Relevant bibliographies by topics / Graph X

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Graph X'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 5 June 2025
Last updated: 25 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Graph X"

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Firmansah, Fery. "The Odd Harmonious Labeling of Layered Graphs." JTAM (Jurnal Teori dan Aplikasi Matematika) 7, no. 2 (2023): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/jtam.v7i2.12506.

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Graphs that have the properties of odd harmonious labeling are odd harmonious graphs. The research objective of this paper is to obtain odd harmonious labeling on layered graph C(x,y) and layered graph D(x,y). The research used in this paper is a qualitative method. The research flow consists of data collection, processing, and analysis. The data collection stage consists of constructing the definition of the new class graph, the data processing stage consists of constructing the vertex labeling and edge labeling, and the data analysis stage consists of constructing the theorem and proving it. The research results show that the layered graph C(x,y) and layered graph D(x,y) fulfill odd harmonious labeling. Such that the layered graph C(x,y) and layered graph D(x,y) are odd harmonious graphs. The benefit of this research is to add new properties of odd harmonious graphs. In addition, it does not rule out the possibility that this research can be developed again both in theory and application.
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ATMINAS, AISTIS, VADIM V. LOZIN, SERGEY KITAEV, and ALEXANDR VALYUZHENICH. "UNIVERSAL GRAPHS AND UNIVERSAL PERMUTATIONS." Discrete Mathematics, Algorithms and Applications 05, no. 04 (2013): 1350038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793830913500389.

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Let X be a family of graphs and Xn the set of n-vertex graphs in X. A graph U(n) containing all graphs from Xn as induced subgraphs is called n-universal for X. Moreover, we say that U(n) is a propern-universal graph for X if it belongs to X. In the present paper, we construct a proper n-universal graph for the class of split permutation graphs. Our solution includes two ingredients: a proper universal 321-avoiding permutation and a bijection between 321-avoiding permutations and symmetric split permutation graphs. The n-universal split permutation graph constructed in this paper has 4n3 vertices, which means that this construction is order-optimal.
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Guo, Jin, Tongsuo Wu, and Meng Ye. "Complemented graphs and blow-ups of Boolean graphs, with applications to co-maximal ideal graphs." Filomat 29, no. 4 (2015): 897–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil1504897g.

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For a set X, let 2X be the power set of X. Let BX be the Boolean graph, which is defined on the vertex set 2X \ {X, ?}, with M adjacent to N if M ? N = ?. In this paper, several purely graph-theoretic characterizations are provided for blow-ups of a finite or an infinite Boolean graph (respectively, a preatomic graph). Then the characterizations are used to study co-maximal ideal graphs that are blow-ups of Boolean graphs (pre-atomic graphs, respectively).
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Zupan, J. "GRAPH X." Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 28, no. 2 (1988): 118–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ci00058a013.

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Liu, Shunyi. "Generalized Permanental Polynomials of Graphs." Symmetry 11, no. 2 (2019): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11020242.

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The search for complete graph invariants is an important problem in graph theory and computer science. Two networks with a different structure can be distinguished from each other by complete graph invariants. In order to find a complete graph invariant, we introduce the generalized permanental polynomials of graphs. Let G be a graph with adjacency matrix A ( G ) and degree matrix D ( G ) . The generalized permanental polynomial of G is defined by P G ( x , μ ) = per ( x I − ( A ( G ) − μ D ( G ) ) ) . In this paper, we compute the generalized permanental polynomials for all graphs on at most 10 vertices, and we count the numbers of such graphs for which there is another graph with the same generalized permanental polynomial. The present data show that the generalized permanental polynomial is quite efficient for distinguishing graphs. Furthermore, we can write P G ( x , μ ) in the coefficient form ∑ i = 0 n c μ i ( G ) x n − i and obtain the combinatorial expressions for the first five coefficients c μ i ( G ) ( i = 0 , 1 , ⋯ , 4 ) of P G ( x , μ ) .
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Amreen, J., and S. Naduvath. "Non-inverse signed graph of a group." Carpathian Mathematical Publications 16, no. 2 (2024): 565–74. https://doi.org/10.15330/cmp.16.2.565-574.

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Let $G$ be a group with binary operation $\ast$. The non-inverse graph (in short, $i^*$-graph) of $G$, denoted by $\Gamma$, is a simple graph with vertex set consisting of elements of $G$ and two vertices $x, y \in \Gamma$ are adjacent if $x$ and $y$ are not inverses of each other. That is, $x- y$ if and only if $x\ast y \neq i_G \neq y \ast x$, where $i_G$ is the identity element of $G$. In this paper, we extend the study of $i^\ast$-graphs to signed graphs by defining $i^\ast$-signed graphs. We characterize the graphs for which the $i^\ast$-signed graphs and negated $i^\ast$-signed graphs are balanced, sign-compatible, consistent and $k$-clusterable. We also obtain the frustration index of the $i^\ast$-signed graph. Further, we characterize the homogeneous non-inverse signed graphs and study the properties like net-regularity and switching equivalence.
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S., Vimala, and Priyanka K. "Topologized Hamiltonian and Complete Graph." Asian Research Journal of Mathematics 4, no. 2 (2017): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.9734/ARJOM/2017/33109.

