesive contents. In general, the panels showed significant improvements in the biological resistance with thermortification and increase in the adhesive content. Sugarcane bagasse and bamboo represent good alternatives of raw materials for confection of agglomerated sheets. The panels can be used for linings, thermal and acoustic insulation, coatings, decorative panels, components for civil construction, substrate for flooring, packaging small objects among other applications.
Zambra, Ramos Rubén. "Transferencia de masa entre la desembocadura del Río Limarí, Bahía Tongoy y Bahía Barnes. Región de Coquimbo, Chile." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2019. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/170802.
Full textMemoria para optar al título de Geógrafo
Se estudia la transferencia de masa entre la desembocadura del río Limarí, bahía Tongoy y bahía Barnes a través de la integración de unidades costeras, identificando las formas de acumulación, las relaciones morfosedimentológicas en los grupos de formas existentes y el transporte de masa en el litoral. Para la identificación de las formas de acumulación en las áreas de estudio, fue necesario realizar una descripción geomorfológica, identificando formas fluviales, fluviomarinas, terrazas marinas y formas eólicas. Para el análisis de las relaciones morfosedimentológicas se hizo necesario realizar análisis granulométrico según los procedimientos de distribución textural y morfoscópico de arenas, además de la mineralogía. Para el transporte de masa litoral se utilizó técnicas cualitativas a través del análisis multitemporal del ambiente de depositación, en un rango temporal de 27 años, analizando imágenes satelitales LandSat de los años 1987,1997, 2004 y 2011. Los resultados alcanzados denotan el fuerte control estructural y la orientación dominantemente oblicua de las bahías como factores que posibilitan la sedimentación de este sistema litoral, operando los principios de efecto de ensenada en éstas. Se considera que la fuente de abastecimiento de las bahías Tongoy y Barnes proviene de la cuenca del río Limarí, pero es necesario también considerar otros medios de transporte de sedimentos que no necesariamente tiene relación con el río ni su zona de descarga. El análisis multitemporal de las imágenes satelitales refleja que la transferencia de masa entre los diferentes sistemas se debe en el período reciente a condiciones que sobrepasen el umbral de transporte de sedimentos, esas condiciones se deben al aumento en la intensidad y torrencialidad de las precipitaciones. Las formas que reflejan cambios en los ambientes de depositación corresponden a flechas litorales y campos dunares las cuales son áreas sensibles a los aportes de sedimentos entre los sistemas.
It is studied that mass transfer between the Limarí river mouth, Tongoy bay and Barnes bay across of the integration of costal units, identifying accumulation forms, morphosedimentological, relations in the groups of existing forms and the mass transport in the coast. For identifying forms of accumulation in the areas of study, it was necessary to make a geomorphological description, identifying fluvial forms, river-marine, marine terraces and aeolian forms. For the analysis of morphosedimentological relations, it became necessary to perform granulometric analysis according to the procedures of textural distribution and sand morphocopic, including the mineralogy. For the transport of littoral mass we used qualitative techniques through the multitemporary analysis the depositional environment, a temporary range of 27 years, analyzing Landsat satellite images of the years 1987, 1997, 2004 and 2011. The results show the strong structural control and oblique orientation dominantly of the bays as factors that enable the sedimentation of the coastal system, operating the effect of cove principles in them. It is considered that the source of supply for Tongoy and Barnes bays comes from Limarí river basin, but it is also necessary to consider other transport means of sediments that does not necessarily have relation to the river or its discharge zone. The multi-temporal analysis of satellite images reflects that the mass transfer between the different systems ocurred in the recent period due to conditions that exceeded the threshold of sediment transport, these conditions are due to increase in the intensity and heavy rainfall. The forms that reflect changes in the deposition environments correspond to coastal arrows and dune fields which are sensitive areas to the contributions of sediments between systems.
Magill, Natalie. "Granulometry, partitioning and speciation of urban source area snow pollutants generated from vehicular transportation and infrastructure." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0041129.
Full textSantos, Juliana Rodrigues Siviero dos. "Estudo da biomassa torrada de resíduos florestais de eucalipto e bagaço de cana-de-açúcar para fins energéticos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-20122011-084742/.
Full textThe objective of this study was to analyze the effect of the heat treatment application, with different intensities in forest residues of Eucalyptus grandis and sugar cane bagasse in order to improve its features to use as fuel. The biomasses were subjected to laboratory heat treatments comprising temperatures of 250 and 280°C during 0,5 and 2,0 hours. After that, the original and treated biomasses were subjected to laboratory tests including: chemical composition (lignin and extractives), immediate composition by determining the levels of volatiles, fixed carbon and ash, calorific value, thermogravimetry, grain size and friability. The results show that there is an influence of temperature on the yields of biomass analyzed. In general, the treatments with higher temperatures present lower yield. There was an increase in fixed carbon content, reducing the volatile components and ash content increased for both biomasses. The two materials showed very similar behavior on chemical composition. The increase of the intensity of heat treatment caused an increase in lignin content of the materials. It was possible to observe that the heat treatment presented an influence on particle size reduction and increases friability in both the forest residues of Eucalyptus grandis and sugar cane bagasse.
Loureiro, Joana Filipa Gabriel. "Impacto da granulometria do farelo de arroz nas características tecnológicas e sensoriais de alimentos sem glúten." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10917.
Full textCurrently, with the technologies development, the number of diagnosed cases of celiac patients has increased. However the prices of gluten-free foods are still high compared with equivalent products to the non-celiac population. Thus, there is a need to create products with the same purpose, using the rice industry byproducts, like bran and rice flour. This way the products could be presented with lowest prices to consumers. The development of gluten-free products is a technological challenge, because of the absence of gluten, which means that the forming structure must be achieved in an alternative way, namely by the incorporation of other ingredients and/or processing steps. Throughout the work was done fresh pasta and mixtures of gluten-free development like crackers, pizza crust and bread, using byproducts from the rice industry, including flour and bran rice, with the main objective of study the impact of particle size bran in their technological and sensory characteristics. Sensory analysis was the starting point to know the preference between the developed formulations with different rice bran particle size in order to achieve products with rheological characteristics as similar as possible to identical products with gluten. The developed products were featured in physical, chemical and sensory terms, through spread ratio, water activity, color, cooking quality parameters, texture, rheology and nutritional value. The bran incorporation originated products with technological and sensory characteristics most desirable
Ryan, Adrienne. "Are sand dunes of the lower Lachlan floodplain a graveyard for parna?" Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Natural Resources, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/911.
Full textFilho, Clonilo Moreira Sindeaux de Oliveira. "Estudo do Efeito de Diferentes Granulometrias no Comportamento MecÃnico de Misturas AsfÃlticas Densas DescontÃnuas Tipo Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA)." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1146.
