Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Graphes de groupes'
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Moioli, Christophe. "Graphes de groupes et groupes co-hopfiens." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961301.
Full textTanasescu, Mihaela-Cerasela. "Graphes, Partitions et Classes : G-graphs et leurs applications." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGUY0787/document.
Full textInteractions between graph theory and group theory have already led to interesting results for both domains. Graphs defined from algebraic groups have highly symmetrical structure giving birth to interesting properties. The most famous example is Cayley graphs, which revealed to be particularly interesting both from a theoretical and a practical point of view due to their applications in several domains including network architecture or parallel machines. Nevertheless, the regularity of Cayley graphs is also a limit as they are always vertex-transitive and therefore not relevant to generate semi-regular networks. This observation motivated the definition, in 2005, of a new family of graphs defined from a group, called G-graphs. They also have many regular properties but are less restrictive. These graphs are in particular semi-regular k-partite, with a chromatic number k directly given in the group representation and they can be either transitive or not.This thesis proposes a new insight into this class of graphs using an approach based on operational research while most of previous studies have been so far dominated by algebraic approaches. Then, the thesis addresses different kind of questions:— Characterizing G-graphs: we propose improvements of previous results.— Identifying some classes of graphs as G-graphs through isomorphism or using the characterization theorem.— Studying the structure and properties of these graphs, in particular for possible applications to networks: semi-regular coloring, symmetries and robustness.— Algorithmic approach for recognizing this class with a first example of polynomial case when the group is abelian
Scapellato, Raffaele. "Contributions à la théorie des groupes et à la théorie des graphes : groupes finis matroidaux et graphes géodétiques généralisés." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30213.
Full textDe, Loynes Basile. "Graphes et marches aléatoires." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00726483.
Full textVonseel, Audrey. "Hyperbolicité et bouts des graphes de Schreier." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAD025/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of the topology at infinity of spaces generalizing Schreier graphs. More precisely, we consider the quotient X/H of a geodesic proper hyperbolic metric space X by a quasiconvex-cocompact group H of isometries of X. We show that this quotient is a hyperbolic space. The main result of the thesis indicates that the number of ends of the quotient space X/H is determined by equivalence classes on a sphere of computable radius. In the context of group theory, we show that one can construct explicitly groups and subgroups for which there are no algorithm to determine the number of relative ends. If the subgroup is quasiconvex, we give an algorithm to compute the number of relative ends
Beeker, Benjamin. "Problèmes géométriques et algorithmiques dans des graphes de groupes." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN2043.
Full textThis thesis in geometric group theory gives geometric and algorithmic results on the class of generalized Baumslag-Solitar groups of variable rank (vGBS groups). A vGBS group is one that admits a splitting in a graph of groups where all vertex and edge groups are finitely generated free abelian. We first give a description of the abelian JSJ splittings of vGBS groups. We then describe their abelian compatibility JSJ splittings. We show that, in the class of vGBS groups, the “usual” JSJ splitting is algorithmically constructible, while the compatibility JSJ splitting is not. Finaly we study the multiple conjugacy problem. We show that, although the general problem is undecidable, it is solvable under certain restrictions
Gauyacq, Ginette. "Routages uniformes dans les graphes sommet-transitifs." Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR10574.
Full textRenault, David. "Etude des graphes planaires cofinis selon leurs groupes de symétries." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12922.
Full textGuy, Jean-Pierre. "Groupes isomorphes au groupe de multiplication d'un quasigroupe." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30015.
Full textCastel, Fabrice. "Représentations géométriques des groupes de tresses." Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOS020.
Full textLet S be a connected orientable surface of genus g with b boundary components. We aim to describe the set of morphisms from the braid group Bn with n strands, where n is greater or equal to 6, to the mapping class group PMod(S) preserving globally each boundary component, where g is smaller or equal to n/2 and b is any positive integer. With these hypotheses, we prove that the morphisms are either cyclic (that is: their images are cyclic groups) or transvections of monodromy morphisms (that is: up to multiplication by an element lying in the centraliser of the image of the morphism, the image of a standard generator of Bn is a Dehn twist, and the images of two adjacent standard generators are two Dehn twists along two curves intersecting in one point. As a corollary, we describe the set of endomorphisms and the set of injective endomorphisms, the automorphisms group and the outer automorphisms group for each group of the following families : the braid groups Bn with n greater or equal to 6, the mapping class groups PMod(S) (where the boundary is preserved componentwise), the mapping class groups Mod(S,dS) (where the boundary is preserved pointwise), with g is greater or equal to 2 and b is any positive integer. We describe also the set of morphisms between two braid groups Bn and Bm with m smaller or equal to n+1 and the set of morphisms between two mapping class groups of surfaces whose genuses differ from at most one. The involved technics are Nielsen-Thurston classification of surface diffeomorphisms, group actions, and graph theory
Vallino, Daniele. "Algebraic and definable closure in free groups." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10090/document.
