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Journal articles on the topic 'Grass mowing'
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1
Pavlyuchik, E. N., A. D. Kapsamun, N. N. Ivanova, T. N. Panteleeva, and N. A. Epifanova. "Agrophytocenoses based on promising varieties of meadow clover on drained lands of the Non-Chernozem zone." Agricultural Science Euro-North-East 21, no. 2 (2020): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2020.21.2.152-159.
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The article presents data of studies carried out in the northwestern part of the Non-Chernozem zone (Tver region) in 2019. Studied were fodder mixtures based on meadow clover Kretunovsky, Green, Chance, Falensky 86 varieties mixed with variegated alfalfa Vega 87 variety and cereal components − timothy grass VIK 9 and meadow fescue Sakharovskaya varieties. The yield of dry weight of legumes and cereal grass stands of the first year of use during primary mowing in ferti-lized varieties was 4.4-6.9 t/ha at the height of grass stand of 66-77 cm and stalk density of 318-507 pcs/m2. The indicators in variants without fertilizers were lower, the height of the grass stand was 63-69 cm, the density was 334-595 pcs/m2 and the yield of fodder mass was 3.8-4.6 t/ha. Unfavorable climatic conditions during the period between mowings had a suppressive effect on growth and development of herbs, therefore, during the secondary mowing the height parameters of agrophytocenoses decreased by 1.2-1.3 times and did not exceed 32-44 cm against unfertilized background, 43-53 cm against a fertilized one. A decrease in shoot formation ability of herbs during the second mowing was not observed, the density of agrophytocenoses was at the level of 300-500 pcs/m. The yield of dry mass of the second mowing compared to the first mowing decreased by 1.3-1.7 times and was 2.2-5.4 t/ha. In the botanical composition of grass mixtures during the first mowing, leg-ume components prevailed − 35-65 %, during the secondary mowing the percentage of legumes did not exceed 15-30 %. The use of three-component grass mixtures in agriculture will make it possible to get from 6.7 to 9.3 tons per hectare of dry weight of complete feed for cattle for two mowings. Adaptation and cultivation on sod-podzolic soils in the humid zone of the Non-chernozem region of grass mixtures consisting of new-generation forage grasses is one of the reserves for increasing produc-tivity of forage crops by more than 10 %.
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Johnson, Billy J. "Response of Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) to Plant Growth Regulators and Mowing Frequency." Weed Technology 3, no. 1 (1989): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00031316.
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Mefluidide, Mon 4620, paclobutrazol plus mefluidide, and flurprimidol plus mefluidide temporarily injured and discolored tall fescue without reducing shoot density. Mefluidide at 0.43 kg ai/ha and Mon 4620 at 2.8 kg ai/ha suppressed vegetative growth of mowed grass 4 weeks while unmowed grass was suppressed for 8 weeks. Mefluidide at 0.14 kg/ha with either flurprimidol at 1.1 kg ai/ha or paclobutrazol at 1.1 kg ai/ha suppressed vegetative growth of mowed tall fescue for 5 and 6 weeks, respectively. Combination treatments also suppressed the growth of nonmowed tall fescue 8 to 10 weeks. Mowing effectively suppressed seedheads for 12 weeks when the grass was mowed at 3 and 6 weeks, while mowing only once at 4 weeks did not. Seedhead suppression was not improved with weekly mowing compared with two mowings. Mowing influenced the performance of plant growth regulators on vegetative growth and seedhead control but not plant injury, quality, or shoot density.
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Iwano, Yuki, Akihiro Tanaka, and Kojiro Iizuka. "Development of a Flail-Type Mowing System." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 37, no. 3 (2025): 555–62. https://doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2025.p0555.
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In recent years, most mowing work has been performed manually using a rotation grass cutter, which is a challenging task for workers, especially during the summer. Therefore, this study designed a system that can reduce their workload. A flail-type mowing system capable of mowing dense grass areas was designed. The performance of the proposed mowing system was experimentally evaluated.
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Konovalova, N. Y., and S. S. Konovalova. "Promising legume-cereal grass mixtures for agroclimatic conditions of the European North of Russia." Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University), no. 2 (July 9, 2024): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-63-73.
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The article presents the results of scientific research for 1991–2021 years the North-Western Research Institute of Dairy and Grassland Farming, a separate subdivision of the VolRC RAS (Vologda Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences) on the creation of high-yielding legume-cereal grass mixtures for the agroclimatic conditions of the European North of Russia. According to the research results, technologies for growing promising crops (eastern goat, variable alfalfa, festulolium, reed fescue) in single-species and mixed crops have been developed. Bloodless crops of goat and grass mixtures for two mowing ensured the production of 7.2–7.9 t / ha of dry matter. In terms of productivity, single-species crops significantly exceeded mixed crops. From grass mixtures, stand out crops with meadow fescue, hedgehog and awnless rump stood out. The yield of variable alfalfa and grass mixtures with its participation for two mowing ranged from 7.8 to 9.5 t/ ha of dry matter. Significantly inferior to alfalfa by 0.86–1.04 t/ha of dry matter were grass mixtures with timofeevka. Single-species festulolium crops with two-mowing use were significantly inferior in yield to grass mixtures with leguminous grass species by 0.9-4.0 t/ha of SV. Legume-cereal grass mixtures were characterized by an increased protein content (1.7–2.1 times), fat (1.1–1.2 times), reduced fiber (1.2–1.3 times). Harvesting of the first mowing during the budding phase of legumes, the beginning of earing of the festulolium significantly reduced the yield of dry matter by 20% compared with harvesting during the flowering phase. At the same time, the protein content in the plant mass of early mowing increased by 12 % in festulolium, by 21–36 % in festulolium with clover and birdʼsfoot trefoil, and by 3–11 % in herbage with alfalfa. It is effective for three-mowing use to include reed fescue in legume-cereal grass mixtures. Grass mixtures with her participation in three mowing provide yields at the control level (two mowing), and in terms of protein yield per hectare exceed it by 26–31 %.
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Zhezmer, Natalya. "QUALITY OF HERBAL RAW MATERIALS AND NUTRIENT REMOVAL IN LONG-TERM MID-RIPENING THREE-CUT CEREAL STANDS." Adaptive Fodder Production 2020, no. 1 (2020): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2020-1-6-14.