Full textNo meio rodoviÃrio brasileiro, que detÃm 96,2% da matriz de transporte de passageiros e 61,8% da matriz de cargas, à flagrante a deterioraÃÃo dos revestimentos asfÃlticos provocada pelo crescente aumento do volume e do peso das cargas transportadas. Tal configuraÃÃo contribui sobremaneira para o surgimento de defeitos, destacando-se as deformaÃÃes permanentes e o trincamento por fadiga. Por outro lado, o estado do Cearà revela uma carÃncia por rodovias pavimentadas, onde apenas 16,0% da malha possuem algum tipo de revestimento asfÃltico. A mistura asfÃltica Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) surgiu hà alguns anos como soluÃÃo para combater defeitos em rodovias com elevadas solicitaÃÃes de carga. Alguns estudos, contudo, mostram que SMAs com granulometrias de tamanho mÃximo nominal (TMN) menores que os tradicionalmente utilizados oferecem desempenhos semelhantes aos SMAs com TMN usuais. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi dosar misturas SMA com granulometrias distintas para estudar algumas caracterÃsticas desse tipo de mistura, investigando a influÃncia (i) do TMN, (ii) do percentual de agregado passante na peneira N 4 (4,75mm) para SMAs com TMN de 12,5mm e (iii) do tipo de compactaÃÃo (Marshall à Superpave) no comportamento mecÃnico das mesmas por meio dos ensaios de (i) mÃdulo de resiliÃncia (MR), (ii) resistÃncia à traÃÃo (RT), (iii) fadiga à tensÃo controlada, (iv) resistÃncia à traÃÃo retida (RTR) por umidade induzida e (v) desgaste CÃntabro. Os resultados reforÃam a noÃÃo de que SMAs com pequeno TMN apresentam desempenhos comparÃveis a SMAs tradicionais, sendo o SMA com TMN de 4,75 um atrativo como potencial soluÃÃo para a pavimentaÃÃo cearense, considerando as caracterÃsticas de trÃfego da malha do estado.
In Brazilian roadways, which concentrate 96.2% of the passengers and 61.8% of the cargo, it is clear the deterioration of asphalt pavements caused by an increasing volume and weight of the vehicle loadings. This configuration strongly contributes to pavement distresses, specially rutting and fatigue cracking. On another hand, the state of Cearà shows a lack of paved roadways, with only 16.0% of paved roads. The Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) mixture appeared a few years ago as a solution for minimizing distresses on roadways with high traffic levels. Some researches, however, demonstrate that SMA mixtures with small Nominal Maximum Aggregate Sizes (NMAS) offer similar performances to SMA mixtures with usual NMAS. The objective of the present research was to design SMA mixtures with different gradations in order to study some characteristics of this type of mixture, investigating the effect (i) of the NMAS, (ii) of the percentage of aggregate passing in sieve N. 4 (4.75mm) for 12.5mm NMAS SMA mixtures and (iii) of the compaction type (Marshall à Superpave) on the mechanical behavior of the mixtures. The mixtures were evaluated by (i) resilient modulus, (ii) indirect tensile strength, (iii) fatigue life (stress controlled), (iv) resistance to moisture damage and (v) Cantabro abrasion. The results support the idea that SMA mixtures with small NMAS behave similar to those with usual NMAS. Furthermore, the 4.75mm NMAS SMA appears to be a potential solution for roadways in CearÃ, considering the traffic configuration of this state.
D’Angelo, Raffaela Araujo. "Físico - química da água e caracterização dos sedimentos de uma micro - bacia costeira de Mata Atlântica com múltiplos usos do solo, Jacuecanga, Angra dos Reis, RJ." Niterói, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/3528.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Química. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica, Niterói, RJ
Alterações na cobertura original do solo, devido o desenvolvimento de atividades antrópicas, e o lançamento de esgoto doméstico diretamente em rios, são fatores que causam a redução na qualidade de água e sedimentos em ecossis temas aquáticos. A bacia do rio Jacuecanga (Angra dos Reis, R.J) vem sofrendo com crescentes alterações no uso do solo, principalmente, pelo crescimento populacional e o desenvolvimento de diferentes atividades industriais , o que pode acarretar a degradaçã o dos seus recursos hídricos . Esse estudo propõe a caracterização da matéria orgânica presente no canal principal d esse sistema fluvial , e de seus principais afluentes e ainda na sua região estuarina. Foram avaliados parâmetros físico - químicos da água e marcadores orgânicos moleculares, elementares e isotópicos nos sedimentos com o objetivo de compreender a influência das modificações da cobertura primária do solo sobre o aporte de material orgânico terrígeno para esses sistemas aquáticos. Foram realizada s cinco campanhas para a coleta de águas em 16 estações nos rios Jacuecanga, Caputera e Vermelho, contemplando as diferentes situações climatológicas do ano e um evento de chuva. Coletas dos sedimentos superficiais foram realizadas em 14 estações no rio e 15 na enseada. A estação (RJ2) localizada a jusante da Vila Caputera apresentou tendências a eutrofização devido ao desmatamento, exp osição do solo e ocupação humana desordenada caracterizada pelo maior aporte de carbono, nitrogênio, MPS e DBO . N a zona est uarina, o adensamento urbano da Vila de Jacuecanga foi relacionado aos altos percentuais de carbono e nitrogênio, principalmente durante eventos de chuva. As águas pluviais que drenam o pátio da Transpetro e são lançadas no rio Jacuecanga no final do trech o de água doce apresentou características alternadas entre as campanhas, com períodos de alta condutividade, e o período s com elevada concentração de MPS, sem , no entanto , interferir de forma relevante na qualidade das águas do rio Jacuecanga. Da mesma for ma a entrada lateral de águas oriundas da lagoa de estabilização e as águas do rio Vermelho com baixa concentração de oxigênio e elevado teor de material orgânico não demonstr aram alterações significativas n o rio Jacuecanga. N os sedimentos do rio Jacuecang a , o predomínio da fração arenosa seguida do cascalho demonstra a intensa hidrodinâmica e ausência de depósitos orgânicos ao longo da bacia. Na porção estuarina foi registrado elevação nos teores de matéria orgânica com a identificação de fontes de restos vegetais e de coprostanol a partir do maior adensamento urbano que ocorre em sua margem direita. Os sedimentos da enseada localizados próximo à foz do rio Jacuecanga e influenciados pela dispersão da pluma apresentaram maiores teores de matéria orgânica de qualidade terrígena (restos vegetais e efluentes domésticos). Os sedimentos marinhos, mais distantes da foz do rio, apresentaram menores teores de matéria orgânica com características fitoplânctonicas, sendo os sedimentos localizados na zona da água de mi stura com valores intermediários. Foi verificada contaminação fecal na estação mais próxima a foz do rio e influência fecal em duas estações pró ximas, porém situadas em frente ao canal de drenagem da Vila de Jacuecanga pertencente à bacia hidrográfica vizi nha
Changes in the original land use and cover due to human activities development and and launch of domestic sewage directly into rivers, are factors causing the reduction in water quality and sediments in aquatic ecosystems. The Jacuecanga river basin (Angra dos Reis, RJ) has been suffering with growing changes in land use, mainly by population growth and development of different industrial activities, which can lead to degradation of its water resources. This study proposes the characterization of organic ma tter present in the main channel of this river system, its tributaries and its estuary. We evaluated the physical - chemical and sediments molecular markers as molecular, elemental and isotopic compositions with the aim of understanding the influence of chan ges in the primary coverage of the ground on the input of terrigenous organic material for these aquatic systems. A total of five samples were obtained at 16 stations on the rivers Jacuecanga, Caputera and Vermelho rivers , contemplating the various climate conditions of the year and a rain event. Sampling of surface sediments were performed at 14 stations in the river and 15 at the bay. The station (RJ2) located downstream of Vila Caputera showed trends of eutrophication due to deforestation, soil exposure and disorderly urban occupation characterized by greater intake of carbon, nitrogen, BOD and SPM . In the estuarine zone, the density of the urban Vila Jacuecanga was related to high percentages of carbon and nitrogen, especially during rain events. Rainwat er draining Transpetro Plant are discharged into the river at the end of the stretch of Jacuecanga freshwater and showed features alternating between the dry season with high conductivity, and the rainy season with high concentrations of SPM , but did not interfere relevant ly in water quality of river Jacuecanga. Likewise, the side entrance of water coming from the stabilization pond and the waters of the Vermelho River with low oxygen and high content of organic material did not show significant changes in river. In the sediments of Jacuecanga river were observed the p redominance of the sandy fraction demonstrat ing the intense hydrodynamics and lack of organic deposits along the basin. In the estuarine portion was recorded high er organic matter content with the identification of sources of vegetal remains and coprostanol from the greater urban density that occurs in the right margin. The sediments of bay located near the mouth of the river Jacuecanga and influenced by the plume showed higher levels of terrig enous organic matter quality ( vegetal remains and effluents). Marine sediments, most distant from the river mouth, had lower levels of organic matter with phytoplankton characteristic . S ediments located in the zone of mixing water presented intermediate va lues. Fecal contamination was checked at the station nearest the river mouth and fecal influence in two nearby stations, but located outside the drainage channel of the Village of Jacuecanga belonging to neighboring watershed.
