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Journal articles on the topic 'Graphene Polymer Systems'
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1
Kausar, Ayesha, Ishaq Ahmad, and Patrizia Bocchetta. "High-Performance Corrosion-Resistant Polymer/Graphene Nanomaterials for Biomedical Relevance." Journal of Composites Science 6, no. 12 (2022): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs6120362.
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Initially, pristine polymers were used to develop corrosion-resistant coatings. Later, the trend shifted to the use of polymeric nanocomposites in anti-corrosion materials. In this regard, graphene has been identified as an important corrosion-resistant nanomaterial. Consequently, polymer/graphene nanocomposites have been applied for erosion protection applications. Among polymers, conducting polymers (polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, etc.) and nonconducting polymers (epoxy, poly(methyl methacrylate), etc.) have been used as matrices for anticorrosion graphene nanocomposites. The corrosion-resistant polymer/graphene nanocomposites have found several important applications in biomedical fields such as biocompatible materials, biodegradable materials, bioimplants, tissue engineering, and drug delivery. The biomedical performance of the nanomaterials depends on the graphene dispersion and interaction with the polymers and living systems. Future research on the anti-corrosion polymer/graphene nanocomposite is desirable to perceive further advanced applications in the biomedical arenas.
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Njoroge, Jean, Arnab Chakrabarty, and Tahir Çağın. "Shockwave Response of Polymer and Polymer Nanocomposites." Materials Science Forum 856 (May 2016): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.856.64.
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We present non-equilibrium molecular dynamic simulations of the shock compression of polyurethane and its graphene-based nanocomposite systems. Using the projectile/wall approach, planar shock waves with piston velocity range from 0.1 to 2.5 km/s is applied for both systems. In this study, direct molecular-level simulations of shock-wave generation and propagation are utilized in order to construct the appropriate shock-Hugoniot relations. Through this study, we determined that inclusion of graphene into the polyurethane system has a significant effect on the shock propagation behavior when incorporated in the polymer matrix
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Kausar, Ayesha, Ishaq Ahmad, M. H. Eisa, and Malik Maaza. "Graphene Nanocomposites in Space Sector—Fundamentals and Advancements." C 9, no. 1 (2023): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c9010029.
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Graphene is one of the most significant carbon nanomaterials, with a one-atom-thick two-dimensional nanostructure. Like other nanocarbons, graphene has been used as a polymer reinforcement. This review explores the impact of graphene and graphene-based nanocomposites on aerospace applications. The fabrication and indispensable features of graphene-derived nanocomposites have been considered. Numerous polymers and nanocomposites have been employed for aerospace systems such as reinforced thermosetting/thermoplastic polymers and epoxy/graphene nanocomposites. Moreover, graphene-modified carbon-fiber-based composites have been discussed for the space sector. Aerospace nanocomposites with graphene have been investigated for superior processability, structural features, morphology, heat stability, mechanical properties, flame resistance, electrical/thermal conductivity, radiation protection, and adhesion applications. Subsequently, epoxy and graphene-derived nanocomposites have been explored for heat/mechanically stable aerospace engineering structures, radiation-shielding materials, adhesives, coatings, etc.
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Ahmed, Jubair, Tanveer A. Tabish, Shaowei Zhang, and Mohan Edirisinghe. "Porous Graphene Composite Polymer Fibres." Polymers 13, no. 1 (2020): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13010076.
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Since the isolation of graphene, there have been boundless pursuits to exploit the many superior properties that this material possesses; nearing the two-decade mark, progress has been made, but more is yet to be done for it to be truly exploited at a commercial scale. Porous graphene (PG) has recently been explored as a promising membrane material for polymer composite fibres. However, controlling the incorporation of high surface area PG into polymer fibres remain largely unexplored. Additionally, most polymer-graphene composites suffer from low production rates and yields. In this paper, graphene-loaded microfibres, which can be produced at a very high rate and yield have been formed with a carrier polymer, polycaprolactone. For the first time, PG has been incorporated into polymer matrices produced by a high-output manufacturing process and analysed via multiple techniques; scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Raman spectra showed that single layer graphene structures were achieved, evidence for which was also backed up by the other techniques. Fibres with an average diameter ranging from 3–8 μm were produced with 3–5 wt% PG. Here, we show how PG can be easily processed into polymeric fibres, allowing for widespread use in electrical and ultrafiltration systems
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RAMU, I., Battina N. MALLESWARARAO, J. CHANDRA SEKHAR, M. VENU, and P. SENTHIL KUMAR. "Study on Free Vibration Analysis of a Rotating Fibre-Graphene-Reinforced Hybrid Polymer Composites Pre-Twist Shel." INCAS BULLETIN 15, no. 2 (2023): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2023.15.2.14.
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The present work aims to develop a computational procedure for investigating the vibration behaviour of pre-twisted laminated composite shell containing graphene inclusions in their matrix. According to nanoscopic empirical equations, graphene's mechanical properties are determined by its size dependence. It has been demonstrated that the orthotropic mechanical properties of composite laminates made from carbon fibres and hybrid matrix can be evaluated. Based on pre-twist and geometric configurations, finite element methods have been used to model hybrid materials shells that include carbon fibre, graphene, and graphene-fibre reinforcement. As part of the validation process, the proposed method is compared with other methods when possible. Finally, the vibrational behaviour of the composite shell is extracted by imposing a twisted angle on a cantilever boundary condition. An analysis of vibrations for each configuration is presented in this paper, as well as the effects of graphene inclusions on natural frequencies. As graphene volume fractions in the matrix increase, the natural frequencies of every mode also increase. When the hub radius and rotational speed are increased, the frequency parameter increases with an increase in graphene volume in the hybrid polymer composite pre-twisted shell.
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Chen, Shih-Hsiung, Naveed Ahmad, and Chung-Feng Jeffrey Kuo. "Development of Multifunctional Nano-Graphene-Grafted Polyester to Enhance Thermal Insulation and Performance of Modified Polyesters." Polymers 14, no. 18 (2022): 3821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14183821.
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Nano-graphene materials have improved many thermal properties based on polymer systems. The additive polymers’ thermal insulation cannot be significantly increased for use as a reinforcement in multifunctional thermally insulating polymer foam. Herein, we present the development of far-infrared emissivity and antistatic properties using multifunctional nano-graphene polyester fibers. Nano-graphene far-infrared thermal insulation polyester was synthesized with 2% nano-graphene and dispersant polypropylene wax-maleic anhydride (PP wax-MA) using the Taguchi method combined with grey relational analysis (GRA) to improve the thermal properties and the performance of the polymer composite. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) shows that the pyrolysis temperature of spinning-grade polyester was increased when the nano-graphene powder was added to the polyester. The differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis confirmed the modification of polyester by nano-graphene, showing the effect of the nucleating agent, which ultimately improved the performance of the polyester. The physical properties of the optimized polyester fibers were improved with a yarn count of 76.5 d, tensile strength of 3.3 g/d, and an elongation at break increased from 23.5% to 26.7% compared with unmodified polymer yarn. These far-infrared emission rates increased from 78% to 83%, whereas the far-infrared temperature increased from 4.0 °C to 22 °C, and the surface resistance increased to 108 Ω. The performance of the optimized modified polyester yarn is far better than single-polypropylene-grafted maleic anhydride yarn. The performance of optimized modified polyester yarn, further confirmed using grey correlation analysis (GRA), can improve the yarns’ mechanical properties and far-infrared functions. Our findings provide an alternative route for developing nano-graphene polyester fabrics suitable for the fabric industry.
