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Journal articles on the topic 'GRAPHIDE OXIDE'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Liu, Hong Bo, Wu Ying Zhang, Feng Lin, and Hong Da Cao. "Comparison and Characterization of Two Preparation Methods of Graphene Oxide." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.125.

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The graphene oxides were prepared form graphite by thermal expansion and ultrasonic dispersion. The structure of graphene oxides was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectra. The difference of structure of graphene oxides by two preparation methods was compared. The measurement of FTIR and XRD showed the graphite was completely oxidized. The graphene oxide prepared by thermal expansion would lose large number of active functional groups, such as hydroxyl, carboxyl group, et al. However, the gr

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2

Yıldız, Kübra, and Muhammet Uzun. "Obtaining of Reduced Graphene Oxide from Graphite by using Hummer’s and Chemical Reduction Method." Academic Perspective Procedia 2, no. 3 (2019): 601–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.02.03.59.

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In this study, graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized from graphite using modified Hummers method. According to other methods known in the literature, modified Hummers method; it is simpler and less costly in terms of process steps. In addition, it is safer and environmentally friendly than the Hummers method. Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) was obtained by reduction of graphene oxides (GO) synthesized by modified Hummers method. It is understood from the obtained results that GO is synthesized successfully from graphite powder by modified Hummers method and RGO is obtained successfully by reduction

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3

Muzyka, Roksana, Sabina Drewniak, Tadeusz Pustelny, Marcin Sajdak, and Łukasz Drewniak. "Characterization of Graphite Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Obtained from Different Graphite Precursors and Oxidized by Different Methods Using Raman Spectroscopy Statistical Analysis." Materials 14, no. 4 (2021): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14040769.

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In this paper, various graphite oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) preparation methods are analyzed. The obtained materials differed in their properties, including (among others) their oxygen contents. The chemical and structural properties of graphite, graphite oxides, and reduced graphene oxides were previously investigated using Raman spectroscopy (RS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In this paper, hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to trace the directions of changes of the selected parameters rela

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Yao, Yu Qin, Yin Jie Cen, Richard D. Sisson, and Jian Yu Liang. "A Synthesize Protocol for Graphene Nanosheets." Materials Science Forum 880 (November 2016): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.880.3.

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Chemical synthesis is cheap and easy to be tailored. Reduction of graphite oxide to form graphene nanosheets is a necessary step that determines yield, quality, chemical and surface properties of graphene nanosheets. In this report, the reduction of graphite oxides by chemical and thermal methods has been employed to convert graphite oxide synthesized by the same wet chemical method using KMnO4 and H2O2. The characterization results from the two reduction methods indicate that a combination of wet oxidation of graphite and thermal reduction method is an efficient and environmental friendly way

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Strankowski, Michał, Damian Włodarczyk, Łukasz Piszczyk, and Justyna Strankowska. "Polyurethane Nanocomposites Containing Reduced Graphene Oxide, FTIR, Raman, and XRD Studies." Journal of Spectroscopy 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7520741.

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Recently, graphene and other graphene-based materials have become an essential part of composite science and technology. Their unique properties are not only restricted to graphene but also shared with derivative compounds like graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, functionalized graphene, and so forth. One of the most structurally important materials, graphene oxide (GO), is prepared by the oxidation of graphite. Though removal of the oxide groups can create vacancies and structural defects, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is used in composites as effective filler similar to GO. Authors develo

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Said, Muhammad, Maria Ulfa, Addy Rachmat, Desnelli, and Poedji Loekitowati Hariani. "Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide from Cellulose and its Applications for Methylene Blue Adsorption." Solid State Phenomena 345 (July 28, 2023): 153–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-n4sufo.

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This paper reports the synthesis and its application to the adsorption of methylene blue dye using graphene-oxide (GO) and reduced graphene-oxide (RGO). Among carbon-based nanomaterials, graphene and its derivatives have received remarkable attention due to their unique thermal, mechanical, and electronic properties and two-dimensional structure. The GO was synthesized by the modified Hummers method (chemical exfoliation) of graphite flake. This reaction produced graphite oxide (GrO) as an intermediate material. The synthesized materials, namely graphite, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene o

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7

Sujata, Kumari, Yadav Vandana, Sharma Pratibha, and Majumder Sudip. "Revisting the synthesis and applications of graphene oxide." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 96, Dec 2019 (2019): 1461–66. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5638584.