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The studies were conducted on long-term (1–34th years of use) mid-ripening three-cut agrocenoses. It was found that during irrigation and application of N260P75K220, an increase in the yield of 1 ha compared to non-irrigated grasses when feeding N180P35K160 amounted to 21–23% on the agrocenoses with awnless brome grass and 30–31% with reed canary grass. Consumption of nitrogen by herbs increased by 20–24 (herbage with awnless brome grass) and 27–29% (with reed canary grass), and phosphorus (P2O5) — by 20–25 and 34–35%. The increase in the removal of potassium and calcium during irrigation did not depend on the composition of agrocenoses and amounted to 17–22 (for K2O) and 47–51% (for CaO). With each centner of dry matter is carried out: 2.1–2.2 kg of nitrogen; 2.2–2.4 K2O; 0.6–0.7 P2O5 and 0.6–0.8 kg CaO. Some of these substances are extracted from the grass soil. To maintain the productivity of grass stands at a high level with long-term intensive use of the meadow, the reserves of nutrients available to herbs in the soil are not enough. Multi-cut use of agrocenoses is possible only with the systematic feeding of each subsequent mowing with optimal doses of fertilizers. In the mowing conveyor system, mid-season grass stands allow to extend the harvesting period of high-quality green mass for haylage and silage by 7–10 days in each mowing. The obtained grass raw materials on three-mowing agrocenoses (during irrigation and without irrigation) in terms of the content of crude protein and crude cellulose meet the requirements of GOST in the first mowing on grass stands with awnless brome – the second class, with reed canary grass – of the third class. In the second mowing of all agrocenoses, the raw material mass corresponded to the second class, in the third mowing – to the first class. According to the content of macronutrients (phosphorus, potassium and calcium) in the dry matter of grass raw materials obtained on agrocenoses with awnless brome and reed canary grass during irrigation and natural moisture, the green mass corresponds to zootechnical norms of animal feeding. The use of high-quality bulky feeds prepared from the green mass of the middle link of the raw material conveyor will reduce the consumption of concentrates and mineral additives in the winter diet of animals.
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Surikova, Valentīna, and Aldis Kārkliņš. "Phosphorus Removal With Grass In An Apple Orchard Under Influence Of Mulch And Irrigation." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (August 5, 2015): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2011vol1.923.
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Phosphorus leaching from intensive agriculture systems is one of major contributors responsible for pollution of ground-water and surface water bodies. The aim of this study was to determine the content of phosphorus in orchard lawn for reduction of phosphorus fertilizer application and to include the phosphorus from mown grass into P balance and turnover calculation. The investigation was done at the Latvia State Institute of Fruit–Growing in 2009. Three treatments were compared: control, mulch and fertigation. Inter-row strips were covered by grass vegetation. Grass samples were collected at the time of grass mowing. The removal of phosphorus was calculated as kilograms per hectare area. The concentration of phosphorus in the lawn and the height of grass growth were significantly influenced by the mowing time and the soil moisture treatment. These results can be a base for further studies of phosphorus turnover in an orchard, as well as for fertilizer planning and management.
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James, Trevor K., Michael R. Trolove, and Claire A. Dowsett. "Roadside mowing spreads yellow bristle grass (Setaria pumila) seeds further than by natural dispersal." New Zealand Plant Protection 72 (July 22, 2019): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2019.72.246.
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Yellow bristle grass is a highly invasive annual C4 pasture weed that has spread rapidly through many New Zealand dairying regions via seed dispersal. Seven trials were conducted on roadsides infested with yellow bristle grass to evaluate natural and mower-assisted dispersal. To trap seeds, yellow sticky traps were laid out at various intervals both perpendicular to and parallel to the road. Traps were in place for 24 h in the four natural dispersal trials but only for the event in the mowing trials. Seeds on the retrieved traps were counted and the seeds caught in the mower estimated. For natural dispersal, 90% of seeds fell within 0.5 m. When mown, 90% of the seeds fell within 2 metres in the direction of mowing and 80% within 20 cm in the perpendicular direction. More importantly, a small percentage of dispersed seeds were caught in the mower and presumably could subsequently fall off anywhere. Mowing mature yellow bristle grass on the roadside will result in accelerating seed dispersal along the roadside for many metres and potentially many kilometres.
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Antonets, O., and V. Kocherga. "Productivity of fodder grasses in the conditions of the Southern Forest Steppe of Ukraine." Scientific Progress & Innovations 27, no. 4 (2025): 16–20. https://doi.org/10.31210/spi2024.27.04.03.
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Legume-cereal grasses provide an opportunity to significantly increase the productivity of grasslands. The economic value of plants on natural fodder grounds is determined by their productivity. The bird’s-foot trefoil and crested weat grass have high fodder value. Among the fodder leguminous grasses, the bird’s-foot trefoil is one of the most valuable pasture plants. This plant is a good component of the grass mixture, which ensures the accumulation of root mass. The crested weat grass is a fodder cereal that is also widely used in grass mixtures. Therefore, the urgency of the topic lies in the need to analyze collection samples of the bird’s-foot trefoil and weat grasses for fodder and seed productivity in the conditions of the Southern Forest Steppe of Ukraine. This is important for finding good initial material in analytical selection breeding and solving the problem of seed production. The purpose of the research is to find out the adaptive potential of collection samples of the bird’s-foot trefoil and weat grasses to reveal the productivity of these perspective fodder grasses. The research was conducted at the Ustymivka Experimental Station of Plant growing of the Institute of Plant growing named after V. Ya. Yuriev of NAAS of Ukraine in 2022–2023. The object of the research was 21 collection samples of the bird’s-foot trefoil and 23 collection samples of weat grasses, among which there were crested weat grass and desert weat grass. As a result of the research, an assessment of the collection samples of the bird’s-foot trefoil was carried out according to the yield of green mass, hay and seeds. The best collection samples of UJ0500012, UJ0500100, UJ0500110 and UJ0500112 were selected for the yield of green mass (respectively 2063.80 g/m2, 1798.0 g/m2, 2200.40 g/m2, 2262.30 g/m2) and hay ( respectively 481.80 g/m2, 439.0 g/m2, 557.10 g/m2, 576.10 g/m2). Collection samples of weat grasses were assessed for height before mowing, productivity of green mass after mowings, hay productivity after mowings, and seed productivity. The best sample of crested weat grass UDS00039 was selected out for the height of the plant before mowing (70.6 cm), the yield of green mass (810.1 g/m2) and the yield of hay (272.5 g/m2). The best collection samples of crested weat grass UDS00070, UDS00073, UDS00074 were selected for the yield of green mass (respectively 778 g/m2, 962.8 g/m2, 753.3 g/m2) and hay (respectively 255.2 g/m2, 344.7 g/m2, 270.5 g/m2). The best collection samples of crested weat grass UDS00076 and UDS00081 were selected for plant height before mowing (67.3 cm and 66.9 cm, respectively) and hay yield (259 g/m2 and 256.9 g/m2, respectively). The desert weat grasses sample UDS00018 also performed well in terms of plant height before mowing (65.3 cm) and seed yield (107.5 g/m2). Selected collection samples of the bird’s-foot trefoil and weat grasses are recommended as initial material for analytical selection.
