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Journal articles on the topic 'Graphite tube atomizer'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Komárek, Josef, and Mojmír Gánóczy. "Determination of europium by AAS with electrothermal atomization." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 56, no. 4 (1991): 764–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19910764.

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A WETA all-tungsten atomizer and a tungsten probe in conjunction with a graphite atomizer were used for the electrothermal atomization of europium. The life of the tungsten probe was extended by combining it with a pyrolytically coated graphite tube fitted with tantalum lining and using argon-hydrogen atmosphere. The sensitivity of europium determination in the tungsten atomizer was increased by adding La3+ in a concentration of 0.02 g l-1.

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2

Huie, Carmen W., and Charles J. Curran. "Spatial Mapping of Analyte Distribution within a Graphite Furnace Atomizer." Applied Spectroscopy 42, no. 7 (September 1988): 1307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702884430001.

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A versatile diagnostic scheme based on the combination of the unique properties of a laser, such as collimation and monochromaticity, together with absorption spectroscopy and subsequent computer extraction of quantitative information from a video signal has been applied to acquire spatially and temporally resolved information in a graphite tube atomizer. Spatially resolved concentration profiles with a 256 × 240 array of intensities can be obtained in 1/60 second. This capability has been demonstrated in the study of sodium atom distribution within a graphite furnace. Spatially and temporally resolved absorbance profiles taken within the furnace show extreme nonuniformities throughout the lifetime of the sodium atom plume. Early in the absorbance signal, the distributions show absorbances which decrease in going from the bottom, where the sample was initially deposited, to the top of the furnace. A more uniform distribution of the free atoms can be seen after a majority of the analyte has been released from the surface of the graphite tube, i.e., after the absorbance peak.

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3

Katskov, Dmitri, Rita Mofolo, and Paolo Tittarelli. "Energy transfer caused by reactions in a graphite tube atomizer." Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 56, no. 9 (September 2001): 1625–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0584-8547(01)00249-x.

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4

Rybínová, Marcela, Václav Červený, and Petr Rychlovský. "UV-photochemical vapour generation with in situ trapping in a graphite tube atomizer for ultratrace determination of selenium." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 30, no. 8 (2015): 1752–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ja00173k.

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UV-photochemical vapour generation followed by in situ trapping and atomization of the generated volatile compounds in the graphite furnace atomizer of an atomic absorption spectrometer (GF-AAS) was employed to determine selenium in the sub-ppb range.

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5

Masera, Eric, Patrick Mauchien, and Yannick Lerat. "Imaging of analyte distribution in a graphite tube atomizer by laser induced fluorescence." Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 51, no. 9-10 (July 1996): 1007–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0584-8547(96)01513-3.

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6

Hertzberg, J., D. Kozlov, C. Rieck, P. Loosen, M. Sperling, B. Welz, and G. Marowsky. "CARS thermometry in a transversely heated graphite-tube atomizer used in atomic absorption spectrometry." Applied Physics B Laser and Optics 61, no. 2 (August 1995): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01090944.

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7

Mofolo, Rita M., Dmitri A. Katskov, Paolo Tittarelli, and Marco Grotti. "Vaporization of indium nitrate in the graphite tube atomizer in the presence of chemical modifiers." Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 56, no. 4 (April 2001): 375–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0584-8547(01)00167-7.

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8

Skelly, E. M., and F. T. Distefano. "Clean Room and Microwave Digestion Techniques: Improvement in Detection Limits for Aluminum Determination by GF-AAS." Applied Spectroscopy 42, no. 7 (September 1988): 1302–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702884430119.

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A rapid, precise, and accurate method for the determination of aluminum in part-per-billion concentrations in biological materials using graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy has been developed. In order that the necessary accuracy and precision for the analysis of aluminum in bone and brain tissue could be obtained, reduction of laboratory environmental contributions to the aluminum blank was required. Use of a closed-vessel microwave digestion system and a clean room for sample preparation accomplished this goal by reducing Al concentrations in the digestion blanks from 10 ppb to 1 ppb. Digestion time was decreased from many hours to several minutes, and the amount of acid required for digestion was reduced by 70%. Using less nitric acid improved precision in the analyzed solutions by significantly extending the lifetime and consistency in performance of the graphite tube atomizer.

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9

Zakharov, Yu A., O. B. Kokorina, and R. V. Okunev. "The influence of a probe on the optical path of atomic absorption spectrometer with a graphite tube atomizer." Optics and Spectroscopy 116, no. 4 (April 2014): 642–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0030400x14040274.