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Department of Chemistry, Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University Gurgaon, Amity Education Valley, Gurugram (Manesar)-122 413, Haryana, India <em>E-mail:</em> sudip22m@gmail.com <em>Manuscript received online 09 November 2019, revised 25 November 2019, accepted 28 November 2019</em> Over the last two decades, graphene and its derivatives have attracted lots of attention because of its peculiar properties. In this review, a general introduction, history, synthesis and applications of graphene and graphene oxide have been provided. However, we have emphasized the different synthetic ro

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8

Liu, Hong Bo, Wu Ying Zhang, and Feng Lin. "Synthesis and Property of Polyurethane Acrylates Modified Graphene Oxide." Key Engineering Materials 703 (August 2016): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.703.273.

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The graphene oxides were synthesized form graphite by ultrasonic dispersion in water, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), N,N-dimethyl-formamide (DMF), acetone and dimethylbenzene, and the polyurethane acrylates containing the reactive NCO (PACN) were prepared. Then the polyurethane acrylates modified graphene oxide synthesized by ultrasonic dispersion in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), N,N-dimethyl-formamide (DMF), acetone were prepared by NCO of PACN reacting with the hydroxyl groups of the graphene oxides. The polyurethane acrylates modified graphene oxide was characterized by Fourier transform infrared

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9

Corso, Marla, Ana Carolina de Dias Albuquerque, Lídia Pereira Amaro, et al. "Graphene oxide synthesis for composite material preparation." Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciências Ambientais 10, no. 1 (2019): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.6008/cbpc2179-6858.2019.001.0013.

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Graphene, a material formed by carbon atoms with sp2 hybridization in a hexagonal arrangement, has differentiated characteristics in comparison to commercial materials such as high flexibility, high electrical and thermal conductivity, and strong resistance due to the organized structure of the material and can be applied in several branches of research. The best-known method for the production of graphene is the exfoliation of graphite using the methodology proposed by Hummers, in which the commercial graphite is oxidized obtaining as final product the graphene oxide that can be converted int

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10

Li, Jinghao, Qiangu Yan, Xuefeng Zhang, Jilei Zhang, and Zhiyong Cai. "Efficient Conversion of Lignin Waste to High Value Bio-Graphene Oxide Nanomaterials." Polymers 11, no. 4 (2019): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11040623.

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Lignin graphene oxide was oxidized after Kraft lignin was graphitized by thermal catalytic conversion. The reduced lignin graphene oxide was derived from lignin graphene oxide through thermal reduction treatment. These Kraft lignin, lignin graphite, lignin graphene oxide, and reduced lignin graphene oxide were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, raman microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed lignin graphite converted from Kraft l

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J, Monica, and Divyasankari G. "Experimental Study on Green Concrete using Graphene." International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering 10, no. 07 (2023): 486–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.26562/ijirae.2023.v1007.07.

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The paper considers methods for concrete modification using low-layer graphene and grapheme oxide. It was found that graphene oxide and low-layer graphene obtained by liquid-phase shear exfoliation significantly increase the strength of concrete. In our opinion, low-layer graphene has better prospects since it is cheaper and its production technology is environmentally friendly. The viability and future of graphene largely depends on the availability of such a method that allows mass production of high-quality graphene at an affordable price. In this regard, liquid- phase separation of graphit

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12

Jiříčková, Adéla, Ondřej Jankovský, Zdeněk Sofer, and David Sedmidubský. "Synthesis and Applications of Graphene Oxide." Materials 15, no. 3 (2022): 920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15030920.

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Thanks to the unique properties of graphite oxides and graphene oxide (GO), this material has become one of the most promising materials that are widely studied. Graphene oxide is not only a precursor for the synthesis of thermally or chemically reduced graphene: researchers revealed a huge amount of unique optical, electronic, and chemical properties of graphene oxide for many different applications. In this review, we focus on the structure and characterization of GO, graphene derivatives prepared from GO and GO applications. We describe GO utilization in environmental applications, medical

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13

Cao, Ning, and Yuan Zhang. "Study of Reduced Graphene Oxide Preparation by Hummers’ Method and Related Characterization." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/168125.

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As a novel two-dimensional carbon material, graphene has fine potential applications in the fields of electron transfer agent and supercapacitor material for its excellent electronic and optical property. However, the challenge is to synthesize graphene in a bulk quantity. In this paper, graphite oxide was prepared from natural flake graphite by Hummers’ method through liquid oxidization, and the reduced graphene oxide was obtained by chemical reduction of graphene oxide using NH3·H2O aqueous solution and hydrazine hydrate. The raw material graphite, graphite oxide, and reduced graphene oxide

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14

Abaszade, R. G. "Synthesis and analysis of flakes graphene oxide." Journal of Optoelectronic and Biomedical Materials 14, no. 3 (2022): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/jobm.2022.143.107.