Full textIn Chapter 1 we give basics on combinatorial group theory, starting from free groups and proceeding with the fundamental constructions: free products, amalgamated free products and HNN extensions. We outline a synthesis of Bass-Serre theory, preceded by a survey on Cayley graphs and graphs of groups. After proving the main theorem of Bass-Serre theory, we present its application to the proof of Kurosh subgroup theorem. Subsequently we recall main definitions and properties of hyperbolic spaces. In Section 1.4 we define algebraic and definable closures and recall a few other notions of model theory related to saturation and homogeneity. The last section of Chapter 1 is devoted to asymptotic cones. In Chapter 2 we prove a theorem similar to Bestvina-Paulin theorem on the limit of a sequence of actions on hyperbolic graphs. Our setting is more general: we consider Bowditch-acylindrical actions on arbitrary hyperbolic graphs. We prove that edge stabilizers are (finite bounded)-by-abelian, that tripod stabilizers are finite bounded and that unstable edge stabilizers are finite bounded. In Chapter 3 we introduce the essential notions on limit groups, shortening argument and JSJ decompositions. In Chapter 4 we present the results on constructibility of a torsion-free hyperbolic group from the algebraic closure of a subgroup. Also we discuss constructibility of a free group from the existential algebraic closure of a subgroup. We obtain a bound to the rank of the algebraic and definable closures of subgroups in torsion-free hyperbolic groups. In Section 4.2 we prove some results about the position of algebraic closures in JSJ decompositions of torsion-free hyperbolic groups and other results for free groups. Finally, in Chapter 5 we answer the question about equality between algebraic and definable closure in a free group. A positive answer has been given for a free group F of rank smaller than 3. Instead, for free groups of rank strictly greater than 3 we found some counterexample. For the free group of rank 3 we found a necessary condition on the form of a possible counterexample
Chassaniol, Arthur. "Contributions à l'étude des groupes quantiques de permutations." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22709/document.
Full textIn this thesis we study the quantum automorphism group of finite graphs, introduces by Banica and Bichon. First we will prove a theorem about the structure of the quantum automorphism group of the lexicographic product of two finite regular graphs. It is a quantum generalization of a classical result of Sabidussi. This theorem gives a necessary and sufficient condition for this quantum group to be discribe as the free wreath product of the quantum automorphism groups of these two graphs. Then, we will give some improvement of Banica, Bichon and Chenevier results, to obtain a quantum non-symmetry criteria on graphs, using tools developped by the above authors. Finally, to continue this research, we will describe another method using Tannaka-Krein duality and inspired by the study of orthogonal compact groups by Banica and Speicher. This will enable us, with a thorough orbital study of vertex-transitive graphs, to state a sufficient condition for a graph to have quantum symmetries ; condition which is intended to be also necessary but this remains conjecture at this point
Galagain, Didier. "Visualisation d'une famille de graphes." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37597735b.
Full textChappelon, Jonathan. "Graphes de Steinhaus réguliers et triangles de Steinhaus dans les groupes cycliques." Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00371329.
Full textLa seconde partie porte sur les triangles de Steinhaus dans Z/nZ. En 1978 Molluzzo pose le problème de savoir si, pour tout n≥1 et pour toute longueur admissible m, il existe une suite balancée de longueur m dans Z/nZ, c'est-à-dire une suite dont le triangle de Steinhaus associé contienne chaque élément de Z/nZ avec la même multiplicité. On donne ici une réponse complète et positive au Problème de Molluzzo dans tout groupe cyclique d'ordre une puissance de 3. Plus généralement, on construit une infinité de suites balancées dans tout groupe cyclique d'ordre impair. Ces résultats, qui sont les premiers obtenus sur ce problème dans Z/nZ avec n>3, proviennent de l'étude des triangles de Steinhaus des suites arithmétiques dans les groupes cycliques.
Genevois, Anthony. "Cubical-like geometry of quasi-median graphs and applications to geometric group theory." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0569/document.
Full textThe class of quasi-median graphs is a generalisation of median graphs, or equivalently of CAT(0) cube complexes. The purpose of this thesis is to introduce these graphs in geometric group theory. In the first part of our work, we extend the definition of hyperplanes from CAT(0) cube complexes, and we show that the geometry of a quasi-median graph essentially reduces to the combinatorics of its hyperplanes. In the second part, we exploit the specific structure of the hyperplanes to state combination results. The main idea is that if a group acts in a suitable way on a quasi-median graph so that clique-stabilisers satisfy some non-positively curved property P, then the whole group must satisfy P as well. The properties we are interested in are mainly (relative) hyperbolicity, (equivariant) lp-compressions, CAT(0)-ness and cubicality. In the third part, we apply our general criteria to several classes of groups, including graph products, Guba and Sapir's diagram products, some wreath products, and some graphs of groups. Graph products are our most natural examples, where the link between the group and its quasi-median graph is particularly strong and explicit; in particular, we are able to determine precisely when a graph product is relatively hyperbolic
Vialatte, Jean-Charles. "Convolution et apprentissage profond sur graphes." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IMTA0118/document.
