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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Graphical representation'
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Szalapaj, Peter J. "Logical graphics : logical representation of drawings to effect graphical transformation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19334.
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Sadeghi, Kayvan. "Graphical representation of independence structures." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:86ff6155-a6b9-48f9-9dac-1ab791748072.
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In this thesis we describe subclasses of a class of graphs with three types of edges, called loopless mixed graphs (LMGs). The class of LMGs contains almost all known classes of graphs used in the literature of graphical Markov models. We focus in particular on the subclass of ribbonless graphs (RGs), which as special cases include undirected graphs, bidirected graphs, and directed acyclic graphs, as well as ancestral graphs and summary graphs. We define a unifying interpretation of independence structure for LMGs and pairwise and global Markov properties for RGs, discuss their maximality, and, in particular, prove the equivalence of pairwise and global Markov properties for graphoids defined over the nodes of RGs. Three subclasses of LMGs (MC, summary, and ancestral graphs) capture the modified independence model after marginalisation over unobserved variables and conditioning on selection variables of variables satisfying independence restrictions represented by a directed acyclic graph (DAG). We derive algorithms to generate these graphs from a given DAG or from a graph of a specific subclass, and we study the relationships between these classes of graphs. Finally, a manual and codes are provided that explain methods and functions in R for implementing and generating various graphs studied in this thesis.
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Rodriguez, Villamizar Gustavo Enrique. "A Graphical Representation of Exposed Parallelism." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6467.
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Modern-day microprocessors are measured in part by their parallel performance. Parallelizing sequential programs is a complex task, requiring data dependence analysis of the program constructs. Researchers in the field of parallel optimization are working on shifting the optimization effort from the programmer to the compiler. The goal of this work is for the compiler to visually expose the parallel characteristics of the program to researchers as well as programmers for a better understanding of the parallel properties of their programs. In order to do that we developed Exposed Parallelism Visualization (EPV), a statically-generated graphical tool that builds a parallel task graph of source code after it has been converted to the LLVM compiler frameworkq s Intermediate Representation (IR). The goal is for this visual representation of IR to provide new insights about the parallel properties of the program without having to execute the program. This will help researchers and programmers to understand if and where parallelism exists in the program at compile time. With this understanding, researchers will be able to more easily develop compiler algorithms that identify parallelism and improve program performance, and programmers will easily identify parallelizable sections of code that can be executed in multiple cores or accelerators such as GPUs or FPGAs. To the best of our knowledge, EPV is the first static visualization tool made for the identification of parallelism.
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Burnette, David G. "A graphical representation for VHDL models." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43381.
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This paper describes a graphical representation technique for models in VHDL. The graphical representation is an extension of the Process Model Graph described in [1]. The Process Model Graph has representations for concurrent processes and signals. The representation described here, referred to as the Modified Process Model Graph, adds several new constructs to handle more features of VHDL. These new constructs include: variables inside process blocks, a visual notation for sensitivity lists, and a clear visual indication of the interface to an object. A software tool, called VHDLCad* (c)* * , has been developed that uses produces VHDL source code interactively from the graphical representation. The tool allows the user to use pre-defined modules, or create new modules and place them in the library. With the benefit of a graphical representation, a menu-driven system and re-usable code, VHDLCad can improve the productivity of VHDL modelers.
*VHDLCad is a trademark of David G. Burnette.
**Copyright 1988 by David G. Burnette. All rights reserved<br>Master of Science
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Cottee, Michaela J. "The graphical representation of structured multivariate data." Thesis, Open University, 1996. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57616/.
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During the past two decades or so, graphical representations have been used increasingly for the examination, summarisation and communication of statistical data. Many graphical techniques exist for exploratory data analysis (ie. for deciding which model it is appropriate to fit to the data) and a number of graphical diagnostic techniques exist for checking the appropriateness of a fitted model. However, very few techniques exist for the representation of the fitted model itself. This thesis is concerned with the development of some new and existing graphical representation techniques for the communication and interpretation of fitted statistical models. The first part of this thesis takes the form of a general overview of the use in statistics of graphical representations for exploratory data analysis and diagnostic model checking. In relation to the concern of this thesis, particular consideration is given to the few graphical techniques which already exist for the representation of fitted models. A number of novel two-dimensional approaches are then proposed which go partway towards providing a graphical representation of the main effects and interaction terms for fitted models. This leads on to a description of conditional independence graphs, and consideration of the suitability of conditional independence graphs as a technique for the representation of fitted models. Conditional independence graphs are then developed further in accordance with the research aims. Since it becomes apparent that it is not possible to use any of the approaches taken m order to develop a simple two-dimensional pen-and-paper technique for the unambiguous graphical representation of all fitted statistical models, an interactive computer package based on the conditional independence graph approach is developed for the construction, communication and interpretation of graphical representations for fitted statistical models. This package, called the "Conditional Independence Graph Enhancer" (CIGE), does provide unambiguous graphical representations for all fitted statistical models considered.
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Flanagin, Maik (Maik Carsten) 1977. "Visualization of Usenet newsgroups throught graphical representation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/86609.
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Thesis (M.Eng. and S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2000.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaf 43).<br>by Maik Flanagin.<br>M.Eng.and S.B.
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Gouider, Héla. "Graphical preference representation under a possibilistic framework." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30243/document.
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La modélisation structurée de préférences, fondée sur les notions d'indépendance préférentielle, a un potentiel énorme pour fournir des approches efficaces pour la représentation et le raisonnement sur les préférences des décideurs dans les applications de la vie réelle. Cette thèse soulève la question de la représentation des préférences par une structure graphique. Nous proposons une nouvelle lecture de réseaux possibilistes, que nous appelons p-pref nets, où les degrés de possibilité représentent des degrés de satisfaction. L'approche utilise des poids de possibilité non instanciés (appelés poids symboliques), pour définir les tables de préférences conditionnelles. Ces tables donnent naissance à des vecteurs de poids symboliques qui codent les préférences qui sont satisfaites et celles qui sont violées dans un contexte donné. Nous nous concentrons ensuite sur les aspects théoriques de la manipulation de ces vecteurs. En effet, la comparaison de ces vecteurs peut s'appuyer sur différentes méthodes: celles induites par la règle de chaînage basée sur le produit ou celle basée sur le minimum que sous-tend le réseau possibiliste, les raffinements du minimum le discrimin, ou leximin, ainsi que l'ordre Pareto, et le Pareto symétrique qui le raffine. Nous prouvons que la comparaison par produit correspond exactement au celle du Pareto symétrique et nous nous concentrons sur les avantages de ce dernier par rapport aux autres méthodes. En outre, nous montrons que l'ordre du produit est consistant avec celui obtenu en comparant des ensembles de préférences satisfaites des tables. L'image est complétée par la proposition des algorithmes d'optimisation et de dominance pour les p-pref nets. Dans ce travail, nous discutons divers outils graphiques pour la représentation des préférences. Nous nous focalisons en particulier sur les CP-nets car ils partagent la même structure graphique que les p-pref nets et sont basés sur la même nature de préférences. Nous prouvons que les ordres induits par les CP-nets ne peuvent pas contredire ceux des p-pref nets et nous avons fixé les contraintes nécessaires pour raffiner les ordres des p-pref nets afin de capturer les contraintes Ceteris Paribus des CP-nets. Cela indique que les CP-nets représentent potentiellement une sous-classe des p-pref nets avec des contraintes. Ensuite, nous fournissons une comparaison approfondie entre les différents modèles graphiques qualitatifs et quantitatifs, et les p-pref nets. Nous en déduisons que ces derniers peuvent être placés à mi- chemin entre les modèles qualitatifs et les modèles quantitatifs puisqu'ils ne nécessitent pas une instanciation complète des poids symboliques alors que des informations supplémentaires sur l'importance des poids peuvent être prises en compte. La dernière partie de ce travail est consacrée à l'extension du modèle proposé pour représenter les préférences de plusieurs agents. Dans un premier temps, nous proposons l'utilisation de réseaux possibilistes où les préférences sont de type tout ou rien et nous définissons le conditionnement dans le cas de distributions booléennes. Nous montrons par ailleurs que ces réseaux multi-agents ont une contrepartie logique utile pour vérifier la cohérence des agents. Nous expliquons les étapes principales pour transformer ces réseaux en format logique. Enfin, nous décrivons une extension pour représenter des préférences nuancées et fournissons des algorithmes pour les requêtes d'optimisation et de dominance<br>Structured modeling of preference statements, grounded in the notions of preferential independence, has tremendous potential to provide efficient approaches for modeling and reasoning about decision maker preferences in real-life applications. This thesis raises the question of representing preferences through a graphical structure. We propose a new reading of possibilistic networks, that we call p-pref nets, where possibility weights represent satisfaction degrees. The approach uses non-instantiated possibility weights, which we call symbolic weights, to define conditional preference tables. These conditional preference tables give birth to vectors of symbolic weights that reflect the preferences that are satisfied and those that are violated in a considered situation. We then focus on the theoretical aspects of handling of these vectors. Indeed, the comparison of such vectors may rely on different orderings: the ones induced by the product-based, or the minimum based chain rule underlying the possibilistic network, the discrimin, or leximin refinements of the minimum- based ordering, as well as Pareto ordering, and the symmetric Pareto ordering that refines it. We prove that the product-based comparison corresponds exactly to symmetric Pareto and we focus on its assets compared to the other ordering methods. Besides, we show that productbased ordering is consistent with the ordering obtained by comparing sets of satisfied preference tables. The picture is then completed by the proposition of algorithms for handling optimization and dominance queries. In this work we discuss various graphical tools for preference representation. We shed light particularly on CP-nets since they share the same graphical structure as p-pref nets and are based on the same preference statements. We prove that the CP-net orderings cannot contradict those of the p-pref nets and we found suitable additional constraints to refine p-pref net orderings in order to capture Ceteris Paribus constraints of CP-nets. This indicates that CP-nets potentially represent a subclass of p-pref nets with constraints. Finally, we provide an thorough comparison between the different qualitative and quantitative graphical models and p-pref nets. We deduce that the latter can be positioned halfway between qualitative and quantitative models since they do not need a full instantiation of the symbolic weights while additional information about the relative strengths of these weights can be taken into account. The last part of this work is dedicated to extent the proposed model to represent multiple agents preferences. As a first step, we propose the use of possibilistic networks for representing all or nothing multiple agents preferences and define conditioning in the case of Boolean possibilities. These multiple agents networks have a logical counterpart helpful for checking agents consistency. We explain the main steps for transforming multiple agents networks into logical format. Finally, we outline an extension with priority levels of these networks and provide algorithms for handling optimization and dominance queries
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Heijltjes, Willem Bernard. "Graphical representation of canonical proof : two case studies." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5838.