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The presented article is devoted to the synthesis and analysis of flakes graphene oxide obtained by the Hammers method. The synthesized flakes graphene oxide was studied using SEM, EDX, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, element analysis, temperature dependent of resistance and IR spectroscopy. As a result of calculating the results of X-ray analysis according to the Debye-Scherer’s formula, the thickness of graphite flakes was about 12,9nm and the number of layers was 38. The result of the Raman analysis show that high quality flakes grapheme oxide was obtained. Based on the result of ele

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P, Kavya, Soorya V. S, and Binitha N. Narayanan. "Ball-Mill Assisted Green One-Pot Synthesis of ZnO/Graphene Nanocomposite for Selective Electrochemical Sensing of aquatic pollutant 4-nitrophenol." Teknomekanik 4, no. 2 (2021): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/teknomekanik.v4i2.10872.

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ZnO, having good transparency, high electron mobility and lower electrical noise, is an excellent material for electrochemical studies. Due to its high surface area and electrical conductivity, graphene is well suitable for the good dispersion of metal oxides for electronic/electrochemical applications. Graphene prevents particle agglomeration, whereas the addition of metal oxide prevents layer restacking in graphene. The bulk preparation of graphene via cost-effective and green methods are preferred. The aromatic conjugated π-network along the whole surface is not attained in large scale grap

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16

Drewniak, Sabina Elżbieta, Roksana Muzyka, and Łukasz Drewniak. "The structure of thermally reduced graphene oxide." Photonics Letters of Poland 12, no. 2 (2020): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v12i2.1021.

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The paper focused on the description of the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) structure. This material is obtained from a multistage production process. Each of these stages has a large impact on its structure (the number and type of functional groups, number of defect or the size of the flakes), and this in turn affects its properties. We would like to visualize the reduced graphene oxide, both using a diagram showing the atomic structure, as well as by imaging using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In the paper, the elementary composition of selected elements

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17

Loryuenyong, Vorrada, Krit Totepvimarn, Passakorn Eimburanapravat, Wanchai Boonchompoo, and Achanai Buasri. "Preparation and Characterization of Reduced Graphene Oxide Sheets via Water-Based Exfoliation and Reduction Methods." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/923403.

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This research studied the synthesis of graphene oxide and graphene via a low-cost manufacturing method. The process started with the chemical oxidation of commercial graphite powder into graphite oxide by modified Hummer’s method, followed by the exfoliation of graphite oxide in distilled water using the ultrasound frequency from a laboratory ultrasonic bath. Finally, the oxygen functional groups on exfoliated graphite oxide or graphene oxide were eliminated by stirring in hot distilled water at 95°C, as a replacement for highly toxic and dangerously unstable hydrazine. The results assured tha

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18

Mai, Tam Thanh, Nhan Thuc Chi Ha, and Huy Thuc Ha. "A new method to exfoliate Graphite oxide and application for synthesis Graphene by chemical method." Science and Technology Development Journal 17, no. 2 (2014): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v17i2.1312.

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A new method to separate graphite oxide (GO) modified by polyethylene oxide (PEO) by the aid of ultrasonic radiation was developed. Modified GO (graphene oxide or single layer of graphite oxide) did not show not appear crystalline peak (d002) on the X-Ray and took the form of a single layer graphene oxide on the image AFM and TEM. The exfoliated graphene oxide was reduced (RGO) to graphene by the reducing agent system HI – Acetic acid (HI-AcOH). The sheet resistance of RGOHI-AcOH is about 120 Ω/sq in the form graphene paper. In addition, FTIR, UV-Vis and Raman spectra showed more clearly about

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19

Yu, Hui Jiang, Zheng Guang Zou, Fei Long, Chun Yan Xie, and Hao Ma. "Preparation of Graphene with Ultrasound-Assisted in the Process of Oxidation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 1784–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.1784.

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To get single-layer of graphene, exfoliating fully intercalated graphite oxide into single- layer graphene oxide is one of the important factors. In this paper, graphite oxide prepared by the Improved Hummers Method, and ultrasound was added to the Low-temperature Reaction of this oxidation process to improve the efficiency of intercalation. Then the obtained graphene oxide was dispersed with surfactant and reduced with Hydrazine Hydrate. XRD patterns indicated that the layer distance of graphite oxide did increased at the aid of the ultrasound, and the obtained reduced products were single- a

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20

Lv, Ya Nan, Jian Fang Wang, Yin Long, Cheng An Tao, Lin Xia, and Hui Zhu. "How Graphene Layers Depend on Drying Methods of Graphene Oxide." Advanced Materials Research 554-556 (July 2012): 597–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.597.