Full textConvolutional neural networks have proven to be the deep learning model that performs best on regularly structured datasets like images or sounds. However, they cannot be applied on datasets with an irregular structure (e.g. sensor networks, citation networks, MRIs). In this thesis, we develop an algebraic theory of convolutions on irregular domains. We construct a family of convolutions that are based on group actions (or, more generally, groupoid actions) that acts on the vertex domain and that have properties that depend on the edges. With the help of these convolutions, we propose extensions of convolutional neural netowrks to graph domains. Our researches lead us to propose a generic formulation of the propagation between layers, that we call the neural contraction. From this formulation, we derive many novel neural network models that can be applied on irregular domains. Through benchmarks and experiments, we show that they attain state-of-the-art performances, and beat them in some cases
Zuk, Andrzej. "Sur certaines propriétés spectrales du Laplacien sur les graphes." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30272.
Full textVirotte-Ducharme, Marguerite-Marie. "Couples fischériens presque simples." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA077092.
Full textVergara, Soto Ignacio. "Multipliers and approximation properties of groups." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEN042/document.
Full textThis thesis focusses on some approximation properties which generalise amenability for locally compact groups. These properties are defined by means of multipliers of certain algebras associated to the groups. The first part is devoted to the study of the p-AP, which is an extension of the AP of Haagerup and Kraus to the context of operators on Lp spaces. The main result asserts that simple Lie groups of higher rank and finite centre do not satisfy p-AP for any p between 1 and infinity. The second part concentrates on radial Schur multipliers on graphs. The study of these objects is motivated by some connections with actions of discrete groups and weak amenability. The three main results give necessary and sufficient conditions for a function of the natural numbers to define a radial multiplier on different classes of graphs generalising trees. More precisely, the classes of graphs considered here are products of trees, products hyperbolic graphs and finite dimensional CAT(0) cube complexes
Vallino, Daniele A. G. "Clôture algébrique et définissable dans les groupes libres." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00739255.
Full textGillibert, Luc. "Aspect géométrique des groupes et des images : les G-graphes et la compression par hypergraphe." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2066.
Full textThere are two main subject in this thesis : the G-graphs, or the geometrical aspect of the groups, and HLC, or the geometrical aspect of the images applied to the compression. The G-graphs are introduced by Alain Bretto and Alain Faisant in 2003 for studying the group isomorphism problem. But many others applications are possible. We first study the construction of the G-graphs and how groups informations can be visualised on the graph. We gives an algorithm for constructing G-graphs and some theorems for solving the G-graph recognition problem and for the characterisation of bipartite G-graphs. We presents an automatic tool for the recognition of G-graphs and we construct a list of common graphs being G-graphs (Heawood's, Möbius-Kantor's and Dyck's graphs, etc. ). We also work on the classification of symmetric graphs. With G-graphs it is possible to extend the Foster Census, the current reference for cubic symmetric graphs, from the order 768 to the order 1322. We establish some lists of cubic and guintic, symmetric and semisymmetric graphs. Finally we introduce a geometrical representation of the pictures based on rectangle hypergraph. This representation leads ton a lossless compression scheme very efficient on synthetic pictures and named HLC. We show that HLC can be combined with a generic data compression algorithm : PPMd. The choice of PPMd is motivated by an experimental study. We give some experimental results showing the efficiency of HLC+PPMd and we generalise HLC for near-lossless compression and 3D pictures
Toursi, Laïla. "Optimisation du marquage des graphes d'événements values discrets : application aux systèmes flexibles de production." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT2029.
Full textOne of the important problems in the design of flexible manufacturing systems is the minimization of the work-in-process. The number of work-in-process reflects the productivity of the system since an insufficient number of work-in-processes can not achieve optimal performance. However, too many work-in-process increases production costs because these parts use stocks or transport devices. This issue aims to minimize production costs while keeping the same productivity. The flexible production systems can be modelled by marked graphs. In this work, we address the problem of optimization of the production resources in the repetitive production systems. In terms of weighted marked graphs, this problem is known as marking optimization and consist to minimize a weighted sum of markings of places (i. E. A linear P-invariant criterion) under duress to obtain a given average cycle time. We propose two methods of resolution for this problem and some properties of the optimal solution. The first method is a branch and bound algorithm. In some cases of particular GdEVs structures, this method gives the optimal solution of the problem. The second method is a metaheuristic based on simulated annealing algorithm. This method is effective in cases of large size GdEVs. Both methods are then adapted and applied to flexible manufacturing systems
Jamal, Eddine Alaa. "Equations d'évolution sur certains groupes hyperboliques." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01022926.
Full textBarjon, Matthieu. "Autour des groupes tolérants aux délais dans les flottes mobiles communicantes." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0298/document.