Jobánek, Jaromír. "Opimalizace typů, granulometrie a tvaru jemných částic pro speciální betony." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392349.
Full textSeghilani, Mohamed Seghir. "Highly coherent III-V-semiconductor laser emitting phase-, amplitude- and polarization-structured light for advanced sensing applications : Vortex, SPIN, Feedback Dynamics." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS207/document.
Full textThe goal of this PhD thesis is the study, design and the development of highly coherent III-V semiconductor laser sources based on multi-quantum wells (InGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs) Vertical-External-Cavity-Surface-Emitting-Laser (VeCSEL), operating in the near infra-red (IR), and emitting high order Laguerre-Gauss (LG) and Hermite-Gauss (HG) modes. These modes, usually called ‘complex' or ‘structured' light, have a complex wavefronts, amplitudes and polarizations structures. We especially focus on lasers with modes carrying OAM, and also on sources with controlled photon's spin. These modes are of great interest for the development optical systems in several fields, such as telecommunications, optical tweezers, atom trapping and cooling, and sensing applications. We need to study the light eigenstates in high-finesse laser cavities, we describe these eigenstates with respect to the three axis of the light that define the photon state: longitudinal (frequency), transverse (spatial), and polarization. For each one of these axis, we study the physical ingredients governing mode formation, and develop the theoretical tools required for the calculation of the eigenmodes in non-conventional cavities.In a second step, as the mode selection in a laser involves light-matter interaction, we focus on dynamic study by writing the semi classical Maxwell-Bloch equations for our lasers. These equations allow us to study the role of temporal dynamics in laser mode selection, as well as the path the steady state. We use these theoretical models to explain some none /poorly understood questions, and which lead sometimes to erroneous interpretations in the scientific literature. We see in particular the question of the spontaneous selection of the wavefront handedness in vortex modes. We also address the development and the characterization of a III-V semiconductor based technology that enables us to efficiently select the wanted mode in the eigenbasis. We adopt an approach based on metamaterials integrated on the semiconductor gain structure (1/2- VCSEL) that play the role of a phase and amplitude mask. We use this technology to build a laser cavity that lifts the degeneracy and breaks the symmetry between vortex modes with opposite handedness. These two effects are of paramount importance when one wants to select a vortex mode with a well-defined charge and handedness. In order to control the polarization modes, we study the polarization properties of the optical cavity and the quantum-well based gain medium: the birefringence the dichroism, and the spin-flip time in the quantum wells. We make use of these elements to generate the wanted polarization states: stable linear, and circular carrying an angular momentum controlled via the pump spin. In the end, we present the design and building of a feedback laser sensor (self-mixing) for linear and rotational velocimetry, using a laser source emitting a vortex beam. This sensor shows an example of a measurement inaccessible using conventional laser sources. It takes advantage of the orbital angular momentum of the vortex beam to measure both translational and rotational velocities using the Doppler effect. We end this part by presenting other possible sensor designs for particle sizing, using other exotic modes generated in this work
Santos, Andreia Carvalho dos. "Análise ecotoxicológica de sedimento do estuário da Baía de Vitória (ES) com diferentes granulometrias." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2011. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/6158.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
A Baía de Vitória (ES) abrange um sistema estuarino importante, contendo um dos complexos portuários mais importantes do país. As atividades portuárias associadas à intensa urbanização causam prejuízos ambientais para a região, incluindo constantes dragagens e aterros. A principal fonte de contaminação na região é o lançamento de esgoto da drenagem continental. O presente trabalho caracteriza os sedimentos de alguns pontos da baía quanto à localização, granulometria e toxicidade visando contribuir para a análise da legislação sobre monitoramento do sedimento em eventos de dragagem. Durante a remobilização, o sedimento é ressuspenso juntamente com os contaminantes para a coluna d água podendo gerar impactos tanto no local dragado como no de disposição. Para avaliar a toxicidade do sedimento com diferentes granulometrias foram realizados monitoramentos, incluindo ensaios ecotoxicológicos agudos com a bactéria Vibrio fischeri e crônicos com a microalga Skeletonema costatum. As análises físico-químicas e os testes com Skeletonema costatum foram feitos com elutriato e os testes com Vibrio fischeri com água intersticial. Foram selecionados 9 diferentes pontos de coleta de sedimento com diversos teores de areia e de lama. Os resultados obtidos com os ensaios ecotoxicológicos indicaram correspondência entre a toxicidade do sedimento e a proximidade com as fontes de contaminação. Porém, o mesmo não ocorreu para a relação teor de lama e contaminação. Alguns pontos de coleta, embora o percentual de lama fosse baixo (≤ 10%), apresentaram toxicidade, o que contribui para uma discussão sobre as diretrizes e procedimentos da Resolução Conama 344/04. Sendo assim, foi verificado que não se pode destituir de monitoramento o sedimento de um estuário ou baía apenas pela granulometria - independente do volume a ser dragado - sem se referir à questão da contaminação e da proximidade de fontes de contaminação
The Bay of Vitória (ES, Brazil) comprises an important estuarine system and one of the most significant port complexes in Brazil. Port activities along with intense urbanization are responsible for environmental damages in the area, including constant dredging and landfills. The main source of contamination in the area is sewage dumping from continental drainage. This study characterizes sediments from some points of the bay according to location, granulometry, and toxicity in order to contribute to analyzing the laws regulating sediment monitoring during dredging events. During remobilization, sediment is resuspended with contaminants to the water column, which can cause impacts on both dredged and disposal areas. Sediment toxicity with different grain sizes was assessed through acute ecotoxicological testing with bacterium Vibrio fischeri, and chronic ecotoxicological testing with microalgae Skeletonema costatum. The physical-chemical analyses and tests with Skeletonema costatum were performed through elutriation, and the tests with Vibrio fischeri used interstitial water. Nine (9) different sediment collection points, with varied sand and mud contents, were selected. The results obtained from ecotoxicological testing showed correspondence between sediment toxicity and proximity to contamination sources. However, this was not found for the relation between mud content and contamination. Some collection points presented toxicity despite the fact that mud content was low (≤ 10%). This contributes to the discussion about the guidelines and proceedings in the CONAMA (Brazilian Council for the Environment) Resolution 344/04. We verified that sediments of an estuary or bay cannot be deprived from monitoring based only on grading regardless of the amount being dredged without taking the contamination and proximity to contamination sources into account
Jones, Hillary A. "Assessing Paleoenvironmental and Geomorphic Variability in Relationship to Paleoindian Site Burial; Centennial Valley, Montana." DigitalCommons@USU, 2019. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7482.