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Yasinzai, Maimoona, Ghulam Mustafa, Nazia Asghar, et al. "Ion-Imprinted Polymer-Based Receptors for Sensitive and Selective Detection of Mercury Ions in Aqueous Environment." Journal of Sensors 2018 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8972549.
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Interdigital electrodes (IDE) coated with ion-imprinted polymers (IIP) as recognition materials have been tested for screening and ion quantification. For screening of receptors, three polymer systems based on styrene (Sty), N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP), and Sty-co-NVP were examined to identify an efficient recognition system for mercury ions in an aqueous environment. Results showed that all these polymeric systems can detect analyte even in very low concentration, that is, 10 ppm. Ion-imprinted polystyrene system proved to be an ideal receptor for detecting mercury ions in solution with a detection limit of 2 ppm. The sensitivity of ion-imprinted copolymeric system was further enhanced by making its composite with graphene oxide, and estimated detection limit of composite system was around 1 ppm. Ion- imprinted Sty-co-NVP graphene composite-based sensor system exhibits 2 to 5 times higher sensor response towards templated analyte in comparison to other polymer-based sensor systems. Moreover, the composite-based sensor shows very low or negligible response to competing metal ions with similar or different oxidation states such as Zn, Mg, Na, and As metal ions.
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Rissanou, Anastassia, Apostolos Konstantinou, and Kostas Karatasos. "Morphology and Dynamics in Hydrated Graphene Oxide/Branched Poly(ethyleneimine) Nanocomposites: An In Silico Investigation." Nanomaterials 13, no. 12 (2023): 1865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13121865.
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Graphene oxide (GO)—branched poly(ethyleneimine) (BPEI) hydrated mixtures were studied by means of fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to assess the effects of the size of polymers and the composition on the morphology of the complexes, the energetics of the systems and the dynamics of water and ions within composites. The presence of cationic polymers of both generations hindered the formation of stacked GO conformations, leading to a disordered porous structure. The smaller polymer was found to be more efficient at separating the GO flakes due to its more efficient packing. The variation in the relative content of the polymeric and the GO moieties provided indications for the existence of an optimal composition in which interaction between the two components was more favorable, implying more stable structures. The large number of hydrogen-bonding donors afforded by the branched molecules resulted in a preferential association with water and hindered its access to the surface of the GO flakes, particularly in polymer-rich systems. The mapping of water translational dynamics revealed the existence of populations with distinctly different mobilities, depending upon the state of their association. The average rate of water transport was found to depend sensitively on the mobility of the freely to move molecules, which was varied strongly with composition. The rate of ionic transport was found to be very limited below a threshold in terms of polymer content. Both, water diffusivity and ionic transport were enhanced in the systems with the larger branched polymers, particularly with a lower polymer content, due to the higher availability of free volume for the respective moieties. The detail afforded in the present work provides a new insight for the fabrication of BPEI/GO composites with a controlled microstructure, enhanced stability and adjustable water transport and ionic mobility.
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Rissanou, N., P. Bačová, A. J. Power, and V. Harmandaris. "Atomistic Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Polymer/Graphene Nanostructured Systems." Materials Today: Proceedings 5, no. 14 (2018): 27472–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.09.066.
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Zhang, Jian Wei, Cai Jiang, Gang Shi, and Da Zhi Jiang. "Diffusion of Epoxy Molecules on the Chemically Modified Graphene: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study." Materials Science Forum 817 (April 2015): 803–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.817.803.
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Buckypaper based polymer composites provides a new technical approach toward realizing conductive/structural multifunctional composites. Resin infiltration in the buckypaper is critical for the fabrication of buckypaper/polymer composites. To investigate the micro-infusion process of the polymer inside the paper, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are conducted to study the diffusion behavior of epoxy molecules on the modified graphene and between graphene layers. The graphene molecular structures are constructed to represent the wall structures of the carbon nanotubes. Diffusion coefficients of the epoxy molecules on the graphene modified with different functionalization densities and interlayer distances are calculated. The results indicate that the functional groups increase the interfacial interactions between the epoxy molecules and graphene, however, largely decrease the diffusion speeds of the epoxy molecule. The simulations on the graphene layer systems indicate that, the viscous resistance of the resin is the main factor for retarding the diffusion of the epoxy molecules for the unmodified graphene layers; while for the modified graphene layers, functional groups are the main factor for retarding the resin diffusion
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Plachá, Daniela, Alexandra Muñoz-Bonilla, Kateřina Škrlová, et al. "Antibacterial Character of Cationic Polymers Attached to Carbon-Based Nanomaterials." Nanomaterials 10, no. 6 (2020): 1218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10061218.
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The preparation of hybrid polymeric systems based on carbon derivatives with a cationic polymer is described. The polymer used is a copolymer of a quaternizable methacrylic monomer with another dopamine-based monomer capable of anchoring to carbon compounds. Graphene oxide and graphene as well as hybrid polymeric systems were widely characterized by infrared, Raman and photoemission X-ray spectroscopies, electron scanning microscopy, zeta potential and thermal degradation. These allowed confirming the attachment of copolymer onto carbonaceous materials. Besides, the antimicrobial activity of hybrid polymeric systems was tested against Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis and Gram negative Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. The results showed the antibacterial character of these hybrid systems.
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Androulidakis, Ch, D. Sourlantzis, E. N. Koukaras, A. C. Manikas, and C. Galiotis. "Stress-transfer from polymer substrates to monolayer and few-layer graphenes." Nanoscale Advances 1, no. 12 (2019): 4972–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9na00323a.
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Jarosinski, Lukasz, Andrzej Rybak, Karolina Gaska, Grzegorz Kmita, Renata Porebska, and Czeslaw Kapusta. "Enhanced thermal conductivity of graphene nanoplatelets epoxy composites." Materials Science-Poland 35, no. 2 (2017): 382–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msp-2017-0028.
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Abstract Efficient heat dissipation from modern electronic devices is a key issue for their proper performance. An important role in the assembly of electronic devices is played by polymers, due to their simple application and easiness of processing. The thermal conductivity of pure polymers is relatively low and addition of thermally conductive particles into polymer matrix is the method to enhance the overall thermal conductivity of the composite. The aim of the presented work is to examine a possibility of increasing the thermal conductivity of the filled epoxy resin systems, applicable for electrical insulation, by the use of composites filled with graphene nanoplatelets. It is remarkable that the addition of only 4 wt.% of graphene could lead to 132 % increase in thermal conductivity. In this study, several new aspects of graphene composites such as sedimentation effects or temperature dependence of thermal conductivity have been presented. The thermal conductivity results were also compared with the newest model. The obtained results show potential for application of the graphene nanocomposites for electrical insulation with enhanced thermal conductivity. This paper also presents and discusses the unique temperature dependencies of thermal conductivity in a wide temperature range, significant for full understanding thermal transport mechanisms.
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Wang, Emily Z., Yigui Wang, and Dequan Xiao. "Polymer Nanocomposites for Photocatalytic Degradation and Photoinduced Utilizations of Azo-Dyes." Polymers 13, no. 8 (2021): 1215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13081215.