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Han, Bei. "Water Saving Control of Turfgrass Irrigation Robot Using Genetic Simulated Annealing Algorithm." Mobile Information Systems 2021 (July 16, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1082304.
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Artificial intelligence through the robotic system offers a solution to the quest for an autonomous system with high cutting efficiency for lawn mowing. Because of the current trimming and maintenance operations on grasslands and gardens, it is essential to develop autonomous and efficient lawn pruning electromechanical equipment. This paper describes the design and construction of a high-performance automated grass trimming and irrigating robot. This device cuts and irrigates grass automatically with little human intervention. A genetic simulated annealing algorithm was employed to optimize motor parameters, specifically design a set of mowing mechanisms and mowing height adjustment system. The prototype was tested, which mainly includes the running status evaluation of the walking module, the mowing module, the cutter head lifting module, and the collision detection module. This robot can save water while watering the lawns, reduce labor costs, and improve mowing efficiency. We note that the proposed system can be implemented on a large scale under natural conditions in the future, which will be helpful in robotics applications and cutting grass on lawns and playing grounds.
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Typiak, Andrzej, Rafał Typiak, Zbigniew Zienowicz, Mateusz Nowakowski, and Patrycja Matejek. "A System of Semi-Autonomous Tandem Mowers for Mowing Roadside Area." Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka 29, no. 1 (2025): 69–74. https://doi.org/10.14313/par_255/69.
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Maintaining the road requires regular mowing of ditches and roadside areas. This is mainly done using mowers mounted on agricultural tractors. The trend is to introduce autonomous mowing systems, but so far a number of autonomous solutions for mowing short grass (home lawns, golf courses), and there are few autonomous mower solutions for mowing tall grass on the market. The first part of the article describes the conditions determining work on the development of lawn mowers. Then, a proposal for a semi-autonomous control system for tandem mowers for mowing roadside areas was presented. As part of its construction, a fully functional set was designed and built, consisting of two mowers: wheeled and tracked, a remote control system for the first mower, and a high-level computer with implemented software ensuring autonomous mowing with the second mower under active operator supervision. A series of field tests conducted allowed us to assess the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed solution. Mowing efficiency was assessed by the consistency of subsequent mowing paths. The obtained results indicate that the development of the developed system will significantly improve mowing efficiency and increase employee safety.
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McElhinney, C., M. Danaher, C. T. Elliott, and P. O’Kiely. "On-farm factors relating to mycotoxin occurrence and other chemical compositional traits in grass silages in Ireland." World Mycotoxin Journal 9, no. 4 (2016): 505–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2016.2060.
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Many pre- and post-mowing on-farm traits influence mycotoxin occurrence and conventional chemical compositionin grass silages. The objective of this study was to determine if observed on-farm pre- or post-mowing factors can be used to indicate mycotoxin occurrence or conventional chemical composition traits in grass silages. Over a two year period (2012-2013 and 2013-2014) 290 grass silages were sampled on 145 farms and these consisted of baled (n=115) and pit (n=175) silages. On each farm in each year, a questionnaire was completed and pre- and post-mowingfactors recorded. The preservation quality was better in pit compared to baled silages in both years and in silages made in Year 2 compared with Year 1. On-farm pre- and post-mowing factors were generally not secure indicators of silage conventional chemical characteristics. In contrast, the occurrence of enniatins and beauvericin generally increased with harvesting month (May-October) for grass silages. Visible mould on baled grass silages and a rottedtop layer with pit grass silages were associated with andrastin A, mycophenolic acid and roquefortine C occurrence.
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Bramble, W. C., W. R. Byrnes, R. J. Hutnik, and S. A. Liscinsky. "Prediction of Cover Type on Rights-Of-Way After Maintenance Treatments." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 17, no. 2 (1991): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1991.012.
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Plant cover occurring on electric transmission rights-of-way after commonly used maintenance treatments was studied in two Physiographic Provinces in Pennsylvania (Allegheny Mountain and Piedmont) to predict cover type development. At both locations, a tree sprout-shrub cover type developed after handcutting; a grass-forb-shrub cover type after mowing; a grass-forb cover type after mowing plus herbicide and stem-foliage sprays; a forb-grass cover type after foliage spraying; and a shrub-forb-grass cover type after selective basal spraying. Data from other studies showed that aerial spraying produced a grass-forb cover type. The plant species composition of each cover type is described for both Physiographic Provinces.
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Plaza, Christian, Olga Ramos, Dario Amaya, and Alvaro Espinel. "Autonomous Robot Prototype for Grass Mowing." International Review of Mechanical Engineering (IREME) 17, no. 6 (2023): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.15866/ireme.v17i6.23422.
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Rahayu, Rahayu, Mujiyo Mujiyo, Randy Ramadhan, Geun Mo Yang, and Joon Soo Choi. "Effect of Shading and Mowing on the Growth of Indonesia’s Native Zoysia grass in Silty Clay Soil." Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 35, no. 2 (2020): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v35i2.40303.