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Topological graph theory deals with embedding the graphs in Surfaces, and the graphs considered as a topological spaces. The concept topology extended to the topologized graph by the S<sub>1 </sub>space and the boundary of every vertex and edge. The space is S<sub>1 </sub>if every singleton in the topological space is either open or closed. Let G be a graph with n vertices and e edges and a topology defined on graph is called topologized graph if it satisfies the following: Every singleton is open or closed and For all x X, | ∂(x) |≤ 2, where ∂(x) is the boundary of a point x. This paper examines some results about the topological approach of the Complete Graph, Path, Circuit, Hamiltonian circuit and Hamiltonian path. And the results were generalized through this work.
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Pushpam, P. Roushini Leely, and D. Yokesh. "Differentials in certain classes of graphs." Tamkang Journal of Mathematics 41, no. 2 (2010): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5556/j.tkjm.41.2010.664.

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Let $X subset V$ be a set of vertices in a graph $G = (V, E)$. The boundary $B(X)$ of $X$ is defined to be the set of vertices in $V-X$ dominated by vertices in $X$, that is, $B(X) = (V-X) cap N(X)$. The differential $ partial(X)$ of $X$ equals the value $ partial(X) = |B(X)| - |X|$. The differential of a graph $G$ is defined as $ partial(G) = max { partial(X) | X subset V }$. It is easy to see that for any graph $G$ having vertices of maximum degree $ Delta(G)$, $ partial(G) geq Delta (G) -1$. In this paper we characterize the classes of unicyclic graphs, split graphs, grid graphs, $k$-regular graphs, for $k leq 4$, and bipartite graphs for which $ partial(G) = Delta(G)-1$. We also determine the value of $ partial(T)$ for any complete binary tree $T$.
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Sutardji, Nurma Ariska, Liliek Susilowati, and Utami Dyah Purwati. "Dimensi Metrik Kuat Lokal Graf Hasil Operasi Kali Kartesian." Contemporary Mathematics and Applications (ConMathA) 1, no. 2 (2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/conmatha.v1i2.17383.

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The strong local metric dimension is the development result of a strong metric dimension study, one of the study topics in graph theory. Some of graphs that have been discovered about strong local metric dimension are path graph, star graph, complete graph, cycle graphs, and the result corona product graph. In the previous study have been built about strong local metric dimensions of corona product graph. The purpose of this research is to determine the strong local metric dimension of cartesian product graph between any connected graph G and H, denoted by dimsl (G x H). In this research, local metric dimension of G x H is influenced by local strong metric dimension of graph G and local strong metric dimension of graph H. Graph G and graph H has at least two order.
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Rana, A. "On the Total Vertex Irregular Labeling of Proper Interval Graphs." Journal of Scientific Research 12, no. 4 (2020): 537–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v12i4.45923.

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A labeling of a graph is a mapping that maps some set of graph elements to a set of numbers (usually positive integers). For a simple graph G = (V, E) with vertex set V and edge set E, a labeling Φ: V ∪ E → {1, 2, ..., k} is called total k-labeling. The associated vertex weight of a vertex x∈ V under a total k-labeling Φ is defined as wt(x) = Φ(x) + ∑y∈N(x) Φ(xy) where N(x) is the set of neighbors of the vertex x. A total k-labeling is defined to be a vertex irregular total labeling of a graph, if for every two different vertices x and y of G, wt(x)≠wt(y). The minimum k for which a graph G has a vertex irregular total k-labeling is called the total vertex irregularity strength of G, tvs(G). In this paper, total vertex irregularity strength of interval graphs is studied. In particular, an efficient algorithm is designed to compute tvs of proper interval graphs and bounds of tvs is presented for interval graphs.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Graph X"

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Hsieh, Chao-Ho. "Implementation of graph manipulation under X Window system environment." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/834634.

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In graph theory graphs are mathematical objects that can be used to model networks, data structures, process scheduling, computations and a variety of other systems where the relations between the objects in the system play a dominant role.We will now consider graphs as mathematically self-contained units with rich structure and comprehensive theory; as models for many phenomena, particularly those arising in computer systems; and as structures which can be processed by a variety of sophisticated and interesting algorithms.For graph theory presentation, we need a very good graphical user interface(GUI) to approach the goal. X Window system is ideally suited for such a purpose. This package program is based on X Window system environment. With this package, we can manipulate graphs by special functions which can put nodes, put edges, delete nodes, delete edges, change the whole graph size, move graph location, and modify edge weights.<br>Department of Computer Science
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McDonald, Timothy Myles. "Making sense of genotype x environment interaction of Pinus radiata in New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Forestry, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3222.