Full textAmong the major developments in computer science, we distinguish the emergence of mobile wireless technologies. The current development of these technologies allows for direct ad-hoc communications between many types of mobile entities, such as vehicles, land robots or drones. In a network of such devices, the set of communication links that exists at a given instant depends upon the distances between the entities. As a result, the topology of the network changes continuously as the entities move. The common assumption on connectivity may not be relevant in this case, but another kind of connectivity called temporal connectivity is often alvailable over time and space. The goal of this thesis has been the development of algorithms for fleets of mobile devices in the case of delay-tolerant networks. In a simpler way, the delay-tolerant networks are networks where some parts can be isolated during a certain time without problems. We are interested, in particular, in the case where the devices are organised as groups, and where the notion of group itself survives to these deconnections. Hence, a big part of this thesis relates to the notion of delay-tolerant groups (DTN groups). In our case, these deconnections are limited in time and we speak of a "bounded temporal diameter" within the group. The fact of limiting the temporal diameter of the group enables it to distinguish between temporary deconnections and final loss (crash or other) of some nodes
Faitg, Matthieu. "Mapping class groups, skein algebras and combinatorial quantization." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS023/document.
Full textThe algebras L(g,n,H) have been introduced by Alekseev-Grosse-Schomerus and Buffenoir-Roche in the middle of the 1990's, in the program of combinatorial quantization of the moduli space of flat G-connections over the surface S(g,n) of genus g with n open disks removed. The Hopf algebra H, called gauge algebra, was originally the quantum group U_q(g), with g = Lie(G). In this thesis we apply these algebras L(g,n,H) to low-dimensional topology (mapping class groups and skein algebras of surfaces), under the assumption that H is a finite dimensional factorizable ribbon Hopf algebra which is not necessarily semisimple, the guiding example of such a Hopf algebra being the restricted quantum group associated to sl(2) (at a 2p-th root of unity).First, we construct from L(g,n,H) a projective representation of the mapping class groups of S(g,0)D and of S(g,0) (D being an open disk). We provide formulas for the representations of Dehn twists generating the mapping class group; in particular these formulas allow us to show that our representation is equivalent to the one constructed by Lyubashenko-Majid and Lyubashenko via categorical methods. For the torus S(1,0) with the restricted quantum group associated to sl(2) for the gauge algebra, we compute explicitly the representation of SL(2,Z) using a suitable basis of the representation space and we determine the structure of this representation.Second, we introduce a diagrammatic description of L(g,n,H) which enables us to define in a very natural way the Wilson loop map W. This maps associates an element of L(g,n,H) to any link in (S(g,n)D) x [0,1] which is framed, oriented and colored by H-modules. When the gauge algebra is the restricted quantum group associated to sl(2), we use W and the representations of L(g,n,H) to construct representations of the skein algebras S_q(S(g,n)). For the torus S(1,0) we explicitly study this representation
Hayat, Olivier. "Contribution à l'évaluation de la prestation agrément de conduite liée au comportement du groupe motopropulseur d'un véhicule automobile." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10168.
Full textPowertrain driveability is considered as one of the most important customer requirement of a vehicle. In fact, in a more and more competitive market, any car manufacturer tries to distinguish himself by improving the driving pleasure felt by its customer. However, the consideration of the powertrain driveability during the vehicle design cycle is not coarse because this customer requirement is a consequence of the optimisation of the global vehicle and not only of each subsystems (motor, gearbox,. . . ). The aim of this research concerns the use of dynamical modelling, analysis and simplification tools in order to herlp vehicle conception engineering departments to optimise the powertrain driveability. This work proposes more complex vehicle models. Based on a bibliographical study concerning representations of the various subsystems influencing the powetrain driveability, a complete vehicle model is built. For every studied sub-performance (tip-in or tip-out, takeoff, and gearshift), various proper models are proposed. The use of modelling and analysis tools like activity index of each energetic elements of the system (inertia, stiffness, dissipation) permits to select the good model complexity level to simulate the studied phenomena. Generated models enable not only to reproduce vehicle behaviours in agreement with our experimental results but also to analyse and to put in focus phenomena like interaction between the driveline dynamic, powertrain movements and wheel horizontal suspension. Moreover, influence of conception parmeters of various sub-systems can be study with the use of those proper models. An analysis of global dynamic behaviours of the vehicle is then performed. Finally, this study improves the comptetitiveness and of engineering departments by bringing better understantig of the global vehicle behaviour in upstream phase of vehicle design cycle
Cuneo, Rémi. "Généralisation d'une méthode de petites simplifications due à Mikhaïl Gromov et Yann Ollivier en géométrie des groupes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10026/document.