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Abstract: Graphite oxide is of great importance in preparing graphene, the average layer of graphene depends on that of graphene oxide in some extent. In this paper, we prepared graphite oxide via H3PO4/H2SO4mixed acid, then which were dried by vacuum drying in a freezer dryer and drying oven respectively, the graphite oxide powder and thin film were obtained correspondingly. After dispersing the above two forms of graphite oxide in water by shaking, stirring or supersonic wave, they were reduced in the same condition. According to the XRD, AFM results, vacuum freeze-drying was inclined to gai

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Minitha, Cherukutty Ramakrishnan, and Ramasamy Thangavelu Rajendrakumar. "Synthesis and Characterization of Reduced Graphene Oxide." Advanced Materials Research 678 (March 2013): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.678.56.

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Reduced graphene oxide is an excellent candidate for various electronic devices such as high performance gas sensors. In this work Graphene oxide was prepared by oxidizing graphite to form graphite oxide. From XRD analysis the peak around 11.5o confirmed that the oxygen was intercalated into graphite. By using hydrazine hydrate, the epoxy group in graphite oxide was reduced then the solution of reduced graphite oxide (rGO) is exfoliated. Raman spectrum of rGO contains both G band (1580 cm-1), D band (1350 cm-1). The remarkable structural changes reveals that reduction of graphene oxide from th

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Chen, Dong Zhi, and Xue Mei Lin. "Preparation of Graphene by Green Reduction Method and Characterization." Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.515.

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Graphite oxide was prepared by Hummers method and got graphene oxide by ultrasonic dispersion in water, and using a cheap and environment-friendly fructose as reductant, graphene oxide could be reduced into graphene under mild condition. Meanwhile, the structure and morphology of obtained product was characterized and analyzed by testing methods such as Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Laser Raman spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscope and so on. In addition, the electrical conductivity of obtained graphene was determinated.The experimental results show that

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Kamisan, Ainnur Izzati, Lili Widarti Zainuddin, Ainnur Sherene Kamisan, et al. "Ultrasonic Assisted Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide in Glucose Solution." Key Engineering Materials 708 (September 2016): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.708.25.

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A new carbon material viz. graphene has been attracted an increasing research interest owing to its unique electrical and mechanical properties that is useful for the various device applications. The synthesis of graphene from graphene oxide usually involves harmful chemical reducing agents that are toxic and undesirable to human and the environment. By avoiding the use of toxic and environmentally harmful reductants, we report a green approach to effectively reduce graphene oxide to graphene in glucose solution at room temperature. Graphite oxide was synthesized from graphite powder using mod

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N. Bonnia, N., A. Z. Zanuri, N. A. Asli, et al. "Synthesis of Graphene Oxide from Waste Carbon Tyre using Modified Hummer’s Method." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.14 (2019): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.14.27673.

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Recently, graphene was produced from graphite powder using chemical vapour deposition (CVD) or Hummer’s method. Graphene is widely used in many applications and give a lot of advantages for industry. In this study, graphene oxide was synthesized from waste carbon tyre using modified Hummer’s method. This green technology turned waste material to wealth. The morphology and structural properties of the graphene oxide were investigated using Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Raman analysis was confirmed that graphene oxide was s

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Kane, Aichata, Ivaylo Hinkov, Ovidiu Brinza, et al. "One-Step Synthesis of Graphene, Copper and Zinc Oxide Graphene Hybrids via Arc Discharge: Experiments and Modeling." Coatings 10, no. 4 (2020): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10040308.

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In this paper, we report on a modified arc process to synthetize graphene, copper and zinc oxide graphene hybrids. The anode was made of pure graphite or graphite mixed with metals or metal oxides. After applying a controlled direct current, plasma is created in the interelectrode region and the anode is consumed by eroding. Continuous and abundant flux of small carbon, zinc or copper species, issued from the anode at a relatively high temperature, flows through the plasma and condenses in the vicinity of a water-cooled cathode leading to few-layered graphene sheets and highly ordered carbon s

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Lei, Yun, Jun Xu, Rong Li, and Fei Fei Chen. "Acidification Assisted Preparation of Graphite Oxide and Graphene." Advanced Materials Research 988 (July 2014): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.988.36.