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In New Zealand, a formal tree improvement and breeding programme for Pinus radiata (D.Don) commenced in 1952. A countrywide series of progeny trials was progressively established on over seventy sites, and is managed by the Radiata Pine Breeding Company (RPBC). Diameter at breast height data from the series were used to investigate genotype x environment interaction with a view to establishing the need for partitioning breeding and deployment efforts for P. radiata. Nearly 300,000 measurements made this study one of the largest for genotype x environment interaction ever done. Bivariate analyses were conducted between all pairs of sites to determine genetic correlations between sites. Genetic correlations were used to construct a proximity matrix by subtracting each correlation from unity. The process of constructing the matrix highlighted issues of low connectivity between sites; whereby meaningful correlations between sites were established with just 5 % of the pairs. However, nearly two-thirds of these genetic correlations were between -1.0 and 0.6, indicating the presence of strong genotype x environment interactions. A technique known as multiple regression on resemblance matrices was carried out by regressing a number of environmental correlation matrices on the diameter at breast height correlation matrix. Genotype x environment interactions were found to be driven by extreme maximum temperatures (t-statistic of 2.03 against critical t-value of 1.96 at 95 % confidence level). When tested on its own, altitude was significant with genetic correlations between sites at the 90 % confidence level (t-statistic of 1.92 against critical t-value of 1.645). In addition, a method from Graph Theory using proximity thresholds was utilised as a form of clustering. However, this study highlighted the existence of high internal cohesion within trial series, and high external isolation between trial series. That is, grouping of sites (in terms of diameter) was observed to be a reflection of the series of trials for which each site was established. This characteristic is particularly unhelpful for partitioning sites into regions of similar propensity to genotype x environment interaction, as the genotype x environment effect is effectively over-ridden by the genotype effect. Better cohesion between past, present and future trial series, and more accurate bioclimatic data should allow more useful groupings of sites to be extracted from the data. Given this, however, it is clear that there are a large number of interactive families contained in the RPBC dataset. It is concluded that partitioning of New Zealand’s P. radiata breeding programme cannot be ruled out as an advantageous option.
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Franco, Chris Hebert de Jesus. "Síntese e caracterização de polímeros de coordenação por difração de raios X." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2014. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/4436.

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Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-05-08T18:41:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 chrishebertdejesusfranco.pdf: 4880715 bytes, checksum: 5acf9659d9521fbd8fff7e658b785953 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-17T14:04:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 chrishebertdejesusfranco.pdf: 4880715 bytes, checksum: 5acf9659d9521fbd8fff7e658b785953 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-17T14:04:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 chrishebertdejesusfranco.pdf: 4880715 bytes, checksum: 5acf9659d9521fbd8fff7e658b785953 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-18<br>CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>Este trabalho de dissertação de mestrado versou a síntese e a caracterização estrutural e topológica de quatro novos polímeros de coordenação denominados como Zn-psb, Mn-psb, Cu-psb e Ni-btc com os metais da primeira série de transição (Zn+2, Mn+2, Cu+2 e Ni+2) contendo os ligantes sal ácido 4-sulfobenzoato de monopotássio (H-psb) e ácido 1,2,4-benzenotricarboxilico (4-btc). Além de dois outros compostos poliméricos (Co-btc e Cu-pza) já descritos na literatura. Os compostos foram caracterizados por técnicas espectroscópicas (Infravermelho e Raman) e análise elementar (CHN). A espectroscopia vibracional foi utilizada para apreender sobre os modos de coordenação dos grupos carboxilatos nos compostos com o ligante 4-btc por meio do cálculo do Δѵ [ ѵα(COO) – ѵs(COO) ], em que um estudo da simetria por meio da análise de coordenada normal permitiu uma atribuição mais rigorosa para os modos de coordenação para os grupos SO3 nos compostos derivados do ligante (H-psb). Uma adaptação da técnica de cristalização em gel foi utilizada. Os resultados da análise de CHN evidenciaram que a utilização do agente de cristalização cloridrato de etambutol levou a formação de impurezas na superfície dos compostos Zn-psb e Mn-psb que foram eliminadas durante o processo de cristalização. Os dados de análise térmica (TG/DTA) foram utilizados como dado complementar para caracterização estrutural do composto Ni-btc. As estruturas dos quatro compostos foram determinadas por difração de raios X por monocristal, onde foi possível verificar que a estrutura cristalina do composto Cu-psb encontra-se com uma desordem posicional com fração 54:46 para o anel e oΔѵ grupo SO3, enquanto o monocristal do composto Ni-btc apresenta se geminado com fração 49:51 para os domínios. A solução da estrutura geminada foi dificultada devido à contribuição similar dos domínios formados. Através da difração de raios X por policristais foi possível refinar o modelo estrutural proposto para o composto Ni-btc por meio do método de Rietveld. A descrição topológica desses compostos foi feita utilizando teoria gráfica, sendo que algumas definições e termos foram apresentados. Apesar da semelhança estrutural, o composto Zn-psb apresentou uma rede do tipo tfz-d enquanto o composto Mn-psb apresentou uma rede do tipo pcu.<br>This work shows the synthesis, structural and topological characterization of four new coordination polymers described as Zn-psb , Mn-psb, Cu-psb and Ni-btc with metals of the first row transition metal ions (Zn+2, Mn+2, Cu+2 and Ni+2) and 4-sulphobenzoate monopotassium (Hpsb), 1,2,4- benzenetricarboxylic acid (4-btc) as ligands. And another two polimeric componds (Co-btc and Cu-pza) described in the literature. The compounds were characterized by spectroscopic techniques (infrared and Raman) and elemental analysis (CHN) where thermal analysis (TG/DTA) were only used for structural characterization of the compound Ni-btc. The vibrational spectroscopy was used to understand the coordination modes of the carboxylate groups in the compounds with 4-btc ligand by analyze of Δѵ values [ ѵα(COO) – ѵs(COO) ]. A study of symmetry by analysis of normal coordinates allowed a rigorous assignment to coordination modes for SO3 groups in the compounds derived H-psb ligand. An adaptation of the technique of crystallization in gel was used. The results of CHN showed that the use of ethambutol hydrochloride as a crystallization agent led to formation of impurities on the surface of the Zn-psb and Mn-psb compounds that was eliminated during the crystallization process. The structures of the four compounds were determined for X-ray diffraction by single crystal, where it was observed that the crystal structure of the compound Cu-psb displays a positional disorder with a fraction of 54:46 for the ring and SO3 group, while the single crystal of the compound Ni-btc was twinned with a fraction of 49:51 for the each domain. The solution of structure was complicated due a similar contribution from domains formed. X-ray diffraction by polycrystals was used like a tool for give a support to refine the structural model proposed for the compound Ni-btc by the Rietveld method. The topological description of these compounds was performed using graph theory where some definitions and terms were presented. Despite the structural similarity, the compound Zn-psb displayed a network of type tfz-d while Mn-psb compound showed a net of type pcu.
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Feuillâtre, Hélène. "Détermination automatique de l'incidence optimale pour l'observation des lésions coronaires en imagerie rotationnelle R-X." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S039/document.