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Specially designed polymer nanocomposites can photo-catalytically degrade azo dyes in wastewater and textile effluents, among which TiO2-based nanocomposites are outstanding and extensively explored. Other nanocomposites based on natural polymers (i.e., chitosan and kaolin) and the oxides of Al, Au, B, Bi, Fe, Li, and Zr are commonly used. These nanocomposites have better photocatalytic efficiency than pure TiO2 through two considerations: (i) reducing the hole/electron recombination rate by stabilizing the excited electron in the conducting band, which can be achieved in TiO2-nanocomposites with graphene, graphene oxide, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), metal nanoparticles, or doping; (ii) decreasing the band energy of semiconductors by forming nanocomposites between TiO2 and other oxides or conducting polymers. Increasing the absorbance efficiency by forming special nanocomposites also increases photocatalytic performance. The photo-induced isomerization is exploited in biological systems, such as artificial muscles, and in technical fields such as memory storage and liquid crystal display. Heteroaryl azo dyes show remarkable shifts in photo-induced isomerization, which can be applied in biological and technical fields in place of azo dyes. The self-assembly methods can be employed to synthesize azo-dye polymer nanocomposites via three types of interactions: electrostatic interactions, London forces or dipole/dipole interactions between azo dyes, and photo alignments.
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Papageorgiou, Dimitrios G., Zheling Li, Mufeng Liu, Ian A. Kinloch, and Robert J. Young. "Mechanisms of mechanical reinforcement by graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymer nanocomposites." Nanoscale 12, no. 4 (2020): 2228–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nr06952f.
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This in-depth review deals with the subject of how mechanical reinforcement takes place in polymer nanocomposites containing graphene and carbon nanotubes and offers guidelines for the maximization of the performance of such systems.
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Díez-Pascual, Ana M., and Abbas Rahdar. "Graphene-Based Polymer Composites for Flexible Electronic Applications." Micromachines 13, no. 7 (2022): 1123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13071123.
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Graphene-based nanomaterials have gained a lot of interest over the last years in flexible electronics due to their exceptional electrical, mechanical, and optoelectronic properties, as well as their potential of surface modification. Their flexibility and processability make them suitable for electronic devices that require bending, folding, and stretching, which cannot be fulfilled by conventional electronics. These nanomaterials can be assembled with various types of organic materials, including polymers, and biomolecules, to generate a variety of nanocomposites with greater stretchability and healability, higher stiffness, electrical conductivity, and exceptional thermal stability for flexible lighting and display technologies. This article summarizes the main characteristics and synthesis methods of graphene, its oxidized form graphene oxide (GO), and reduced GO derivative, as well as their corresponding polymeric composites, and provides a brief overview about some recent examples of these nanocomposites in flexible electronic applications, including electrodes for solar cells and supercapacitors, electronic textiles, and transistors.
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Alekseyev, Nikolay I., Ivan K. Khmelnitskiy, Vagarshak M. Aivazyan, Anton P. Broyko, Andrey V. Korlyakov, and Victor V. Luchinin. "Ionic EAP Actuators with Electrodes Based on Carbon Nanomaterials." Polymers 13, no. 23 (2021): 4137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13234137.
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Flexible polymer-based actuators, often also called artificial muscles, are an essential part of biomimetic systems that mimic the movement principles of animal world creatures. The most used electrode material to force the actuator move is an ensemble of noble metal nanoparticles in the electroactive polymer surface. Noble metal electrodes have enough electrical conductivity and elasticity and are not subjected to oxidation. However, high cost of such electrodes and their tendency to cracking dictate the need for searching other materials, primarily carbon ones. The review considers several options for this search. For example, carbon nanotubes and graphene have excellent properties at the level of a single individually taken nanotube or graphene sheet. However, conservation of these properties in structurally imperfect film electrodes requires a separate study. In addition, there are problems of compatibility of such electrodes with the polymers that requires cumbersome technologies, e.g., hot pressing, which complicates the production of the actuator as a whole. The review concerns the technology options of manufacturing actuators and the results obtained on their basis, both including hot pressing and avoiding this procedure. In particular, the required level of the graphene oxide reduction in hydrazine provides sufficient adhesion at rather high electrical conductivity of the graphene film. The ability to simultaneous achieving these properties is a nontrivial result, providing the same level of actuation as with expensive noble metal electrodes. Actuators that additionally require greater lifetime resource should be obtained in other ways. Among them are using the graphdiyne electrodes and laser processing of the graphene electrodes.
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Anagnostopoulos, George, Charalampos Androulidakis, Emmanuel N. Koukaras, et al. "Stress Transfer Mechanisms at the Submicron Level for Graphene/Polymer Systems." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 7, no. 7 (2015): 4216–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am508482n.
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Caroline da Silva Rocha, Anne, Lívia Rodrigues Menezes, Emerson Oliveira da Silva, and Maria Clara Guimarães Pedrosa. "Synergistic effect of carbon nanoparticles on the mechanical and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid) as promising systems for packaging." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 27 (2020): 4133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998320927779.
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Due to the high demand of the use of food packaging in the present day, the waste from the material disposal has become a problem of high environmental impact. In this perspective, biodegradable polymers can represent a viable alternative as they degrade after their disposal, thus reducing their environmental impact. The poly(lactic acid) or polylactide is a biodegradable, biocompatible, and compostable polymer, being considered by many authors as one of the most promising biopolymers in industrial applications. However, its low thermal and mechanical properties make it an unfeasible option to replace synthetic polymers. Consequently, polymer nanocomposites containing carbon nanoparticles are products of relevant interest currently, mainly due to the thermal, mechanical, electrical, and optical properties these materials can present. Therefore, carbon nanoparticles (carbon nanotubes, graphene, and fullerene) modified with octadecylamine in their isolated state and in ternary systems in concentrations of 0.01%, 0.03%, and 0.09% were obtained from poly(lactic acid) polymer nanocomposites. After obtaining them, these systems were analyzed by TGA, DSC, FTIR, XRD, SEM, DMA, and NMR techniques. The presence of the octadecylamine modified carbon nanoparticles was able to increase the thermal and mechanical resistance of the poly(lactic acid) matrix. The systems with 0.03% of the nanostructures showed better results in both analyses. In the system with 0.09%, agglomeration occurred, and in ternary systems, the application of these particles results in a greater impact on the molecular mobility exhibiting a synergistic effect that may come from a better dispersion.
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Tabernero, Antonio, Lucia Baldino, Stefano Cardea, Eva Martín del Valle, and Ernesto Reverchon. "A Phenomenological Approach to Study Mechanical Properties of Polymeric Porous Structures Processed Using Supercritical CO2." Polymers 11, no. 3 (2019): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11030485.
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This work proposes a modeling of the mechanical properties of porous polymers processed by scCO2, using a phenomenological approach. Tensile and compression tests of alginate/gelatin and cellulose acetate/graphene oxide were modeled using three hyperelastic equations, derived from strain energy functions. The proposed hyperelastic equations provide a fair good fit for mechanical behavior of the nanofibrous system alginate/gelatin (deviations lower than 10%); whereas, due to the presence of the solid in the polymer network, a four-parameter model must be used to fit the composite cellulose acetate/graphene oxide behavior. Larger deviations from the experimental data were observed for the system cellulose acetate/graphene oxide because of its microporous structure. A finite element method was, then, proposed to model both systems; it allowed a realistic description of observable displacements and effective stresses. The results indicate that materials processed using scCO2, when submitted to large stresses, do not obey Hooke´s law and must be considered as hyperelastic.
