Relevant bibliographies by topics / Graphite cathode

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Graphite cathode'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Graphite cathode"

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Wang, Yita, and Boyou Lin. "Enhancement of performance for graphite felt modified with carbon nanotubes activated by KOH as Cathode in electro-fenton systems." Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials 19 (January 2021): 228080002110053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/22808000211005386.

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The electro-Fenton (EF) process is one of the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Graphite felt is widely used as an cathode material for the EF process, and its performance can be improved by surface modification. Active carbon nanotubes (ACNTs) have more oxygen-containing functional groups and better electrochemical properties compared to Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). In this study, graphite felt was used as the substrate, and composite cathodes were prepared by surface treatment using MWCNT, graphene, and ACNTs. Rhodamine B (RhB) dye decolorization tests were then conducted to investigate the degradation performance of the EF system with different cathodes. The results showed that based on the micromorphology of ACNT, the tubular form of MWCNT was activated into a GR-like flake structure, it was also found that the strength of the oxygen-containing functional groups of ACNT improved significantly. The activated MWCNT/C cathode exhibited a 60-min decolorization rate of 77.28% compared to the unactivated MWCNT/C cathode, whereas the decolorization rate of the ACNT/C cathode increased to 85.01% after activation, which was close to that of the GR/C cathode at 88.55%. In summary, the ACNT/C cathode exhibited degradation efficiency comparable to that of the GR/C cathode.
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Drennan, Dina M., Raji E. Koshy, David B. Gent, and Charles E. Schaefer. "Electrochemical treatment for greywater reuse: effects of cell configuration on COD reduction and disinfection byproduct formation and removal." Water Supply 19, no. 3 (2018): 891–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2018.138.

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Abstract Electrochemical (EC) treatment presents a low-energy, water-reuse strategy with potential application to decentralized greywater treatment. This study focused on evaluating the impacts of cell configuration, current density, and cathode material on chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation in greywater. The formation and/or cathodic removal of active chlorine, perchlorate, haloacetic acids, and trihalomethanes were assessed during EC treatment. DBP formation was proportional to current density in undivided EC cells. Sequential anodic-cathodic treatment in divided EC cells resulted in COD removal in the catholyte and anolyte. The anodic COD removal rate (using a mixed metal-oxide anode) was greater than the cathodic removal rate employing boron-doped diamond (BDD) or graphite cathodes, but anodic and cathodic COD removal was similar when a stainless-steel cathode was used. The overall energy demand required for 50% COD removal was 24% less in the divided cells using the graphite or BDD cathodes (13 W-h L−1) compared to undivided cells (20 W-h L−1). Perchlorate formation was observed in undivided experiments (>50 μg/L), but not detected in divided experiments. While haloacetic acids (HAAs) and trihalomethanes (THMs) were generated anodically; they were removed on the cathode surface in the divided cell. These results suggest that divided configurations provide potential to mitigate DBPs in water reuse applications.
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Roy, Amitava, R. Menon, Vishnu Sharma, Ankur Patel, Archana Sharma, and D. P. Chakravarthy. "Features of 200 kV, 300 ns reflex triode vircator operation for different explosive emission cathodes." Laser and Particle Beams 31, no. 1 (2012): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026303461200095x.

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AbstractTo study the effect of explosive field emission cathodes on high power microwave generation, experiments were conducted on a reflex triode virtual cathode oscillator. Experimental results with cathodes made of graphite, stainless steel nails, and carbon fiber (needle type) are presented. The experiments have been performed at the 1 kJ Marx generator (200 kV, 300 ns, and 9 kA). The experimentally obtained electron beam diode perveance has been compared with the one-dimensional Child-Langmuir law. The cathode plasma expansion velocity has been calculated from the perveance data. It was found that the carbon fiber cathode has the lowest cathode plasma expansion velocity of 1.7 cm/μs. The radiated high power microwave has maximum field strength and pulse duration for the graphite cathode. It was found that the reflex triode virtual cathode oscillator radiates a single microwave frequency with the multiple needle cathodes for a shorter (<200 ns full width at half maximum) voltage pulse duration.
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Hares, Essam, Ahmed Hassan El-Shazly, Marwa Farouk El-Kady, Kholoud Madih, Hamdiya Orleans-Boham, and Abdallah Yousef Mohammed Ali. "Anodic Aqueous Electrophoretic Deposition of Graphene Oxide on Copper Using Different Cathode Materials." Materials Science Forum 1008 (August 2020): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1008.21.