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Les travaux de cette thèse s’inscrivent dans le cadre du planning de traitements minimalement invasifs des lésions des artères coronaires. Le cardiologue réalise un examen coronarographique, puis dans la continuité, une angioplastie transluminale. L’angiographie rotationnelle à rayons X permet de visualiser sous différentes incidences 2D la lumière des artères coronaires sur plusieurs cycles cardiaques et aussi d’obtenir une reconstruction 3D+T des arbres coronaires. A partir de cette séquence, notre objectif est de déterminer automatiquement une incidence optimale 2D du segment sténosé compatible avec les angles du C-arm afin d’aider le cardiologue lors de l’intervention.Différentes étapes sont considérées pour calculer la position angulaire optimale du C-arm. Afin de suivre la zone de lésion durant le cycle cardiaque, une première méthode est proposée pour mettre en correspondance tous les arbres de la séquence 3D+T. Tout d’abord, un appariement deux à deux des arbres successifs est réalisé afin de construire un arbre d’union. Ces derniers sont ensuite fusionnés afin d’obtenir un arbre mosaïque représentant l’arbre le plus complet de la séquence. L’utilisation de mesures de similarités géométriques et hiérarchiques ainsi que l’insertion de nœuds artificiels permet de prendre en compte les différents mouvements non-rigides des artères coronaires subits au cours du cycle cardiaque et les variations topologiques dû à leurs extractions. Cet appariement nous permet de proposer une deuxième méthode afin d’obtenir une vue angiographique 2D optimale de la zone de lésion tout le long du cycle cardiaque. Cette incidence est proposée spécifiquement pour trois types de région d’intérêt (segment unique, segment multiple ou bifurcation) et est calculée à partir de quatre critères (raccourcissement, chevauchement interne et externe ou angle d’ouverture de bifurcation). Une vue 2D déployée du segment projeté avec le moins de superposition avec les structures vasculaires avoisinantes est obtenue. Nous donnons également la possibilité au cardiologue d’avoir une incidence optimale privilégiant soit le déploiement du stent ou soit le guidage d’outils de la racine de l’arbre à la zone sténosée. Nos différents algorithmes ont été évalués sur une séquence réelle de 10 phases segmentées à partir d’un CT et de 41 séquences simulées<br>The thesis work deals with the planning of minimally invasive surgery of coronary artery lesions. The physician performs a coronarography following by a percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. The X-ray rotational angiography permits to visualize the lumen artery under different projection angles in several cardiac cycles. From these 2D projections, a 3D+T reconstruction of coronary arteries can be obtained. Our goal is to determine automatically from this 3D+T sequence, the optimal angiographic viewing angle of the stenotic segment. Several steps are proposed to compute the optimal angular position of the C-arm. Firstly, a mosaic-based tree matching algorithm of the 3D+T sequence is proposed to follow the stenotic lesion in the whole cardiac cycle. A pair-wise inexact tree matching is performed to build a tree union between successive trees. Next, these union trees are merged to obtain the mosaic tree which represents the most complete tree of the sequence. To take into account the non-rigid movement of coronary arteries during the cardiac cycle and their topology variations due to the 3D reconstruction or segmentation, similarity measures based on hierarchical and geometrical features are used. Artificial nodes are also inserted. With this global tree sequence matching, we propose secondly a new method to determine the optimal viewing angle of the stenotic lesion throughout the cardiac cycle. This 2D angiographic view which is proposed for three regions of interest (single segment, multiple segment or bifurcation) is computed from four criteria: the foreshortening, the external and internal overlap and the bifurcation opening angle rates. The optimal view shows the segment in its most extended and unobstructed dimension. This 2D view can be optimal either for the deployment of the stent or for the catheter guidance (from the root to the lesion). Our different algorithms are evaluated on real sequence (CT segmentation) and 41 simulated sequences
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Douss, Rabaa. "Squelettisation d’images en niveaux de gris et applications." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB138/document.