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<p>In general, turfgrass grows well and forms high quality turf under full sun exposure. It is very difficult, however, to grow a warm season turfgrass under shaded condition. Zoysia grass is a popular warm season grass that commonly grow under full sun exposure condition. There are limited information regarding the growth response and turf quality of zoysia grass when grown under shaded condition. This study aims to observe the growth and quality of various zoysia grass local cultivars at different shading intensities and different mowing. This research was carried out using 10 zoysia grass cultivars planted in the rice fields’ vertisol clay with randomized complete block design. The shading used were control, shade-nets with 25% and 65% hole densities. Zoysia grass was fertilized using NPK; 4:1:3 and mowed three times. The results showed that plants without shade, 25% and 65% received on average solar irradiance of 25,141; 12,456 and 3,727 lux. The increase in shade level decreased the shoot fresh weight, dry weight, root dry weight and the plant height. Shading and frequent mowing effected the plant height. Mowing has more effect on plant height in 25% shading than in 65% shading. The increase in shading, in mowed grass showed increased plant height and decreased plant dry weight. Mowing three times can reduce plant height in all shades. The grasses under 25% shading resulted the highest plant dry weight; whereas and shading 65% resulted the lowest. Plant dry weight and uniformity of turf were affected by the cultivars.</p>
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Hanumantha, Reddy, N. S. Sreenidhi, Salma, and H. Shruthi. "Automated Grass Cutter Using Renewable Energy." Journal of Scholastic Engineering Science and Management (JSESM), A Peer Reviewed Refereed Multidisciplinary Research Journal 4, no. 1 (2025): 24–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14762297.
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The Automatic Grass Cutter using Solar Energy offers an eco-friendly and efficient approach to lawn care. Powered by solar panels, it minimizes reliance on traditional electricity, reducing environmental impact and operational costs. Equipped with advanced sensors and GPS navigation, the mower autonomously navigates and adjusts its mowing patterns, optimizing coverage and energy usage. Users can conveniently schedule mowing times, monitor battery status, and receive performance analytics via a user-friendly mobile app. This innovative solution promotes sustainability while ensuring a well-maintained lawn.
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Neumann, Carsten, Anne Schindhelm, Jörg Müller, Gabriele Weiss, Anna Liu, and Sibylle Itzerott. "The Regenerative Potential of Managed Calluna Heathlands—Revealing Optical and Structural Traits for Predicting Recovery Dynamics." Remote Sensing 13, no. 4 (2021): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13040625.
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The potential of vegetation recovery through resprouting of plant tissue from buds after the removal of aboveground biomass is a key resilience strategy for populations under abrupt environmental change. Resprouting leads to fast regeneration, particularly after the implementation of mechanical mowing as part of active management for promoting open habitats. We investigated whether recovery dynamics of resprouting and the threat of habitat conversion can be predicted by optical and structural stand traits derived from drone imagery in a protected heathland area. We conducted multivariate regression for variable selection and random forest regression for predictive modeling using 50 spectral predictors, textural features and height parameters to quantify Calluna resprouting and grass invasion in before-mowing images that were related to vegetation recovery in after-mowing imagery. The study reveals that Calluna resprouting can be explained by significant optical predictors of mainly green reflectance in parental individuals. In contrast, grass encroachment is identified by structural canopy properties that indicate before-mowing grass interpenetration as starting points for after-mowing dispersal. We prove the concept of trait propagation through time providing significant derivates for a low-cost drone system. It can be utilized to build drone-based decision support systems for evaluating consequences and requirements of habitat management practice.
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Tolson, Josh A., J. D. Green, William W. Witt, Greg J. Schwab, and Joseph A. Omielan. "Integrated Management Strategies Reduced Tall Ironweed (Vernonia altissima) Populations and Weed Biomass and Improved Tall Fescue Pasture Productivity." Weed Science 60, no. 1 (2012): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-11-00067.1.
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Field studies were used to examine the management strategies of mowing, herbicide, fertility, and all possible combinations on tall ironweed populations, weed biomass, and pasture yield at three Kentucky locations. Mowing was performed in July 2008 and 2009, herbicide was applied in August 2008, and fertilizer was applied in September 2008 and 2009 at all locations. Weed populations were measured in 2008, 2009, and 2010, and forage grass, clover, and weed biomass was collected in May or early June of 2009 and 2010. All treatments with herbicide reduced tall ironweed stems by 64% or greater in 2009 at all locations. Mowing alone, fertilizer alone, and mowing plus fertilizer did not reduce tall ironweed populations, except at one location where mowing alone reduced tall ironweed stems by 64% in 2009. Tall ironweed stems were not reduced in 2010 with any treatment at two locations, but herbicide combined with mowing or fertilizer reduced tall ironweed stems by 78% at the other location. Tall goldenrod population was reduced up to 100% by all treatments with herbicide or mowing alone, and mowing with fertilizer reduced tall goldenrod from 59 to 89%. Treatments did not reduce horsenettle populations. Herbicide-containing treatments reduced weed biomass at all locations. Weed biomass did not differ when comparing all treatments with and without mowing or treatments with or without fertilizer. Forage grass biomass was greatest with herbicide plus fertilizer and with the combination of mowing plus herbicide plus fertilizer at all locations in both years.
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Kvasnitska, L., and H. Voitova. "Productivity of the Syniukha variety alfalfa grass stands of the fourth and fifth years of growing in conditions of the northern Podillia." Feeds and Feed Production, no. 94 (December 27, 2022): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo202294-05.