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The effect of four different cathode materials on the anodic deposition of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets was studied experimentally. First, synthesis of graphite oxide from graphite powder was done by modified Hummers' method. Ultrasonic technique was adopted for the preparation of the stable aqueous suspension of GO by using liquid exfoliation of graphite oxide. Deposition of GO coating on copper sheets (the anode) was done via electrophoretic deposition (EPD) at the same operating condition (5V, 2 min, concentration of 0.5 mg/ml of GO per deionized water) with different cathode materials (copper, stainless steel, aluminum and graphite). The coatings’ morphological and microstructure were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the effect of the current density in the EPD process was obtained. The change in the deposition weight was also measured. It was ascertained that the cathode’s material is a major factor can affect the GO’s EPD process and the characteristics of the final coating.
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Chuan, Jun Bing, Hong Wan, Jie Yang, and Fan Zhou. "Microstructure Characterization of Graphite Cathodes for Explosive Field-Emission." Applied Mechanics and Materials 248 (December 2012): 268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.248.268.

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Explosive field-emission graphite has the advantages of low cost, long lifetime, low outgassing rate and can operate stably at a large number of pulses, thus it has become an important candidate for repetition frequency, long-pulse high-power microwave (HPM) devices. In this paper, two types of graphite cathodes with different microstructures are investigated on their explosive field-emission properties. These cathodes are operated in a vacuum diode system at a voltage of 230 kV and a pulse duration of ~110 ns. The study reveals that the graphite cathode with smaller, cross-linked grains generates higher current at shorter current risetime compared to the cathode with larger grains. Furthermore, the microstructure defect regions of the graphite cathodes are more susceptible to destruction than the perfect microcrystalline regions during explosive emission process due to the combination effects of explosion of surface microprotrusions and Joule heating.
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Vázquez-Larios, A. L., O. Solorza-Feria, R. de G. González-Huerta, et al. "Effect of Two Anodic Materials and RuxMoySez as a Cathode Catalyst on the Performance of Two Singlw Chamber Microbial Fuel Cells." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 16, no. 3 (2013): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v16i3.6.

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The objectives of this work were to evaluate (i) the application of a bimetallic chalcogenide, RuxMoySez, as an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst and (ii) the effect of the type of two anodic materials on the performance of two microbial fuel cells (MFCs). A single chamber MFC-T was built with a plexiglass cylinder, the two extreme circular faces were fitted with PEM-cathode assemblage, i.e., left and right faces. The anode consisted of 65 small triangular pieces of graphite filling the anodic chamber. A second MFC-C had a ‘sandwich’ arrangement anode-PEM-cathode. The cathodes were made of ?exible carbon-cloth containing catalysts loading of 1mg/cm2 RuxMoySez or 0.5mg/cm2 Pt. Power derived by cell T with cathode chalcogenide catalyst was 43% inferior to that of a similar cell with Pt although the cost of the first catalyst is significantly lower than that of Pt, i.e., 73% lower. Finally, application of graphite anode made of small triangular pieces significantly improved the performance of a MFC-T that used RuxMoySez as a cathodic catalyst for ORR.
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Fitriana, Hana Nur, Jiye Lee, Sangmin Lee, et al. "Surface Modification of a Graphite Felt Cathode with Amide-Coupling Enhances the Electron Uptake of Rhodobacter sphaeroides." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (2021): 7585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167585.