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Khan, Mohammad Saleem, and Abdul Shakoor. "Ionic Conductance, Thermal and Morphological Behavior of PEO-Graphene Oxide-Salts Composites." Journal of Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/695930.
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Thin films composites of poly(ethylene oxide)-graphene oxide were fabricated with and without lithium salts by solvent cast method. The ionic conductivity of these composites was studied at various concentrations of salt polymer-GO complexes and at different temperatures. The effects of temperature and graphene oxide concentration were measured from Arrhenius conductance plots. It is shown that the addition of salts in pure PEO increases conductance many times. The graphene oxide addition has enhanced the conductance approximately 1000 times as compared to that of pure PEO. The activation energies were determined for all the systems which gave higher values for pure PEO and the value decreased with the addition of LiClO4and LiCl salts and further decreases with the addition of graphene oxide. The composite has also lowered the activation energy values which mean that incorporation of GO in PEO has decreased crystallinity and the amorphous region has increased the local mobility of polymer chains resulting in lower activation energies. SEM analysis shows uniform distribution of GO in polymer matrix. The thermal stability studies reveal that incorporation of GO has somewhat enhanced the thermal stability of the films.
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Pazhamalai, Parthiban, Vimal Kumar Mariappan, Surjit Sahoo, Woo Young Kim, Young Sun Mok, and Sang-Jae Kim. "Free-Standing PVDF/Reduced Graphene Oxide Film for All-Solid-State Flexible Supercapacitors towards Self-Powered Systems." Micromachines 11, no. 2 (2020): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11020198.
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The development of polymer-based devices has attracted much attention due to their miniaturization, flexibility, lightweight and sustainable power sources with high efficiency in the field of wearable/portable electronics, and energy system. In this work, we proposed a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based composite matrix for both energy harvesting and energy storage applications. The physicochemical characterizations, such as X-ray diffraction, laser Raman, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analyses, were performed for the electrospun PVDF/sodium niobate and PVDF/reduced graphene oxide composite film. The electrospun PVDF/sodium niobate nanofibrous mat has been utilized for the energy harvester which shows an open circuit voltage of 40 V (peak to peak) at an applied compressive force of 40 N. The PVDF/reduced graphene oxide composite film acts as the electrode for the symmetric supercapacitor (SSC) device fabrication and investigated for their supercapacitive properties. Finally, the self-charging system has been assembled using PVDF/sodium niobate (energy harvester), and PVDF/reduced graphene oxide SSC (energy storage) and the self-charging capability is investigated. The proposed self-charging system can create a pathway for the all-polymer based composite high-performance self-charging system.
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Yang, Yue, Jiawen Lv, Baizhu Lin, Yue Cao, Yunji Yi, and Daming Zhang. "Graphene-Assisted Polymer Waveguide Optically Controlled Switch Using First-Order Mode." Polymers 13, no. 13 (2021): 2117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13132117.
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All-optical devices have a great potential in optical communication systems. As a new material, graphene has attracted great attention in the field of optics due to its unique properties. We propose a graphene-assisted polymer optically controlled thermo-optic switch, based on the Ex01 mode, which can reduce the absorption loss of graphene. Graphene absorbs 980 nm pump light, and uses the heat generated by ohmic heating to switch on and off the signal light at 1550 nm. The simulation results show that, when the graphene is in the right position, we can obtain the power consumption of 9.5 mW, the propagation loss of 0.01 dB/cm, and the switching time of 127 μs (rise)/125 μs (fall). The switching time can be improved to 106 μs (rise) and 102 μs (fall) with silicon substrate. Compared with an all-fiber switch, our model has lower power consumption and lower propagation loss. The proposed switch is suitable for optically controlled fields with low loss and full polarization. Due to the low cost and easy integration of polymer materials, the device will play an important role in the fields of all-optical signal processing and silicon-based hybrid integrated photonic devices.
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Memisoglu, Gorkem, Raghavan Chinnambedu Murugesan, Joseba Zubia, and Aleksey G. Rozhin. "Graphene Nanocomposite Membranes: Fabrication and Water Treatment Applications." Membranes 13, no. 2 (2023): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13020145.
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Graphene, a two-dimensional hexagonal honeycomb carbon structure, is widely used in membrane technologies thanks to its unique optical, electrical, mechanical, thermal, chemical and photoelectric properties. The light weight, mechanical strength, anti-bacterial effect, and pollution-adsorption properties of graphene membranes are valuable in water treatment studies. Incorporation of nanoparticles like carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and metal oxide into the graphene filtering nanocomposite membrane structure can provide an improved photocatalysis process in a water treatment system. With the rapid development of graphene nanocomposites and graphene nanocomposite membrane-based acoustically supported filtering systems, including CNTs and visible-light active metal oxide photocatalyst, it is necessary to develop the researches of sustainable and environmentally friendly applications that can lead to new and groundbreaking water treatment systems. In this review, characteristic properties of graphene and graphene nanocomposites are examined, various methods for the synthesis and dispersion processes of graphene, CNTs, metal oxide and polymer nanocomposites and membrane fabrication and characterization techniques are discussed in details with using literature reports and our laboratory experimental results. Recent membrane developments in water treatment applications and graphene-based membranes are reviewed, and the current challenges and future prospects of membrane technology are discussed.
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Cao, Yue, Yunji Yi, Yue Yang, et al. "Low Power Consumption 3D-Inverted Ridge Thermal Optical Switch of Graphene-Coated Polymer/Silica Hybrid Waveguide." Micromachines 11, no. 8 (2020): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11080783.
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An inverted ridge 3D thermal optical (TO) switch of a graphene-coated polymer/silica hybrid waveguide is proposed. The side electrode structure is designed to reduce the mode loss induced by the graphene film and by heating the electrode. The graphene layer is designed to be located on the waveguide to assist in the conduction of heat produced by the electrode. The inverted ridge core is fabricated by etching and spin-coating processes, which can realize the flat surface waveguide. This core improves the transfer of the graphene layer and the compatibility of the fabrication processes. Because of the opposite thermal optical coefficient of polymer and silica and the high thermal conductivity of the graphene layer, the 3D hybrid TO switch with low power consumption and fast response time is obtained. Compared with the traditional TO switch without graphene film, the power consumption of the proposed TO switch is reduced by 41.43% at the wavelength of 1550 nm, width of the core layer (a) of 3 μm, and electrode distance (d) of 4 μm. The rise and fall times of the proposed TO switch are simulated to be 64.5 μs and 175 μs with a d of 4 μm, and a of 2 μm, respectively.
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Rissanou, Anastassia N., and Vagelis Harmandaris. "Dynamics of various polymer–graphene interfacial systems through atomistic molecular dynamics simulations." Soft Matter 10, no. 16 (2014): 2876. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3sm52688g.
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Yuvarani, P., S. Vijayachitra, V. Ranganayaki, et al. "Industrial Waste Water Recycling Using Nanographene Oxide Filters." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (July 19, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4528949.