Full textLuz, Marta Pereira da. "Análise dos resultados do ensaio CBR realizado em condições variadas de umidade pós-compactação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18137/tde-13052016-160533/.
Full textThe aim of this dissertation is to evaluate the variation influence of the moisture content on the value of the CBR support index of a granulometrically stabilized crushed stone and six soils. The soils studied were divided into three pairs with similar particle size distribution curves and same HRB and USCS classification. Each pair is formed by a soil of lateritic and non-lateritic behaviors. The specimens were moulded in the optimum moisture content and maximum dry density obtained from the results of the standard Proctor tests. The materials were analysed under four moisture conditions: without immersion, after reaching half of the stabilization moisture, and after four and eight days of immersion. The internal moisture distribution of the specimens was observed for each situation. The internal distribution moisture was observed for each situation. The influence of the aging of the loose and compacted materials was analysed for four days without immersion in the test results of CBR. According to the results it was possible to correlate the influence of both granulometry and genesis of the materials on test results of CBR support index in the diverse moisture conditions evaluated.
Filho, Marcos Antonio Borotti. "Evolução dos manguezais do norte da Ilha do Cardoso (Cananéia - SP), desde o Pleistoceno tardio." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64134/tde-03092013-142831/.
Full textFor the present work, three cores where sampled on the \"João Cardoso (JC)\", \"Ipaneminha (IPA)\" and \"Perequê (PE)\" mangroves, located at the northern face of the Cardoso Island. A interdisciplinary study involving facies, radiocarbon dating, elementary and isotopic carbon and nitrogen, granulometric and palynological analysis were carried with the objective of describing the vegetation and sedimentary evolution, with climatic inferences. Between 250 and 166 cm, the JC core is primarily constituted by grayish medium sand progressing to very fine sand, with ages of ~33.000 (198cm) and ~29.450 (166) cal yr AP. Total Organic Carbon (TOC) of 0,044% to 0,633%, Total Nitrogen (NT) of 0,001 to 0,017%, C/N ratios of 7 to 30, \'delta\'13C of -18,49 to -24,46%o and \'delta\'15N of 2,48 to 8,13%o indicates mixture of C3and C4 terrestrial plants and phytoplantonic sources. Palynology show predominance of the arboreal elements Alchornea, Drymis, Ilex, Myrsine, Myrtaceae, Podocarpus e Weinmannia (up to 10% of total, each) , Cyathea and Polypodium spores (up to 20%), caracteristic of humid and cold climate. From 166 to 70 cm the facies show plane-paralell cross-bedded stratification marked by dark gray medium sand, indicating an inter-tidal environment. This layer represents a hiatus of ca. ~27.000 yr of original sedimentation, probably eroded on the Santos marine transgression. Cores IPA and PE presents similar facies at their bases (170 and 140 cm, respectively) up to near 60 cm. At 163 cm, the IPA core shows age of ~2.000 cal yr AP, and no palynomorphs. On top of this sandy facies are layers of sandy/silty/clayey bioturbated sediments, with an abundance of root, shells and plant debris. Since . ~850 cal yr AP, the isotopic and elementary values show a gradual substitution of the phytoplanctonic source of the sedimentary organic matter to a terrestrial C3 plant source on the three cores. Palynology also shows a similar pattern between the three records?, with Alchornea, Arecaceae, Fabaceae, Hedyosmum, Myrsine, Myrtaceae, Podocarpus, Sloanea, Weinmannia taxons the most well represented between the trees, with Cyathea e Polypodium, Poaceae e Cyperaceae with up to 30% of the total. These are characteristic of the Pluvial and sandbank forests. Rhizophora show an increase in this period from 5 to 22%, indicating the establishment and evolution of the mangrove vegetation on the area since ~850 cal yr AP. Palinoforaminifera and dinocyst show a diminishing pattern (from 15 to 4%) through this period, indicating a progressive decrease of the marine influence at the area, evolving an intertidal to a supratidal zone, following a decrease of local sea level during the late Holocene. This data contributes to a better understanding of the late Pleistocene environment evolution in the southeastern Brazilian coast
Maruta, Ricardo Hitoshi. "Um novo algoritmo de granulometria com aplicação em caracterização de nanoestruturas de silício." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3140/tde-12122011-145321/.
Full textGranulometry is the process of measuring the size distribution of objects in an image of granular material. Usually, algorithms based on mathematical morphology or edge detection are used for this task. We propose a entirely new approach for the granulometry using the cross correlations with circles of different sizes. This technique is primarily adequate for detecting circular shaped objects, but it can be extended to other shapes using other correlation kernels. Experiments show that the new algorithm is greatly robust to noise and can detect even faint objects and/or objects with partial superposition. This paper also reports the quantitative structural characteristics of the porous silicon layer based on the proposed algorithm applied to Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images. The new algorithm, that we call Granul, computes the size distribution of pores and classifies the pores in circular or square ones. We relate these quantitative results to the fabrication process and discuss the square porous silicon formation mechanism. The new algorithm shows to be reliable in SEM images processing and is a promising tool to control the pores formation process.
Júnior, Valdomiro Severino de Souza. "Mineralogia de solos e ambientes de sedimentação em manguezais do Estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-05042006-142238/.
Full textMangroves are formed by groups of trees and shrubs that develop in the intertidal zone of tropical regions. This ecosystem to establish in the interface of both marine and continental environment, present its formation related to the sea-level fluctuations during the quaternary period, where the terrigenous and marine sediments are deposited in rivers valleys, edges of lagoons and bays. The knowledge of both particle distribution and minerals constituent of soils in estuarines areas, can aid to understand the processes of sedimentation and geochemistry in this site. This study was carried out with mangroves distributed along the São Paulo State coast, and aims to characterize the sedimentary environments in accordance with grain size and process of quaternary evolution, to determine qualitatively and semiquantitatively the mineralogical assemblage and to identify the smectites types in these soils. Samples were collected from 14 mangroves soils at the layers 0-20 and 60-80cm, and also was collected sediment in suspension of the Ribeira de Iguape River, and samples of different depths for dating. The clay, silt and total sand sizes and 5 sand fractions were determined, radiocarbon dating were carried out by liquid scintillation counting and accelerator mass spectrometry in humin fraction of the soil organic matter and by thermoluminescence of quartz grains. The mineralogical analyses were carried out by XRD, FTIR, TEM, SEM, DTA and GTA in silt and clay sizes and in the sediment in suspension, also was made the Greene-Kelly test to identify the smectites type. According to the results we concluded that the mangroves soils from São Paulo State have different textures varying from sandy up to very clay, also occuring high silt contents. All the mangroves are holocenic, with ages varying from 410 yr B.P. to 3,700 yr; the particle distribution is related to the current geomorphological setting of the estuary and the origin of coastal sediments. The mineralogical assemblage is constituted of pyrite, nontronite, kaolinite, illite, biotite, gibbsite, quartz, feldspars, and locally occurs goethite, vermiculite, halloysite and anatase; the aloctones minerals are from both the terrigenous and marine origin; the difference between geomorphological settings along the coastal plain rules mineral distribution, and still it was inferred the neoformation of esmectita and kaolinite and that the process of organic matter mineralization in these soils may be using Fe3+ from nontronite as an electron acceptor.