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Microbial electrosynthesis (MES) is a promising technology platform for the production of chemicals and fuels from CO2 and external conducting materials (i.e., electrodes). In this system, electroactive microorganisms, called electrotrophs, serve as biocatalysts for cathodic reaction. While several CO2-fixing microorganisms can reduce CO2 to a variety of organic compounds by utilizing electricity as reducing energy, direct extracellular electron uptake is indispensable to achieve highly energy-efficient reaction. In the work reported here, Rhodobacter sphaeroides, a CO2-fixing chemoautotroph and a potential electroactive bacterium, was adopted to perform a cathodic CO2 reduction reaction via MES. To promote direct electron uptake, the graphite felt cathode was modified with a combination of chitosan and carbodiimide compound. Robust biofilm formation promoted by amide functionality between R. sphaeroides and a graphite felt cathode showed significantly higher faradaic efficiency (98.0%) for coulomb to biomass and succinic acid production than those of the bare (34%) and chitosan-modified graphite cathode (77.8%), respectively. The results suggest that cathode modification using a chitosan/carbodiimide composite may facilitate electron utilization by improving direct contact between an electrode and R. sphaeroides.
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Ilnicka, Anna, Malgorzata Skorupska, Piotr Kamedulski, and Jerzy P. Lukaszewicz. "Electro-Exfoliation of Graphite to Graphene in an Aqueous Solution of Inorganic Salt and the Stabilization of Its Sponge Structure with Poly(Furfuryl Alcohol)." Nanomaterials 9, no. 7 (2019): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9070971.

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We demonstrate an accessible and effective technique for exfoliating graphite foil and graphite powder into graphene in a water solution of inorganic salt. In our research, we report an electrochemical cathodic exfoliation in an aqueous solution of Na2SO4. After electro-exfoliation, the resulting graphene was premixed with furfuryl alcohol (FA) and an inorganic template (CaCO3 and Na2CO3). Once FA was polymerized to poly(furfuryl alcohol) (PFA), the mixture was carbonized. Carbon bridges originating in thermally-decomposed PFA joined exfoliated graphene flakes and stabilized the whole sponge-type structure after the nano-template was removed. Gases evolved at the graphite electrode (cathode) played an important role in the process of graphene-flake splitting and accelerated the change of graphite into graphene flakes. Starting graphite materials and graphene sponges were characterized using Raman spectroscopy, SEM, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), elemental analysis, and low-temperature adsorption of nitrogen to determine their structure, morphology, and chemical composition. The discovered manufacturing protocol had a positive influence on the specific surface area and porosity of the sponges. The SEM and HRTEM studies confirmed a high separation degree of graphite and different agglomeration pathways. Raman spectra were analyzed with particular focus on the intensities of ID and IG peaks; the graphene-type nature of the sponges was confirmed.
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Hou, Yan, Fan Gong Kong, Shou Juan Wang, and Gui Hua Yang. "Novel Gas Diffusion Electrode System for Effective Production of Hydrogen Peroxide." Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (January 2014): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.159.

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Hydrogen peroxide production via cathodic reduction of oxygen on self-made gas diffusion electrode was investigated in an undivided electrochemical system. The effects of mass ratio between graphite and PTFE in cathode, the calcination temperature, current density, pH, and plate distance on hydrogen peroxide generation were discussed. The results showed that the self-made gas diffusion cathode had high catalyze capacity for production of hydrogen peroxide using cathodic oxygen-reducing reaction. The hydrogen peroxide concentration could reach 80.52 mg·L- 1 within 2 h. The optimal conditions for this system are as follows: mass ratio of graphite to PTFE in cathode, 21, calcination temperature, 300 °C, current density,4.69mA/cm2, pH 13.0, and the distance between anode and cathode, 8cm. The high concentration of hydrogen peroxide generated gives a promising application of this novel gas diffusion electrode system in pulp bleaching and waste-water treatment.
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Abeywardana, Maheeka Yapa, Nina Laszczynski, Matthias Kuenzel, Dominic Bresser, Stefano Passerini, and Brett Lucht. "Increased Cycling Performance of Li-Ion Batteries by Phosphoric Acid Modified LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathodes in the Presence of LiBOB." International Journal of Electrochemistry 2019 (July 4, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8636540.

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LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO), which has an operating voltage of 4.8 vs Li/Li+ and a theoretical capacity of 147 mAh g−1, is an interesting cathode material for advanced lithium ion batteries. However, electrolyte decomposition at the electrode can gradually decrease the capacity of the battery. In this study, the surface of the LNMO cathode has been modified with phosphoric acid (PA) to improve the capacity of the LNMO/graphite full cell. Modification of LNMO cathodes by PA is confirmed by surface analysis. Additionally, the presence of lithium bis-(oxalato) borate (LiBOB) as an electrolyte additive further enhances the performance of PA modified LNMO/graphite cells. The improved performance of PA modified cathodes and electrolytes containing LiBOB can be attributed to the suppressed Mn and Ni deposition on the anode. Elemental analysis suggests that the Mn and Ni dissolution is significantly reduced compared to unmodified LNMO/graphite cells with standard electrolyte.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Graphite cathode"

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Kandah, Munther. "Particles emission control at graphite cathode in arc ion plating deposition." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35434.