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An interesting problem in proof theory is to find representations of proof that do not distinguish between proofs that are ‘morally’ the same. For many logics, the presentation of proofs in a traditional formalism, such as Gentzen’s sequent calculus, introduces artificial syntactic structure called ‘bureaucracy’; e.g., an arbitrary ordering of freely permutable inferences. A proof system that is free of bureaucracy is called canonical for a logic. In this dissertation two canonical proof systems are presented, for two logics: a notion of proof nets for additive linear logic with units, and ‘classical proof forests’, a graphical formalism for first-order classical logic. Additive linear logic (or sum–product logic) is the fragment of linear logic consisting of linear implication between formulae constructed only from atomic formulae and the additive connectives and units. Up to an equational theory over proofs, the logic describes categories in which finite products and coproducts occur freely. A notion of proof nets for additive linear logic is presented, providing canonical graphical representations of the categorical morphisms and constituting a tractable decision procedure for this equational theory. From existing proof nets for additive linear logic without units by Hughes and Van Glabbeek (modified to include the units naively), canonical proof nets are obtained by a simple graph rewriting algorithm called saturation. Main technical contributions are the substantial correctness proof of the saturation algorithm, and a correctness criterion for saturated nets. Classical proof forests are a canonical, graphical proof formalism for first-order classical logic. Related to Herbrand’s Theorem and backtracking games in the style of Coquand, the forests assign witnessing information to quantifiers in a structurally minimal way, reducing a first-order sentence to a decidable propositional one. A similar formalism ‘expansion tree proofs’ was presented by Miller, but not given a method of composition. The present treatment adds a notion of cut, and investigates the possibility of composing forests via cut-elimination. Cut-reduction steps take the form of a rewrite relation that arises from the structure of the forests in a natural way. Yet reductions are intricate, and initially not well-behaved: from perfectly ordinary cuts, reduction may reach unnaturally configured cuts that may not be reduced. Cutelimination is shown using a modified version of the rewrite relation, inspired by the game-theoretic interpretation of the forests, for which weak normalisation is shown, and strong normalisation is conjectured. In addition, by a more intricate argument, weak normalisation is also shown for the original reduction relation.
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Hays, Benjamin James. "A Graphical Representation Framework for Enhanced Visualization of Construction Control Processes." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35298.
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Graphical representation for construction control information--processes such as scheduling, budgeting and RFIs--follows no formalized method. Many graphics neglect relevant information necessary to highlight trends in or relationships between processes. The principles of data graphics offer visual capabilities beyond those currently employed by the construction industry to display appropriate information in a manner that enhances comprehension of control processes. This paper describes a method that incorporates four tasks; those of structuring and filtering data, editing for density and communicating efficiently; as necessary to creating effective data graphics. In addition to an evaluation technique, these tasks are outlined in a coherent framework. Several construction control processes are then described with respect to these four tasks. Focused application of the framework to the budgeting process produces four graphics that are subsequently evaluated by industry professionals. Conclusions detailed at the end of this document draw together lessons learned from the process of creating data graphics as well as from quantitative and qualitative evaluations of the visual cost report.<br>Master of Science
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Zhang, Zongxiang. "Using graphical representation of user interfaces as visual references." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/75630.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2012.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 129-133).<br>My thesis investigates using a graphical representation of user interfaces - screenshots - as a direct visual reference to support various kinds of applications. We have built several systems to demonstrate and validate this idea in domains like searching documentation, GUI automation and testing, and cross-device information migration. In particular, Sikuli Search enables users to search documentation using screenshots of GUI elements instead of keywords. Sikuli Script enables users to programmatically control GUIs without support from the underlying applications. Sikuli Test lets GUI developers and testers create test scripts without coding. Deep Shot introduces a framework and interaction techniques to migrate work states across heterogeneous devices in one action, taking a picture. We also discuss challenges inherent in screenshot-based interactions and propose potential solutions and directions of future research.<br>by Tsung-Hsiang Chang.<br>Ph.D.
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Templemore-Finlayson, Justin George. "A graphical representation for the formal description technique Estelle." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16139.
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Includes bibliographical references.<br>This dissertation concerns the specification and description of complex communicating systems using Formal Description Techniques. Specifically, we propose a standard graphical representation for the Formal Description Technique Estelle and present a prototype editor based on this representation. Together they integrate the new graphical representation with existing Estelle textual tools to create a powerful graphical design technique for Estelle. The perennial popularity of graphical techniques, combined with recent advances in computer graphics hardware and software which enable their effective application in a computing environment, provide a double impetus for the development of a graphical representation for Estelle. Most importantly, a graphical technique is more easily read and understood by humans, and can better describe the complex structure and inter-relationships of components of concurrent communicating systems. Modern graphical technology also presents a number of opportunities, separate from the specification method, such as hyperlinking, multiple windows and hiding of detail, which enrich the graphical technique. The prototype editor makes use of these opportunities to provide the protocol engineer with an advanced interface which actively supports the protocol design process to improve the quality of design. The editor also implements translations between the graphical representation and the standard Estelle textual representation, on the one hand allowing the graphical interpretation to be applied to existing textual specifications, and on the other, the application of existing text-based processing tools to a graphical specification description.
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Mazein, Alexander. "Visual representation of cellular networks." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5295.
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Development of advanced techniques for biological network visualisation is crucial for successful progress in the areas of systems-level biology and data-intensive bioinformatics. However, current techniques for biological network visualisation fall short of expectations for representing extensive biological networks. In order to provide really useful network visualisation tools, new approaches have to be proposed and applied alongside with those most powerful features of current visualisation systems. The resulting representation techniques have to be tested by applying to large-scale examples that would include metabolic, signaling and gene expression events. User survey should also be carried out to further prove the advantages of the new techniques. The present thesis describes an attempt to achieve the above objectives, by performing the following steps: 1) existing approaches in the area of network representation were analyzed and their shortcomings and advantages were defined; 2) new notation has been developed, in which, the defined best features of the existing systems were integrated with newly introduced potent features such as compact visualization, ‘functional gate’ and ‘identity gate’, 4) new framework was developed that allows managing large-scale networks that are represented on different levels of details and different levels of constrains, while keeping each diagram semantically unambiguous, 5) extensive examples, including genome-scaled human metabolic network and TNF-alpha receptor signalling network, were used to prove that the designed notation and the framework can be applied efficiently, and, finally, 6) a notation survey has been carried out to validate the advantages of the newly developed notation over the existing ones.
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Wong, Timothy. "System Design and Analysis for Creating a 3D Virtual Street Scene for Autonomous Vehicles using Geometric Proxies from a Single Video Camera." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2019. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2041.
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Self-driving vehicles use a variety of sensors to understand the environment they are in. In order to do so, they must accurately measure the distances and positions of the objects around them. A common representation of the environment around the vehicle is a 3D point cloud, or a set of 3D data points which represent the positions of objects in the real world relative to the car. However, while accurate and useful, these point clouds require large amounts of memory compared to other representations such as lightweight polygonal meshes. In addition, 3D point clouds can be difficult for a human to visually understand as the data points do not always form a naturally coherent object.
This paper introduces a system to lower the memory consumption needed for the graphical representation of a virtual street environment. At this time, the proposed system takes in as input a single front-facing video. The system uses the video to retrieve still images of a scene which are then segmented to distinguish the different relevant objects, such as cars and stop signs. The system generates a corresponding virtual street scene and these key objects are visualized in the virtual world as low poly, or low resolution, models of the respective objects. This virtual 3D street environment is created to allow a remote operator to visualize the world that the car is traveling through. At this time, the virtual street includes geometric proxies for parallel parked cars in the form of lightweight polygonal meshes. These meshes are predefined, taking up less memory than a point cloud, which can be costly to transmit from the remote vehicle and potentially difficult for a remote human operator to understand. This paper contributes a design and analysis of an initial system for generating and placing these geometric proxies of parked cars in a virtual street environment from one input video. We discuss the limitations and measure the error for this system as well as reflect on future improvements.
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Jenkins, Robert David. "Higher order energy transfer : quantum electrodynamical calculations and graphical representation." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327601.
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Larsen, Hilde Anita. "TVIEW - a graphical representation of programs running on the transputer." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30013.