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Nanomaterials play a vital role in healthcare, electronics, manufacturing industries, biotechnology, and security systems. One such material is graphene and its oxides are specifically used for recycling industrial waste water. Graphene, a single layer in honeycomb cross section, provides excellent attention because of its significant optical, mechanical, and physical properties. GO was utilized to decrease the acidic or essential centralization of the mechanical wastewater into reusable water for the modern reason utilizing graphene channels. In this paper, sample solution (waste water) is taken from paper industry. Graphene channels can be created from the pencil graphite. Graphene has the high goals of separating capacity, and graphene is considered as “a definitive RO film” in light of its stronger, thinner, and more chemically safe nature than the polymer layers. Graphene oxide layers are likewise to be used in the desalination plant in place of the RO membrane.
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Nicosia, Angelo, Fabiana Vento, Anna Lucia Pellegrino, et al. "Polymer-Based Graphene Derivatives and Microwave-Assisted Silver Nanoparticles Decoration as a Potential Antibacterial Agent." Nanomaterials 10, no. 11 (2020): 2269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10112269.
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Nanocomposites obtained by the decoration of graphene-based materials with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have received increasing attention owing to their antimicrobial activity. However, the complex synthetic methods for their preparation have limited practical applications. This study aims to synthesize novel NanoHybrid Systems based on graphene, polymer, and AgNPs (namely, NanoHy-GPS) through an easy microwave irradiation approach free of reductants and surfactants. The polymer plays a crucial role, as it assures the coating layer/substrate compatibility making the platform easily adaptable for a specific substrate. AgNPs’ loading (from 5% to 87%) can be tuned by the amount of Silver salt used during the microwave-assisted reaction, obtaining spherical AgNPs with average sizes of 5–12 nm homogeneously distributed on a polymer-graphene nanosystem. Interestingly, microwave irradiation partially restored the graphene sp2 network without damage of ester bonds. The structure, morphology, and chemical composition of NanoHy-GPS and its subunits were characterized by means of UV-vis spectroscopy, thermal analysis, differential light scattering (DLS), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) techniques. A preliminary qualitative empirical assay against the typical bacterial load on common hand-contacted surfaces has been performed to assess the antibacterial properties of NanoHy-GPS, evidencing a significative reduction of bacterial colonies spreading.
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Fu, Guoyu, Dehong Huo, Islam Shyha, Fuzhong Sun, and Qiang Gao. "Machinability investigation of polymer/GNP nanocomposites in micro-milling." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 119, no. 3-4 (2021): 2341–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-08471-8.
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AbstractNanoparticles such as graphene have been added to various polymer matrices to enhance the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of polymer materials that require complex designs on a microscopic scale. Micro-machining is used to process these nanocomposite materials to achieve high surface quality and dimensional accuracy while maintaining high productivity. In this study, a systematic micro-milling experiment was performed on polymer/graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) nanocomposites to advance knowledge of the micro-machinability of these materials. It evaluates the effect of the addition of 0.1wt% GNP nanoparticles on machined surface morphology, chip formation, cutting forces, and tool wear. It is found that the addition of GNP nanoparticles changes the slot edge formation mode from burring mode to chipping mode.
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Karode, Nireeksha, Laurence Fitzhenry, Siobhán Matthews, Philip Walsh, and Austin Coffey. "Enhancement of the Mechanical Properties of PEBAX Graphene Nanocomposite Using Supercritical Fluid Assisted Extrusion Polymer Processing Technique." Materials Science Forum 883 (January 2017): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.883.75.
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Medical tubing used in minimally invasive devices presents a number of design considerations depending on the material used, design requirements (such as sufficient stiffness, flexibility and biocompatibility) and processing conditions. Currently, manufacturing industries adopt co-extrusion systems to meet design specifications, by using multilayer configuration leading to higher cost per device and increased complexity. This paper investigates the mechanical performance of nanocomposites using supercritical carbon dioxide assisted polymer processing technique. The use of innovative medical compounds such as PEBAX graphene nanocomposites have resulted in measurable improvements in mechanical properties. This study also presents the effect of supercritical carbon dioxide on the mechanical and physical properties of the polymer matrix. The mechanical properties have been investigated using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and mechanical tensile test, where sufficient reinforcement was observed depending on the composition of graphene within PEBAX matrix. ATR-FTIR was used to further analyze the effect of supercritical carbon dioxide and interactions within the polymer composite matrix.
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Vallés, Cristina, Amr M. Abdelkader, Robert J. Young, and Ian A. Kinloch. "Few layer graphene–polypropylene nanocomposites: the role of flake diameter." Faraday Discuss. 173 (2014): 379–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4fd00112e.
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Graphene shows excellent potential as a structural reinforcement in polymer nanocomposites due to its exceptional mechanical properties. We have shown previously that graphene composites can be analysed using conventional composite theory with the graphene flakes acting as short fillers which have a critical length of ∼3 μm which is required for good reinforcement. Herein, polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites were prepared using electrochemically-exfoliated few layer graphene (FLG) with two different flake diameters (5 μm and 20 μm). The crystallization temperature and degree of crystallinity of the PP were found to increase with the loading of FLG, which suggests that the flakes acted as crystallisation nucleation sites. Mechanical testing showed that the 5 μm flakes behaved as short fillers and reinforced the PP matrix poorly. The modulus of the 20 μm flake composites, however, increased linearly with loading up to 20 wt%, without any of the detrimental aggregation effects seen in other graphene systems. The mechanical data were compared with our previous work on other graphene composite systems and the apparent need to balance the degree of functionalization to improve matrix compatibility whilst not encouraging aggregation is discussed.
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Naveen, Jesuarockiam, Mohammad Jawaid, Kheng Lim Goh, et al. "Advancement in Graphene-Based Materials and Their Nacre Inspired Composites for Armour Applications—A Review." Nanomaterials 11, no. 5 (2021): 1239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11051239.
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The development of armour systems with higher ballistic resistance and light weight has gained considerable attention as an increasing number of countries are recognising the need to build up advanced self-defence system to deter potential military conflicts and threats. Graphene is a two dimensional one-atom thick nanomaterial which possesses excellent tensile strength (130 GPa) and specific penetration energy (10 times higher than steel). It is also lightweight, tough and stiff and is expected to replace the current aramid fibre-based polymer composites. Currently, insights derived from the study of the nacre (natural armour system) are finding applications on the development of artificial nacre structures using graphene-based materials that can achieve high toughness and energy dissipation. The aim of this review is to discuss the potential of graphene-based nanomaterials with regard to the penetration energy, toughness and ballistic limit for personal body armour applications. This review addresses the cutting-edge research in the ballistic performance of graphene-based materials through theoretical, experimentation as well as simulations. The influence of fabrication techniques and interfacial interactions of graphene-based bioinspired polymer composites for ballistic application are also discussed. This review also covers the artificial nacre which is shown to exhibit superior mechanical and toughness behaviours.
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Hussin, Nabihah, Asrul Izam Azmi, Mohd Rashidi Salim, et al. "Graphene-polyvinyl alcohol polymer based saturable absorption at 2000 nm region." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 27, no. 2 (2022): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v27.i2.pp701-708.