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In this work, the dependence of the vacuum arc spot velocity on physical and electrical properties of different graphite cathode materials is investigated in the presence of a variable magnetic field. A pulsed arc system is used to perform preliminary experiments on the arc mobility for the different types of graphite for the selection of proper material morphology and the design of a continuous vacuum arc system. The characteristics of arc mobility, erosion rate, and carbon ion flux emitted from the continuous carbon source are then evaluated in view of particle-free diamond-like protective coatings. Results show that the arc spot velocity on graphite cathodes is larger on cathodes having larger grain size, lower electrical resistivity and higher apparent density. The spot velocity is also lower for cathodes having larger pore sizes and total porosity. The arc spot velocity is also found to be increased by increasing the magnetic field intensity over the surface of any graphite type. Reduced residence time of the spot on a given site of the cathode resulting from arc velocity increase should lead to a reduction in the heat load input in the cathode spot. This correlates with results on the number of emitted particles, the film thickness and roughness, and the erosion rate that are found to decrease, while the ion flux emission is increased. Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films free of particles are produced in a continuous arc ion plating (AIP) system. The ion energy in the continuous AIP system is found to vary with the graphite surface properties and the intensity of a plasma confining magnetic field in front of the cathode. The ion energies measured vary between 39.8 eV to 62.6 eV.
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Kandah, Munther Issa. "Particles emission control at graphite cathode in arc ion plating deposition." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ55420.pdf.

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Hagiwara, Rika. "A study on the graphite fluoride cathode in nonaqueous lithium cell." Kyoto University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/74675.

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Wang, Gang, Steffen Oswald, Markus Löffler, Klaus Müllen, and Xinliang Feng. "Beyond Activated Carbon: Graphite‐Cathode‐Derived Li‐Ion Pseudocapacitors with High Energy and High Power Densities." WILEY‐VCH, 2019. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A34562.

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Supercapacitors have aroused considerable attention due to their high power capability, which enables charge storage/output in minutes or even seconds. However, to achieve a high energy density in a supercapacitor has been a long‐standing challenge. Here, graphite is reported as a high‐energy alternative to the frequently used activated carbon (AC) cathode for supercapacitor application due to its unique Faradaic pseudocapacitive anion intercalation behavior. The graphite cathode manifests both higher gravimetric and volumetric energy density (498 Wh kg−1 and 431.2 Wh l−1) than an AC cathode (234 Wh kg−1 and 83.5 Wh l−1) with peak power densities of 43.6 kW kg−1 and 37.75 kW l−1. A new type of Li‐ion pseudocapacitor (LIpC) is thus proposed and demonstrated with graphite as cathode and prelithiated graphite or Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) as anode. The resultant graphite–graphite LIpCs deliver high energy densities of 167–233 Wh kg−1 at power densities of 0.22–21.0 kW kg−1 (based on active mass in both electrodes), much higher than 20–146 Wh kg−1 of AC‐derived Li‐ion capacitors and 23–67 Wh kg−1 of state‐of‐the‐art metal oxide pseudocapacitors. Excellent rate capability and cycling stability are further demonstrated for LTO‐graphite LIpCs.
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Tekenya, Ronald. "Graphene-modified pencil graphite mercury-film electrodes for the determination of trace metals by cathodic adsorptive stripping voltammetry." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6552.