Sales, Nicolas Coelho. "Influência dos compostos na manufatura por impressão 3Dprinter no comportamento mecânico biomodelos /." Ilha Solteira, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152079.
Full textResumo: Na medicina atual, uma técnica destaca-se cada vez mais, a biomodelagem. Esta técnica consiste na construção de um biomodelo físico a partir de imagens bidimensionais (de tomografias, ressonâncias, ultrassom), que são tratadas e através de softwares transformadas em um biomodelo virtual que por fim torna-se um biomodelo físico, impresso por uma impressora tridimensional, possibilitando a equipe médica, a percepção de detalhes dificilmente observados apenas através de imagens bidimensionais. Porém o material importado utilizado na biomodelagem é de custo elevado. Neste trabalho o objetivo foi através de uma formulação tida como ideal, publicada no artigo de (Meira), variar as porcentagens de sua composição, o ligante utilizado, o método de mistura, as granulometrias dos pós e adicionar um novo constituinte (sulfato de magnésio), e assim, adquirir um material mais barato e observar qual a influência da composição e granulometria em propriedades fundamentais para a qualidade de um pó para manufatura aditiva, tais como fluidez para distribuição homogênea, alto empacotamento das partículas para maximizar a densidade das peças, espessura da camada maior que as dimensões dos aglomerados e bom acabamento superficial após a camada ser depositada. Posteriormente, foram produzidos corpos de prova com diferentes composições, granulometrias e submetidos a ensaios de compressão e flexão três pontos. Após estes ensaios, médias e desvios padrões foram calculados para cada composição e granul... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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Fabre, André. "Heterogeneite des sediments dans un reservoir a fort marnage et etude experimentale de la solubilisation du phosphore." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30049.
Full textKoulinski, Vincent. "Etude de la formation d'un lit torrentiel par confrontation d'essais sur modèle réduit et d'observations de terrain." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10211.
Full textRazik, Sebastian [Verfasser], Tilo von [Akademischer Betreuer] Dobeneck, and Cristiano M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Chiessi. "How magnetics and granulometry of continental margin sediments reflect terrestrial and marine environments of South America and West Africa / Sebastian Razik. Gutachter: Tilo von Dobeneck ; Cristiano M. Chiessi. Betreuer: Tilo von Dobeneck." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1072226529/34.
Full textArmijos, Cardenas Elisa Natalia. "Propagation des flux de sédiments en suspension sur l'Amazone de Tamshiyacu (Pérou) à Obidos (Brésil) : variabilité spatio-temporelle." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30332/document.
Full textThe sediments flux in Amazon Basin have an important role on the aquatic biodiversity and richness in the floodplains because the nutrients and organic matter attached on suspended sediments are deposited in these zones. The aim of this study is to understand the spatial and temporal distribution of sediments flux in the Amazon River, therefore were select four gauging station located along of Amazon Riven from Peru to Brazil. In each gauging station was make superficial samples each ten days and samples in the section in different times of hydrological period. Turbidity profiles and granulometry measuring were made too in each gauging station. In the Andean region, it is observed a relationship between the suspended sediments concentration and discharge, however, this relationship become a hysteresis in the plain especially in the Óbidos gauging station located at 870 km before of mouth. This result can be by the contribution of influx poor in suspended sediments from Guyanese and Brazilian shields. In 3000 km of long from Peru to Brazil plain, the suspended sediments is composed by two well-defined types of suspended sediments: fine sediments (10-20 µm) and coarse sediments (100-250 µm). The percentage of each type of sediments in the main river is different during the hydrologic regime. Peak of fine sediments is observed in the same period of peak of rainfall (December to March) and peak of coarse sediments is observed in flood period (May to July). The Andean and sub-Andean basin gauging station show the coarse sediments in surface due to great turbulence and low depths. Therefore, this gauging station show a relationship between the suspended sediments concentration in surface and average suspended sediments concentration in section, with this relation is possible to calculate the suspended sediments flux. Hence the Peruvian basin provide 540 Mt year -1. However in the Brazilian plain the context is different, the depth is from 40 to 100 m, becoming almost null the presence of coarse sediments in the surface. Therefore, cannot use the relationship between suspended sediments concentration in surface and average suspended sediments concentration in section. When the Óbidos gauging station is analysed, it found there is a relationship between suspended sediments concentration in surface and average of fine suspended sediments concentration. It is observed too, that there is the relationship between coarse suspended sediments concentration and discharge. Therefore, it is possible to calculate of suspended sediments flux using these two relationships. The Amazon River export 1100 Mt year-1 of suspended sediments at Óbidos gauging station, of which 60% correspond at fine sediments flux and 40% to coarse sediments flux. It is observed that the suspended sediments are sensitivity of climate variability, generally El Niño events is associate with increase of fine suspended sediments and La Niña events increase a percentage of coarse sediments in Amazon River. It is using the turbidity for determinate of suspended sediments concentration, we use this technique due the high frequency in acquisition of data. However for use the turbidity is necessary the previous calibration. It was observed that the turbidity signal is an addition to the signal emitted by the particles in one sample and with this assumption the Rose model was used to separate the concentration signal obtained by the turbidity of the two types of sediments present in the Amazon River, fine particles and sand. Therefore, it was obtained the concentration profiles to fine sediments and the concentration profiles to the sand. It is observed during the rising period that the fine sediments profiles show a strong gradient, however in the flood periods this gradient reduce come a constant in all section. These results show that turbidity and Rouse model can be used for prediction of suspended concentration in Amazon River
Junior, Julio Eduardo Tavares. "Volume e granulometria do substrato na formação de mudas de café." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-22092004-145858/.
Full textThe objectives of this research are the evaluation of substrate volume and granulometer influence - used in production of coffee seedlings in plastic tubes - on coffee plants growth, the time of seedlings development and also seedling-substrate handling stability. The investigation was carried out in a nursery at Coffee Experimental Center of IAC, SP, Brazil, with the cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144 (Coffea arabica L.). Nine treatments were tested with 4 replicates and the experimental design used was randomized blocks with 3x3 factorial composed by 3 substrate volumes (50, 120 and 200 cm3) and 3 granulometer substrate levels obtained by the following granulometer compositions: 100% of substrate on original granulometer, 100% of crushed substrate and the mix, in volume, of 50% of substrate on original granulometer and 50% of crushed substrate. The substrate volume and granulometer influence on coffee seedlings growth was evaluated by determination of growth parameters of shoot and root as: number of leaves, seedling height, stem diameter, root and shoot dry matter, total leaf area, average leaf area, first leaf area, root length and surface. In addition to these parameters, the time of seedlings development and seedling-substrate handling stability were also investigated. The seedlings growth depend on substrate volume and granulometer, being higher when 200 cm3 of substrate volume are used keeping an equal proportion of the different substrate granulometers (original and crushed). The time of seedlings growth did show a correlation with the substrate volume demanding 134, 124 and 81 days for developing the 4th leaf pair when the plants developed in 50, 120 and 200 cm3 of substrate, respectivelly. The seedling-substrate handling stability differs with recipient size, while the granulometer reduction increases the seedling-substrate stability.