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L’opération morphologique de squelettisation transforme chaque objet d’une image en une forme linéique qui préserve la topologie de ce dernier (propriété d’homotopie). Elle est largement utilisée en biométrie mais aussi dans la reconnaissance des caractères ainsi que pour l’extraction de la microarchitecture osseuse. L’objectif de cette thèse est de développer une méthode de squelettisation appliquée directement sur les niveaux de gris de l’image, ce qui a pour large avantage de s’affranchir de prétraitement comme la binarisation. Une revue des méthodes de squelettisation en niveaux de gris permet de constater que l’amincissement est l’une des approches les plus usitées de par sa propriété d’homotopie. Cependant, cette approche est sensible au bruit de l’image et produit des squelettes sur-connectés. Un premier paramétrage de l’amincissement a été proposé dans la littérature afin d’abaisser des configurations de pixels liées au bruit. La première contribution de ce travail est de proposer un ajustement de ce paramètre basé sur une décision statistique. Il s’agit d’identifier les tests d’hypothèses correspondants aux différentes configurations d’abaissement en vue de fixer ce paramètre de façon locale. Ceci conduit à la mise en place d’une squelettisation appelée Self Contrast Controlled Thinning (SCCT) puisque robuste au bruit tout en s’adaptant automatiquement au contraste de l’image. La squelettisation SCCT est rendue accessible aux domaines d’application grâce à son implantation optimisée basée sur les files d’attente hiérarchiques. Ayant noté le peu d’efforts consacrés à l’évaluation de la squelettisation en niveaux de gris, la deuxième contribution de ce travail est de proposer un protocole visant à évaluer l’opération de squelettisation sur la base des propriétés requises à savoir la préservation de la topologie et de la géométrie. Ce protocole est déroulé sur une base d’images synthétiques et nous permet de comparer notre approche à celles de la littérature. La troisième contribution est de proposer une structuration du squelette en graphe donnant accès aux descripteurs structurels et morphométriques des objets étudiés en vue d’une exploitation du squelette par les experts des domaines d’applications. Dans le cadre du projet Voxelo coordonné par le laboratoire B2OA de l’Université Paris Diderot, cette structuration est exploitée pour extraire les descripteurs de la qualité de la microarchitecture osseuse à partir d’images RX haute résolution<br>Skeletonization is an image transformation that aims to represent objects by their medial axis while preserving their topological characteristics (homotopy). It is widely used in biometrics, character recognition and also in the extraction of bone microarchitecture. The objective of this thesis is to develop a skeletonization method applied directly on image gray levels. This has the large advantage of freeing the operation from preprocessing techniques such as binarization. A review of grayscale skeletonization methods shows that the morphological thinning is one of the most used approaches for its topology preservation property. However, this approach is sensitive to image noise and produces inexploitable skeletons. A first parameterization of the thinning process has been proposed in the literature to reduce noise-related information. The first contribution of this work is to propose an adjustment of this parameter based on a statistical decision. To this end, a hypothesis test is identified for each lowering criterion in order to set the thinning parameter locally. This leads us to propose the Self Contrast Controlled Thinning method SCCT that is robust to noise and is automatically adjusted to image contrast. The SCCT is made available to application domains through its optimized implementation based on hierarchical queues. Noticing the lack of efforts to assess grayscale skeletonization, the second contribution of this work is to propose a quantitative evaluation protocol assessing skeletonization with regard to its fundamental properties that are namely the preservation of topology and geometry. This protocol is conducted over a synthetic images database and allows us to compare SCCT to approaches from the literature. The third contribution consists in structuring the skeleton into a graph that gives access to objects structural and morphometric descriptors and enables the exploitation of the skeleton by experts from various fields of application. This structuring is applied in the context of Voxelo project which is coordinated by B2OA laboratory of the University Paris Diderot. In this context, descriptors of bone microarchitecture quality are extracted from X-ray high resolution images
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陳貴海 and Guihai Chen. "Shuffle-X graphs and their cayley variants." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31236649.

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Chen, Guihai. "Shuffle-X graphs and their cayley variants /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19098649.

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Bashar, Mohammad Ehsanul. "Average case analysis of algorithms for the maximum subarray problem." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Computer Science and Software Engineering, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1194.

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Maximum Subarray Problem (MSP) is to find the consecutive array portion that maximizes the sum of array elements in it. The goal is to locate the most useful and informative array segment that associates two parameters involved in data in a 2D array. It's an efficient data mining method which gives us an accurate pattern or trend of data with respect to some associated parameters. Distance Matrix Multiplication (DMM) is at the core of MSP. Also DMM and MSP have the worst-case complexity of the same order. So if we improve the algorithm for DMM that would also trigger the improvement of MSP. The complexity of Conventional DMM is O(n³). In the average case, All Pairs Shortest Path (APSP) Problem can be modified as a fast engine for DMM and can be solved in O(n² log n) expected time. Using this result, MSP can be solved in O(n² log² n) expected time. MSP can be extended to K-MSP. To incorporate DMM into K-MSP, DMM needs to be extended to K-DMM as well. In this research we show how DMM can be extended to K-DMM using K-Tuple Approach to solve K-MSP in O(Kn² log² n log K) time complexity when K ≤ n/log n. We also present Tournament Approach which solves K-MSP in O(n² log² n + Kn²) time complexity and outperforms the K-Tuple
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Mezzapelle, V. "GENOTYPE X ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION IN GRAPEVINES: PROANTHOCYANIDINS ACCUMULATIONS AND POLYMERIZATION IN DIFFERENT BIOTYPES OF TWO SICILIAN CULTIVARS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/336066.