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The primary motivation behind building multiprocessors is to cost-effectively improve system performance. Debugging and performance analysis of parallel programs, however, are complex tasks and the lack of tools to observe the behaviour of a program running on a multicomputer network, limits the programmers ability to efficiently debug and optimize parallel programs.
In this thesis we investigate the use of different graphical representations of parallel programs running on a network of transputers as a tool for performance analysis. Postmortem
traces collected from the program execution by the underlying monitor enables us to graphically reconstruct the states of the system that were true at run time. We show how the performance analyst can get an accurate view of the behaviour of the parallel program during execution by using a basic set of visualization tools.
The challenge is to determine the types of graphical displays that are most useful for presenting the behaviour and performance of a parallel program.
Problems in graphically visualization of parallel program executions are: efficiently managing of potentially large volumes of performance data, ensuring consistency among the tool-components, correctly responding to any combinations of user events, meeting the desirable system requirements of extensibility and maintainability.<br>Science, Faculty of<br>Computer Science, Department of<br>Graduate
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Hsu, Y. H. (Yuen Hung). "Graphical transitive representation of groups and computer algorithms for testing representability." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63801.
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OYOLA, ANDRES M. VILLAFUERTE. "MODELING AND GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL FIELD OF TISSUE DISPLACEMENTS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1991. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=25610@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO<br>A modelagem dos tecidos, assim como sua representação visual, tem sido objeto de estudos diversos ao longo dos últimos anos. Uma importante abordagem que serve como ponto de partida é efetuada por Mansfield (10-12), que utiliza a teoria dos campos de tensão aplicando-a ao estudo de membranas perfeitamente flexíveis.
O trabalho aqui apresentado, considera os tecidos como membranas inextensíveis com rigidez à flexão muito baixa. Com alguma restrições, a teoria dos campos de tensão é usada para modelas o comportamento de tecidos retangulares suspensos verticalmente. A equação diferencial das linhas de tensão fornece os deslocamentos e o perfil das dobras que ocorrem no tecido no estado pré-flambado. Posteriormente é feita a análise tridimensional dos deslocamentos, com o qual se consegue incluir o estado pós-flambado dos tecidos. É apresentado um sistema de equações que, resolvido iterativamente através de métodos numéricos simples, fornece as variáveis básicas do tecido: número de dobras (n), relação entre a amplitude das dobras do tecido (Q), e o deslocamento máximo na direção z (zmax).
Com a implementação e teste desta metodologia completa-se o ciclo de pesquisas. É conseguida uma representação onde as características de maleabilidade, caimento e número de dobras do tecido são modeladas, levando-se em consideração as suas características físicas (peso, elasticidade, etc.).<br>The modelling of clothes and its visual representation have been the subject of much research in the last years. An important approach that represents a first step for reaching this purpose was given by Mansfield (10-12), who uses the tension field theory applied to perfectly flexible membranes.
The present works regards clothes as inextensible membranes with extremely low stiffness flexure. After establishing some restrictions, the tension field theory is used for modelling the behaviour of vertically suspended rectangular fabrics. The differential equations of tension lines gives the displacement and the outline of the wrinkles occuring in the pre-wrinkling state. Later, a tridimensional analysis of displacements is made, which allows the representation of the post-wrinkling state of clothes. It is presented a system of equations which is iteratively solved by means of simple numerical methods and supplies the basic variables of clothes: number of wrinkles (n), ratio between amplitudes of wrinkles (Q), and the maximum displacement in z direction (zmax).
The implementation and test of this methodology complete the research cycle. Thus, it is possible to obtain cloth characteristics such as malleability, draping and number of wrinkles, based upon its physical characteristics (elasticity, weight, etc.).
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Halewood, Keith. "Towards a uniform graphical representation of program construction, debugging and testing process." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316544.
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Aloraini, Adel Abdullah M. "Extending the graphical representation of four KEGG pathways for a better understanding of prostate cancer using machine learning of graphical models." Thesis, University of York, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1711/.
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This thesis shows a novel contribution to computational biology alongside with developed machine learning methods. It shows how the graphical representation of KEGG pathways can be refined using machine learning of graphical models. The focus mainly is on a set of graphical models called Bayesian networks. Throughout this thesis , different ways of learning Bayesian networks are discussed. The work is based on Affymetrix gene expression microarray profiles and penalised Gaussian linear models. Penalisation in linear models includes choosing the most important parents and estimating the associated coefficients simultaneously using L1-regression. The sparse dataset that is generated from Affymetrix microarray technology is the key point in this thesis when learning Bayesian networks. Thus, the work in this thesis can be viewed as developing robust methods to avoid overfitting that usually associated with gene expression datasets and contributing to invoke more details about a well known discrepancy in KEGG pathways. So,the problem we have is to learn from a large number of candidates, small samples,(p>>n), and for such problem the goal is to apply model selection methods that hopefully achieve an accurate prediction , interpretable models, and stable models. The prediction and the most powerful predictors can be improved by using methods that trade-off between bias and variance. Also, providing which predictors are meaningful rather than using all predictors will provide interpretable models, and finally by choosing the most important predictors, a small change in the data will not result in large changes in the subset of predictors which consequently gives the stability to the models that are learnt.
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Martinelli, Joseph A. "An X11 graphical interface for the REpresentation and MAintenance of Process Knowledge (REMAP) model /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from the National Technical Information Service, 1993. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA273169.
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Martinelli, Joseph Anthony. "An X11 graphical interface for the REpresentation and MAintenance of Process Knowledge (REMAP) model." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/39975.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.<br>The REpresentation and MAintenance of Process knowledge (REMAP) model provides support to various stakeholders involved in software projects by capturing the history of design decisions. This knowledge can assist the Department of Defense (DoD) in driving down the development and maintenance costs of large scale software systems. It is extremely important to have user friendly mechanisms to aid in the use of the REMAP model. This thesis implements a graphical user interface (GUI) under X11 Windows using the Andrew Toolkit. This implementation facilitates the instantiation, incremental modification, and ad-hoc querying of REMAP model primitives.
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Good, Judith. "Programming paradigms, information types and graphical representations : empirical investigations of novice program comprehension." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/597.
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This thesis describes research into the role of various factors in novice program comprehension, including the underlying programming paradigm, the representational features of the programming language, and the various types of information which can be derived from the program. The main postulate of the thesis is that there is no unique method for understanding programs, and that program comprehension will be influenced by, among other things, the way in which programs are represented, both semantically and syntactically. This idea has implications for the learning of programming, particularly in terms of how theses concepts should be embodied. The thesis is focused around three empirical studies. The first study, based on th so-called "information types" studies, challenged the idea that program comprehension is an invariant process over languages, and suggested that programming language will have a differential effect on comprehension, as evidenced by the types of information which novices are able to extract from a program. Despite the use of a markedly different language from earliier studies, the results were broadly similar. However, it was suggested that there are other factors additional to programming notation which intervene in the comprehension process, and which cannot be discounted. Furthermore, the study highlighted the need to tie the hypotheses about information extraction more closely to the programming paradigm. The second study introduced a graphical component into the investigation, and looked at the way in which visual representations of programs combine with programming paradigm to influence comprehension. The mis-match conjecture, which suggests that tasks requiring information which is highlighted by a notation will be facilitated relative to tasks where the information must be inferred, was applied to programming paradigm. The study showed that the mis-match effect can be overridden by other factors, most notably subjects' prior experience and the programming culture in which they are taught. The third study combined the methodologies of the first two studies to look at the mis-match conjecture within the wider context of information types. Using graphical representations of the control flow and data flow paradigms, it showed that, despite a bias toward one paradigm based on prior experience and culture, programming paradigm does influence the way in which the program is understood, resulting in improved performance on tasks requiring information which the paradigm is hypothesised to highlight. Furthermore, this effect extends to groups of information which could be said to be theoretically related to the information being highlighted. The thesis also proposes a new and more precise methodology for the analysis of students' accounts of their comprehension of a program, a form a data which is typically derived from the information types studies. It then shows how an analysis of this qualitative data can be used to provide further support for the quantitative results. Finally, the thesis suggests how the core results could be used to develop computer based support environments for novice visual programming, and provides other suggestions for further work.
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Derwas, Philip. "Multi-dimensional information representation - enabling the visually impaired to access graphical user interfaces and documents." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341264.
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Myatt, Anna C. "The challenge of the image : readings in the crisis of auto(bio)graphical self-representation." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13409.
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This thesis focuses on the 'challenge of the image' to self-perception and a central sense of selfhood. It suggests that, as a result of the trigger provided by this challenge, new intuitions of selfhood and new forms of representation have been developed in auto(bio)graphical writing. The dynamic reciprocity of challenge and response is studied in three strategically chosen authors, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Paul Valéry and Roland Barthes, whose works span over more than three centuries and who allow a complete cycle of ideas on the self and the possibilities of self-representation to be explored in the perspective of the generating mechanism identified. The increasing reflexivity of Western consciousness as exemplified by each of these authors, is seen to engender by this means new and increasingly subtle forms of self-representation in order to convey adequately a progressively complexified view of the subject or self. In following the emergence and development of auto(bio)graphy in this way, the thesis contributes to an ongoing diagnosis of the nature and origin of a contemporary crisis in auto(bio)graphy, a crisis in which the relation between selfhood and its representational forms and language has been placed under increasing scrutiny or suspicion. It is argued here that there can be no simple expulsion of the subject from the domain of auto(bio)graphy. The challenge of the image suggests, on the contrary, that it is precisely the sense of a central 'I', however elusive and irreducible to theory this may be, which ultimately still provides the impetus for new and innovative auto(bio)graphical production.