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>Magister Scientiae - MSc<br>This project focuses on the simple, fast and highly sensitive adsorptive stripping voltammetry detection of Nickel and Cobalt complexed with DMG and Nioxime respectively at a Reduced Graphene Oxide modified pencil graphite electrode in water samples. This research as well demonstrates a novel electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO)/mercury film (MF) nanocomposite modified PGE, prepared through successive electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO) sheets and in-situ plated mercury film. The GO and graphene were characterized using FT-IR, HR-SEM, HR-TEM, XRD and Raman spectroscopy. The FT-IR results supported by Xray diffraction analysis confirmed the inclusion of oxygen moieties within the graphitic structure during the chemical oxidation step. Microscopic and spectroscopic analysis was used to confirm the stackings of graphene on the pencil electrode. The ERGO-PG-MFE, in combination with a complexing agents of [dimethylglyoxime (DMG) and Nioxime] and square-wave cathodic stripping voltammetry (SW-CSV), was evaluated towards the individual determination of Ni2+ and Co2+ respectively and simultaneous determination of both metals from the combination of DMG and Nioxime mixture. A single-step electrode pre-concentration approach was employed for the in-situ Hg-film electroplating, metal-chelate complex formation and its non-electrolytic adsorption at – 0.7 V for the individual analysis of Ni2+ and Co2+. The current response due to metal-ligand(s) complex reduction were studied as a function of experimental variables; deposition/accumulation potential, deposition/accumulation time, rotation speed, frequency and amplitude and carefully optimized for the individual determination of Ni2+and Co2+ and simultaneous determination of Ni2+ and Co2+ at low concentration levels (μg L-1) in 0.1 M NH3- NH4Cl buffer solution (pH 9.4) solution. The recorded limit of detection for the individual analysis of Ni2+and Co2+ was found to be 0.120 μg L-1 and 0.220 μg L-1 respectively, at an accumulation time of 120 s for both metals. The recorded limit of detection of the simultaneous analysis of Ni2+ and Co2+ was found to be 6.1 μg L-1 and 1.8 μg L-1 respectively. The ERGO-PG-MFE further demonstrated a highly selective stripping response toward all trace metal analysis. The testing of the applicability of graphene-based sensor and method in laboratory tap water samples was evaluated. This electrode was found to be sensitive enough to detect metal ions in the tap water samples at the 0.2 μg L-1 level for individual analysis and 0.001 μg L-1 for simultaneous, well below WHO standards.
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Kandah, Munther. "Droplets generation mechanisms by graphite cathodes in the vacuum arc deposition technique." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69702.

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The most severe problem for the vacuum arc deposition (VAD) technique is the formation of micron-size particles on the films. These particles degrade the films' properties. The present work studied the generation mechanisms and characteristics of the droplets that are produced in the carbon films deposited by vacuum arc technique. To achieve a better control of the generation mechanism of these droplets, the effect of the arc current, arc duration time, cathode spot temperature and distance between cathode and substrate on the size and population of the micro-droplets are studied.<br>The micro-droplets are in the range of 0.3 $ mu$m to 2 $ mu$m in diameter, and have a graphite structure. The most probable origin for these particles are the cathode. The size and population of these particles are directly proportional to the cathode spot temperature (i.e., to the arc current and/or arc duration time), and inversely proportional to the distance between the cathode and the substrate. The droplet production is mainly due to the heating effect.
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Patel, Jay. "GROWTH AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CARBON NANOMATERIALS." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1310148312.

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Coustenoble, Laurent. "Endommagement en cours d'électrolyse des cathodes carbone et graphite pour la fabrication de l'aluminium primaire." Lyon, INSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAL0095.