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Phenolics derived from grape are essential components of wine quality, contributing to its taste, aroma, color, bitterness, and mouth feel properties. Anthocyanins are responsible for the color of red wine, various interactions occur among the three flavonoid classes in wine resulting in a complex matrix of pigmented polymers. Proanthocyanidins (PAs) or condensed tannins are composed of flavan-3-ol subunits, and are primarily responsible for the astringency of wine and contribute to its bitterness. They possess a high antioxidant capacity and contribute to protection against cardiovascular diseases and cancer (reviewed by Lin and Weng, 2006) when consumed as part of a Mediterranean diet. Berry growth follows a double sigmoid habit that can be divided into two growth phases (Stage I and III) separated by a lag phase (Stage II) (Coombe 1976). The transition from Stage II to Stage III is named veraison and is considered to be the onset of ripening, as at this time sugars and anthocyanins begin to accumulate in red grapes. Tannins are synthesized before veraison, while anthocyanins are synthesized after veraison. The genotype is primary factor to the content of phenolic compounds. Concentration changes due to seasonal weather conditions are far less than those due to genotype. Then the cultivars variations prevail than those due to vintage. There are many environments and field practices factors reputed to affect flavonoid biosynthesis in plants. For example, vine vigor has also been reported to impact upon the tannin content and composition of grape skins in Pinot noir. In the berry skin, proanthocyanidins were higher in low-vigor vines, with an increase in the proportion of epigallocatechin subunits in proanthocyanidin polymers and an increase in the average size of polymers observed with decreasing vine vigor (Cortell et al. 2005). It is uncertain whether this change is due to the difference in vine vigor or is an indirect effect of changes in canopy architecture resulting in differential bunch exposure effects. Some researches suggest that while excessive water application decreased tannin content (Kennedy et al. 2000), water deficit had little or no effect on tannin or anthocyanin accumulation in the grape berry. Rather, the primary effect of water deficit was to decrease berry size and thus change the ratio of skin weight to total berry weight and therefore anthocyanin and tannin concentration in the berry. In a three-year study published by Cohen (2012) was showed that total PA content per berry varied only in one year, when PA content was highest in heated berries (1.46 mg berry) and lowest in cooled berries (0.97 mg berry). In two years, cooling berries resulted in a significant increase in the proportion of (–)-epigallocatechin as an extension subunit. In the third year, rates of berry development, PA accumulation, and the expression levels of several genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis were assessed. Heating and cooling berries altered the initial rates of PA accumulation, which was correlated strongly with the expression of core genes in the flavonoid pathway. However, the study examined proanthocyanidins content and composition throughout berry development in both shaded and exposed fruit, revealing significant differences in both content and composition throughout the intermediate stages of berry development, with shaded fruit reaching a much lower maximum in proanthocyanidin content than exposed fruit. The peak in proanthocyanidin accumulation in winegrapes occurred around time of veraison and then decreased toward harvest in what is generally considered to be a decrease in tannin extractability rather than degradation or turnover. This decrease in tannin extractability was observed in both shaded and exposed fruit; however, the decrease was greater in exposed fruit such that the levels were virtually the same in shaded and exposed fruit at harvest. The effects of shading on tannin accumulation in grape berries have only been examined in Shiraz, although this is an active area of research in the Australian wine industry (Downey et al. 2006). Goal of this research is the study of some Sicilian native cultivars grown in different areas of Sicily to assess the evolution of proanthocyanidins during ripening. Cultivars considered in this study are Nero d’Avola (biotype A, B and C) and Frappato (biotype A and B). Experimental fields are located in Marsala (TP) and Sambuca (AG). In these vineyards, various agronomic aspects were considered: meteorological data, leaf relative water content (Marchesi, 2004) and pruning wood weight. Experimental grapes samples were analyzed in the laboratory of the Viticulture and Enology Research Center of the Sicilian Region Extension Service located in Marsala (Sicily). Sampling were carried out in pre-veraison, mid-ripening and harvesting. Skins extract were subjected to analysis proanthocyanidins index (PI), flavans reactive to vanillin (FRV) and HPLC analysis (by phloroglucinolysis). The wines were analyzed in the Viticulture and Oenology Department of Fresno State University (California), for the study of proanthocyanidins, through the use of various chromatographic techniques: phloroglucinolysis, molecular mass, and hydrophobic interactions Observed results have confirmed that proanthocyanidins were been synthesized before the veraison; while during ripening they have decreased, in the degree of polymerization they have increased. Environment conditions of Sambuca site have led to increased synthesis of proanthocyanidins, a more severe decreased than Marsala site during ripening. At harvest time, the greater degree of polymerization was found in the grapes of Sambuca site. This result was also confirmed by the analysis results made on wines. At the biotype level, observing the information acquired, to Nero d'Avola, the biotype B presents more and more proanthocyanidins polymerization than other biotype in both sites. For what concerns Frappato, in both sites, no significant differences were found between the two biotypes, both at the level of accumulation of proanthocyanidins both at the level of polymerization.
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Martinis, Sandro. "Automatic near real-time flood detection in high resolution X-band synthetic aperture radar satellite data using context-based classification on irregular graphs." Diss., lmu, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-123731.

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Books on the topic "Graph X"

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Bolden, Rodney. Bold Graph-X innovative airbrushing manual. [Bold Graph-X, 1993.

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Linville, Dorothy. Graph-X. DL Publishing, 2000.