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A <span>graphene-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite saturable absorption is demonstrated at 2000 nm region. Graphene suspension is produced using low-cost electrochemical exfoliation process. The suspension is mixed with PVA host polymer in 1:1 ratio and left evaporated at room temperature which finally produced graphene-PVA thin film. Thulium doped fiber (TDF) gain medium has been shown to produce a stable Q-switched pulse with a highest repetition rate of 54 kHz, a short pulse duration of 2.89 µs, a maximum peak power of 16 mW, and an estimated maximum pulse energy of 49 nJ. Apparently, at 2000 nm region, superior performances of graphene-PVA composite have been recorded which was largely contributed by meticulous composite preparation and homogenous mixture with PVA host</span>.
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Prasad Verma, Rajendra, and Sharad Chandra Srivastava. "Discussion on an Overview of Graphene Nanocomposites and Dielectric Elastomers." Journal of Futuristic Sciences and Applications 1, no. 2 (2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/jfsa.121801.
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This article examines the most current advancements in dielectric elastomer actuator technology. The adaptability of these actuators makes them helpful in a wide range of situations. Dielectric elastomers, a kind of electroactive polymer, undergo a transformation when subjected to an electric field. When compared to piezoelectric materials, shape memory alloys, ionic polymer metallic materials, and form memory alloys, EAPs' applicability for the design of a broad range of sensors, actuators, and biomedical equipment is better. Because EAPs are able to preserve their original shape even after being distorted, this is why they are so effective. Since EAPs are light, adaptable, simple to manufacture, economically viable, and compatible with surfaces and geometries of varying complexity, this is the case. Shape-memory alloys and materials with piezoelectric characteristics are also included. The working electric field is rather intense, and the dielectric constant is quite low, making this material challenging to deal with. This is the most significant stumbling block in the process of dealing with this particular substance. One way to deal with this problem is to use filler materials that are extremely conductive, such as graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (RGO), or functionalized graphene oxide. Functionalized graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide are other possible techniques. In addition to functionalized graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide, there are two more ways that might be used. A lot of choices are now at your disposal, including this one. Actuators that rely on this material may now be built since EAPs composites have been created with a typical low operating voltage (on the request for 50 V/m). To put it another way, we can now design actuators that are reliant on this material. These materials are used as actuators in many different types of control, adaptable, and automated systems, including many different academic areas, such as science, electromechanics, and others. [For instance:] There are several examples of this, such as: [As an illustration:] ... [Here's a great example of] There are a number of issues related with the usage of electroactive polymers (EAPs) in this study, which was focused on the operating principle and actuation mechanism.
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Stass, Dmitri, and Evgeny Tretyakov. "Estimation of Absolute Spin Counts in Nitronyl Nitroxide-Bearing Graphene Nanoribbons." Magnetochemistry 5, no. 2 (2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry5020032.
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The degrees of spin labeling of a polyphenylene-based polymer and its graphitized derivative with a stable nitronyl nitroxide were evaluated by estimating the absolute numbers of spins in a set of samples using continuous wave (CW) electron spin resonance (ESR). For these particular systems, the degrees of spin labeling were found to be approximately 0.8% and 1.3%, respectively. The developed procedure complements the more advanced time-resolved/cryogenic ESR studies on these systems by focusing on the stable spin labels introduced in these magnetically intricate materials and providing an estimate of their absolute amount, which is indispensable in the development of synthetic approaches to prepare modified graphene systems and for evaluating the success of these systems.
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Gao, Kai, Wei Li, Xiaoyang Wang, Sai Sun, and Bin Zhang. "Fabrication of AIE Polymer-Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide for Information Storage." Molecules 28, no. 17 (2023): 6271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28176271.
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Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) has been extensively studied and applied in optoelectronic systems, but its unstable dispersion in organic solvents has limited its application. To overcome this problem, the newly designed and developed aggregation-induced emission (AIE) material poly[(9,9-bis(6-azidohexyl)-9H-fluorene)-alt-(9-(4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)phenyl)-9H-carbazole)] (PAFTC) was covalently grafted onto RGO to produce (PFTC-g-RGO). The solubility of two-dimensional graphene was improved by incorporating it into the backbone of PAFTC to form new functional materials. In resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices, PFTC-g-RGO was used as the active layer material after it was characterized. The fabricated Al/PFTC-g-RGO/ITO device exhibited nonvolatile bistable resistive switching performances with a long retention time of over 104 s, excellent endurance of over 200 switching cycles, and an impressively low turn-ON voltage. This study provides important insights into the future development of AIE polymer-functionalized nanomaterials for information storage.
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Amiryaghoubi, Nazanin, and Marziyeh Fathi. "Bioscaffolds of graphene based-polymeric hybrid materials for myocardial tissue engineering." BioImpacts 14, no. 1 (2023): 27684. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/bi.2023.27684.
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Introduction: Biomaterials currently utilized for the regeneration of myocardial tissue seem to associate with certain restrictions, including deficiency of electrical conductivity and sufficient mechanical strength. These two factors play an important role in cardiac tissue engineering and regeneration. The contractile property of cardiomyocytes depends on directed signal transmission over the electroconductive systems that happen inside the innate myocardium. Because of their distinctive electrical behavior, electroactive materials such as graphene might be used for the regeneration of cardiac tissue. Methods: In this review, we aim to provide deep insight into the applications of graphene and graphene derivative-based hybrid polymeric scaffolds in cardiomyogenic differentiation and cardiac tissue regeneration. Results: Synthetic biodegradable polymers are considered as a platform because their degradation can be controlled over time and easily functionalized. Therefore, graphene-polymeric hybrid scaffolds with anisotropic electrical behavior can be utilized to produce organizational and efficient constructs for macroscopic cardiac tissue engineering. In cardiac tissue regeneration, natural polymer based-scaffolds such as chitosan, gelatin, and cellulose can provide a permissive setting significantly supporting the differentiation and growth of the human induced pluripotent stem cells -derived cardiomyocytes, in large part due to their negligible immunogenicity and suitable biodegradability. Conclusion: Cardiac tissue regeneration characteristically utilizes an extracellular matrix (scaffold), cells, and growth factors that enhance cell adhesion, growth, and cardiogenic differentiation. From the various evaluated electroactive polymeric scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration in the past decade, graphene and its derivatives-based materials can be utilized efficiently for cardiac tissue engineering.
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Orasugh, Jonathan Tersur, and Suprakash Sinha Ray. "Prospect of DFT Utilization in Polymer-Graphene Composites for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Application: A Review." Polymers 14, no. 4 (2022): 704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14040704.
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The improvement in current materials science has prompted a developing need to capture the peculiarities that determine the properties of materials and how they are processed on an atomistic level. Quantum mechanics laws control the interface among atoms and electrons; thus, exact and proficient techniques for fixing the major quantum-mechanical conditions for complex many-particle, many-electron frameworks should be created. Density functional theory (DFT) marks an unequivocal advance in these endeavours. DFT has had a rapid influence on quintessential and industrial research during the last decade. The DFT system describes periodic structural systems of 2D or 3D electronics with the utilization of Bloch’s theorem in the direction of Kohn–Sham wavefunctions for the significant facilitation of these schemes. This article introduces and discusses the infinite systems modelling approach required for graphene-based polymer composites or their hybrids. Aiming to understand electronic structure computations as per physics, the impressions of band structures and atomic structure envisioned along with orbital predicted density states are beneficial. Convergence facets coupled with the basic functions number and the k-points number are necessary to explain for every physicochemical characteristic in these materials. Proper utilization of DFT in graphene-based polymer composites for materials in EMI SE presents the potential of taking this niche to unprecedented heights within the next decades. The application of this system in graphene-based composites by researchers, along with their performance, is reviewed.