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Ferm, Linus. "How the Graphical Representation of the HUD Affects the Usability of a Third Person Game." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-15421.
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The HUD is what allows players to interact with the game world and therefore thevisual representation of it is of importance to usability. Usability being broken down intothree components: effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction. To study the subject athird person action game was made for the purpose. The game contained two differentHUD versions to test different approaches to UI design. Results for the study were, inrelation to usability, inconclusive due to a lack of participants and varying degrees ofexperience within the pool of participants. Preferences were gathered however, andpreferences towards the stylized HUD were shown. Further study is promising as othergenres could more easily adapt theories from other software fields.
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Turley, G. A. "Graphical representation of range of motion in the assessment of total hip arthroplasty : innovation report." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/60376/.
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Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) is a successful technique restoring lost mobility to patients suffering from osteoarthritis. A successful THA normalises the biomechanics of the hip joint so that a patient can achieve the required range of motion to fulfil their daily activities. A recent development in THA implant technologies has been the introduction of femoral neck modularity. Assessment of femoral neck modularity has been limited by two factors. Firstly, range of motion requirement is not well understood and secondly previous clinical reports have lacked a comparison against an established successful THA implant. This study has successfully addressed these limiting factors by developing an innovative range of motion benchmark which considers the activities a person is required to undertake during their daily routine. The benchmark was developed using a systematic review of the literature focussing on hip joint biomechanics. This has been the first study to provide a clinically meaningful representation of hip joint range of motion which permits operative outcome to be directly compared against an established benchmark. Integration of the range of motion benchmark within the surgical environment was achieved by using a surgical navigation measurement device. Intra-operative measurement meant that post-operative range of motion could be simulated and compared against the requirement set by the range of motion benchmark. Distinct outcome measures have been able to be developed using this comparison which has allowed the surgical process to be assessed like a manufacturing system. Using these outcome measures, it was found that femoral neck modularity has greater potential to adjust implant orientation in comparison to non-modular femoral neck implants to achieve the ideal range of motion. However, this potential is being limited due to the current modular neck options available and because of difficulty experienced by the surgeon in assessing implant orientation. These findings have been used to develop a medical device which provides guidance to the surgeon about the THA implant orientation and thus allow them to able to make the correct modular neck choice to maximise range of motion and improve the operative outcome for the patient.
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af, Sandeberg Joakim. "Graphical system visualization and flow display : A visual representation of an authentication, authorization, and accounting backend." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-190007.
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Displaying the architecture of a software system is not a simple task. Showing all of the available information will unnecessarily complicate the view, while showing too little might render the view unhelpful. Furthermore, showing the dynamics of the operation of such a system is even more challenging. This thesis project describes the development of a graphical tool that can both display the configuration of an advanced authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) system and the messages passed between nodes in the system. The solution described uses force-based graph layouts coupled with adaptive filters as well as vector-based rendering to deliver a view of the status of the system. Force-based layout spreads out the nodes in an adaptive fashion. The adaptive filters starts by showing what is most often the most relevant information, but can be configured by the user. Finally, the vector based rendering offers unlimited zoom into the individual nodes in the graph in order to display additional detailed information. Unified Modeling Language (UML) sequence charts are used to display the message flow inside the system (both between nodes and inside individual nodes). To validate the results of this thesis project each iteration of the design was evaluated through meetings with the staff at Aptilo Networks. These meetings provided feedback on the direction the project was taking as well as provided input (such as ideas for features to implement). The result of this thesis project shows a way to display the status of an AAA system with multiple properties displayed at the same time. It combines this with a view of the flow of messages and application of policies in the network via a dynamically generated UML sequence diagram. As a result human operators are able to see both the system’s architecture and the dynamics of its operation using the same user interface. This integrated view should enable more effective management of the AAA system and facilitate responding to problems and attacks.<br>Att visualisera arkitekturen av ett mjukvarusystem är inte lätt. Visas all tillgänglig information så blir vyn för komplicerad medan ifall för lite visas så blir vyn onödig. Att samtidigt visa dynamiken som uppstår när systemet arbetar är ytterligare en utmaning. Detta examensprojektet beskriver hur utvecklingen av ett grafiskt verktyg, som både kan visa konfigurationen av ett avancerat autentisering-, tillåtelse- och bokförings-system (AAA) och meddelanden som skickas mellan noder i systemet.<p> Lösningen använder en kraftriktad graflayout tillsammans med adaptiva filter och vektorbaserad rendering för att visa en vy av systemets status. De adaptiva filtren börjar med att visa den information som oftast är mest relevant men kan ställas in av användaren. Nyttjandet av vektorbaserad grafik tillhandahåller obegränsade möjligheter för användaren att zooma in på delar av grafen för att visa mer detaljerad information. UML sekvensdiagram används för att visa medelandeflödet inuti systemet (både mellan noder och inuti noder). För att utvärdera resultatet av examensprojektet blev varje iteration av designen utvärderad vid möten med personalen på Aptilo Networks. Dessa möten gav återkoppling på vilken rikting projektet tog samt input med t. ex. id´eer på nya egenskaper att lägga till. Resultatet av detta examensarbete visar ett sätt att visa statusen för ett AAA system med många av systemets egenskaper visade samtidigt. Det kombinerar detta med en vy av flödet av meddelanden och applikationpolicies i nätverket via ett dynamiskt genererat UML sekvensdiagram. Resultatet av detta är att mänskliga operatörer kan se både systemets arkitektur och dynamiken i hur det fungerar i samma gränssnitt. Detta gränssnitt bör möjliggöra mer effektiv hantering av AAA systemet och underlätta lösningar på både problem i systemet och attacker mot systemet.
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El-Shaer, Mennat Allah. "An Experimental Evaluation of Probabilistic Deep Networks for Real-time Traffic Scene Representation using Graphical Processing Units." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1546539166677894.
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Andersson, Jessica. "Where does this fit? : A Comparative Study of the Graphical Portrayal of Keys as a system in Survival-horror Games." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för speldesign, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-262489.
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Puzzles have always been a central part of games. One of the simplest manifestations of a puzzle in games is an obstruction that prevents the player from progressing and an object that removes the obstruction. The system of unlocking new areas with keys is used in order to provide interesting level design and help build narrative in games. This examination intends to provide knowledge and insight into how this type of system is commonly portrayed visually and thus provide a basis for designers to build upon when creating similar challenges, providing a greater awareness of the design norms that are commonly applied. In the majority of the cases that have been examined during this study, text-based information is used to convey the majority of the essential information given to the players regarding the relationship of the key and the lock. In many cases the graphics serve only to highlight important features of the objects and help the player to quickly tell the different items apart in the inventory.
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Kudrina, Yaroslava. "NON-TRADITIONAL TRADE MARKS AND THE ABOLITION OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION : EU Trade Mark Registration Process." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-154773.
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Traditional trade marks, such as words and figures, have for a long time constituted of visual signs. However, due to the evolution of modern technology and changing marketing methods, non-traditional trade marks have been increasing in todays highly competitive market.1 Consequently, the evolution created legal uncertainties in the European Union (EU) since in order to register a trade mark, it had to be represented graphically. This requirement was difficult to achieve for some non-traditional trade marks which were perceived through other sensed than the sight. On the 1 October 2017, requirement for graphical representation has been amended in the EU Trade Mark Regulation 2017/10012 by a technical neutral requirement which opens up possibilities for registration of European Union trade marks in a more suitable way, using generally available technology. The purpose of this thesis has been to analyse how the abolition of graphical representation and the new wider requirement will affect the registration of non-traditional trade marks in the EU. Signs which have been analysed in the frame of this thesis are: sound, olfactory, three-dimensional, colour, motion, multimedia, holograms, pattern, tactile and taste marks. Conclusively, I found that the technical neutral registration requirement has opened up possibilities for trade mark holders to register new types of marks like multimedia marks. Moreover, it has simplified the registration process for already accepted non-traditional trade marks such as hologram, motion and sound marks. However, the reform has hardly affected the registration process of colour, pattern and three-dimensional marks since their biggest challenge with the registration have been the requirement for distinctiveness. Furthermore, it is currently still not possible to register olfactory, tactile and taste marks. Though the new and flexible amendments indicate that those types of marks may be more easily registered in the future.
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Narayan, Sajitha. "Comparison of Various Display Representation Formats for Older Adults Using Inlab and Remote Usability Testing." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33356.
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The population of seniors is growing and will continue to increase in the next decade.
Computer technology holds the promise of enhancing the quality of life and independence of older people as it may increase their ability to perform a variety of tasks. This is true for elderly. By the year 2030, people age 65 or older will comprise 22% of the population in the United States. As the population shifts so that a greater percentage are middle-aged and older adults, and as dependence on computer technology increases, it becomes more crucial to understand how to design computer displays for these older age groups.
The research has compared various display representation formats to try to find out which is the best way to represent information to seniors in any form of display and the reason for the preferences. The formats compared include high and low density screens for abstract icon representation, concrete icon representation, tabular representation and graphical representation.This research also endeavored to study the effectiveness of remote usability testing as compared to inlab testing for seniors.
Results indicated that density of screen is a very important factor affecting the performance of older adults. Density effect showed statistical significance F (1,112)=8.934, p< .05 from further post-hoc analysis that was conducted. Although significant results were not obtained, different formats of display representations may still be an area worth pursuing. Also it was noted that remote usability testing is not as effective as inlab testing for seniors in terms of time taken to conduct the study and the number of user comments collected. Implications, as well as recommendations and conclusions, of the study are presented.<br>Master of Science
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Franciosi, Beatriz Regina Tavares. "Representação geométrica de intervalos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/17751.