Full textIn a paper published in 2003, M.Gromov proposes a rewording of the small cancellation theory in geometric group theory. In this version, a finite graph defines a finitely presented group; generators of the group are the labels of the graph; relators are the words associated with cycles; pieces, "short" words which allow small cancellations in a group, are words which label two distinct paths in the graph.Our thesis relies on a brief description of this theory published in2006 by Y.Ollivier. The concept of finitely presented "small cancellation" group, developed by R.Lyndon, M.Greendlinger and others in the 60's and 70's, is a precursor of Gromovword-hyperbolic groups in the late of the 80's, for which combinatorial properties of the presentation imply algebraic properties of the group. In our work, we build a rigorous small cancellation theory in terms of graphs, and develop the basic concept of "megatiles", implicitly used by Y. Ollivier in his article. We extend his results to non-hyperbolic and non-metric cases (eg. $C(4)-T(4)$). This point of view allows a new proof, more natural, of thesolvability of word and conjugacy problems for presentations of prime alternating link groups. We also extend the results of a M.Greendlinger theorem to thenon-metric case, in response to a question of I. Kapovich
Liousse, Isabelle. "Feuilletages transversalement affines des surfaces et actions affines de groupes sur les arbres réels." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30036.
Full textLe, Boudec Adrien. "Géométrie des groupes localement compacts. Arbres. Action !" Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112036.
Full textIn Chapter 1 we investigate the class of locally compact lacunary hyperbolic groups. We characterize locally compact groups having one asymptotic cone that is a real tree and whose natural isometric action is focal. We also study the structure of lacunary hyperbolic groups, and prove that in the unimodular case subgroups cannot satisfy a law. We apply the previous results in Chapter 2 to solve the problem of the existence of cut-points in asymptotic cones for connected Lie groups. In Chapter 3 we prove that Neretin's group is compactly presented and give an upper bound on its Dehn function. We also study metric properties of Neretin's group, and prove that some remarkable subgroups are quasi-isometrically embedded. In Chapter 4 we study a family of groups acting on a tree, and whose local action is prescribed by some permutation group. We prove among other things that these groups have property (PW), and exhibit some simple groups in this family. In Chapter 5 we introduce the relation range of a finitely generated group, which is the set of lengths of relations that are not generated by relations of smaller length. We establish a link between simple connectedness of asymptotic cones and the relation range of the group, and give a large class of groups having a relation range as large as possible
Souche, Estelle. "Quasi-isométries et quasi-plans dans l'étude des groupes discrets." Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX11048.
Full textMartin, Alexandre. "Topologie et géométrie des complexes de groupes à courbure négative ou nulle." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00821442.
Full textFeneuil, Joseph. "Analyse harmonique sur les graphes et les groupes de Lie : fonctionnelles quadratiques, transformées de Riesz et espaces de Besov." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAM040/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to results in real harmonic analysis in discrete (graphs) or continuous (Lie groups) geometric contexts.Let $\Gamma$ be a graph (a set of vertices and edges) equipped with a discrete laplacian $\Delta=I-P$, where $P$ is a Markov operator.Under suitable geometric assumptions on $\Gamma$, we show the $L^p$ boundedness of fractional Littlewood-Paley functionals. We introduce $H^1$ Hardy spaces of functions and of $1$-differential forms on $\Gamma$, giving several characterizations of these spaces, only assuming the doubling property for the volumes of balls in $\Gamma$. As a consequence, we derive the $H^1$ boundedness of the Riesz transform. Assuming furthermore pointwise upper bounds for the kernel (Gaussian of subgaussian upper bounds) on the iterates of the kernel of $P$, we also establish the $L^p$ boundedness of the Riesz transform for $10$, $1\leq p\leq+\infty$ and $1\leq q\leq +\infty$.These results hold for polynomial as well as for exponential volume growth of balls
Ye, Kaidi. "Automorphismes géométriques des groupes libres : croissance polynomiale et algorithmes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4713/document.
Full textAn automorphism $phi$ of a free group $F_n$ of finite rank $n geq 2$ is said to be geometric it is induced by a homeomorphism on a surface.In this thesis we concern ourselves with answering the question:Which precisely are the outer automorphisms of $F_n$ that are geometric?to which we give an algorithmical decision for the case of polynomially growing outer automorphisms, up to raising to certain positive power.In order to realize this algorithm, we establish the technique of quotient and blow-up automorphisms of graph-of-groups, which when apply for the special case of partial Dehn twist enables us to develop a criterion to decide whether the induced outer automorphism is an actual Dehn twist.Applying the criterion repeatedly on the special topological representative deriving from relative train track map, we are now able to either “unfold” this iterated relative Dehn twist representative level by level until eventually obtain an ordinary Dehn twist representative or show that $hat{phi}$ has at least quadratic growth hence is not geometric.As a side result, we also proved that every linearly growing automorphism of free group has a positive power which is a Dehn twist automorphism. This is a fact that has been taken for granted by many experts, although has no formal proof to be found in the literature.In the case of Dehn twist automorphisms, we then use the known algorithm to make the given Dehn twist representative efficient and apply the Whitehead algorithm as well as the classical theorems by Nielsen, Baers, Zieschangs and others to construct its geometric model or to show that it is not geometric
Sarr, Ndeye Coumba. "Théorie de Bass-Serre profinie." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC216.