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Les cathodes carbone ou graphite utilisées dans les cuves d'électrolyse pour la production d'aluminium sont réalisées à partir de grains de diverses nuances carbonées et dont les tailles sont distribuées selon un empilement optimisé. L'ensemble est assemblé par un liant (brai), mis en forme par extrusion et traité thermiquement jusqu'à 1200°C pour les carbones et 2800°C pour les graphites. Ces structures, de grandes dimensions, subissent des efforts thermomécaniques lors de la mise en œuvre, de la mise en route de la cuve et lors du fonctionnement. Elles subissent aussi des sollicitations physico-chimiques par le bain d'électrolyse. Les facteurs qui déterminent la durée de vie d'un assemblage cathodique sont divers : technologiques, mécaniques, chimiques et électrochimiques. L'objectif de notre travail est double. Il s'agit d'abord de développer un dispositif d'essai mécanique permettant de tester une éprouvette de carbone ou graphite qui est mise dans des conditions d'électrolyse proches de la réalité : à environ 1000°C, en contact avec le bain fondu d'électrolyte et en présence du courant d'électrolyse. Ce dispositif permet d'enregistrer la courbe force - flèche d'une éprouvette de flexion. Nous montrons que l'accroissement de volume dû à l'insertion de sodium joue un rôle important sur l'évolution de la contrainte ultime en fonction du temps d'électrolyse et une amorce de modélisation est proposée. Les matériaux carbones possèdent un comportement nettement différent des graphites, en particulier l'insertion de sodium entraîne une très forte non-linéarité du comportement des carbones alors que le comportement des graphites, bien moins non-linéaire, est très peu affecté. Le second objectif est de mieux comprendre la relation entre les microstructures et les propriétés. Pour cela, nous avons caractérisé, du point de vue des propriétés mécaniques, un ensemble de nuances de carbones et graphites qui couvrent l'éventail des microstructures utilisées actuellement pour les matériaux pour cathodes. Ces nuances ont ensuite été testées dans notre dispositif in-situ. D'une manière générale le comportement à l'insertion est d'autant meilleur que la microstructure, liée à la nature des grains de départ, s'approche du cristal de graphite<br>Cathodes carbon or graphite used in the tank of electrolysis for the production of aluminium are realized from grains of different carbon nuances and the sizes of which are distributed according to an optimized pile. The set is assembled by caol tar pitch, shaped by extrusion and thermal treated at 1200°C for carbons and 2800°C for graphites. These structures, big dimensions, undergo efforts thermo-mechanicals in course of manufacture, during the started of the tank and during the functioning. They undergo as well physico-chemical solicitation by the bath of electrolysis. The factors which determine the Iife of a cathodic assembly are different: technological, mechanical, chemical and electro chemical. The objective of our work is double. It is a question at first of developing a device of mechanical attempt allowing to test a test tube of carbon or graphite which is put in conditions of electrolysis close to the reality: In approximately 1 000°C, in touch with the melted bath of electrolyte and in the presence of the current of electrolysis. This device allows to record the curve force - arrow of a test specimen in flexion. We show that the increase of volume due to the insertion of sodium plays an important role on the evolution of the ultimate bending strength according to the time of electrolysis. The second objective is to understand better the relation between microstructures and properties. For that purpose, we characterized, from the point of view of the mechanical properties, a set of nuances of carbons and graphites which cover the range of microstructures used for materials for cathodes. These nuances were then tested in our device. In a general way the behavior in the insertion is as much better than the microstructure, bound to the nature of the grains, approaches the monocrystal of graphite
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Kok, Yin Nan. "Nanoscale multilayer Me-graphite coatings grown by combined steered cathodic arc/unbalanced magnetron sputtering." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2005. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19926/.

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Low friction, nanoscale multilayer carbon/chromium (C/Cr) coatings were successfully deposited by the combined steered cathodic arc/unbalanced magnetron sputtering technique (also known as Arc Bond Sputtering or ABS) using a Hauzer HTC 1000-4 PVD coater. The work described in this thesis has been directed towards understanding the effect of ion irradiation on the composition, microstructure, and functional properties of C/Cr coatings. This has been achieved by varying the bias voltage, U[B], over a wide range between -65 V and -550 V. C/Cr coatings were deposited in three major steps: (i) Cr+ ion etching using a steered cathodic arc discharge at a substrate bias voltage of -1200 V, (ii) deposition of a 0.25 mum thick CrN base layer by reactive unbalanced magnetron sputtering to enhance the adhesion, and (iii) deposition of C/Cr coatings by unbalanced magnetron sputtering from three graphite targets and one chromium target at 260°C. The coatings were deposited at different bias voltages (U[B]) from -65 V to -550 V in a non-reactive Ar atmosphere. C/Cr coatings exhibit excellent adhesion (critical load, L[C] > 70 N), with hardness ranging from 6.8 to 25.1 GPa depending on the bias voltage. The friction coefficient of C/Cr coatings was found to reduce from 0.22 to 0.16 when the bias voltage was increased from U[B] = -65 to -95 V. The relevance of C/Cr coatings for actual practical applications was demonstrated using dry high-speed milling trials on automotive aluminium alloy (Al-Si8Cu3Fe). The results showed that C/Cr coated cemented carbide ball-nose end mills prepared at U[B] = -95 V (70 at.% C, 30 at.% Cr) enhance the tool performance and the tool life compared to the uncoated tools by a factor of two, suggesting the potential for use in dry high-speed machining of "sticky" alloys such as aluminum. Different film morphologies were observed in the investigated bias voltage range between U[B] = -65 and -550 V using XTEM. With increasing bias voltage from U[B] = -65 to -95 V, the structure changed from columnar, with carbon accumulated at the column boundaries, to a dense structure which comprised randomly distributed onionlike carbon clusters. A novel nanostructure was observed within this bias voltage range, in which the basic nano-lamellae obtained as a result of substrate rotation in front of the C and Cr targets were modified by an ion-irradiation induced nanocolumnar structure. Further increases in the bias voltage to U[B] = -350 V and U[B] = -450 V led to segregation and self-organisation of the carbon atoms induced by the high energy ion bombardment and, finally, to the formation of a new type of self-organised multilayer structure. A coating growth model accounting for the influence of ion bombardment on the growing C/Cr film was introduced to explain the phase separation and formation of the selforganised layered nanostructure. A novel experimental set-up for the investigation of tribocorrosion was built based on a modification of the conventional Scanning Reference Electrode Technique (SRET). The device comprises a ball on rotating cylinder contact configuration combined with a SRET electrochemical device. This combination may contribute significantly to the understanding of wear-corrosion synergism.
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Huang, Yanshan, Dongqing Wu, Arezoo Dianat, et al. "Bipolar nitrogen-doped graphene frameworks as high-performance cathodes for lithium ion batteries." Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A30349.