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Neste trabalho e apresentada uma nova abordagem para a representação gráfica de intervalos. Segundo esta abordagem é possível realizar a análise visual de intervalos a partir da associação entre propriedades geométricas do piano cartesiano e de conjuntos de intervalos representados como pontos desse piano. Esta nova abordagem possibilita a representação da interpretação dual de intervalos, assim como a analise visual de relacionamentos em (IR, <=) e (IR, C). Neste contexto, a representação gráfica do conjunto de intervalos degenerados, representado pela reta y = x, constitui um caso especial desta representação,"o. Por sua vez, a relação (IR, representada pelo semiplano superior a reta y = x, denotado piano IR. A interpretação visual de operações intervalares é obtida diretamente através da aplicação da representação gráfica proposta. Além disto, operandos e operadores podem ser estudados diretamente a partir desta representação. Foram desenvolvidos experimentos de analise visual de intervalos utilizando a abordagem proposta e resultados bastante promissores foram obtidos. Estes experimentos possibilitaram a identificação de novas propriedades de intervalos assim como interpretações não usuais para operações intervalares. Esta representação pode ser utilizada também para observar o comportamento de seqüências de intervalos gerados a partir de programas baseado na aplicação da aritmética intervalar. Nesta caso, pode ser observado como os intervalos desta seqüência variam com relação ao seu ponto médio e o raio, assim como a relação entre eles. Esta representação foi utilizada com sucesso para obter a solução geométrica da equação intervalar afim e efetuando sua validação. Finalmente, analisamos a contribuição efetiva deste trabalho no contexto da aritmética intervalar.<br>This thesis presents a framework enabling the visual analysis of intervals, obtained by mapping geometric properties of the cartesian plane into interval sets to obtain a graphical representation. This new approach makes possible a dual interval representation and the immediate visual analysis of several relationships in (IR, <=) and (IR, C). In this sense, the set of degenerated intervals is a special case of this approach as they are represented by the straight line y=x. In turn, the order relation in (IR, C) is represented through the half-plane above the straight line y = x, denoted IR plane. Applying this framework, the visual interpretation of most interval operations is obtained directly from the graphical representation of the operands and the operations being studied. On the other hand, some experiments on interval visual analysis were developed with good final results. Thus, new properties and unusual interpretations for known operations can be developed with rather small effort. Moreover, this representation can be easily embedded into a running algorithm, to observe convergence and behavior of interval iterations, as one can easily see how intervals change with respect to midpoint and radius, as well as with respect to each other. The validation of this new approach was carried through the geometric solution of linear interval equations. This result was analyzed in order to verify the effective contribution of this geometrical representation in the context of interval arithmetic.
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Björnberg, Jakob Erik. "Graphical representations of Ising and Potts models : Stochastic geometry of the quantum Ising model and the space-time Potts model." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Matematik (Inst.), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11267.
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HTML clipboard Statistical physics seeks to explain macroscopic properties of matter in terms of microscopic interactions. Of particular interest is the phenomenon of phase transition: the sudden changes in macroscopic properties as external conditions are varied. Two models in particular are of great interest to mathematicians, namely the Ising model of a magnet and the percolation model of a porous solid. These models in turn are part of the unifying framework of the random-cluster representation, a model for random graphs which was first studied by Fortuin and Kasteleyn in the 1970’s. The random-cluster representation has proved extremely useful in proving important facts about the Ising model and similar models. In this work we study the corresponding graphical framework for two related models. The first model is the transverse field quantum Ising model, an extension of the original Ising model which was introduced by Lieb, Schultz and Mattis in the 1960’s. The second model is the space–time percolation process, which is closely related to the contact model for the spread of disease. In Chapter 2 we define the appropriate space–time random-cluster model and explore a range of useful probabilistic techniques for studying it. The space– time Potts model emerges as a natural generalization of the quantum Ising model. The basic properties of the phase transitions in these models are treated in this chapter, such as the fact that there is at most one unbounded fk-cluster, and the resulting lower bound on the critical value in <img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/a/b/8/ab820da891078a8245d7f4f3252aee4f.png" />. In Chapter 3 we develop an alternative graphical representation of the quantum Ising model, called the random-parity representation. This representation is based on the random-current representation of the classical Ising model, and allows us to study in much greater detail the phase transition and critical behaviour. A major aim of this chapter is to prove sharpness of the phase transition in the quantum Ising model—a central issue in the theory— and to establish bounds on some critical exponents. We address these issues by using the random-parity representation to establish certain differential inequalities, integration of which gives the results. In Chapter 4 we explore some consequences and possible extensions of the results established in Chapters 2 and 3. For example, we determine the critical point for the quantum Ising model in <img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/a/b/8/ab820da891078a8245d7f4f3252aee4f.png" /> and in ‘star-like’ geometries.<br>HTML clipboard Statistisk fysik syftar till att förklara ett materials makroskopiska egenskaper i termer av dess mikroskopiska struktur. En särskilt intressant egenskap är är fenomenet fasövergång, det vill säga en plötslig förändring i de makroskopiska egenskaperna när externa förutsättningar varieras. Två modeller är särskilt intressanta för en matematiker, nämligen Ising-modellen av en magnet och perkolationsmodellen av ett poröst material. Dessa två modeller sammanförs av den så-kallade fk-modellen, en slumpgrafsmodell som först studerades av Fortuin och Kasteleyn på 1970-talet. fk-modellen har sedermera visat sig vara extremt användbar för att bevisa viktiga resultat om Ising-modellen och liknande modeller. I den här avhandlingen studeras den motsvarande grafiska strukturen hos två näraliggande modeller. Den första av dessa är den kvantteoretiska Isingmodellen med transverst fält, vilken är en utveckling av den klassiska Isingmodellen och först studerades av Lieb, Schultz och Mattis på 1960-talet. Den andra modellen är rumtid-perkolation, som är nära besläktad med kontaktmodellen av infektionsspridning. I Kapitel 2 definieras rumtid-fk-modellen, och flera probabilistiska verktyg utforskas för att studera dess grundläggande egenskaper. Vi möter rumtid-Potts-modellen, som uppenbarar sig som en naturlig generalisering av den kvantteoretiska Ising-modellen. De viktigaste egenskaperna hos fasövergången i dessa modeller behandlas i detta kapitel, exempelvis det faktum att det i fk-modellen finns högst en obegränsad komponent, samt den undre gräns för det kritiska värdet som detta innebär. I Kapitel 3 utvecklas en alternativ grafisk framställning av den kvantteoretiska Ising-modellen, den så-kallade slumpparitetsframställningen. Denna är baserad på slumpflödesframställningen av den klassiska Ising-modellen, och är ett verktyg som låter oss studera fasövergången och gränsbeteendet mycket närmare. Huvudsyftet med detta kapitel är att bevisa att fasövergången är skarp—en central egenskap—samt att fastslå olikheter för vissa kritiska exponenter. Metoden består i att använda slumpparitetsframställningen för att härleda vissa differentialolikheter, vilka sedan kan integreras för att lägga fast att gränsen är skarp. I Kapitel 4 utforskas några konsekvenser, samt möjliga vidareutvecklingar, av resultaten i de tidigare kapitlen. Exempelvis bestäms det kritiska värdet hos den kvantteoretiska Ising-modellen på <img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/a/b/8/ab820da891078a8245d7f4f3252aee4f.png" /> , samt i ‘stjärnliknankde’ geometrier.<br>QC 20100705
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Salonius, Annalisa. "Contextualizing the under representation of women in science and engineering : a graphical analysis of trends in Canadian degree attainment statistics." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23734.
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The selective success of women in traditionally male dominated fields is identified as a paradox whose explanation will have implications for the issue of the under representation of women in science and engineering programs. Trends in degree attainment by sex science and engineering are examined in the context of degree attainment in all traditionally male dominated degree programs in order to generate empirically based hypotheses. Because research designs in use for quantitative data in sociology are much better designed to test hypotheses than to generate new ones, an important aspect of this study is its development of a new analytical strategy. In order to effectively explore the available data, the existing statistics for degree attainment in traditionally male dominated fields for both sexes over the 1962-1989 period are converted to graphical display and analysed visually. The organization of the graphical displays developed is consistent with basic aspects of the comparative, exploratory research strategy advocated by Glaser and Strauss and graphical display techniques of Tufte. Findings show that the largest gains in representation in traditionally male dominated disciplines have been in those where the associated professions or occupations are typically autonomous self-employed professions rather than positions in large organizations. These findings further suggest processes that may be contributing the continued under representation of women in the physical sciences and engineering.
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Bolte, Jacob. "The Removal of the Requirement for Graphical Representation of EU Trade Marks : The Impact of the Amending Trade Mark Regulation." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-55448.
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Bays, Geoffrey Alan. "ScoreSVG a new software framework for capturing the semantic meaning and graphical representation of musical scores using JAVA2D, XML, and SVG /." unrestricted, 2005. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07072005-150030/.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Georgia State University, 2005.<br>Ying Zhu, committee chair; Rajsekhar Sunderraman, Xaolin Hu, committee members. Electronic text ( 82 p. : ill. (some col.)) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed July 5, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-54).
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Wutzow, Wilson Wesley. "Formulação do método dos elementos de contorno para análise de chapas com enrijecedores." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-31032016-115641/.