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Purpose. To evaluate the productivity of feed grass stands of the Sinyuha variety alfalfa according to yield indicators, quality and nutritional value of green mass harvested in the phases of budding and flowering to establish their value for the use in livestock industry in conditions of northern Podillia. Methods. Field experiment (visual and phenological observations of the growth and development of alfalfa plants), calculation, thermostatic, mathematical-statistical. Results. The studies were carried out in the field experiment of the Khmelnytskyi state agricultural research station of the Institute of Feed Research and Agriculture of Podillya of NAAS during 2019-2020 on podzolized medium loam black soil. The optimal phase of mowing alfalfa in the feed grass stands of the fourth-fifth years of life was determined. It is the budding phase, in which the feed productivity of the crop increased: the yield of green mass in the sum of four mowings, which was 2.5 t/ha or 5% higher. Despite a slight difference in dry matter content, its total yield was practically equal to that of the flowering phase. The studied phases of mowing had an impact on the feed productivity of alfalfa. It has been established that, in terms of quality and nutritional value of the leaf-stem mass, a greater accumulation of nutrients occurred during the mowing of alfalfa in the budding phase, when the gross yield of the sum of cuttings was: feed units – 8.78 t, crude protein – 2.39 t, gross energy – 151.52 GJ and exchange energy – 92.12 GJ. Conclusions. To ensure high yields and good feeding qualities of the Sinyukha variety alfalfa grass stands of the fourth-fifth years of cultivation in conditions of northern Podillia, mowing in the budding phase should be applied, what will contribute to the increase in the total yield of green mass with a slight difference in the total dry matter yield and increase in gross yield: feed units, crude protein, gross and metabolizable energy relative to the flowering phase.
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Diao, Huajie, Paul Kardol, Kuanhu Dong, and Changhui Wang. "Effects of nitrogen addition and mowing on nitrogen- and water-use efficiency of Artemisia frigida in a grassland restored from an abandoned cropland." Journal of Plant Ecology 14, no. 3 (2021): 515–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtab006.
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Abstract Aims Competition among plants in a community usually depends on their nitrogen (N)-use efficiency (NUE) and water-use efficiency (WUE) in arid and semi-arid regions. Artemisia frigida is an indicator species in heavily degraded grassland, however, how its NUE and WUE respond to N addition in different successional stages is still unclear, especially with mowing, a common management practice in semi-arid grasslands. Methods Based on a long-term controlled experiment with N addition and mowing in an abandoned cropland from 2006 to 2013, we investigated the NUE and WUE of A. frigida in two patches (i.e. grass and herb patches) in 2013 which represented two potential successional stages from herb to grass communities. The coverage of A. frigida was higher (about 50%) in the herb patch than in the grass patch (about 10%). Stable isotopic C (δ 13C) and N (δ 15N) as well as C and N pools were measured in plants and soils. NUE was calculated as leaf C/N, and leaf δ 13C values were used as a proxy for WUE. Important Findings N addition did not affect WUE of A. frigida, but significantly decreased NUE by 42.9% and 26.6% in grass and herb patches, respectively. The response of NUE to N addition was related to altering utilization of different N sources (NH4+vs. NO3−) by A. frigida according to the changed relationship between leaf δ 15N/soil δ 15N and NUE. Mowing had no effect on NUE regardless of N addition, but significantly increased WUE by 2.3% for A. frigida without N addition in the grass patch. The addition of N reduced the positive effect of mowing on its WUE in grass patch. Our results suggested that decreased NUE and/or WUE of A. frigida under mowing and N addition could reduce its competition, and further accelerate restoration succession from the abandoned cropland to natural grassland in the semi-arid region.
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Zhou, Chengyang, Shining Zuo, Xiaonan Wang, et al. "Effects of Grazing Sheep and Mowing on Grassland Vegetation Community and Soil Microbial Activity under Different Levels of Nitrogen Deposition." Agriculture 12, no. 8 (2022): 1133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12081133.
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Increasing nitrogen deposition plays a critical role in the material circulation of grassland. Mowing and grazing sheep are important means of utilizing grassland. This study investigated the effects of nitrogen deposition, sheep grazing and mowing on the soil, vegetation and soil microorganisms of grassland. N deposition increased soil inorganic nitrogen, SOM and microbial activity, and decreased soil pH, while grazing sheep and mowing had opposing effects. Compared with mowing, grazing sheep decreased the range of grass groups in the community. N deposition increased the proportion of Leymus chinensis in the community and decreased community diversity. N deposition enhanced the contribution rate of soil to the vegetation community, and reduced the effect of microorganisms on the vegetation community. In addition, N deposition significantly interacted with mowing and grazing sheep in terms of effects on soil inorganic nitrogen, soil organic matter (SOM), microbial respiration (Q), microbial mass carbon (MBC), and vegetation diversity. Therefore, appropriate N deposition in sheep grazing and mown grasslands could enhance inorganic N and organic matter, increase microbial activity, offset the adverse effects of grazing sheep and mowing, and contribute to maintaining community diversity and grassland productivity.
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STEPANCHENKO, D. A., S. S. KUKOLEVA, D. S. SEMIN, I. G. EFREMOVA, and N. A. KOLGANOV. "THE STUDY OF SAMPLES OF SUDANESE GRASS ACCORDING TO THE ELEMENTS OF PRODUCTIVITY IN THE DRY-GRAINED VARIANT IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE SARATOV REGION." Scientific Works of North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture Viticulture Wine-making, no. 38 (December 2024): 15–19. https://doi.org/10.30679/2587-9847-2024-38-15-19.
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The article presents an assessment of the productivity elements of the aboveground biomass of the lines and selections of the Sudanese grass of the first and second mowing. The research was carried out at the experimental field of the Federal State Budgetary Research Institution RosNIISK «Rossorgo». The mowing was carried out in the phase of sweeping out the panicles. As a result of statistical analysis of the sample, the nature of their variation was determined, and the best samples were identified for a set of valuable features, and the results are presented in graphs. The highest biomass productivity of the first mowing (> 20,0 t/ga) was formed by the selections O-KSS-92/20, O-KSS-94/20, O-KSS-97/20, O-KSS-123/20 and the L-33-1/17 line. With a higher yield of the second mowing, samples were noted - O-KSS-92/20, O-KSS-94/20, O-KSS-97/20, O-KSS-123/20, O-KSS-87-1/20, L-45. Keywords: SUDAN GRASS, MOWING, PRODUCTIVITY ELEMENTS, SAMPLE ANALYSIS
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Lee, Perry Y. C., and Joshua B. Lee. "A Simple Guide to Lawn Mowing." Recreational Mathematics Magazine 8, no. 14 (2021): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rmm-2021-0004.