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10

Altman, E. L., and N. A. Panichev. "Determination of cadmium in tobacco smoke by electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy with electrostatic precipitation of samples on the graphite tube atomizer." Journal de Physique IV (Proceedings) 107 (May 2003): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:20030237.

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11

Masrournia, Mahboubeh, and Raham Shadmehri. "Electrochemical hydride generation of tin(II) and its determination by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry within situtrapping in the graphite tube atomizer." Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 93, no. 7 (August 2011): 1332–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2011.590492.

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12

Furdíková, Zuzana, and Bohumil Dočekal. "Trapping interference effects of arsenic, antimony and bismuth hydrides in collection of selenium hydride within iridium-modified transversally-heated graphite tube atomizer." Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 64, no. 4 (April 2009): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2009.03.001.

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13

Yuzefovsky, Alexander I., Robert F. Lonardo, and Robert G. Michel. "Spatial Discrimination against Background with Different Optical Systems for Collection of Fluorescence in Laser-Excited Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry with a Graphite Tube Electrothermal Atomizer." Analytical Chemistry 67, no. 13 (July 1995): 2246–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00109a052.

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14

Wu, Nian, and Carmen W. Huie. "Investigations of gas-flow patterns within a cylindrical glass tube having dimensions identical with those of a graphite furnace atomizer under the influence of forced convective flow." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 7, no. 2 (1992): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/ja9920700353.

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15

Gornushkin, I. B., B. W. Smith, and J. D. Winefordner. "Use of laser-excited atomic fluorescence spectrometry with a novel diffusive graphite tube electrothermal atomizer for the direct determination of silver in sea water and in solid reference materials." Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 51, no. 11 (September 1996): 1355–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0584-8547(96)01489-9.

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16

Falk, H., A. Glismann, L. Bergann, G. Minkwitz, M. Schubert, and J. Skole. "Time-dependent temperature distribution of graphite-tube atomizers." Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 40, no. 3 (January 1985): 533–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0584-8547(85)80091-4.

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17

Niedzielski, Przemysław, and Marcin Siepak. "Speciation analysis of inorganic form of arsenic in ground water samples by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry with insitu trapping in graphite tube." Open Chemistry 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 82–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bf02476240.

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AbstractThis paper presents the results of a study on the optimization of the determination of total arsenic and its species using the absorption atomic spectrometry method combined with hydride generation and in-situ concentration on the inner walls of the graphite tube. To ensure a maximum efficiency of the in-situ analyte concentration on the graphite tube walls, a palladium modifier subjected to preliminary thermal reduction was used. The limits of detection (3σ) were 0.019 ng/mL for total As and 0.031 ng/mL for As(III) at the preliminary analyte concentration for 60s. The optimised procedure of the analyte concentration on the inner walls of the atomiser (graphite tube) was applied for determinations of arsenic in samples of ground water. The content of arsenic in the samples studied varied from 0.21 ng/mL to 0.80 ng/mL for As(III), and from 0.19 ng/mL to 1.24 ng/mL for As(V).

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18

Shuttler, Ian L., H. Trevor Delves, and Bruno Hütsch. "Assessment of various designs of L'vov platform graphite tube atomisers." J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 4, no. 2 (1989): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/ja9890400137.

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19

Šı́ma, Jan, and Petr Rychlovský. "Electrochemical selenium hydride generation with in situ trapping in graphite tube atomizers." Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 58, no. 5 (May 2003): 919–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0584-8547(03)00035-1.

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20

Dougherty, Joseph P., Francis R. Preli, Guor-Tzo Wei, and Robert G. Michel. "Nonlinearity of Calibration Graphs for Laser-Excited Atomic Fluorescence in Graphite-Tube Atomizers." Applied Spectroscopy 44, no. 6 (July 1990): 934–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702904086650.

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21

Budiyanto, Fitri. "GRAPHITE FURNACE ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY SEBAGAI METODE ANALISIS LOGAM BERAT." OSEANA 42, no. 3 (October 30, 2017): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/oseana.2017.vol.42no.3.80.