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Neste trabalho, a formulação linear do método dos elementos de contorno - MEC, para elasticidade bidimensional, é empregada para estudo de domínios enrijecidos sendo os enrijecedores abordados de duas formas, a primeira muito conhecida trata-se da técnica de sub-região ou acoplamento MEC/MEC e a segunda também pelo mesmo tipo de acoplamento, mas agora condensando-se as variáveis do contorno para a linha central do enrijecedor. Esta técnica juntamente com a integração completamente analítica dos termos da equação Somigliana proporcionam bons resultados eliminando perturbações em enrijecedores finos. Com o intuito de obter melhores resultados aplica-se ainda a técnica de suavização do contorno por mínimos quadrados. Aspectos gráficos são abordados na criação do pré e pós processador, sendo o pré-processador um interpretador de arquivos de formato dxf e o pós-processador destinado a representação gráfica dos resultados através de mapas e isolinhas de tensão, deformação e deslocamentos.<br>In this work, the boundary element method - BEM, for two-dimensional elasticity, is used to analyse reinforced domains. The rigidity stiffener contribution are taking into account by two different ways: the first one by the sub-region technique or BEM/BEM coupling, and the second one, also based on BEM/BEM coupling, but now considering the variables defined along the central line of the stiffer. Analytical expressions were found to perform the integrals along boundary and interface elements, providing very good results characterized by the elimination of some perturbations that might occur when using stiffener with small rigidity. In order to obtains better and smooth results the least square method was used. Pre- and post-processors were developed and implemented for visualization of the input data and the final results. The pre-processor was written as a dxf reader program, while the post-processor as a counter map stress, strain and displacement iso-lines.
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Shrestha, shilu. "Software Modeling in Cyber-Physical Systems." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-111435.
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A Cyber-Physical System (CPS) has a tight integration of computation, networking and physicalprocess. It is a heterogeneous system that combines multi-domain consisting of both hardware andsoftware systems. Cyber subsystems in the CPS implement the control strategy that affects the physicalprocess. Therefore, software systems in the CPS are more complex. Visualization of a complex system provides a method of understanding complex systems byaccumulating, grouping, and displaying components of systems in such a manner that they may beunderstood more efficiently just by viewing the model rather than understanding the code. Graphicalrepresentation of complex systems provides an intuitive and comprehensive way to understand thesystem. OpenModelica is the open source development environment based on Modelica modeling andsimulation language that consists of several interconnected subsystems. OMEdit is one of the subsystemintegrated into OpenModelica. It is a graphical user interface for graphical modeling. It consists of toolsthat allow the user to create their own shapes and icons for the model. This thesis presents a methodology that provides an easy way of understanding the structure andexecution of programs written in the imperative language like C through graphical Modelica model.
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Tauro, Candida. "A Usability Evaluation and Content Analysis of Vizblog: an Online Conversation Discovery Tool." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32383.
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Interested citizens use the Internet for, among other purposes, expressing their opinions and views about political issues and local concerns. There is much expression by citizens in web logs (or blogs). Blogs are a form of individual expression, publicly available and constantly updated. Blog entries may contain a variety of topics of discussion. Two topics are the focus of this thesis: political and local issues. Often blogs are aggregated into regional collections. These aggregated sites are a good source for local and regional discussions. However, because the discussions are only implicitly connected, tools are needed to identify similarity in otherwise individual blog entries. Blog visualizations can help address this problem. We have created a tool, VizBlog that supports the task of local blog discussion discovery. This blog visualization tool visually presents information in a way that helps users identify blog entry clusters of similar content, helps citizens find other citizens opinions, and also helps government officials identify local hot issues. This research seeks to: a) validate the accuracy of the automated similarity classification done by VizBlog; b) evaluate the usability of VizBlog; and c) study the characteristics of local conversations scattered in a series of regional blogs. The results of the evaluation showed that VizBlog did make it easy for users to identify topics of interest from the visualization, in addition to providing insight on ongoing discussion taking place in regional blogs. In addition, the automated similarity computation was validated when compared to classification done by humans. Finally, the thesis discusses the findings of the structure of the regional blogosphere.<br>Master of Science
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Zmejauskaitė, Rūta. "Nematomo žymens registravimo prekių ženklu teisinė problematika." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130418_110639-98185.
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Disertacijoje analizuojama, kokiomis sąlygomis nematomi žymenys atlieka pagrindinę prekių ženklo funkciją, t.y. atskiria vieno asmens prekes ir paslaugas nuo kito asmens prekių ir paslaugų. Atsakant į šį klausimą aptariamos pagrindinės kvapo, skonio ir garso charakteristikos, išskiriamos pagrindinės kvapo, skonio ir garso žymenų rūšys, identifikuojami nematomų žymenų funkcionalumo aspektai, identifikuojami pagrindiniai konkurenciniai aspektai, analizuojami išeikvojimo doktrinos taikymo ypatumai nematomų prekių ženklų atžvilgiu. Taip pat disertacijoje analizuojama nematomo žymens galimybės būti pavaizduotam grafiškai problematika. Aptariama grafinio pavaizdavimo reikalavimo esmė, paskirtis ir vieta absoliučių reikalavimų prekių ženklui sistemoje, analizuojami atskirų tipų nematomų žymenų grafinio pavaizdavimo ypatumai, atskirai aptariant šiuo metu žinomus nematomų žymenų grafinio pavaizdavimo metodus: žodinį žymenų aprašymą, cheminę formulę, nematomų žymenų pavyzdžių (angl. specimen) tinkamumą, atvaizdą, kvapo diagramas, kvepalų radarą, muzikinę penklinę ir garso diagramas.<br>This dissertation investigates the conditions under which a non-visible sign performs the primary function of a trade mark, i.e. to distinguish the goods or services of one undertaking from those of other undertakings. To answer this question, the dissertation identifies the main characteristics of smell, taste, and sound, the main types of smell, taste and sound signs, the functionality of non-visible signs, the main competitive aspects, and the peculiarities applying the depletion doctrine with respect to non-visible signs. The dissertation deals with the capability of a non-visible sign to be represented graphically. It describes the essence, purpose and role of the graphical representation requirement in the array of absolute requirements for a trade mark, also analyses the peculiarities of representation of different types of non-visible signs, by focusing more on graphical representation methods known today, such as verbal description of signs, chemical formula, relevance of specimen of non-visible signs, image, diagrams of smell, perfume radar, musical staves, and diagrams of sound.
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Pražák, Ondřej. "Grafická reprezentace genomických a proteomických sekvencí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219243.
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Modification of DNA sequences and their suitable representation is important part of analysis, comparison and another processing. Goal of this paper is finding of suitable methods for representation of genomic and proteomic sequences. Because there is great number of metods, this paper will introduce only some of them. All selected methods, are described in the first part of this paper and they were programed in Matlab. Selected methods are illustrated on coding sequences of the first exon of the b-globin gene of 11 different species. Results are compared withresults from the original papers. Some methods are capable of another processing like cluster analysis. Output of this paper is comparison of results, gained from different methods, and finding the most suitable one.
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Withall, Mark S. "The evolution of complete software systems." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2003. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/3594.
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This thesis tackles a series of problems related to the evolution of completesoftware systems both in terms of the underlying Genetic Programmingsystem and the application of that system. A new representation is presented that addresses some of the issues withother Genetic Program representations while keeping their advantages. Thiscombines the easy reproduction of the linear representation with the inheritablecharacteristics of the tree representation by using fixed-length blocks ofgenes representing single program statements. This means that each block ofgenes will always map to the same statement in the parent and child unless itis mutated, irrespective of changes to the surrounding blocks. This methodis compared to the variable length gene blocks used by other representationswith a clear improvement in the similarity between parent and child. Traditionally, fitness functions have either been created as a selection ofsample inputs with known outputs or as hand-crafted evaluation functions. Anew method of creating fitness evaluation functions is introduced that takesthe formal specification of the desired function as its basis. This approachensures that the fitness function is complete and concise. The fitness functionscreated from formal specifications are compared to simple input/outputpairs and the results show that the functions created from formal specificationsperform significantly better. A set of list evaluation and manipulation functions was evolved as anapplication of the new Genetic Program components. These functions havethe common feature that they all need to be 100% correct to be useful. Traditional Genetic Programming problems have mainly been optimizationor approximation problems. The list results are good but do highlight theproblem of scalability in that more complex functions lead to a dramaticincrease in the required evolution time. Finally, the evolution of graphical user interfaces is addressed. The representationfor the user interfaces is based on the new representation forprograms. In this case each gene block represents a component of the userinterface. The fitness of the interface is determined by comparing it to a seriesof constraints, which specify the layout, style and functionality requirements. A selection of web-based and desktop-based user interfaces were evolved. With these new approaches to Genetic Programming, the evolution ofcomplete software systems is now a realistic goal.
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Covarrubia, Patricia. "Chemical sense marks : expanding the boundaries of registrability frequent concerns when applying for registration at the office for harmonisation in the internal market (trade marks and designs) (OHIM)." Thesis, Brunel University, 2010. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5174.