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Graphite oxide was prepared by acidification assisted Hummers method, which contains acidification, medium temperature and high-temperature three stages. Traditional Hummers low-temperature process was replaced by acidification process. The dosages of acid, graphite and potassium permanganate were investigated, and the produced graphite oxide was treated by ultrasonic oscillation and reduced to graphene by refluxing the reaction mixture at 100°C under open-air conditions. The structure of natural graphite, graphite oxide and graphene were characterized by X-ray diffractometry and infrared spec

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Kamisan, Ainnur Izzati, Ainnur Sherene Kamisan, Ruslinda Md Ali, et al. "Synthesis of Graphene via Green Reduction of Graphene Oxide with Simple Sugars." Advanced Materials Research 1107 (June 2015): 542–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1107.542.

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A new carbon material called graphene has been attracting an increasing research interest owing to its unique electrical and mechanical properties that is useful for the various device applications. The synthesis of graphene from graphene oxide usually involves harmful chemical reducing agents that are toxic and undesirable to human and the environment. By avoiding the use of toxic and environmentally harmful reductants, we report a green approach for the reduction of graphene oxide by using reducing sugars to synthesis graphene. Graphite oxide was synthesized from graphite powder using modifi

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Drewniak, Sabina Elżbieta, and Łukasz Drewniak. "The influence of the type of graphite on the size of reduced graphene oxide." Photonics Letters of Poland 14, no. 2 (2022): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v14i2.1153.

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Reduced graphene oxide is a very attractive material for sensor applications. It exhibits high conductivity at room temperature and high specific surface area. Since it can be produced in many ways, its properties can be influenced by the fabrication method. In this paper, we investigated the influence of graphite precursors (flake, scalar and synthetic) on the size of reduced graphene oxide. We have shown that the size of the precursor determines the size of the obtained rGO. We have noted that the larger graphite size, the larger rGO size. Full Text: PDF ReferencesR. Peng, Y. Li, T. Liu et a

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Li, Pei Pei, and Bao Xiang Deng. "Research on Carbon Materials with Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene-Based." Advanced Materials Research 1003 (July 2014): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1003.100.

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Carbon materials has been a popular application materials, especially in graphene. Graphene, the mother of all graphitic materials, has emerged to become an exciting two-dimensional material with wondrous properties. Atomic and electronic structures of graphene have been investigated by employing a variety of micro-scopic, spectroscopic, and other techniques. The results show it has better thermal stability, and larger surface area than graphite, graphite oxide. Keywords: graphite; oxidation-reduction method; graphite oxide; graphene

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Andrijanto, Eko, Gatot Subiyanto, Nina Marlina, Hanifa Citra, and Cahya Lintang. "Preparation of Graphene Oxide Sand Composites as Super Adsorbent for Water Purification Application." MATEC Web of Conferences 156 (2018): 05019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815605019.

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This paper describes a method to synthesize a graphene oxide sand composites (GSC) as filter media (absorbent) for water purification. Graphene oxides is synthesized from graphite using modification of Hummer's method. The graphene oxide sand composites is prepared through solution method at 100 °C. The graphene oxide is analyzed using XRD, FTIR to confirm its formation. The FTIR spectrum and XRD diffraction pattern confirmed that the graphene oxide synthesized by this method is able to convert graphite into graphene oxide. Performance tests were conducted using a column to purify contaminated

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Iakunkov, Artem, and Alexandr V. Talyzin. "Swelling properties of graphite oxides and graphene oxide multilayered materials." Nanoscale 12, no. 41 (2020): 21060–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr04931j.

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Swelling defines graphite oxides and multilayered graphene oxides. It is a key property of GO in applications which involve sorption from vapors, immersion into liquid water or polar solvents and solution based chemical reactions.

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Bastiurea, Marian, Dumitru Dima, and Gabriel Andrei. "Effect of Graphene Oxide and Graphite on Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Polyester Composites." Materiale Plastice 55, no. 1 (2018): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.18.1.4973.

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Graphene oxide and graphite filled polyester composites were prepared by using conventional melt-mixing methods in order to improve tribological performance of polyester. It was investigated friction stability, microhardness, friction coefficient, and specific wear rate of the composites in details. It was found that the presence of graphite and graphene oxide influenced friction coefficient and wear rate of the composites. Graphene oxide decreased wear rate with increasing of test speed and graphite decreased wear rate for composite for all speeds. Tribological performance of the polyester/gr

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Evseev, Zakhar Ivanovich, Fedora Dmitrievna Vasileva, Svetlana Afanasyevna Smagulova, and Petr Stanislavovich Dmitriev. "Highly Washable and Conductive Cotton E-textiles Based on Electrochemically Exfoliated Graphene." Materials 16, no. 3 (2023): 958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16030958.