Kichah, Emmanuelle. "Architecture racinaire des espèces herbacées : diversité de mise en place et plasticité." Thesis, Avignon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AVIG0675.
Full textIn many revegetation projects, the soil is the main obstacle to the establishment of plants. It is therefore essential to know how the root systems are set up in the ground. The root systems establishment is the expression of the genetic heritage guided by the constraints of the environment. In this document we first presented the root systems development of herbaceous species resulting from genetic and then we presented its plasticity face to soil constraints. The species do not have a single root system, but a combination of root systems that are implemented gradually. We present here a typology and classification of root systems depending on their location and on the bearing-organ involvement in the vegetative multiplication of the species. We are also interested in the effect of soil constraints on the development of root architecture: the penetration resistance is a recurring stress even in cultivated land and the gross porosity is a stress present in soils reworked. Experiments were conducted on a variety of herbaceous species to compare their root architecture with or without a stress zone. Regarding the penetration resistance, we find and generalize the results obtained by other researchers on other herbaceous species such as the decreasing root growth rate or the increasing root diameter at the level of the stress. Similarly, we find the traits predicting the penetration such as root apical diameter and root growth rates and we highlight the root dry matter content with a negative correlation. Regarding the gross porosity, we observe an effect on root growth rate, root apical diameter and primordia development when the porosity is very gross
Bernardoni, E. "FIELD-SCALE ASSESSMENT OF NUTRIENT AND SOIL LOSSES DURING SURFACE RUNOFF EVENTS, IN AN OLTREPÒ PAVESE (SOUTHERN LOMBARDY ¿ ITALIAN REGION) VINEYARD HILL." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/218169.
Full textMikhailova, Olesia. "Studium možností efektivního využívání a aktivace aktivních příměsí do betonu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226737.
Full textGirault, Marie. "Etude d'un plasma généré lors d'un traitement de surface métallique par ablation laser dans l'air : caractérisations du rayonnement et des nanoparticules induits." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS028/document.
Full textThe interaction of a laser beam of short pulse duration with metallic materials such as aluminum, iron or titanium is characterized by the presence of a high energy and strongly ionized plume (plasma). The aim of this study is to understand the mechanisms involved in plasma, created when laser-target interaction, which lead to the formation of nanoparticles. We would generally consider the dynamic expansion in the air of the plasma plume formed with a nanosecond Nd:YAG laser to specify the conditions of formation of these particles and their morphological and structural characteristics. Thus, this work is divided onto two parts. In the first part, we present the experimental characterization of the expansion of the plume in the air. The radiation induced by plasma allows to extracting the plasma characteristics. Two complementary methods were used: atomic spectrometry which allows to doing a physical analysis of plasma and spectral fast imagery to obtain a morphological analysis. The second part is devoted to the characterization of particles formed in the same operating conditions. In order to analyzing the particles as close to their formation environment, an analysis “in flight” of particle size distribution is implemented by EEPS granulometry. This experiment is preparatory at an analysis by in-situ Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (S.A.X.S.) under a controlled atmosphere, which allows to studying the influence of oxygen on the size and the morphology of the particles
Deshors, Marine. "Investigation of industrial enzymatic cocktail for deconstruction of wheat bran by combining in-situ physical and ex-situ biochemical analyses." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAT0042.
Full textEnzyme cocktails, such as Rovabio®, which is rich of hydrolytic enzymes are used as feed additives to favor degradation of non-starch polysaccharides present in wheat, a major feed in poultry industry. The deconstruction mechanism of wheat bran, part of the seed mainly composed of fiber, is still fairly unclear. This PhD aims to highlight these mechanisms using a multi-instrumented bioreactor that allowed to combine in-situ physical and ex-situ biochemical analyses. This multiscale approach stands as an alternative and original approach which is rarely considered in animal nutrition. This work highlights that Rovabio® action occurred in two concurrent process, namely fragmentation and solubilization phenomena which take place within the first 2 h after addition of the enzyme cocktail. It is then followed by a particle fragmentation which was not accompanied by any sugars solubilization. Thus, in spite of the abundant and very active hydrolytic enzyme activities in Rovabio®, the deconstruction of destarched wheat bran was however limited to 37% of w/w. At variance to Rovabio®, xylanase added alone was capable of solubilization activity (same final release of xylose and arabinose) but the fragmentation was much weaker by only disorganizing the fibrous network and hence led to particle disaggregation. Altogether, these results confirmed the importance of the enzyme mixtures which act in a synergistic manner to readily solubilize wheat bran. Our results also indicated that the limitation of Rovabio® action upon wheat bran degradation may come from physical inaccessibility of the substrate as it could be partially overcome by enhancing the substrate specific surface by a mechanical treatment and/or due to some missing or limiting enzyme activity as shown by a slight increase in solubilization following addition of some pectinases cocktails that are poorly represented in Rovabio®. Nevertheless, these complementary actions were still insufficient for complete hydrolysis of wheat bran. To conclude, this work draws attention to plant cell wall-deconstructing enzymes or active proteins which are able to attack the biomass minor structures and disorganize its network in order to increase substrate accessibility to enzymes that cleave backbone structures
SILVA, Gilvan. "Caracterização e digestibilidade dos farelos fino e grosso de trigo." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2006. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6779.
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The objective of this work was to evaluate chemical composition and digestibility of the fine and rough wheat bran. Samples of the food were analyzed for granulometry, water absorption and retention capacity, pH, matter dry (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin (LIG), total carbohydrates (TCH) and no fiber carbohydrates (NFC), nitrogen fractions (A,B1, B2, B3 and C). Six male, non-castrated goats, 22 Kg live weight individually held in metabolism cages were used to evaluate the digestibility. The animals were fed Tifton hay (Cynodon dactylon) and fine or rough wheat bran (50:50 and 80:20 for fine wheat bran, and 60:40 e 70:30 for hough wheat bran). The equation system was used to determine the digestibility coefficients. Both wheat bran have similar pH, water absorption and retention capacity, and differ in particles granulometry. In fine wheat bran 99.3% of the particles are smaller than 1.18 mm, while in the rough one 31.3% are smaller and 68.4% are larger than 1.18 mm. The chemical composition was similar, except for CP, higher in the fine wheat bran (18.2 x 15.85%), NDF and ADF, higher in rough wheat bran (53.29 and 48.22% x 42.72 and 38.07%). Nitrogen fractions B2 and C were, respectively, 45% and 6% for bothwheat bran. The digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, CP, EE, TCHO, NDF, NDFcp, hemicellulose and cellulose were, respectively, 61.33, 68.62, 76.22, 70.00, 67.32, 66.78,65.75, 72.95, and 68.39% for rough wheat bran and 57.95, 60.36, 63.82, 59.29, 59.84, 56.92, 56.35, 65.23 and 58.56%. Fine and rough wheat bran can be used as an alternative food for goats feeding.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a composição química e a digestibilidade dos farelos fino e grosso de trigo. Amostras dos alimentos foram analisadas para determinação da granulometria, capacidade de absorção e retenção de água, pH, matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), extrato etéreo (EE), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), lignina (LIG), carboidratos totais (CHOT) e não fibrosos (CNF), frações nitrogenadas (A, B1, B2 B3 e C). Para determinação da digestibilidade e dos nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT), utilizaram-se seis caprinos machos, não castrados, com peso vivo médio de 22 Kg, alojados em gaiolas metabólicas. As dietas foram feno de Tifton (Cynodon dactylon) e farelo fino ou grosso em duas relações volumoso:concentrado (50:50 e 80:20 para o ensaio com o farelo fino, 60:40 e 70:30 para o ensaio com farelo grosso). Foi utilizado o sistema de equações para os cálculos de digestibilidade. Os dois farelos possuem semelhante pH, capacidade de retenção e de absorção de água, mas diferem na granulometria das partículas. No farelo fino 99,3 % das partículas são menores que 1,18 mm, enquanto no farelo grosso apenas 31,3 % são menores e 68,4 % são maiores que 1,18 mm. A composição química foi semelhante,exceto pelos percentuais de PB, maior no farelo fino (18,2 x 15,85 %), FDN e FDA, mais elevados no farelo grosso (53,29 e 48,22 % x 42,72 e 38,07 %). Ambos os farelos apresentaram em média 45% da fração B2 e 6% na fração C. O consumo de matéria seca da ração com farelo fino (661,75g/dia) foi superior àquela com farelo grosso (567,42 g/dia),entretanto, o consumo de NDT foi semelhante (383,94 e 437,62 g/dia, respectivamente). Oscoeficientes de digestibilidade da MS, MO, PB, EE, CHOT, FDN, FDNp, Hemicelulose e Celulose (61,33; 68,62; 76,22; 70,00; 67,32; 66,78; 65,75; 72,95 e 68,39%,respectivamente) do farelo grosso foram significativamente superiores (P<0,05) aos do farelo fino (57,95; 60,36; 63,82; 59,29; 59,84; 56,92; 56,35; 65,23 e 58,56%,respectivamente). Portanto, pode-se concluir que os farelos de trigo (fino e grosso) podem ser utilizados como alimento alternativo na alimentação de caprinos.