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The harmonisation of the European Trade Mark laws and the introduction of unconventional marks under this regime have encouraged interested parties to seek registration of chemical senses (scent and taste) as trade marks. This thesis studies the current state of affairs of these types of marks. It discusses in general, the panorama that these types of marks have when registrability is at issue. The purpose of this research is therefore to scrutinise the trade mark legal system, including a discussion of the origins and rationale underlying it, to try to understand the burdens presented when registering chemical sense marks. The starting point of this thesis is that the European Regulation and the Directive of the Trade Mark law open the door to the protection of chemical senses under the Trade Mark law regime. Yet, despite some early successful registration, their fate is still burdened with uncertainty and therefore the rationale for this study is to try to find whether chemical sense marks are truly marks and therefore protectable under the trade mark system. The approach chosen addresses the examination of all requirements for a sign to be protected under the trade mark system. The reason is that protection of chemical senses might be granted if such marks are recognised as signs, are graphically represented and are capable of distinguishing products of one undertaking from those of another undertaking. By examining the aforementioned requirements, the study reveals that while chemical senses marks might be seen as marks, they find that registration is not quite feasible. The thesis emphasises that graphic representation is only one of the many issues that chemical sense marks are confronted with. Issues such as distinctiveness, the need to keep free and functionality remain problematic. Moreover, the scope of protection afforded to chemical sense marks are yet untested. Case law will ascertain that the intent behind the trade mark regime to grant registration to chemical senses is unresolved. Still, the significant interest in chemical senses as trade marks appears to be not softening by this notion.
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Lameira, Wanja Janayna de Miranda. "As unidades ambientais da bacia do rio Buquira - SP: um estudo integrado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-18092009-145231/.
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O século XX marca um período de intensas mudanças nos métodos e nas práticas científicas, face aos novos desafios vividos pela sociedade contemporânea, como a industrialização, crescimento demográfico, expansão urbana e a perda da biodiversidade. Esta nova tendência do cenário mundial faz com que a compreensão do espaço deixe de ser meramente descritiva e independente da participação da sociedade. No âmbito da Geografia, um dos caminhos adotados para tratar estas questões é o conceito de Paisagem fundamentado na teoria dos Geossistemas como orientação viável para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas fundamentais (acadêmicas) e experimentais (aplicadas). No Brasil, uma área que chama atenção pela intensa concentração populacional e a quase extinção da cobertura vegetal é a região do Vale do Rio Paraíba do Sul, face seu histórico de ocupação que, ao longo do tempo, lhe atribuiu um papel singular no cenário econômico nacional. Diante destas premissas, o objetivo da pesquisa foi identificar e caracterizar as unidades ambientais da Bacia do Rio Buquira no Estado de São Paulo, relacionando os aspectos da sociedade e da natureza mediante a elaboração de mapas analíticos que desembocaram num mapa de síntese, como uma etapa no processo do conhecimento.<br>The XXth Century marks a period of intense change in the methods and scientific practices, meet the new challenges faced by contemporary society, such as industrialization, demographic increasing, urban expansion and loss of biodiversity. In this new trend of world scenario makes understanding of space is no longer seen only in a descriptive way and independent of participation of society. In the scope of Science one theme may allow a reflection about Environmental from the analysis of social organizations allied to a healthy environment is the Geography has the use of landscape concept on the theory of Geossistemas as viable guide for the development of fundamental research (academic) and experimental (applied). In Brazil, an area need care when you think the environmental problems is the Paraiba do Sul River Basin because its history of occupation, which has experienced several economic cycles that gives a major economic role in the national scene in the opposite way, presents a compromising environmental quality. Due to these reasons this work has objective the identification and characterization of environmental units of Buquira`s River Basin in the State of São Paulo, related the social and natural aspects to the space through the development of analytic maps that ran into a synthesis maps one as a step in the knowledge process.
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Zacharias, Andréa Aparecida. "A representação gráfica das unidades de paisagem no zoneamento ambiental : um estudo de caso no município de Ourinhos SP /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104436.
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Orientador: Maria Isabel Castreghini de Freitas<br>Banca: Cenira Luppinacci da Cunha<br>Banca: Adler Guilherme Viadana<br>Banca: Marcello Martinelli<br>Banca: José Manuel Mateo Rodrigues<br>Possui anexo em volume separado<br>Resumo: Esta Tese propõe um estudo sobre A Representação Gráfica das Unidades de Paisagem no Zoneamento Ambiental, adotando como estudo de caso o Município de Ourinhos-SP. Sistematizada em seis capítulos, explicita no Capítulo I Introdução - as considerações iniciais acerca deste trabalho, discorrendo acerca das principais reflexões que motivaram o desenvolvimento da pesquisa; descreve, ainda, os objetivos (geral e específicos), a localização da área de estudo, as justificativas e as hipóteses que consistem no desafio deste trabalho. No Capítulo II A Importância do Zoneamento Ambiental no Planejamento Físico-Territorial discute-se sobre os dédalos dos termos Planejamento, Gerenciamento, Gestão e Zoneamento Ambiental, atualmente percebidos nos trabalhos científicos. Apontam-se, também, os grandes desafios que o Zoneamento assume enquanto um dos instrumentos legais para efetivar o Planejamento Ambiental. O Capítulo III O Estudo e a Representação da Paisagem no Contexto Ambiental pretende uma reelaboração teórica acerca da representação gráfica, sobretudo a cartografia das paisagens, descrevendo as etapas da evolução dos estudos envolvendo a dinâmica da paisagem. Neste aspecto, são revisitados os preceitos das principais Teorias utilizadas na atualidade em trabalhos que visam o Planejamento Ambiental. O Capítulo IV Comunicação Cartográfica e Representação Gráfica das Unidades de Paisagem: uma proposta metodológica - discute os princípios da Comunicação Cartográfica na Geografia, com maior destaque à semiologia gráfica, propondo uma metodologia para a representação e leitura da paisagem, baseada em três níveis diferenciados. O Capítulo IV Comunicação Cartográfica e Representação Gráfica das Unidades de Paisagem: uma proposta metodológica - discute os princípios da Comunicação Cartográfica na Geografia, com maior destaque à semiologia... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo).<br>Abstract: This Thesis considers a study on the Graphical Representation of the Units of Landscape in the Ambient Zoning , adopting as case study the City of Ourinhos-SP. Systemize in six chapters, explicit in Chapter I Introduction - the initial concepts concerning this work, discoursing on the main reflections that had motivated the development of the research; it describes, still, the objectives (general and specific), the localization of the study area, the justifications and the hypotheses that consist of the challenge of this work. In Chapter II the Importance of the Ambient Zoning in the Physicist-Territorial Planning argues on the masses of the terms Planning, Management, Management and Ambient Zoning, currently perceived in the scientific works. They are pointed, also, the great challenges that the Zoning assumes while one of the legal instruments to accomplish the Ambient Planning. Chapter III the Study and the Representation of the Landscape in the Ambient Context intends a theoretical rework concerning the graphical representation, over all the cartography of the landscapes, describing the stages of the evolution of the studies involving the dynamics of the landscape. In this aspect, the rules of the main Theories used in the present time in works are revisited that aim at the Ambient Planning. Chapter IV Cartographic Communication and Graphical Representation of the Units of Landscape: considering one methodology - it argues the principles of the Cartographic Communication in Geography, with bigger prominence to the graphical semiology, considering a methodology for the representation and reading of the landscape, based in three differentiated levels. In Chapter V the Ambient Zoning of the City of Ourinhos-SP proceeds it the execution from the Zoning of the City, using it synthesis cartography as Geoambiental document, for the diagnosis of the ambient characteristics of the different... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).<br>Doutor
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Touron, Matthieu. "Approche énergétique pour la représentation, la structuration et la synthèse des Systèmes d’Assistance à Opérateur : application aux chaînes de commande de vol d’hélicoptère." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENAM0008/document.
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Un aéronef à voilure tournante est un système physique dynamique complexe. Le développement de ce type de système nécessite méthodes d’analyse (structurelle et comportementale) et de commande afin de maîtriser ses comportements. L’approche énergétique (bond graph et formalisme hamiltonien à port) permet une représentation multi-physique non linéaire, modulaire (acausale) et à différents niveaux de granularité. Parmi ses organes, les commandes de vol de l’aéronef permettent la transmission du pilotage aux rotors : canaliser la puissance motrice (2 MW) à partir d’une commande manuelle est impossible sans organes actifs d’assistance. Afin de représenter les cheminements et traitements des informations nécessaires aux organes actifs, la représentation multi-physique est complétée par une représentation informationnelle causale (schéma bloc).Les travaux exposés dans ce mémoire visent à ajouter le niveau de granularité intermédiaire et nécessaire entre la représentation multi-physique pure et une représentation combinée physique et informationnelle. Basée sur la démarche du PMBC (Physical Model Based Control), ils proposent une méthode originale permettant de représenter les organes d’assistance et leur commande par un modèle physique équivalent. La méthode est ici enrichie dans une démarche de conception des Systèmes d’Assistance à Opérateur : nous déterminons où doivent agir les organes actifs, selon quelles mesures et suivant quelles lois de commande. La méthode est illustrée sur un cas d’étude industriel : nous obtenons deux représentations de l’espace des solutions (les représentations physico-informationnelle détaillée et globale de son comportement) incluant la solution industrielle actuelle<br>A rotorcraft is a complex dynamic physical system. The development of this kind of systems requires methods to analyze its structure and its behavior and to control this latter. The energetic framework (bond graph and Hamiltonian formulation) allows a multiphysical nonlinear representation, modular and with several levels of granularity. Among its components, flight controls transmit the orders from the pilot to rotors. Leading the motive power (about 2MW) directly from a handling control is almost impossible without active devices for assistance. In order to represent the flow of the control information and its processing, a cyberphysical representation combines a multiphysical representation with an informational representation (bloc diagram).This thesis work aims at proposing an intermediate granularity level between purely multiphysical representations and cyberphysical representations. Based on PMBC (Physical Model Based Control) approach, a new method to represent the assistance parts is proposed, by means of a physical equivalent model. The method is then enriched by a genuine design procedure of an Operator Assisting System: we determine where actuators must operate, according to which control laws and from which measurements. The method is applied to an industrial case: two representations of the possible design solutions set are obtained, a detailed cyberphysical representation and a global representation of its behavior. The actual industrial solution belongs to the defined set of possible solutions
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Uller, Adriana Salviato. "Cartografia turística: uma leitura dos mapas temáticos de uso do turista em Ponta Grossa - Paraná." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8135/tde-10012011-124551/.