Full textBass-Serre theory was initiated in 1970 by Jean-Pierre Serre, in [Ser77]. The theory's main motivation was to study the structure of discrete and torsion-free subgroups of SL2(Qp), more precisely Ihara's theorem stating that all torsion-free subgroups of SL2(Qp) are free. Inspired by covering space theory in algebraic topology, J-P Serre explains that showing the freedom of a group by making it act freely on a tree is more natural. So, he deduces a simple and elegant proof of this theorem and allows to generalize several theorems of combinatorial group theory: Nielsen-Schreier, Kurosh and of Nagao theorems and so on. This theory shows more generally that a group acts on a tree without inversion if and only it is isomorphic to a non-trivial amalgam or to an HNN extension.In 2011 B. Deschamps and I. Suarez introduced in [DSA11] a combinatorial theory for profinite groups. They proved an analogue for profinite groups of Serre's theorem on freedom of a group : a profinite group has a dense free subgroup if and only this group acts profreely on a protree. The notion of profree action can be summarized to making the groups of the inverse system of finite groups associated with a profine group act freely on each floor of an inverse system of graphs with certain arithmetic conditions.The purpose of this thesis is to give a contribution of Deschamps-Suarez theory of prographs. Tools and techniques developed by Deschamps and Suarez, placed in a general context, allow to show an analog of the Deschamps-Suarez theorem for profinite groups with a dense amalgamated subgroup and a generalization of this result. Finally, these results are illustrated on well-known Galois situations
Saisset, Rémi Astier Stéphan Turpin Christophe. "Contribution à l'étude systémique de dispositifs énergétiques à composants électrochimiques formalisme Bond Graph appliqué aux piles à combustible, accumulateurs Lithium-Ion, véhicule solaire /." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2004. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000010.
Full textBadaoui, Mohamad. "G-graphs and Expander graphs." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC207/document.
Full textApplying algebraic and combinatorics techniques to solve graph problems leads to the birthof algebraic and combinatorial graph theory. This thesis deals mainly with a crossroads questbetween the two theories, that is, the problem of constructing infinite families of expandergraphs.From a combinatorial point of view, expander graphs are sparse graphs that have strongconnectivity properties. Expanders constructions have found extensive applications in bothpure and applied mathematics. Although expanders exist in great abundance, yet their explicitconstructions, which are very desirable for applications, are in general a hard task. Mostconstructions use deep algebraic and combinatorial approaches. Following the huge amountof research published in this direction, mainly through Cayley graphs and the Zig-Zagproduct, we choose to investigate this problem from a new perspective; namely by usingG-graphs theory and spectral hypergraph theory as well as some other techniques. G-graphsare like Cayley graphs defined from groups, but they correspond to an alternative construction.The reason that stands behind our choice is first a notable identifiable link between thesetwo classes of graphs that we prove. This relation is employed significantly to get many newresults. Another reason is the general form of G-graphs, that gives us the intuition that theymust have in many cases such as the relatively high connectivity property.The adopted methodology in this thesis leads to the identification of various approaches forconstructing an infinite family of expander graphs. The effectiveness of our techniques isillustrated by presenting new infinite expander families of Cayley and G-graphs on certaingroups. Also, since expanders stand in no single stem of graph theory, this brings us toinvestigate several closely related threads from a new angle. For instance, we obtain newresults concerning the computation of spectra of certain Cayley and G-graphs, and theconstruction of several new infinite classes of integral and Hamiltonian Cayley graphs
Le, coz Corentin. "Separation and Poincaré profiles Separation profiles, isoperimetry, growth and compression Poincaré profiles of lamplighter diagonal products." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASM014.
Full textThe goal of this thesis report is to present my research concerning separation and Poincaré profiles. Separation profile first appeared in 2012 in a seminal article written by Benjamini, Schramm and Timár. This definition was based on preceding research, in the field of computer science, mainly work of Lipton and Trajan concerning planar graphs, and of Miller, Teng, Thurston and Vavasis concerning overlap graphs. The separation profile plays now a role in geometric group theory, where my personal interests lies, because of its property of monotonicity under coarse embeddings. It was generalized by Hume, Mackay and Tessera in 2019 to a spectrum of profiles, called the Poincaré profiles
Gaumont, Noé. "Groupes et Communautés dans les flots de liens : des données aux algorithmes." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066271/document.