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GRAPHITE FURNACE ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY AS A METHOD FOR ANALYZING HEAVY METAL. Heavy metal, mostly present in a (ultra) trace-level, becomes one of the hazardous pollutants due to its toxicity, bioaccumulative, biomagnification characters. Conducting a micro analysis of these trace-level pollutants, a sensitive instrument and method are strongly recommended. Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (GFAAS) offers a solution for the challenge. It uses the principle of light emission absorption by nascent atom cloud from the metals. The analysis has been developed in three stages of the tube heating programs, i.e. drying, ashing and then atomizing element at 3000° C. Since the injected sample is almost completely atomized, the sensitivity of GFAAS is extremely high and this value is covering up the disadvantages of the other analyses. Therefore, the GFAAS analysis is suitable fo ultra-trace analysis of ultra-trace pollutants like heavy metals in environment.

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22

Pelieva, L. A., and A. S. Uzunbadzhakov. "Study of methods for stabilizing the temperature of graphite tube furnaces in electrothermal atomizers." Journal of Applied Spectroscopy 43, no. 4 (October 1985): 1066–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00662315.

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23

Hoenig, Michel, and Olivier Dheere. "Evaluation of end-capped tubes for transverse heated graphite atomizer electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry." Mikrochimica Acta 119, no. 3-4 (September 1995): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01244005.

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24

Gilmutdinov, Albert Kh, Chuni L. Chakrabarti, J. Craig Hutton, and Ruslan M. Mrasov. "Three-dimensional distributions of oxygen in graphite and metal tube atomizers for analytical atomic spectrometry." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 7, no. 7 (1992): 1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/ja9920701047.

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25

Omenetto, Nicol�, Paolo Cavalli, Marinella Broglia, Pan Qi, and Guglielmo Rossi. "Laser-induced single-resonance and double-resonance atomic fluorescence spectrometry in a graphite tube atomiser." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 3, no. 1 (1988): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/ja9880300231.

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26

Červený, Václav, Petr Rychlovský, Jarmila Netolická, and Jan Šíma. "Electrochemical generation of mercury cold vapor and its in-situ trapping in gold-covered graphite tube atomizers." Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 62, no. 3 (March 2007): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2006.12.009.

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27

Hadgu, Negassi, and Wolfgang Frech. "Performance of side-heated graphite atomizers in atomic absorption spectrometry using tubes with end caps." Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 49, no. 5 (May 1994): 445–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0584-8547(94)80037-5.

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28

Cias, A., and M. Stoytchev. "Nickel and Copper-Free Sintered Structural Steels Containing Mn, Cr, Si, and Mo Developed for High Performance Applications." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 62, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2017-0002.

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AbstractIn an attempt to study the sinterability of potential high-strength nickel-free sintered structural steels containing Mn, Cr, Si and Mo compacts were prepared based on sponge and water atomised iron powders and on Astaloy prealloyed powders. To these were admixed ferromanganese, ferroslicon, and graphite. The samples were sintered at temperatures 1120 and 1250°C in laboratory tube furnaces in hydrogen, hydrogen-nitrogen atmospheres with dew points better than -60°C or in nitrogen in a semiclosed container in a local microatmosphere. After sintering the samples were slowly cooled or sinterhardened. Generally resultant microstructures were inhomogeneous, consisted of pearlite/ bainite/martensite, but were characterised by an absence of oxide networks. Sintering studies performed over a range of compositions have shown that superior strength, ranging beyond 900 MPa, along with reasonable tensile elongation, can be achieved with these new steels.

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29

Iwamoto, Etsuro, K. E. Anders Ohlsson, Douglas C. Baxter, and Wolfgang Frech. "Spatially resolved spectroscopic measurements of CN, C2 and Al in graphite tube electrothermal atomizers under various operating conditions." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 7, no. 7 (1992): 1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/ja9920701063.

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30

Littlejohn, David, Iain S. Duncan, James B. M. Hendry, John Marshall, and John M. Ottaway. "Comparison of uncoated, pyro-coated and totally pyrolytic graphite tubes for the HGA-500 electrothermal atomiser." Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 40, no. 10-12 (January 1985): 1677–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0584-8547(85)80187-7.

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31

Sperling, Michael, Bernard Welz, Joachim Hertzberg, Christof Rieck, and Gerd Marowsky. "Temporal and spatial temperature distributions in transversely heated graphite tube atomizers and their analytical characteristics for atomic absorption spectrometry." Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 51, no. 9-10 (July 1996): 897–930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0584-8547(96)01520-0.