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Este trabalho é resultado de uma tese de doutorado realizada na Universidade de São Paulo, com o objetivo de: Analisar a forma de representação cartográfica temática presente nos mapas turísticos destinados aos visitantes no Município de Ponta Grossa PR. Tal intuito veio de encontro à problemática observada nos diferentes usos simbólicos em mapas ofertados aos turistas, em diferentes localidades do Estado do Paraná e até mesmo do País, criando uma imagem local muitas vezes não correspondente à realidade identitária cultural destes respectivos espaços. No caso do Município de Ponta Grossa PR (recorte espacial escolhido para estudo), os mapas turísticos focalizam com grande ênfase o Parque Estadual de Vila Velha, deixando pouco retratados, ou de difícil localização, outros pontos turísticos importantes como: Buraco do Padre, Cachoeira da Mariquinha, Rio Verde, Capão da Onça, Parque Margharita Mazzine, Vila Hilda, Estação Saudade e tantos mais. Isto permite de certa forma condenar o município a uma espécie de extensão da capital estadual (Curitiba), dentro dos roteiros turísticos, penalizando fortemente este setor econômico, e, maculando de insignificantes outras potencialidades naturais e culturais locais. Assim, apesar de um número expressivo de visitantes que vem até o município, estes turistas praticamente só comparecem até o Parque e já retornam, sem visitar demais áreas e sem sequer conhecer a cidade. O resultado desse descaso é o desinteresse de maiores políticas públicas que fomentem uma ampliação nas infraestruturas de acesso, de atendimento, de acomodação e até mesmo de dinamização frente ao que poderia ser um salto para o turismo sustentável local. No desenvolvimento da pesquisa, utilizamos como metodologia de trabalho a análise de materiais cartográficos (mapas turísticos) e as entrevistas com usuários do serviço (turistas e visitantes locais), diagnosticando a eficácia da representação simbólica empregada nos dois mapas mais atualizados, correlacionando isto às causas e consequências do resultado de tal material produzido, como instrumento de marketing, de localização e informação. Também foram entrevistados os sujeitos responsáveis pela produção do material de divulgação aos visitantes, para saber sua formação profissional e critérios considerados importantes na elaboração dos mapas, bem como os chefes de departamento de turismo, para permitir um entendimento, frente ao ponto de vista dos mesmos, quanto ao tipo de material ofertado, fazendo uma correlação com os dados quantitativos obtidos no campo de investigação anterior. Nossos estudos se basearam com prioridade às concepções teóricas atuais e internacionais de Mark Monmonier, (How to lie with maps), para discutir as mentiras presentes nos mapas, e em Jacques Bertin, (Sémiologie Graphique), de modo a retratar as formas convencionais de comunicação cartográfica. A conclusão final da pesquisa aponta para uma gama de artifícios pictóricos com o intuito de estimular o imaginário dos visitantes e vender-lhes tal fantasia em detrimento de emprego de variáveis visuais convencionais à cartografia. O que justifica esta ocorrência é o interesse de mercado de órgãos específicos, e a responsabilidade profissional de produção de mapas que é muitas vezes atribuída a sujeitos não qualificados para este exercício. É necessário nos preocuparmos com o rigor de produções científicas, como o instrumental cartográfico, visto que é visível a banalização que, muitas vezes, é atribuída a esta área do conhecimento, diante da facilidade de reprodução de imagens, via avanço tecnológico.<br>This work is the result of a doctoral thesis held at the University of São Paulo, with the objective: \"Examining thematic cartographic representation present in tourist maps for visitors in the municipality of Ponta Grossa-PR\". This order came the problems observed in different uses symbolic maps offered to tourists, in different localities of the State of Paraná and even the country, creating a local image often not corresponding to the reality of cultural identity of these spaces. In the case of the municipality of Ponta Grossa PR (Snip space chosen for study), tour focused on maps with great emphasis the Vila Velha State Park, leaving little depicted, or difficult location, other important sights: Hole of Priest, Mariquinha Waterfall, Green River Resort, Capão of ounce, Margharita Mazzine Park, Hilda Village, Saudade Station and many more. This allows somewhat condemn the municipality to a kind of extension of the State capital (Curitiba) within the itineraries pollute heavily this economic sector, and maculando of insignificant other potential natural and cultural sites. Thus, despite an overwhelming number of visitors who come to the city, these tourists virtually only comes to the Park and return, without visiting other areas and without even knowing the city. The rest is the lack of major public policies that promote a magnification in infrastructure access service, accommodation and even pivoting forward that could be a leap into the local sustainable tourism. In the development of search we use as working methodology of cartographic materials analysis (tourist maps) and interviews with users of the service (tourists and visitors locations), diagnosing the effectiveness of symbolic representation used in the two most up-to-date maps, correlating it to the causes and consequences of the outcome of such material produced as marketing tool, location and information. Also interviewed every responsible production of material to visitors, to learn their vocational training and criteria are considered important in the preparation of maps, as well as the heads of Department of tourism, to allow an understanding to the point of view, on the type of material contributed by doing a correlation with the quantitative data from previous research. Our studies are based, with priority to current theoretical conceptions and international Monmonier, Mark (how to lie with maps) to discuss the \"lies\" present on maps, and Jacques Bertin, (Sémiologie Graphique) to portray the conventional forms of cartographic communication. The final completion of the survey points to a range of pictorial artifice to stimulate the imagination of visitors and sell them this fantasy to the detriment of employment of conventional Visual variables to cartography. What justifies this occurrence is the interest of specific organs market and professional liability for the production of maps is often assigned to non-qualified for this exercise. You need to concern ourselves with the rigor of scientific productions such as instrumental cartographic, since it is visible to the banal, which is often assigned to this area of knowledge, given the ease of reproduction of images, via technological advance.
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Venkatraman, Vishwesh. "Graphical representations of molecular surface properties." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438812.
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The major features of a scalar property P defined on a molecular surface can be captured in the form of a directed graph derived from the gradient flow of P. These molecular surface property graphs (MSPG) have vertices at the critical points (maxima, minima and saddles) of P and edges formed by the trajectories of the gradient flow that pass through the saddles. Techniques developed for the comparison of chemical structure graphs can be adapted to MSPGs to address questions such as the similarity and complementarity of molecular surface properties. This study describes an algorithm to calculate MSPGs in the case where the molecular surface is defined implicitly as the level set of a sum of atom-centred Gaussians. Examples are shown for geometric properties such as the mean and Gaussian curvature of the surface, and two physical properties, a molecular electrostatic potential defined in terms of atom-centred partial charges and a molecular lipophilic potential derived from atomic lipophilic contributions. Maximal common subgraph methods to identify similar or complementary MSPGs are outlined and their utility in QSAR studies and conformational classification are demonstrated
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Helmuth, Tyler. "Heaps, graphical models, and random walk representations." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/51774.
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Spin systems such as the Ising model are central topics in statistical mechanics and probability theory. In the late 1960s Symanzik made the important discovery that properties of spin systems could be expressed in terms of the behaviour of random walks. This thesis contributes to the understanding of these connections by developing and analyzing random walk representations of graphical models arising in statistical mechanics. Concretely, the results of this thesis can be divided into two parts. The first part is a lace expansion analysis of a model called loop-weighted walk. Loop-weighted walk is a non-Markovian model of random walks that are discouraged (or encouraged), depending on the value of a parameter ⋋ ≥ 0, from completing loops. The model arises naturally as a random walk representation of correlations in a statistical mechanics model called the cycle gas. A challenging aspect of this model is that it is not repulsive, meaning the weight of the future of a walk may either increase or decrease if the past is forgotten. The second part of this thesis is an essentially elementary derivation of a random walk representation for the partition function of the Ising model on any finite graph. Such representations have a long history for planar graphs. For non-planar graphs the additional ingredient needed is a way to compute the intersection numbers of curves on surfaces. The representations for non-planar graphs lead to random walk representations of spin-spin correlation functions that were previously unknown.<br>Science, Faculty of<br>Mathematics, Department of<br>Graduate
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Kallis, Garth Ernest. "The legal protection of sound, scent and colour marks in South Africa: Lessons from the European Union and the United States of America." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6406.
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Magister Legum - LLM (Private Law)<br>A trade mark is defined as a sign that is capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one
enterprise from those of other enterprises. Trade marks, copyright, patents and designs are
some of the forms of intellectual property. Trade marks can be divided into traditional trade
marks and non-traditional trade marks. Traditional trade marks are capable of being represented
graphically, for example logos, service marks or company names. Non-traditional trade marks
are generally not capable of being represented graphically. Examples of these marks are inter
alia, scent, taste, touch and sound marks.
Technology is changing the way business is being conducted. The registration of nontraditional
trade marks has grown exponentially as businesses seek to use innovative ways to
protect their brands. Non-conventional trade marks may be visible signs, examples of which
include colours, shapes, moving images, holograms and positions or non-visible signs such as
sounds, scents, tastes, textures. Visible signs may easily be registered since they satisfy the
requirement of graphical representation. Non-visible marks do not generally meet this
requirement which makes their registration more complicated. An example of a registered
visible non-traditional trade marks is the four finger shape of Kit Kat chocolates.