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Graph Life: Graph Paper 1cm X 1 Cm. Independently Published, 2021.

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Graph Paper: 4 X 4. Independently Published, 2021.

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Graph Paper 5 X 5. Independently Published, 2021.

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Graph Paper 5 X 5. Independently Published, 2021.

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Graph Paper 5 X 5. Independently Published, 2021.

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Graph Paper 5 X 5. Independently Published, 2021.

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Digital, M. A. Graph Paper: 8-1/2 X 11 , 4 X 4 Graph Rule, 500 Sheets. Independently Published, 2021.

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Isomelric Graph Paper: Isometric Graph Paper 8. 5 X 11. Independently Published, 2021.

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Book chapters on the topic "Graph X"

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Martínez, Alejandro, Jordi Nin, Elena Tomás, and Alberto Rubio. "Graph Convolutional Networks on Customer/Supplier Graph Data to Improve Default Prediction." In Complex Networks X. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14459-3_11.

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Golumbic, Martin Charles, and André Sainte-Laguë. "X Conclusion." In The Zeroth Book of Graph Theory. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61420-1_11.

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Devkota, Sabin, Reyan Ahmed, Felice De Luca, Katherine E. Isaacs, and Stephen Kobourov. "Stress-Plus-X (SPX) Graph Layout." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35802-0_23.

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Krause, Robert W., and Alberto Caimo. "Missing Data Augmentation for Bayesian Exponential Random Multi-Graph Models." In Complex Networks X. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14459-3_5.

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Zimmerman, Guy, Abdol-Hossein Esfahanian, and David Vasquez. "GMP/X, an X-Windows based graph manipulation package." In DIMACS Series in Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science. American Mathematical Society, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/dimacs/015/16.

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Fei, Luo, Tianxing Wu, and Arijit Khan. "Online Updates of Knowledge Graph Embedding." In Complex Networks & Their Applications X. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93413-2_44.

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Douglas, Michael R., Michael Simkin, Omri Ben-Eliezer, et al. "What Is Learned in Knowledge Graph Embeddings?" In Complex Networks & Their Applications X. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93413-2_49.

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Xu, Nancy, Giannis Nikolentzos, Michalis Vazirgiannis, and Henrik Boström. "Image Keypoint Matching Using Graph Neural Networks." In Complex Networks & Their Applications X. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93413-2_37.

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Brissette, Christopher, and George Slota. "Limitations of Chung Lu Random Graph Generation." In Complex Networks & Their Applications X. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93409-5_38.

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Fukushima, Shintaro, Ryoga Kanai, and Kenji Yamanishi. "Graph Summarization with Latent Variable Probabilistic Models." In Complex Networks & Their Applications X. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93413-2_36.

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Conference papers on the topic "Graph X"

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Sorrentino, Salvatore, Alessandro Gussoni, Gioele Pasotti, et al. "Mol2Raman: a graph neural network model for predicting Raman spectra from SMILES representations." In High-Throughput Biophotonics: Imaging, Spectroscopy, and Beyond X, edited by Keisuke Goda and Kevin K. Tsia. SPIE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3042101.

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Amato, Domenico, Salvatore Calderaro, Giosué Lo Bosco, Riccardo Rizzo, and Filippo Vella. "Semantic Segmentation of Gliomas on Brain MRIs by Graph Convolutional Neural Networks." In 2024 International Conference on AI x Data and Knowledge Engineering (AIxDKE). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/aixdke63520.2024.00036.

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Manesco, João Renato Ribeiro, Danilo Jodas, Maurício José Grapíggia Zanella, Marcel Koenigkam Santos, and João Paulo Papa. "Graph Feature Embeddings for Patient Re-Identification from Chest X-Ray Images." In 2024 37th SIBGRAPI Conference on Graphics, Patterns and Images (SIBGRAPI). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sibgrapi62404.2024.10716264.

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Tyagi, Aditya Dayal, Setu Garg, Swati Sharma, Vivek Tomar, and Kimmi Verma. "Sarcasm Detection in X Data Using Node Embedding and Graph Convolutional Networks." In 2024 4th International Conference on Advancement in Electronics & Communication Engineering (AECE). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/aece62803.2024.10911378.

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Pramono, Bhagas Ade, and Fitriyani. "Sentiment Analysis of Political Discourse on Platform X Using Graph Neural Network (GNN)." In 2024 International Conference on Intelligent Cybernetics Technology & Applications (ICICyTA). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icicyta64807.2024.10913222.

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Jiang, Zhihao, Noridayu Manshor, and Limi Chen. "An efficient lung disease classification from x-ray image using graph convolutional network and transformer." In International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Research (CAIMLR 2024), edited by Ankush Ghosh, Haiquan Zhao, Chee Wei Tan, and Jun Liu. SPIE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3058671.

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Shovon, Iftekharul Islam, Ijaz Ahmad, and Seokjoo Shin. "Segmentation Aided Multiclass Classification of Lung Disease in Chest X-ray Images using Graph Neural Networks." In 2025 International Conference on Information Networking (ICOIN). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/icoin63865.2025.10992753.

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Afiqah, Nurul Aini, Fitriyani, and Toufan Diansyah Tambunan. "Temporal Sentiment Analysis of Politician XYZ on Social Media X Using FastText Word Embedding and Graph Neural Network Model." In 2024 International Conference on Intelligent Cybernetics Technology & Applications (ICICyTA). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icicyta64807.2024.10913198.