Full textInteractions are everywhere: in the contexts of face-to-face contacts, emails, phone calls, IP traffic, etc. In all of them, an interaction is characterized by two entities and a time interval: for instance, two individuals meet from 1pm to 3pm. We model them as link stream which is a set of quadruplets (b,e,u,v) where each quadruplet means that a link exists between u and v from time b to time e. In graphs, a community is a subset which is more densely connected than a reference. Within the link stream formalism, the notion of density and reference have to be redefined. Therefore, we study how to extend the notion of density for link streams. To this end, we use a real data set where a community structure is known. Then, we develop a method that finds automatically substream which are considered relevant. These substream, defined as subsets of links, are discovered by a classical community detection algorithm applied on the link stream the transformed into a static graph. A substream is considered relevant, if it is denser than the substreams which are close temporally and structurally. Thus, we deepen the notion of neighbourhood and reference in link streams. We apply our method on several real world interaction networks and we find relevant substream which would not have been found by existing methods. Finally, we discuss the generation of link streams having a given community structure and also a proper way to evaluate such community structure
Rodriguez, Peralta Laura Margarita. "Service de gestion de session orienté modèle pour des groupes collaboratifs synchrones." Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPT005H.
Full textViard, François. "Des graphes orientés aux treillis complets : une nouvelle approche de l'ordre faible sur les goupes de Coxeter." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10232/document.
Full textWeak order on a Coxeter group W is a partial order on W appearing in many areas of algebraic combinatorics. In this thesis, we propose a new general model for the study of the weak order and other related partially ordered sets (also called “posets”) and we explore various algebraic and combinatorial consequences of this construction. We begin with studying a restricted version of this model in Chapter 3. More precisely, we explain how one can associate a poset to any simple acyclic digraph together with a valuation on its vertices (also called “valued digraph”). We then prove that these posets are complete meet semi-lattices in general, complete lattices when the underlying digraph is finite, and we give an explicit formula to compute the value of their Möbius functions. Then, we show that the weak order on Coxeter groups of type A, B and A, the flag weak order, and the up-set (resp. down-set) lattices of any finite poset can be described within this theory. This description naturally leads to associate a quasi-symmetric function to any element of An And An, and we demonstrate that this function is in fact the corresponding Stanley symmetric function. In Chapter 4 we introduce the main results of this thesis. Indeed, we introduce in this chapter the generalization of the construction made in Chapter 3 to the case of any valued digraph, that is without the simplicity and acyclicity condition. Furthermore, this new definition allows us to get rid of some constraints of the definition of Chapter 3, allowing us to associate a complete lattice to each valued digraph. In particular, the meet semi-lattices of Chapter 3 are naturally extended into complete lattices. This leads us to the study of some conjectures of Dyer about the properties of an extension of the weak order having a lot of the properties conjecturally attached to Dyer’s extensions, and we prove that each one of our extensions contains Dyer’s extension as a sub-poset. We make the conjecture that one of this extension coincide with the one of Dyer, and we provide tools in order to test this conjecture. Finally, we study various consequences of out theory : we provide extensions of Cambrian semi-lattices into complete lattices (end of Chapter 4), we construct a new combinatorial model for Tamari and m-Tamari lattices (Chapter 5), and we finish with an application to tableaux combinatorics (Chapter 6)
Ehounou, Joseph. "Algorithmes de graphes pour la découverte de la topologie d'un réseau énergétique par la connaissance de ses flots." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV056/document.
Full textIn energy network, the knowledge of equipments, their locations and their functions are theimportant information for the distributor service operator. In fact, each operator has a networkplan often named synoptic schema. That schema shows the interconnexion between equipments inthe network. From this schema, some management decisions have taken for ensuring an optimalperformance of a network.Sometimes, a synoptic schema has some mistakes because the maintenance operations, such aschanged the connexion between equipments or replaced equipments, have not been updated orhave been written with errors. And these mistakes increase exploitation cost in the energy network.We consider an electric network of a datacenter. This network consists of physical topologymodelised by a DAG without circuit and measurements are on the edges of a DAG. The mainpoint of the network is that measurements are some mistakes and the topology is unknown i.ewe know edges but the nodes of edges are unknown. When measurements are correct then thecorrelations between pairwise edges provide the adjacency matrix of the linegraph of undirectedgraph of the DAG. A linegraph is a graph in which each node and the neighbor are partitionnedby one or deux cliques. However, with the mistakes in measurements, the obtained graph is nota linegraph because it contains more or less edges. If the obtained graph is a linegraph then it isa linegraph of the other DAG. Our problem is to discovery the topology of the DAG with somemistakes in measurements.We start by the state of art in the measurement correlations in order to choose the good methodfor our problem. Then, we propose two algorithms to resolve our problem. The first algorithmis the cover algorithm and it returns the set of cliques in the graph. The second algorithm is acorrection algorithm which adds or deletes edges in the graph for getting a nearest linegraph ofthe DAG. In the last, we evaluate the performances of the algorithms by checking the number ofedges corrected and the ability to return a nearest linegraph of the DAG
Gautero, François. "CW-complexes dynamiques." Nice, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NICE5137.
Full textPalesi, Frédéric. "Dynamique sur les espaces de représentations de surfaces non-orientables." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00443930.