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Abstract This paper presents the total time required to mow a two-dimensional rectangular region of grass using a push mower. In deriving the total time, each of the three ‘well known’ (or intuitive) mowing patterns to cut the entire rectangular grass area is used. Using basic mathematics, analytical and empirical time results for each of the three patterns taken to completely cover this rectangular region are presented, and examples are used to determine which pattern provides an optimal total time to cut a planar rectangular region. This paper provides quantitative information to aid in deciding which mowing pattern to use when cutting one’s lawn.
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D. M. Temple. "Stability of Grass Lined Channels Following Mowing." Transactions of the ASAE 28, no. 3 (1985): 750–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.32332.
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ARBEITER, SUSANNE, ANGELA HELMECKE, and JOCHEN BELLEBAUM. "Do Corncrakes Crex crex benefit from unmown refuge strips?" Bird Conservation International 27, no. 4 (2017): 560–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270916000447.
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SummaryCorncrakes Crex crex mainly breed in grassland, where they are threatened by mowing. Conservation requires delayed mowing or modified mowing methods. In large fields, it has been suggested that leaving strips of uncut grass may reduce mortality, especially of unfledged chicks. We attended mowing operations (2012–2015) in the Lower Oder Valley National Park in north-eastern Germany, where 10-m refuge strips were introduced. We documented the escape behaviour of adults and chicks and their use of refuge strips by observations and radio-telemetry. Flightless chicks crossed significantly shorter distances of mown area (< 20 m) than adults. When mowing from the outside inwards, chicks were not able to successfully escape to the field edge at > 31 m, adults at > 60 m distance to the edge and returned to the unmown block. Twenty-three percent of adults, 30% of families and 49% of independent chicks survived in 10 m-wide strips until such strips were either mown or left as refuges. Whereas adults departed the strips the next day, independent chicks stayed for up to 22 days after mowing in 15–30 m wide refuges. We recommend refuge strips for breeding sites where more effective measures cannot be applied. Farmers face less additional effort and lower financial losses compared with delayed mowing. A width of 10 m should be considered as the absolute minimum, because most birds left the cover already > 10 m for the first time and only wider refuges served as temporary habitat for young.
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Toshboltaev, M. T. "RATIONALE FOR WORKING SPEED AND WORING WIDTH OF MINI GRASS MOWING UNIT." Journal of Science and Innovative Development 6, no. 6 (2023): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.36522/2181-9637-2023-6-10.
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Most of the animal stock is mainly fed on farms and homestead plots. Farmers grow the fodder crops required for the stock (corn, clover) on their land plots of 0.5–3 hectares. Technological operations, particularly mowing of crops, are made manually in such small areas as the operational quality of traditional mowing units used on small fi elds is far from good; moreover, they may damage crops and consume plenty of fuel, which may increase costs and cause fi nancial losses to farmers. The operation of mini-grass mowing units can help avoid such nuisances. This needs a rationale for the operating parameters of small units. Rational working rate and working width of a small mower comprising a mini tractor TTZ-30C and a mini mowing unit KOS2,1 the basic methodologies of tractor dynamics and composition of machine-tractor aggregates (calculation of power balance, determination of traction resistance of the unit) have been used for justifying the parameters. An investigation of the power balance has defi ned numerical values for the hook capacity (4,06 kW) and traction resistance (1,195 kN) of a grass mowing unit. A working width of 2.1 m and a rational working speed of 12.23 km/h correspond to these values. A mini mowing unit comprising TTZ-30C and КОС-2,1 is being proposed for operating on smaller farming land plots. The methodologies suggested in this study can be used to justify parameters using identical technical means.
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Harvey, R. M., J. Zahardis, and G. A. Petrucci. "Establishing the contribution of lawn mowing to atmospheric aerosol levels in American suburbs." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 9 (2013): 24435–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-24435-2013.
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Abstract. Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) are a class of wound-induced volatile organic compounds emitted by several plant species. Turfgrasses emit a complex profile of GLVs upon mowing, as evidenced by the "freshly cut grass" smell, some of which are readily oxidized in the atmosphere to contribute to secondary organic aerosol (SOA). The contribution of lawn mowing-induced SOA production may be especially impactful at the urban/suburban interface, where urban hubs provide a source of anthropogenic oxidants and SOA while suburban neighborhoods have the potential to emit large quantities of reactive, mow-induced GLVs. This interface provides a unique opportunity to study aerosol formation in a multi-component system and at a regionally relevant scale. Freshly cut grass was collected from a study site in Essex Junction, Vermont and was placed inside a 775 L Teflon experimental chamber. Thermal desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS) was used to characterize the emitted GLV profile. Ozone was introduced to the experimental chamber and TD-GC/MS was used to monitor the consumption of these GLVs and the subsequent evolution of gas phase products while a scanning mobility particle sizer was used to continuously measure aerosol size distributions and mass loadings as a result of grass clipping ozonolysis. Freshly cut grass found to emit a complex mixture of GLVs, dominated by cis-3-hexenyl acetate and cis-3-hexenol, which were released at an initial rate of 1.8 (±0.5) μg and 0.07 (±0.03) μg per square meter of lawn mowed with each mowing. Chamber studies using pure standards of cis-3-hexenyl acetate (CHA) and cis-3-hexenol (HXL) were found to have aerosol yields of 1.2 (±1.1)% and 3.3 (±3.1)%, respectively. Using these aerosol yields and the emission rate of these CHA and HXL by grass, SOA evolution by ozonolysis of grass clippings was predicted. However, the measured SOA mass produced from the ozonolysis of grass clippings exceeded the predicted amount, by upwards of ~ 150%. The ozonolysis of a mixture of CHA and HXL representative of environmental mixing ratios also failed to accurately model the SOA mass produced by grass clippings. Aerial photographs and geospatial analysis were used to determine the turfgrass coverage in a suburban neighborhood, which was then used along with measured SOA production as a function of grass mowed to determine that lawn mowing has the potential to contribute 47 μg m−2 SOA to the atmosphere per mowing event by ozonolysis, which cannot be modeled solely by the ozonolysis of CHA, HXL or a representative mixture of the two.
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Pirchio, Michel, Marco Fontanelli, Christian Frasconi, et al. "Autonomous Rotary Mower versus Ordinary Reel Mower—Effects of Cutting Height and Nitrogen Rate on Manila Grass Turf Quality." HortTechnology 28, no. 4 (2018): 509–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04064-18.