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In this study, cotton e-textiles were obtained using two types of graphene oxide. The first type of graphene oxide was synthesized using the Hummers’ method. The second type was obtained by the electrochemical exfoliation of graphite in an ammonium salt solution. It was shown that e-textiles based on electrochemically exfoliated graphene have a higher electrical conductivity (2 kΩ/sq) than e-textiles based on graphene oxide obtained by the Hummers’ method (585 kΩ/sq). In addition, textiles based on electrochemically exfoliated graphene exhibit better washing and mechanical stress stability. Th

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Lakshani, S. D. M., D. B. H. I. Bandara, R. C. L. De Silva, A. M. K. L. Abeykoon, M. H. T. Dulaj, and I. R. M. Kottegoda. "Mass scale production and purification of graphite oxide from Sri Lankan vein graphite and spectroscopic characterization." Sri Lankan Journal of Physics 24, no. 2 (2023): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljp.v24i2.8134.

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Discovery of graphene has enhanced attention on industrial scale production of graphene using natural graphite which involves oxidation followed by reduction processes. Aiming for the first time, mass scale production of graphite oxide from Sri Lankan vein graphite of natural purity 99.5% carbon, following an improved Hummer’s method was experimented at optimized conditions minimizing chemical, energy and time wastage. The present study further aimed at determination of pH and manganese ions on successive purification processes of graphite oxide. The X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Fouri

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Miao, Zheng, Rong Xia Zhu, and Li Xia Zhang. "Research on Preparation and Morphology of GO and GO/Fe₃O₄ Composite." Materials Science Forum 1026 (April 2021): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1026.117.

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Graphite oxide was prepared from 325 mesh graphite (G) in this paper with methods of Hummers method,sulphuric/phosphoric acid method and reaction kettle method, the Graphene Oxides (GO) were obtained with ultrasonic treatment. Then Fe3O4 particles of two different proportions and hydrazine hydrate were introduced into one of the GO to obtain GO/Fe3O4 composites. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to characterize the G,the obtained graphite oxide and GO/Fe3O4 respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the obtained GO and GO/ Fe3O4 composites.The results show that th

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Liu, Li Lai, Mao Zhong An, Shan Chao Xing, Xiao Jun Shen, Chen Yang, and Xin Long Xu. "Preparation of Graphene Oxide Based on Expanded Graphite." Advanced Materials Research 881-883 (January 2014): 1083–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.881-883.1083.

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Graphene oxide with high degree of oxidation and peelable has been prepared by two-step oxidation method used large flake graphite. The expanded graphite was prepared firstly and then prepared graphene oxide via further oxidation. The influence of oxidation time, oxidant dosage and high temperature reaction on the structure and degree of oxidation were studied. The morphology and structure of graphene oxide were characterized by X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectra, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. It was found that high degree of oxidation an

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Thema, F. T., M. J. Moloto, E. D. Dikio, et al. "Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene Thin Films by Chemical Reduction of Exfoliated and Intercalated Graphite Oxide." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/150536.

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Commercial flakes of graphite were prepared into functionalized graphene oxide (GO) by chemical treatment. After the exfoliation and intercalation of graphene into functionalized graphene oxide that formed stable colloidal dispersion in polar aprotic solvent, the reduction process was undertaken by continuous stirring with hydrazine hydrate. The reduced material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflectance (ATR) FT-IR, ultraviolet visible (UV-vis), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy which confirm the oxidation of graphite and reduction of graphen

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Chong, S. W., Chin Wei Lai, Sharifah Bee Abd Hamid, F. W. Low, and Wei Wen Liu. "Simple Preparation of Exfoliated Graphene Oxide Sheets via Simplified Hummer’s Method." Advanced Materials Research 1109 (June 2015): 390–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1109.390.

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Today, research on graphene and other two-dimensional sp2-hybridized carbon nanomaterials has tremendously impacted the areas of modern chemistry, physics, and materials science and engineering. The significant attraction of these materials can be attributed to the outstanding electrical, optical, electrochemical, and mechanical properties of graphene-like materials, especially in comparison to other carbon materials. In this manner, graphene oxide as a substrate for graphene-like materials reduction process is getting more and more interesting. Although early routes to these materials were ch

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Nasir, Salisu, Mohd Zobir Hussein, Zulkarnain Zainal, and Nor Azah Yusof. "Development of New Carbon-Based Electrode Material from Oil Palm Waste-Derived Reduced Graphene Oxide and Its Capacitive Performance Evaluation." Journal of Nanomaterials 2019 (November 29, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1970365.