Full textPerin, Chloé. "Plongements élémentaires dans un groupe hyperbolique sans torsion." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00460330.
Full textVasseur, Yann. "Inférence de réseaux de régulation orientés pour les facteurs de transcription d'Arabidopsis thaliana et création de groupes de co-régulation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS475/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the characterisation of key genes in gene expression regulation, called transcription factors, in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Using expression data, our biological goal is to cluster transcription factors in groups of co-regulator transcription factors, and in groups of co-regulated transcription factors. To do so, we propose a two-step procedure. First, we infer the network of regulation between transcription factors. Second, we cluster transcription factors based on their connexion patterns to other transcriptions factors.From a statistical point of view, the transcription factors are the variables and the samples are the observations. The regulatory network between the transcription factors is modelled using a directed graph, where variables are nodes. The estimation of the nodes can be interpreted as a problem of variables selection. To infer the network, we perform LASSO type penalised linear regression. A preliminary approach selects a set of variable along the regularisation path using penalised likelihood criterion. However, this approach is unstable and leads to select too many variables. To overcome this difficulty, we propose to put in competition two selection procedures, designed to deal with high dimension data and mixing linear penalised regression and subsampling. Parameters estimation of the two procedures are designed to lead to select stable set of variables. Stability of results is evaluated on simulated data under a graphical model. Subsequently, we use an unsupervised clustering method on each inferred oriented graph to detect groups of co-regulators and groups of co-regulated. To evaluate the proximity between the two classifications, we have developed an index of comparaison of pairs of partitions whose relevance is tested and promoted. From a practical point of view, we propose a cascade simulation method required to respect the model complexity and inspired from parametric bootstrap, to simulate data under our model. We have validated our model by inspecting the proximity between the two classifications on simulated and real data
David, Michaël. "Définition d'un cadre pour l'organisation et l'évaluation des activités du travail coopératif." Nancy 1, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2004_0202_DAVID.pdf.
Full textThe object of this study is the definition of a framework which assists cooperative work. The approach is composed by 4 axes which enable to define an adequate organization of the co-operative activities. Axis 1 relates to the structuring of the activities: analysis of dependences, gathering and/or decomposition in tasks, workgroups scheduling. Axis 2 relates to the characterization of the activities: definition of the roles and management of the interfaces. Axis 3 relates to the work organization evaluation: estimate of the lead times, loads and costs. Axis 4 relates to the work organization optimization: implementation of various solutions for activities organization and execution. Methods resulting from the graph theory, partitioning techniques and performance evaluation are proposed to support each axis. A software tool was developed to implement these proposals. It gives a support for the decision-making in management, the dynamic control of the cooperative processes. .
Karam, Steve. "Croissance du volume des boules dans les revêtements universels des graphes et des surfaces." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00914945.
Full textKozhevnikov, Artem. "Propriétés métriques des ensembles de niveau des applications différentiables sur les groupes de Carnot." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112073/document.
Full textMetric properties of level sets of differentiable maps on Carnot groupsAbstract.We investigate the local metric properties of level sets of mappings defined between Carnot groups that are horizontally differentiable, i.e.with respect to the intrinsic sub-Riemannian structure. We focus on level sets of mapping having a surjective differential,thus, our study can be seen as an extension of implicit function theorem for Carnot groups.First, we present two notions of tangency in Carnot groups: one based on Reifenberg's flatness condition and another coming from classical convex analysis.We show that for both notions, the tangents to level sets coincide with the kernels of horizontal differentials.Furthermore, we show that this kind of tangency characterizes the level sets called ``co-abelian'', i.e.for which the target space is abelian andthat such a characterization may fail in general.This tangency result has several remarkable consequences.The most important one is that the Hausdorff dimension of the level sets is the expected one. We also show the local connectivity of level sets and, the fact that level sets of dimension one are topologically simple arcs.Again for dimension one level set, we find an area formula that enables us to compute the Hausdorff measurein terms of generalized Stieltjes integrals.Next, we study deeply a particular case of level sets in Heisenberg groups. We show that the level sets in this case are topologically equivalent to their tangents.It turns out that the Hausdorff measure of high-codimensional level sets behaves wildly, for instance, it may be zero or infinite.We provide a simple sufficient extra regularity condition on mappings that insures Ahlfors regularity of level sets.Among other results, we obtain a new general characterization of Lipschitz graphs associated witha semi-direct splitting of a Carnot group of arbitrary step.We use this characterization to derive a new characterization of co-ablian level sets that can be represented as graphs
Buchwalder, Xavier. "Sur l'algèbre et la combinatoire des sous-graphes d'un graphe." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441324.
Full textSaisset, Rémi. "Contribution à l'étude systémique de dispositifs énergétiques à composants électrochimiques : formalisme Bond Graph appliqué aux piles à combustible, accumulateurs Lithium-Ion, véhicule solaire." Toulouse, INPT, 2004. https://hal.science/tel-04603974.
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