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High-quality sports turfs often require low mowing and frequent maintenance. Sports turfs often consist of hard-to-mow warm season turfgrasses, such as zoysiagrass (Zoysia sp.) or bermudagrass (Cynodon sp.). Although autonomous mowers have several advantages over manually operated mowers, they are not designed to mow lower than 2.0 cm and are consequently not used on high-quality sports turfs. All autonomous mowers are only equipped with rotary mowing devices and do not perform clipping removal. An ordinary autonomous mower was modified to obtain a prototype autonomous mower cutting at a low height. The prototype autonomous mower was tested on a manila grass (Zoysia matrella) turf and compared its performance in terms of turf quality and energy consumption with an ordinary autonomous mower and with a gasoline reel mower. A three-way factor experimental design with three replications was adopted. Factor A consisted of four nitrogen rates (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg·ha−1), factor B consisted of two mowing systems (autonomous mower vs. walk-behind gasoline reel mower with no clipping removal), and factor C consisted of two mowing heights (1.2 and 3.6 cm). Prototype autonomous mower performed mowing at 1.2-cm mowing height whereas ordinary autonomous mower mowed at 3.6-cm mowing height. The interaction between the mowing system and mowing height showed that the turf quality was higher when the turf was mowed by the autonomous mower and at 1.2 cm than at 3.6 cm. Autonomous mowing not only reduced the mowing quality, but also reduced the leaf width. Lower mowing height induced thinner leaves. Nitrogen fertilization not only increased the overall turf quality, reduced weed cover percentage, but also reduced mowing quality. Autonomous mowers also had a lower energy consumption if compared with the reel mower (1.86 vs. 5.37 kWh/week at 1.2-cm mowing height and 1.79 vs. 2.32 kWh/week at 3.6-cm mowing height, respectively). These results show that autonomous mowers can perform low mowing even on tough-to-mow turfgrass species. They could also be used on high-quality sports turfs, thus saving time as well as reducing noise and pollution.
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Kurhak, V., U. Karbivska, and A. Hmyr. "Features of productivity formation of different maturity terms perennial cereal grasses between mowings depending on the fertilizing system." Feeds and Feed Production, no. 95 (June 27, 2023): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo202395-13.
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Purpose. To establish productivity indicators and terms of mowing perennial grasses of different maturity terms depending on fertilizer, Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. Results. The research results of productivity indicators of different maturity terms perennial grasses depending on the fertilization system between the mowings and the peculiarities of the growth of dry biomass during formation of the first mowing on the sod-podzolic soil of the Carpathian region, conducted during 2011-2013, are presented. Conclusions. Productivity of various types of perennial grasses on nitrogen-free backgrounds in the 1st mowing varied between 1.22-1.67 t/ha of dry mass, in the 2nd – 1.06-1.40, and in the 3rd – in in the range of 0.79-1.01 t/ha of dry mass. The most productive in the 1st mowing were Bromus inermis and Phleum pretense L., in the 2nd – Dactylis glomerata, Festuca orientals (Hack.), and Lolium perenne. The most uniform distribution of the dry mass yield in the mowings with the smallest coefficient of variation (6-12%) was characteristic of the Dactylis glomerata, and the least uniform with the largest coefficient (29-35%) – of the Phleum pretense L. Nitrogen had the greatest effect on the productivity of cereal grass stands. With the application of P60K60, productivity increased by 3-23% compared to the variant without fertilizers, and with the application of N90P60K60 – by 1.8-1.9 times. The highest indicators of daily increase in dry mass (75-206 kg/ha), leaf surface area (30.3-43.1 thousand m2/ha) and net productivity of photosynthesis (1.16-4.78 g/m2 per day) in the 1st mowing fell on the period of tuberization-the beginning of the earing of cereal grasses. The growth of productivity of dry biomass, leaf surface area and net productivity of photosynthesis occurs before the flowering phase of grasses.
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Wemheuer, Bernd, Torsten Thomas, and Franziska Wemheuer. "Fungal Endophyte Communities of Three Agricultural Important Grass Species Differ in Their Response Towards Management Regimes." Microorganisms 7, no. 2 (2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7020037.
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Despite the importance of endophytic fungi for plant health, it remains unclear how these fungi are influenced by grassland management practices. Here, we investigated the effect of fertilizer application and mowing frequency on fungal endophyte communities and their life strategies in aerial tissues of three agriculturally important grass species (Dactylis glomerata L., Festuca rubra L. and Lolium perenne L.) over two consecutive years. Our results showed that the management practices influenced fungal communities in the plant holobiont, but observed effects differed between grass species and sampling year. Phylogenetic diversity of fungal endophytes in D. glomerata was significantly affected by mowing frequency in 2010, whereas fertilizer application and the interaction of fertilization with mowing frequency had a significant impact on community composition of L. perenne in 2010 and 2011, respectively. Taken together, our research provides a basis for future studies on responses of fungal endophytes towards management practices. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study simultaneously assessing fungal endophyte communities in aerial parts of three agriculturally important grass species over two consecutive years.
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Harvey, R. M., J. Zahardis, and G. A. Petrucci. "Establishing the contribution of lawn mowing to atmospheric aerosol levels in American suburbs." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 2 (2014): 797–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-797-2014.