Newell, John T. "Pixel classification by morphological granulometric features /." Online version of thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11210.
Full textČervinková, Lenka. "Sledování melitelnosti slínkových minerálů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-295658.
Full textGranito, Renata Neves. "Potencial osteogênico in vivo de uma nova vitrocerâmica bioativa (Biosilicato®)." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/5107.
Full textUniversidade Federal de Sao Carlos
Bioactive materials have the ability to bond and to integrate with bone tissue by forming a biologically active bonelike apatite layer, which has chemical and structural properties equivalent to the mineral phase of living bone. This process is determined by chemical reactions, whose products also influence the attachment, the proliferation, the differentiation and the mineralizing capacity of bone cells. Cellular responses contribute to the bioactive behavior, which is known for being higher in glass materials. However, as low mechanical properties are also inherent characteristics of glasses, researchers from Federal University of Sao Carlos were stimulated to develop nucleation and growth thermal treatments for the obtainment of the Biosilicate®, a fully-crystallized bioactive glassceramic of the quaternary system P2O5-Na2O-CaO-SiO2. Although a high in vitro osteogenic potential of this novel glass-ceramic has been previously demonstrated, its in vivo effects have not been investigated yet. To contribute to this knowledge, two studies were developed. The first one aimed to investigate the in vivo biological performance of Biosilicate® in bone defects of rat tibias, by means of hystomorphometric and biomechanical analyses 20 days after the surgical procedure. This study revealed that the fully-crystallized Biosilicate® has good bone-forming and bone-bonding properties. Hence, the second study aimed to compare the kinetics of the bone reactions to two different granulometric distributions of this novel glass-ceramic. Although they were both efficient for bone formation, smaller-sized particles of Biosilicate® showed partial reabsortion, which was accompanied by a more pronounced osteogenic activity within the period of time studied. Since positive results were obtained, the search for scaffolds that could serve as supports for the guided bone regeneration had started. A third study preliminarily evaluated cell culture and cocultures in porous structures made of Biosilicate® and of other chemical compositions that were specifically developed for this purpose. The findings suggest that, when in adjusted conditions, the scaffolds can create favorable cellular responses for bone tissue engineering purposes. Taken togheter, these studies point to a promising potential and provide directives for the use of Biosilicate® in bone regenerative processes.
Materiais bioativos possuem a capacidade de se ligar ao tecido ósseo por meio da formação de uma interface apatítica que apresenta similaridade química e estrutural com a fase mineral dos ossos. Esse processo ocorre devido a uma série de reações químicas, cujos produtos também influenciam a adesão, a proliferação, a diferenciação e a capacidade de mineralização da matriz pelas células ósseas. As respostas celulares contribuem para o comportamento bioativo, que é conhecido por ter maiores índices em materiais vítreos. No entanto, como baixas propriedades mecânicas também são características inerentes aos vidros, pesquisadores da Universidade Federal de São Carlos foram estimulados a empregarem nucleação e tratamentos térmicos especiais para o desenvolvimento do Biosilicato®, uma vitrocerâmica biotiva, totalmente cristalina, pertencente ao sistema quaternário P2O5-Na2O-CaO-SiO2. Embora um elevado potencial osteogênico in vitro tenha sido demonstrado para esta vitrocerâmica, seus efeitos in vivo ainda não são conhecidos. Para auxiliar este entendimento, foram desenvolvidos dois estudos. O primeiro teve como objetivo investigar o desempenho biológico in vivo do Biosilicato® particulado em defeitos ósseos em tíbias de ratos, por meio de análises histomorfométricas e biomecânicas 20 dias após o procedimento cirúrgico. Este estudo evidenciou que o Biosilicato® parece favorecer a formação óssea in vivo e o estabelecimento de fortes ligações com o tecido neoformado. Com isso, o objetivo do segundo estudo foi comparar a cinética das reações ósseas frente a duas diferentes distribuições granulométricas desta nova vitrocerâmica. Embora ambas tenham sido eficientes para a formação óssea, as partículas de Biosilicato® com menores diâmetros demonstraram reabsorção parcial no período estudado, que foi acompanhada de uma maior atividade osteogênica. Com os resultados positivos obtidos nestas investigações, iniciou-se uma busca para o desenvolvimento de matrizes porosas que pudessem servir de suporte para a regeneração guiada do tecido ósseo. Um terceiro estudo preliminarmente avaliou monoculturas e coculturas celulares em matrizes porosas de Biosilicato® e de outras novas composições químicas desenvolvidas especificamente para este propósito. Os achados sugerem que, quando em condições adequadas, as matrizes avaliadas podem produzir respostas celulares favoráveis ao seu emprego na engenharia do tecido ósseo. Estes estudos, de maneira conjunta, apontam para um potencial promissor e fornecem diretrizes para o emprego do Biosilicato® no favorecimento de processos regenerativos ósseos.
Meurer, Filho Edelino. "Estudo de granulometria para concretos asfálticos drenantes." Florianópolis, SC, 2001. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/81713.
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Neste trabalho são estudadas as graduações granulométricas dos agregados para maximizar o teor de vazios comunicantes e a permeabilidade. Foram escolhidos 3 tamanhos máximo de agregados e diferentes brechas na graduação da granulometria. O teor de asfalto foi obtido com a ajuda do ensaio Cántabro e do ensaio MARSHALL. Os parâmetros usados foram o teor de vazios e de vazios comunicantes determinados em corpos de prova MARSHALL. Foram executadas placas para avaliação da deformação permanente e da permeabilidade. Foram compactadas três placas para cada uma das granulometrias estudadas no compactador LPC, de acordo com normas francesas. O resultado dos ensaios mostrou concretos asfálticos drenantes com percentagem de vazios comunicantes maior que 25%, com velocidade de percolação de até 13 cm/s no ensaio de permeabilidade, com perdas no ensaio Cántabro menores do que 25% e percentagem de deformação permanente menor do que 10% (exceto para uma formulação). O estudo mostrou que é possível obter-se concretos asfálticos drenantes com teores de vazios superiores a 25% controlando-se as brechas da curva granulométrica, permanecendo as misturas com resistência à desagregação e à deformação permanente, em limiares adequados.