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32

Todorovska, Nadica, Irina Karadjova, Sonja Arpadjan, and Trajce Stafilov. "On chromium direct ETAAS determination in serum and urine." Open Chemistry 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2007): 230–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-006-0055-8.

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AbstractA simple, accurate and reliable method for direct electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric (ETAAS) determination of chromium in serum and urine samples without any preliminary sample pretreatment is described. Instrumental parameters are optimized in order to define: the most suitable atomizer, optimal temperature program and efficient modifier. An appropriate quantification method is proposed taking into account a matrix interference study. Pyrocoated graphite tubes and wall atomization, pretreatment temperature of 700 °C, atomization temperature of 2600 °C, hydrogen peroxide as modifier and standard addition calibration are recommended. The accuracy of the method proposed for Cr determination in serum and urine was confirmed by comparative analysis of parallel samples after wet or dry ashing as well as by the analysis of two certified reference materials: Serum, Clin Rep 1 and Lypochek Urine, level 1. The detection and determination limits achieved for both matrices are 0.08 µg/L and 0.15 µg/L respectively. The relative standard deviation varied between 15 and 18 % for the chromium content in the samples in the range 0.08–0.2 µg/L and between 4 and 7 % for the chromium content in the range 0.2–2.0 µg/L for both matrices.

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33

Wei, Guor-Tzo, Joseph P. Dougherty, Francis R. Preli, and Robert G. Michel. "Signal and noise considerations of non-dispersive laser-excited atomic fluorescence in a graphite tube atomiser with front-surface illumination." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 5, no. 3 (1990): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/ja9900500249.

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34

Vera, J. A., M. B. Leong, N. Omenetto, B. W. Smith, B. Womack, and J. D. Winefordner. "Evaluation of three different laser systems for the determination of lead by laser excited atomic fluorescence spectrometry with graphite tube atomizers." Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 44, no. 10 (January 1989): 939–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0584-8547(89)80093-x.

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35

Murphy, James, Gerhard Schlemmer, Ian L. Shuttler, Phil Jones, and Steve J. Hill. "Simultaneous multi-element determination of hydride-forming elements by “in-atomiser trapping” electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry on an iridium-coated graphite tube." J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 14, no. 10 (1999): 1593–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a904468j.

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36

Laborda, Francisco, Jesús Medrano, José I. Cortés, José M. Mir, and Juan R. Castillo. "Comparison of palladium and zirconium treated graphite tubes for in-atomizer trapping of hydrogen selenide in hydride generation electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry." Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 54, no. 2 (February 1999): 343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0584-8547(98)00246-8.

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37

Shuttler, Ian L., and H. Trevor Delves. "Between-batch variability of thermal characteristics of commercially available L'vov platform graphite tube atomisers and analytical accuracy in electrothermal atomisation atomic absorption spectrometry." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 2, no. 2 (1987): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/ja9870200171.

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38

Dittrich, Klaus, and Hans-Joachim Stärk. "Laser-excited atomic fluorescence spectrometry as a practical analytical method. Part I. Design of a graphite tube atomiser for the determination of trace amounts of lead." J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1, no. 3 (1986): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/ja9860100237.

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39

Katskov, Dmitri A., and Nicholas Darangwa. "Application of Langmuir theory of evaporation to the simulation of sample vapor composition and release rate in graphite tube atomizers. Part 1. The model and calculation algorithm." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 25, no. 7 (2010): 1079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c002017f.

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40

Dittrich, Klaus, and Hans-Joachim Stärk. "Laser-excited atomic fluorescence spectrometry as a practical analytical method. Part 2. Evaluation of a graphite tube atomiser for the determination of trace amounts of indium, gallium, aluminium, vanadium and iridium by LAFS." J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2, no. 1 (1987): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/ja9870200063.

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41

Katskov, Dmitri, Nicholas Darangwa, and Uwe Heitmann. "Application of Langmuir theory of evaporation to the simulation of sample vapor composition and release rate in graphite tube atomizers. Part 2. Verification of the methodology and investigation of atomization of Ag and Cu." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 25, no. 7 (2010): 1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c002024a.

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42

Müller-Vogt, German, Florian Weigend, and Wolfgang Wendl. "Role of oxygen in the determination of oxide forming elements by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry Part 3. Effect of oxygen on the reactions of tin in uncoated, pyrolytically coated and zirconium carbide coated graphite tube atomizers." Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 51, no. 9-10 (July 1996): 1133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0584-8547(96)01510-8.

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