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Hierarchically porous nitrogen-doped graphene frameworks (N-GFs) are fabricated through the ice-templating of GO with polyethylenimine and the thermal treatment of the resultant hybrids. As cathode materials in lithium ion batteries (LIBs), the obtained N-GFs exhibit an outstanding specific capacity of 379 mA h g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 for 2500 cycles. Even at an ultrahigh current density of 5 A g−1, the N-GFs maintain a capacity of 94 mA h g−1, superior to that of most reported LIB cathode materials. The experimental results and quantum mechanics calculations suggest that pyridinic-like N and pyridinic N-oxide in graphene are responsible for the excellent cathodic performance of the bipolar N-GFs by providing fast surface faradaic reactions with both p- and n-doped states.
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Books on the topic "Graphite cathode"

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Hameed, Abdulrahman Shahul. Phosphate Based Cathodes and Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Anodes for Energy Storage Applications. Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2302-6.

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Hameed, Abdulrahman Shahul. Phosphate Based Cathodes and Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Anodes for Energy Storage Applications. Springer, 2016.

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Hameed, Abdulrahman Shahul. Phosphate Based Cathodes and Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Anodes for Energy Storage Applications. Springer, 2016.

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Hameed, Abdulrahman Shahul. Phosphate Based Cathodes and Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Anodes for Energy Storage Applications. Springer, 2018.

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Book chapters on the topic "Graphite cathode"

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Reny, Pierre, and Siegfried Wilkening. "Graphite Cathode Wear Study at Alouette." In Essential Readings in Light Metals. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118647745.ch134.

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Reny, Pierre, and Siegfried Wilkening. "Graphite Cathode Wear Study at Alouette." In Essential Readings in Light Metals. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48200-2_134.

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Yoshio*, Masaki, Hitoshi Nakamura, and Hongyu Wang. "High-Energy Capacitor Based on Graphite Cathode and Activated Carbon Anode." In Lithium-Ion Batteries. Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-34445-4_14.

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Lian, Yunfei, Jilai Xue, Cheng Zhang, Haipeng Li, and Xuan Liu. "Observation on the Creep and Cracking of Graphite Cathode in Laboratory Aluminum Electrolysis." In Light Metals 2019. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05864-7_163.

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Zhang, Yanan, Jilai Xue, Jun Zhu, and Xiang Li. "Wetting of KF-ALF3-Based Melts on Graphite Cathode Materials for Aluminum Electrolysis." In Light Metals 2012. Springer International Publishing, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48179-1_231.

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Zhang, Yanan, Jilai Xue, Jun Zhu, and Xiang Li. "Wetting of KF-A1F3-Based Melts on Graphite Cathode Materials for Aluminum Electrolysis." In Light Metals 2012. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118359259.ch231.

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Shulga, Yu M., D. V. Schur, S. A. Baskakov, et al. "XRD Patterns of Cathode Deposits Formed in Electric Arc Sputtering Zr-Me-Graphite Electrodes." In Hydrogen Materials Science and Chemistry of Carbon Nanomaterials. Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2669-2_12.