Vieira, Ana Maria. "Efeito da granulometria na flotação de quartzo." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/MAPO-7REHET.
Full textPartículas minerais dos mais variados tamanhos são encontradas na polpa durante a flotação. O tamanho da partícula pode variar de décimos de milímetros a micrômetro. A prática industrial e as numerosas investigações mostram que a extensão da flotação de um mineral depende de seu tamanho. Dessa forma, o tamanho das partículas minerais presentes na polpa torna-se, também, uma importante variável na seqüência de eventos que levam à flotação de uma partícula. Neste trabalho estudou-se o efeito da granulometria na flotação de quartzo. Para isso, foram usadas amostras de quartzo puro de diferentes frações granulométricas. Primeiramente, foram realizados ensaios em célula mecânica de flotação, visando a obtenção das melhores condições em que seria alcançada alta recuperação de partículas de quartzo, principalmente as partículas grossas. Em seguida foram realizados ensaios de flotação em coluna, visando alcançar o mesmo nível de recuperação de partículas de quartzo, principalmente, partículas grossas obtidos com a célula mecânica. Foram realizados estudos de potencial zeta visando mostrar uma correlação com os resultados obtidos na flotação. Os resultados de flotação em célula mecânica mostraram, de uma forma geral, que a flotação de quartzo grosso é possível quando as condições de flotação, principalmente pH e dosagem de coletor forem favoráveis. Também, uma alimentação constituída por quartzo grosso, médio e por uma proporção definida de quartzo fino favorece a flotação de quartzo grosso presente nessa alimentação. Os resultados dos estudos de potencial zeta mostraram uma correlação com os resultados obtidos na flotação mecânica, ou seja, o valor de pH para o qual o quartzo apresenta uma maior intensidade de carga superficial foi o mesmo valor para o qual ocorreu a máxima recuperação de quartzo fino, médio e grosso. Os resultados obtidos com a coluna de flotação mostram que a dosagem de coletor exigida para se obter uma alta recuperação de quartzo grosso é maior em relação àquela exigida na flotação mecânica. Entretanto o pH de melhor flotação foi o mesmo. Os ensaios em coluna mostraram também que a presença de diferentes tamanhos de quartzo na polpa de alimentação favorece a flotação de quartzo grosso.
Wardhono, Endarto Yudo. "Optimization of concentrated W/O emulsions : stability, trapping and release of polysaccharides." Thesis, Compiègne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014COMP1814/document.
Full textThis study is a part of the European project VEGEPHY (VEGEtale-PHYtosanitaire) to develop a product for the crop protection purposes. The product is a concentrated W/O emulsion trapping of a polysaccharide in the aqueous phase and rapeseed methyl ester oil as a continuous phase. Polysaccharide is used as a thickening adjuvant to modify the rheology properties of the water-based spray solution in order to reduce the drift of thespray. The objective of this study is to formulate concentrated W/O emulsions incorporation with the maximum amount of polysaccharide which show long stability (for over 2 years) and to study the release mechanism of polysaccharide in suitable conditions with a goal of an efficiency time less than 600 seconds.Concentrated W/O emulsions were realized by using a rotor stator system at room temperature. Aqueous phase containing polysaccharide and glycerol was dispersed into the stirred oil continuous phase where in a surfactant (lecithin and/or polyglycerol polyricinoleate, PGPR) has been previously dissolved. Stability tests were performed immediately after preparation and after ageing tests. Various parameters having an influence on thestability have been interpreted from DSC thermogram parallel with microscopic observation, laser diffraction granulometry and rheology measurement. DSC technique was used to study the emulsions by following the evolution of the droplet size versus time. Thermal behaviour of emulsions may be evaluated when they under gofreezing and melting in which the proportion of ice formed in the droplets may be calculated and their link with the evolution of the emulsion versus time. The release of the polysaccharide (CarboxyMethyl Cellulose, CMC)from the emulsion system is obtained by a two steps process : destabilization of the primary W/O emulsion by achemical product and dilution in water that gives an O/W emulsion containing the required concentration of polysaccharide. Destabilization was observed by following the evolution of dispersed droplets using DSC. Dilution process was assessed by measuring electrical conductivity of the water solution and a mathematical model to represent the kinetic release of CMC in water was proposed.The formulation and the stability of concentrated W/O emulsion has shown that DSC completed with granulometry and rheometry is an appropriate technique to study the emulsion characteristics. The study offreezing behaviour of emulsions show that the proportion of ice formed in the dispersed droplets during DSC test indicates good agreement between DSC measurements and thermodynamics calculation. The use of PGPRas surfactant and the introduction of glycerol in the formulation are beneficial to improve the long‐term stabilityof the emulsion. The optimum formulation of concentrated W/O emulsion was obtained containing : 3.5% w/wof CMC, 10% w/w of glycerol in 75% v/v of dispersed phase and 14% w/w of PGPR in the continuous phase. From the release study, an empirical model may be used to describe the released kinetic. The optimum amount of nonionic surfactant Cynthiorex PMH 1125 to break primary W/O emulsion was found at 10% w/w in the primary emulsion with NRe ≥ 4200 and T ≥ 20°C. Under practical field conditions, the minimum release time isthen around 200 seconds
Hamdadou, Mohammed. "Caractérisation pétro-minéralogique et séquentielle du gisement de phosphate de Djebel Onk (Algérie) : quantification et répartition de l'exo- et endogangue : approche nouvelle du traitement." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL064N.
Full textDe, langlard Mathieu. "La géométrie aléatoire pour la caractérisation de populations denses de particules : application aux écoulements diphasiques." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEM001.
Full textThis thesis aims at developing a new approach for geometric modeling of two-phase flows, from 2D images of orthogonal projections, with the objective of extracting 3D morphological characteristics of the particles. The study mainly addresses the case of droplets and bubbles of spherical and ellipsoidal shape. Among the existing methods to deal with 2D images resulting from the projection of a 3D particles system, the pattern recognition and segmentation ones are the most common. However, they present major limitations. To overcome these problems, a 3D stochastic geometrical model (a marked point process) is proposed. The model was fitted to the observed data thanks to a numerical optimization process. The method’s performance was evaluated on numerical simulations of 2D images resulting from projections of spherical and ellipsoidal particles of known geometry. The accuracy of the model to retrieve the 3D size and shape distribution of the particles was highlighted, even from high density images. Experimental validation was also performed based on fully characterized suspensions of PMMA balls, of different sizes. Finally, in order to characterize typical systems encountered in multiphase flow processes, the proposed approach was applied to a bubbly flow with different gas flow rates (i.e. for several sizes and densities of bubbles). This PhD work illustrates the relevance of stochastic geometrical modeling for the characterization of two-phase flows. It opens up wide perspectives, as e.g. the implementation of more flexible models to better describe the possible interactions (attractions/repulsions) between particles