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Kośla, Katarzyna, Magdalena Olejnik, and Karolina Olszewska. "Preparation and properties of composite materials containing graphene structures and their applicability in personal protective equipment: A Review." REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE 59, no. 1 (2020): 215–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rams-2020-0025.
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AbstractGraphene is a new, advanced material with many possible applications in basic and clinical medicine, electronics and automation. Graphene compounds can be successfully used as an integral part of drug delivery systems, in the construction of transistors, polar processors, touch screens, solar cells and in the production of materials for the manufacture of personal protective equipment, i.e. products and equipment intended to protect the health and life of users. The literature review presented in this paper concerns physical and mechanical properties of composites containing graphene or its structure as well as methods of obtaining polymer, metallic and ceramic composites doped with graphene structures. Data analysis of the potential use of graphene and its composites in personal protective equipment such as monitoring sensors, clothing and security equipment such as ballistic armor, helmets and protective clothing were also reviewed and summarized.
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Kang, Dongwoo, Sung Hee Kim, Donghyeok Shin, Ji Taek Oh, Myeong-Gi Kim, and Pyoung-Chan Lee. "Hygroscopic Behavior of Polypropylene Nanocomposites Filled with Graphene Functionalized by Alkylated Chains." Nanomaterials 12, no. 23 (2022): 4130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12234130.
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Owing to stringent international environmental and fuel efficiency requirements for lightweight automotive systems, polymer composites have attracted widespread attention. Polypropylene (PP) is a widely employed commercial polymer because of its lightweight and low cost. In this study, PP nanocomposites were fabricated to reduce the moisture absorption of PP composites in automotive headlamp housings. Alkylated chemically modified graphene (CMG-R) was synthesized to reduce the surface hydrophilicity of graphene and increase compatibility with the PP matrix. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were performed to analyze the nanofillers. X-ray diffraction was performed to determine the interlayer spacing of the nanofiller resulting from surface treatment. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to analyze the crystallinity of the nanocomposites. The results indicated that the improved hydrophobicity of the nanofiller due to alkylation reduced the maximum moisture absorption of the PP nanocomposites by 15% compared to PP composites. The findings of this study are useful for reducing fogging in automotive headlamps.
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Fang, Haiqiu, Dongfang Yang, Zizhen Su, et al. "Preparation and Application of Graphene and Derived Carbon Materials in Supercapacitors: A Review." Coatings 12, no. 9 (2022): 1312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12091312.
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Graphene has recently attracted a wide range of research interests due to its rigorous two-dimensional structure and extraordinary electrical, thermal and mechanical properties. As a conductive agent, an activated carbon supercapacitor can obtain better performance. This paper summarizes the latest research progress, mainly from two aspects: (1) the preparation of an activated carbon base for a supercapacitor based on waste sugar solution and the relationship between pore structure and activation parameters, and (2) the application of the two-dimensional materials graphene and its composite materials in electric double-layer capacitors, graphene–polymer composite tantalum capacitors, graphene–transition metal oxide composite tantalum capacitors, and asymmetric super capacitors. The studies found that graphene and its composite materials have obvious advantages in improving the cycle efficiency, conversion rate, and energy density of supercapacitors, the overall energy efficiency of mechanical systems, and the chemical properties of nanoelectronics. Therefore, it is urgent to summarize these works in order to promote the next development. Graphene is expected to be effectively and environmentally quantified in the near future, and its application in supercapacitors will be further expanded and matured.
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Puchalski, Michal, Ewa Skrzetuska, and Izabella Krucińska. "The Possibilities of Graphenes Application in Textronic Devices." Advances in Science and Technology 95 (October 2014): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.95.27.
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Graphene, because of its exceptional properties such as very good electrical conductance, flexibility and high optical transparency in visible light spectrum, has proved to be an excellent nanomaterial for modern electronic applications. The natural point of view is to use this new nanomaterial for the development of unique textronic devices such as sensory systems for monitoring human body’s vital functions and atmospheric composition. The present review shows the state of art of materials science and possibilities of the smart textiles design with graphene. The most promising applications of graphene for the design of textronic devices are the development of conductive polymer composites (CPC) and the development of inks and pastes for printing conductive tracks on textile materials. The preliminary results of implementation of 2D carbon structure into textronic devices are presented.
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Kumar, Sachin Sharma Ashok, Nujud Badawi Mohammed, Osamah Alduhaish, et al. "Anticorrosion, Thermal Degradation, and Hydrophobic Performances of Graphene/TiO2 Nanocomposite Coatings." Polymers 15, no. 11 (2023): 2428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15112428.
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Globally, researchers have devoted consistent efforts to producing excellent coating properties since coating plays an essential role in enhancing electrochemical performance and surface quality. In this study, TiO2 nanoparticles in varying concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 wt.% were added into the acrylic-epoxy polymeric matrix with 90:10 wt.% (90A:10E) ratio incorporated with 1 wt.% graphene, to fabricate graphene/TiO2 -based nanocomposite coating systems. Furthermore, the properties of the graphene/TiO2 composites were investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, water contact angle (WCA) measurements, and cross-hatch test (CHT), respectively. Moreover, the field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests were conducted to investigate the dispersibility and anticorrosion mechanism of the coatings. The EIS was observed by determining the breakpoint frequencies over a period of 90 days. The results revealed that the TiO2 nanoparticles were successfully decorated on the graphene surface by chemical bonds, which resulted in the graphene/TiO2 nanocomposite coatings exhibiting better dispersibility within the polymeric matrix. The WCA of the graphene/TiO2 coating increased along with the ratio of TiO2 to graphene, achieving the highest CA of 120.85° for 3 wt.% of TiO2. Excellent dispersion and uniform distribution of the TiO2 nanoparticles within the polymer matrix were shown up to 2 wt.% of TiO2 inclusion. Among the coating systems, throughout the immersion time, the graphene/TiO2 (1:1) coating system exhibited the best dispersibility and high impedance modulus values (Z0.01 Hz), exceeding 1010 Ω cm2.
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Kosowska, Karolina, Patrycja Domalik-Pyzik, Małgorzata Krok-Borkowicz, and Jan Chłopek. "Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan/Reduced Graphene Oxide Hybrid Composites." Materials 12, no. 13 (2019): 2077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12132077.
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Graphene family materials (GFM) are currently considered to be one of the most interesting nanomaterials with a wide range of application. They can also be used as modifiers of polymer matrices to develop composite materials with favorable properties. In this study, hybrid nanocomposites based on chitosan (CS) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were fabricated for potential use in bone tissue engineering. CS/rGO hydrogels were prepared by simultaneous reduction and composite formation in acetic acid or lactic acid and crosslinked with a natural agent—tannic acid (TAc). A broad spectrum of research methods was applied in order to thoroughly characterize both the components and the composite systems, i.e., X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffractometry, Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, ninhydrin assay, mechanical testing, in vitro degradation and bioactivity study, wettability, and, finally, cytocompatibility. The composites formed through the self-assembly of CS chains and exfoliated rGO sheets. Obtained results allowed also to conclude that the type of solvent used impacts the polymer structure and its ability to interact with rGO sheets and the mechanical properties of the composites. Both rGO and TAc acted as crosslinkers of the polymer chains. This study shows that the developed materials demonstrate the potential for use in bone tissue engineering. The next step should be their detailed biological examinations.