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Chen, Tong, Jilai Xue, and Xiang Li. "High-Temperature Creep Deformation and Change in Porous Structure of Graphite Cathode in Aluminum Electrolysis Process." In 5th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118887998.ch16.

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Li, Xiang, Jilai Xue, and Tong Chen. "Characterization of Porous Structure and Its Correlation to Sodium Expansion of Graphite Cathode Materials Using Image Analysis." In Light Metals 2013. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118663189.ch213.

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Li, Xiang, Jilai Xue, and Tong Chen. "Characterization of Porous Structure and its Correlation to Sodium Expansion of Graphite Cathode Materials Using Image Analysis." In Light Metals 2013. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65136-1_213.

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Conference papers on the topic "Graphite cathode"

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Chepusov, A. S., A. A. Komarskiy, S. R. Korzhenevskiy, and O. D. Krasniy. "Study of field electron emission properties of commercial graphite cathodes in pulse-repetitive mode." In VIII Information school of a young scientist. Central Scientific Library of the Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32460/ishmu-2020-8-0007.

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The article considers field emission cathodes from industrial graphites MG, MPG-7, and GMZ operated in the pulse-periodic mode with the pulse repetitionrate of 1 to 30 Hz. The operation of field emitters in the pulsed mode differs from operation at a constant voltage. Under stabilization of the high potential level, the amplitude of the pulses of the emission current decreases that leads to increasing the operating voltage in the pulsed mode. During operation of the graphite cathode (when the pulse current is recorded), the operating voltage at the anode stabilizes and oscillates within 5%. Operation in the direct current mode under similar conditions is accompanied by a change in the voltage value by more than 10 %.
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Ohkawa, Yasushi, Yukio Hayakawa, Hideki Yoshida, Katsuhiro Miyazaki, Shoji Kitamura, and Kenichi Kajiwara. "Life Test of a Graphite-Orificed Hollow Cathode." In 44th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-4817.

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Jyouzuka, Atsuo, Tomonori Nakamura, Yoshihiro Onizuka, and Hidenori Mimura. "Emission characteristics and application of graphite nanospine cathode." In 2009 22nd International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference (IVNC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivnc.2009.5271706.

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Ohkawa, Yasushi, Yukio Hayakawa, Hideki Yoshida, et al. "Current Statuses of Graphite Hollow Cathode Life Tests." In 46th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-6945.

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Huang, Liping, Ying Tian, Mingliang Li, et al. "Performance of Stainless Steel Mesh Cathode and PVDF-graphite Cathode in Microbial Fuel Cells." In 2nd International Symposium on Aqua Science, Water Resource and Low Carbon Energy. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3529310.

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Togawa, K., A. Higashiya, and T. Shintake. "Graphite heater optimized for a low-emittance CeB6 cathode." In 2007 IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference (PAC). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pac.2007.4440966.

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Wordingham, Christopher J., Pierre-Yves C. Taunay, and Edgar Choueiri. "Multiple-Kilowatt-Class Graphite Heater for Large Hollow Cathode Ignition." In 51st AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-4010.

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Souza, Ronny F. M., Madalena C. C. Areias, Marcelo Navarro, et al. "Electrochemical dimerization of benzyl chloride on a powder cathode of silver, graphite or silver-graphite mixture." In 15th Brazilian Meeting on Organic Synthesis. Editora Edgard Blücher, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chempro-15bmos-bmos2013_20137119933.

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Knapek, Alexandr, Miroslav Horacek, Frantisek Hruby, Josef Sikula, Tomas Kuparowitz, and Dinara Sobola. "Noise behaviour of field emission cathode based on lead pencil graphite." In 2017 30th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference (IVNC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivnc.2017.8051642.

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Matsumoto, T., Y. Neo, H. Mimura, and M. Tomita. "Correlation between field emission current fluctuation and physisorption of gases in graphite-nanoneedle cold cathode." In 2007 IEEE 20th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivnc.2007.4480959.

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Reports on the topic "Graphite cathode"

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Pool, K. H., J. L. Brimhall, P. J. Raney, and P. E. Hart. Evaluation of wear rates and mechanisms of titanium diboride-graphite composite materials proposed for use as cathodes in Hall-Heroult cells. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6727518.

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