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This paper is an expansion of our previous work on the synthesis of graphene oxides and reduced graphene oxides from different kinds of oil palm waste-based feedstocks, namely, OPL (oil palm leaf), PKS (palm kernel shell), and EFB (empty fruit bunch). Here, the electrochemical measurements of the resulting reduced graphene oxides derived via mild-temperature annealing reduction of the graphene oxides were accomplished using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge processes. The findings put forward their promising features for supercapacitor applications. For instance, the reduce

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N, Thangaraj. "Investigation on Structural, Optical, and Thermal Properties of Graphene Oxide (GO) Nanoparticles." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 04 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem30191.

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The aim of the study , A nanoparticles of graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized by modified Hummer’s method. A new approach to synthesis graphene is oxidizing graphite powder with mixture with concentrated Sulphuric acid (H2SO4), Sodium Nitrate (Na NO3) and Potassium permanganate (KMnO4), Currently,an improved method for the preparation of graphene Oxide was most common one. The Graphene Oxide (GO) was characterized by X-Ray diffractration, FT-IR Spectroscopy, UV Visible Spectroscopy , Raman Spectroscopy and TGA analysis. The X-ray diffractration (XRD) results of Graphene oxide nanoparticles was

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Habte, Adere Tarekegne, and Delele Worku Ayele. "Synthesis and Characterization of Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) Started from Graphene Oxide (GO) Using the Tour Method with Different Parameters." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (August 15, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5058163.

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A new approach to synthesize graphene is oxidizing graphite powder with a mixture of H2SO4/H3PO4 acids and potassium permanganate. Parameters such as reaction time, reaction temperature, and amount of concentration were varied to study the degree of oxidation of graphite to graphene oxide. Currently, an improved method for the preparation of graphene oxide was the most common one. A mixture of H2SO4/H3PO4 (9 : 1 volume ratio) instead of only H2SO4 resulted in increased hydrophilic and oxidized GO without the emission of toxic gas, which differs from the traditional Hummers’ method. The graphen

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Altuntepe, Ali, Selahattin Çelik, and Recep Zan. "Optimizing Hydrogen Storage and Fuel Cell Performance Using Carbon-Based Materials: Insights into Pressure and Surface Area Effects." Hydrogen 6, no. 2 (2025): 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen6020022.

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Efficient hydrogen storage is critical for advancing hydrogen-based technologies. This study investigates the effects of pressure and surface area on hydrogen storage in three carbon-based materials: graphite, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide. Hydrogen adsorption–desorption experiments under pressures ranging from 1 to 9 bar revealed nonlinear storage capacity responses, with optimal performance at around 5 bar. The specific surface area plays a pivotal role, with reduced graphene oxide and exhibiting a surface area of 70.31 m2/g, outperforming graphene oxide (33.75 m2/g) and graphit

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Doloksaribu, Maryati, Makmur Sirait, Erniwati Halawa, and Mukti Hamjah Harahap. "Supercapacitors from Reduced Graphene Oxide Material." Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA 11, no. 4 (2025): 202–8. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i4.11027.

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Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has been chemically synthesized from graphite powder. Graphite powder is oxidized using a strong oxidizing compound to obtain graphite oxide, this process is called the Hummer Method. Graphite oxide is dispersed using an ultrasonic vibrator to peel off the graphite oxide layer and become graphene oxide. The epoxy group in graphite oxide is reduced using 80 wt% hydrazine compound at temperatures of 70????, 80 and 90????C to obtain reduced graphene oxide. Then rGO is characterized using Uv-Vis spectroscopy, and FTIR. The Uv-Vis spectrum shows that the absorbance of r

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NAEEM, Nida, Mudassar ABBAS, and Mumtaz Hasan MALIK. "GRAPHENE/GRAPHENE OXIDE BASED COATINGS FOR ADVANCED TEXTILE APPLICATIONS." TEXTEH Proceedings 2019 (November 5, 2019): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/tt.2019.31.