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Kausar, Ayesha. "Corrosion prevention prospects of polymeric nanocomposites: A review." Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting 35, no. 2 (2018): 181–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756087918806027.
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Corrosion is a serious problem for implementing metallic components and devices in industrial zones. Considerable effort has been made to develop corrosion prevention strategies. Initially, paints, pigments, and organic coatings have been applied to prevent metal corrosion. Consequently, conjugated polymers, epoxy resin, phenolics, acrylic polymers, and many thermoplastics as well as thermoset resins have been used to inhibit corrosion. Lately, nanofillers such as fullerene, nanodiamond, graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotube, carbon black, nanoclay, and inorganic nanoparticle have been introduced in polymeric matrices to harness valuable corrosion protection properties of the nanocomposite. Corrosion protection performance of a nanocomposite depends on nanofiller dispersion, physical and covalent interaction between matrix/nanofiller and nanofiller adhesion to the substrate. Moreover, a high performance anti-corrosion nanocomposite must have good barrier properties, and high scratch, impact, abrasion, and chemical resistance. Thus, polymeric nanocomposites have been found to prevent corrosion in aerospace and aircraft structural parts, electronic components, bipolar plates in fuel cells, and biomedical devices and systems. However, numerous challenges need to be addressed in this field to attain superior corrosion resistant nanocomposites. Future research on polymer nanocomposites has the potential to resolve the current challenges of metal corrosion through entire replacement of metal-based materials with advanced nanomaterials.
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Stavropoulos, Sotirios G., Aikaterini Sanida, and Georgios C. Psarras. "Carbon Allotropes/Epoxy Nanocomposites as Capacitive Energy Storage/Harvesting Systems." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15 (2021): 7059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11157059.
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The present work aims at the development and characterization of carbon/polymer matrix nanocomposites, which will be able to operate as compact materials systems for energy storage and harvesting. Series of polymer nanocomposites employing different types of carbon allotropes (carbon black nanoparticles, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, graphene nanoplatelets and nanodiamonds) were developed varying the filler type and content. The energy storage ability of the systems was examined under AC and DC conditions to evaluate the influence of temperature, DC voltage and different types of filler content upon the stored and harvested energy. Experimental data confirmed the ability of the examined systems to store energy and release it on demand via a fast charge/discharge process. The addition of carbon nanoparticles significantly enhances the energy density of the systems. The coefficient of energy efficiency (neff) was determined for all systems, reaching up to 80% for the nanocomposite with 5 phr (parts per hundred resin per mass) carbon black content. In order to examine the optimal operational conditions of the systems, their structural integrity and thermomechanical properties were also investigated by means of static tensile tests, Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC).
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Jeong, Sung-Yeob, Jun-Uk Lee, Sung-Moo Hong, et al. "Highly Skin-Conformal Laser-Induced Graphene-Based Human Motion Monitoring Sensor." Nanomaterials 11, no. 4 (2021): 951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11040951.
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Bio-compatible strain sensors based on elastomeric conductive polymer composites play pivotal roles in human monitoring devices. However, fabricating highly sensitive and skin-like (flexible and stretchable) strain sensors with broad working range is still an enormous challenge. Herein, we report on a novel fabrication technology for building elastomeric conductive skin-like composite by mixing polymer solutions. Our e-skin substrates were fabricated according to the weight of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and photosensitive polyimide (PSPI) solutions, which could control substrate color. An e-skin and 3-D flexible strain sensor was developed with the formation of laser induced graphene (LIG) on the skin-like substrates. For a one-step process, Laser direct writing (LDW) was employed to construct superior durable LIG/PDMS/PSPI composites with a closed-pore porous structure. Graphene sheets of LIG coated on the closed-porous structure constitute a deformable conductive path. The LIG integrated with the closed-porous structure intensifies the deformation of the conductive network when tensile strain is applied, which enhances the sensitivity. Our sensor can efficiently monitor not only energetic human motions but also subtle oscillation and physiological signals for intelligent sound sensing. The skin-like strain sensor showed a perfect combination of ultrawide sensing range (120% strain), large sensitivity (gauge factor of ~380), short response time (90 ms) and recovery time (140 ms), as well as superior stability. Our sensor has great potential for innovative applications in wearable health-monitoring devices, robot tactile systems, and human–machine interface systems.
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Abunahla, Heba, Nahla Alamoodi, Anas Alazzam, and Baker Mohammad. "Micro-Pattern of Graphene Oxide Films Using Metal Bonding." Micromachines 11, no. 4 (2020): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11040399.
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Recently, graphene has been explored in several research areas according to its outstanding combination of mechanical and electrical features. The ability to fabricate micro-patterns of graphene facilitates its integration in emerging technologies such as flexible electronics. This work reports a novel micro-pattern approach of graphene oxide (GO) film on a polymer substrate using metal bonding. It is shown that adding ethanol to the GO aqueous dispersion enhances substantially the uniformity of GO thin film deposition, which is a great asset for mass production. On the other hand, the presence of ethanol in the GO solution hinders the fabrication of patterned GO films using the standard lift-off process. To overcome this, the fabrication process provided in this work takes advantage of the chemical adhesion between the GO or reduced GO (rGO) and metal films. It is proved that the adhesion between the metal layer and GO or rGO is stronger than the adhesion between the latter and the polymer substrate (i.e., cyclic olefin copolymer used in this work). This causes the removal of the GO layer underneath the metal film during the lift-off process, leaving behind the desired GO or rGO micro-patterns. The feasibility and suitability of the proposed pattern technique is confirmed by fabricating the patterned electrodes inside a microfluidic device to manipulate living cells using dielectrophoresis. This work adds great value to micro-pattern GO and rGO thin films and has immense potential to achieve high yield production in emerging applications.
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Salahuddin, Bidita, Shaikh N. Faisal, Tajwar A. Baigh, et al. "Carbonaceous Materials Coated Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites." Polymers 13, no. 16 (2021): 2771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13162771.
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Carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites have high mechanical properties that make them exemplary engineered materials to carry loads and stresses. Coupling fibre and matrix together require good understanding of not only fibre morphology but also matrix rheology. One way of having a strongly coupled fibre and matrix interface is to size the reinforcing fibres by means of micro- or nanocarbon materials coating on the fibre surface. Common coating materials used are carbon nanotubes and nanofibres and graphene, and more recently carbon black (colloidal particles of virtually pure elemental carbon) and graphite. There are several chemical, thermal, and electrochemical processes that are used for coating the carbonous materials onto a carbon fibre surface. Sizing of fibres provides higher interfacial adhesion between fibre and matrix and allows better fibre wetting by the surrounded matrix material. This review paper goes over numerous techniques that are used for engineering the interface between both fibre and matrix systems, which is eventually the key to better mechanical properties of the composite systems.
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Liu, Feng, Ning Hu, Meng Han, et al. "Investigation of interfacial mechanical properties of graphene-polymer nanocomposites." Molecular Simulation 42, no. 14 (2016): 1165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927022.2016.1154550.
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