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Selynindya, Alya, and Fitriyani. "Performance Analysis of Public Sentiment Towards Electric Vehicles in Indonesia on Social Media X Using Word2Vec and Graph Neural Network." In 2024 International Conference on Intelligent Cybernetics Technology & Applications (ICICyTA). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icicyta64807.2024.10913395.

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Syahman, Shaik, Safian Sharif, Mohd Ahmad Zaharuddin Faridh, and Mokhtar Awang. "Non-Destructive Evaluation of Friction Stir Welded Thin Zn-Coated Metal Sheets with Lap-Joint Configuration." In International Conference on X-Rays and Related Techniques in Research and Industry 2023. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-sfc0u0.

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Friction stir welding (FSW) can be classified as a new non-fusion welding technique if compared to other conventional welding techniques. In this study, a thin Zn-coated metal sheet was welded using the FSW technique with a lap-joint configuration. The weld joint was inspected using non-destructive testing (NDT) methods to determine the quality of the weld produced. There are two main parameters used in the experiment, which are rotational speed [RPM] and traverse [mm/min]. The design of the welding experiment is carried out using the surface response technique with the circumscribe central composite design method. This experiment was conducted using two factors and two levels of design of the experiment setup. All the samples are successfully welded and examined by visual inspection and radiographic testing (RT) to identify defects in the weld. Welding defects are plotted into the graph to assist in the process of analyzing the trend of defects. Several defects have been discovered such as flash formation, thinning material, through-hole, and high-density solid inclusion during the experiment. As a result of the study, it is possible to make a preliminary overview of the appropriate parameters used for FSW of thin Zn-coated metal sheets. In addition, welding defect information from the NDT inspection can assist in the process of preparing specimens for destructive tests.
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Reports on the topic "Graph X"

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Reisch, Bruce, Avichai Perl, Julie Kikkert, Ruth Ben-Arie, and Rachel Gollop. Use of Anti-Fungal Gene Synergisms for Improved Foliar and Fruit Disease Tolerance in Transgenic Grapes. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7575292.bard.

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Original objectives . 1. Test anti-fungal gene products for activity against Uncinula necator, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer and Botrytis cinerea. 2. For Agrobacterium transformation, design appropriate vectors with gene combinations. 3. Use biolistic bombardment and Agrobacterium for transformation of important cultivars. 4. Characterize gene expression in transformants, as well as level of powdery mildew and Botrytis resistance in foliage of transformed plants. Background The production of new grape cultivars by conventional breeding is a complex and time-consuming process. Transferring individual traits via single genes into elite cultivars was proposed as a viable strategy, especially for vegetatively propagated crops such as grapevines. The availability of effective genetic transformation procedures, the existence of genes able to reduce pathogen stress, and improved in vitro culture methods for grapes, were combined to serve the objective of this proposal. Effective deployment of resistance genes would reduce production costs and increase crop quality, and several such genes and combinations were used in this project. Progress The efficacy of two-way combinations of Trichoderma endochitinase (CHIT42), synthetic peptide ESF12 and resveratrol upon the control of growth of Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium digitatum were evaluated in vitro. All pairwise interactions were additive but not synergistic. Per objective 2, suitable vectors with important gene combinations for Agrobacterium transformation were designed. In addition, multiple gene co-transformation by particle bombardment was also tested successfully. In New York, transformation work focused on cultivars Chardonnay and Merlot, while the technology in Israel was extended to 41B, R. 110, Prime, Italia, Gamay, Chardonnay and Velika. Transgenic plant production is summarized in the appendix. Among plants developed in Israel, endochitinase expression was assayed via the MuchT assay using material just 1-5 days after co-cultivation. Plants of cv. Sugraone carrying the gene coding for ESF12, a short anti-fungal lytic peptide under the control of the double 358 promoter, were produced. Leaf extracts of two plants showed inhibition zones that developed within 48 h indicating the inhibitory effect of the leaf extracts on the six species of bacteria. X fastidiosa, the causal organism of Pierce's disease, was very sensitive to leaf extracts from ESF12 transformed plants. Further work is needed to verify the agricultural utility of ESF12 transformants. In New York, some transformants were resistant to powdery mildew and Botrytis fruit rot. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements and implications The following scientific achievements resulted from this cooperative BARD project: 1. Development and improvement of embryogenesis and tissue culture manipulation in grape, while extending these procedures to several agriculturally important cultivars both in Israel and USA. 2. Development and improvement of novel transformation procedures while developing transformation techniques for grape and other recalcitrant species. 3. Production of transgenic grapevines, characterization of transformed vines while studying the expression patterns of a marker gene under the control of different promoter as the 35S CaMV in different part of the plants including flowers and fruits. 4. Expression of anti-fungal genes in grape: establishment of transgenic plants and evaluation of gene expression. Development of techniques to insert multiple genes. 5. Isolation of novel grape specific promoter to control the expression of future antimicrobial genes. It is of great importance to report that significant progress was made in not only the development of transgenic grapevines, but also in the evaluation of their potential for increased resistance to disease as compared with the non engineered cultivar. In several cases, increased disease resistance was observed. More research and development is still needed before a product can be commercialized, yet our project lays a framework for further investigations.
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