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Today, graphene oxide has been significantly used in many technological sectors, medical sectors as well in textiles due to its abundant applications and dominant characteristics. Graphene oxide is basically a mono layered material synthesized by the oxidation of graphite by the addition of multiple functional groups containing oxygen such as alcohols, carboxylic acids and epoxides and presenting a 2-diamentional honeycomb structure. On the textile surfaces the grapheme oxide can be applied through Pad dry-cure, Dip dry-cure and Spray coating methods. However, the most appropriate method is di

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Wang, Ziming, Yiyang Cao, Decai Pan, and Sen Hu. "Vertically Aligned and Interconnected Graphite and Graphene Oxide Networks Leading to Enhanced Thermal Conductivity of Polymer Composites." Polymers 12, no. 5 (2020): 1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12051121.

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Natural graphite flakes possess high theoretical thermal conductivity and can notably enhance the thermal conductive property of polymeric composites. Currently, because of weak interaction between graphite flakes, it is hard to construct a three-dimensional graphite network to achieve efficient heat transfer channels. In this study, vertically aligned and interconnected graphite skeletons were prepared with graphene oxide serving as bridge and support via freeze-casting method. Three freezing temperatures were utilized, and the resulting graphite and graphene oxide network was filled in a pol

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Balabanov, R., Tatyana Dyachkova, D. Strogonov, Anna Fedyushkina, and Julia Beheleva. "THE EFFECT OF THE INTRODUCTION OF GRAPHENE OXIDE INTO THE COMPOSITION OF CARBON GRAPHITE MATERIAL ON ITS PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES." Transaction Kola Science Centre 15, no. 1 (2024): 24–28. https://doi.org/10.37614/2949-1215.2024.15.1.003.

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In this work the influence of graphene oxide introduction on physical and mechanical properties of antifriction material was investigated. Fine-grained graphite, natural graphite, coal pitch and graphene oxide were used as initial components. The technique of obtaining samples included preliminary crushing of raw materials, preparation of charge, hot mixing, preparation of press powder, pressing and firing. The physical and mechanical characteristics of experimental samples were compared: apparent density, compressive strength, volumetric shrinkage and mass change after firing. It is shown tha

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Soni, Jay, Ayushi Sethiya, Nusrat Sahiba, Mahendra Singh Dhaka, and Shikha Agarwal. "New Insights into the Microstructural Analysis of Graphene Oxide." Current Organic Synthesis 18, no. 4 (2021): 388–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570179418666210113162124.

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Aim and Objective: To explore the impact of synthesis conditions (temperature and time) on the properties of developed Graphene Oxide (GO). Background: A highly promising approach has been used for the synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) from graphite flakes using the modified Hummers method. Concentrated sulfuric acid was used as an intercalating agent and the oxidation was done with the help of potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide. Methods: The present method does not need expensive membranes for the filtration of Carbon and metalcontaining residues. The pre-cooling method is used to er

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Piñas, Jean A. V., Tatiana S. Andrade, Andreia T. Oliveira, et al. "Production of Reduced Graphene Oxide Platelets from Graphite Flakes Using the Fenton Reaction as an Alternative to Harmful Oxidizing Agents." Journal of Nanomaterials 2019 (January 9, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5736563.

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The conventional chemical methods to produce graphene using strong oxidizing agents produce toxic gases during synthesis; therefore, these methods do not meet the principles of green chemistry. In this work, an alternative top-down method for the synthesis of a few layers of graphene sheets has been produced by a Fenton reaction- (a mixture of Fe2+/H2O2) assisted exfoliation process in water using graphite flakes as a starting material. Based on X-ray diffraction data and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy measurements, it is proposed th

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Huang, Qiao, Hong Juan Sun, and Tong Jiang Peng. "The Influence of Temperature and Oxidation Time on the Preparation of Graphite Oxide." Advanced Materials Research 366 (October 2011): 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.366.291.

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Graphite oxide samples with different oxidation levels were prepared by the oxidation of natural flake graphite based on a modified Hummers method, using different reaction temperatures and oxidation times followed by ultrasonication then centrifugation to obtain the corresponding graphene oxide nanosheet suspensions. The samples were characterized by XRD and AFM. The results show that the oxidation level of graphite oxide samples can be increased by increasing either the reaction temperature or the oxidation time. Well-dispersed suspensions of the graphite oxide samples can be formed in alkal

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T, Remyamol, Pramod Gopinath, and Honey John. "Phenylenediamine functionalized reduced graphene oxide/polyaniline hybrid: synthesis, characterization, improved conductivity and photocurrent generation." RSC Adv. 4, no. 56 (2014): 29901–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra03155e.

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Phenylenediamine functionalized reduced graphene oxide (GONH2) is designed and synthesized for the preparation of a polyaniline/reduced graphene oxide hybrid having better interactions than that of the unfunctionalized graphite oxide/polyaniline hybrid.

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