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Abstract. Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) are a class of wound-induced volatile organic compounds emitted by several plant species. Turf grasses emit a complex profile of GLVs upon mowing, as evidenced by the "freshly cut grass" smell, some of which are readily oxidized in the atmosphere to contribute to secondary organic aerosol (SOA). The contribution of lawn-mowing-induced SOA production may be especially impactful at the urban–suburban interface, where urban hubs provide a source of anthropogenic oxidants and SOA while suburban neighborhoods have the potential to emit large quantities of reactive, mow-induced GLVs. This interface provides a unique opportunity to study aerosol formation in a multicomponent system and at a regionally relevant scale. Freshly cut grass was collected from a study site in Essex Junction, Vermont, and was placed inside a 775 L Teflon experimental chamber. Thermal desorption gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS) was used to characterize the emitted GLV profile. Ozone was introduced to the experimental chamber and TD-GC/MS was used to monitor the consumption of these GLVs and the subsequent evolution of gas-phase products, while a scanning mobility particle sizer was used to continuously measure aerosol size distributions and mass loadings as a result of grass clipping ozonolysis. Freshly cut grass was found to emit a complex mixture of GLVs, dominated by \\textit{cis}-3-hexenyl acetate (CHA) and \\textit{cis}-3-hexenol (HXL), which were released at an initial rate of 1.8 (± 0.5) μg and 0.07 (± 0.03) μg per square meter of lawn mowed with each mowing. Chamber studies using pure standards of CHA and HXL were found to have aerosol yields of 1.2 (± 1.1)% and 3.3 (± 3.1)%, respectively. Using these aerosol yields and the emission rate of CHA and HXL by grass, SOA evolution by ozonolysis of grass clippings was predicted. However, the measured SOA mass produced from the ozonolysis of grass clippings exceeded the predicted amount, by upwards of ~150%. The ozonolysis of a mixture of CHA and HXL representative of environmental mixing ratios also failed to accurately model the SOA mass produced by grass clippings. The disparity between measured SOA mass and the predicted SOA mass suggests that grass clippings contain other SOA precursors in addition to CHA and HXL. Aerial photographs and geospatial analysis were used to determine the area of turfgrass coverage in a suburban neighborhood, which was then used along with measured SOA production as a function of grass mowed to determine that lawn mowing has the potential to contribute 47 μg SOA per m−2 of lawn to the atmosphere per mowing event by ozonolysis, which cannot be modeled solely by the ozonolysis of CHA, HXL or a representative mixture of the two.
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Mangold, Jane M., and Allison L. Lansverk. "Testing Control Options for Western Salsify (Tragopogon dubius) on Conservation Reserve Program Lands." Weed Technology 27, no. 3 (2013): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-12-00135.1.
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Western salsify has recently formed dense stands in Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) lands in north-central Montana. Our objective was to test the effects of various herbicide treatments and mowing on western salsify and associated vegetation in CRP lands. Six herbicide treatments and one mowing treatment were applied at three sites in 2010. Herbicide treatments included combinations of glyphosate, 2,4-D, dicamba, and/or metsulfuron-methyl applied when western salsify was either in the rosette or early flowering stage. Mowing was applied at the early flowering stage. Herbicide treatments reduced western salsify and increased perennial grass at one of the three sites, which was the site most dominated by western salsify. When dicamba (0.14 kg ae ha−1) plus 2,4-D (0.48 kg ae ha−1) was applied at the rosette stage, western salsify adult plant density and biomass were reduced to zero and perennial grass biomass increased by 108% in 2010. In 2011, western salsify adult plant density was lower across all herbicide treatments compared to the mowed and nontreated plots. Annual grass density increased by up to 400% when herbicide applications including metsulfuron-methyl were applied at the early flowering stage. Mowing did not control western salsify. Results suggest dicamba plus 2,4-D applied at the rosette stage can provide effective control of western salsify and increase perennial grasses without stimulating the emergence of annual grasses.
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Khoza, Lindiwe R., Alan N. Andersen, and Thinandavha C. Munyai. "Effect of Long-Term Burning and Mowing Regimes on Ant Communities in a Mesic Grassland." Diversity 15, no. 9 (2023): 996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15090996.
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Ecological disturbance is fundamental for grassland management and the maintenance of its biodiversity. Fire and grazing are the primary habitat disturbances influencing the structure and composition of grassland ecosystems, both acting to remove grass biomass. Little is known about the effects of such grass biomass removal on grassland ants, an ecologically dominant faunal group. Our study assesses the response of ant communities to long-term experimental burning and mowing treatments in a South African mesic grassland. The study’s main objectives were (i) to assess the effect of frequency and season of burning and mowing on ant species richness and composition and (ii) to identify indicator species associated with the various grassland management treatments. The experiment included two fully crossed fire treatments: frequency (annual, biennial, and triennial) and season (late winter and after spring rains), along with annual mowing and an undisturbed control. Ants were sampled using pitfall traps in 27 plots, comprising 18 burnt, 6 mown, and 3 controls. The mean species richness in the burnt plots (22.38 ± 3.71) was far higher than in the control (23 ± 2.0) or mown (21.0 ± 2.28) plots. However, the total richness (combining plots) did not vary among treatments. Four of the nine most common species showed a statistically significant response to experimental treatment, but there were no significant treatment effects on overall species composition. Three indicator species (IndVal > 70%) were identified for the control plots, and detector species (IndVal 50–70%) were identified for annual, biennial, and triennial burning treatments. Our findings demonstrate that ant communities in this grassland system are highly resilient to burning and mowing, and that fire promotes diversity at the plot scale. Our identified indicator and detector species can be used as a focus for ongoing monitoring of biodiversity change in our grassland system, including in response to woody expansion.
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Kolecka, Natalia, Christian Ginzler, Robert Pazur, Bronwyn Price, and Peter Verburg. "Regional Scale Mapping of Grassland Mowing Frequency with Sentinel-2 Time Series." Remote Sensing 10, no. 8 (2018): 1221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10081221.
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Grassland use intensity is a topic of growing interest worldwide, as grasslands are integral in supporting biodiversity, food production, and regulating of the global carbon cycle. Data available for characterizing grasslands management are largely descriptive and collected from laborious field campaigns or questionnaires. The recent launch of the Sentinel-2 earth monitoring constellation provides new possibilities for high temporal and spatial resolution remote sensing data covering large areas. This study aims to evaluate the potential of a time series of Sentinel-2 data for mapping of mowing frequency in the region of Canton Aargau, Switzerland. We tested two cloud masking processes and three spatial mapping units (pixels, parcel polygons and shrunken parcel polygons), and investigated how missing data influence the ability to accurately detect and map grassland management activity. We found that more than 40% of the study area was mown before 15 June, while the remaining part was either mown later, or was not mown at all. The highest accuracy for detection of mowing events was achieved using additional clouds masking and size reduction of parcels, which allowed correct detection of 77% of mowing events. Additionally, we found that using only standard cloud masking leads to significant overestimation of mowing events, and that the detection based on sparse time series does not fully correspond to key events in the grass growth season.
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Ingle, Dr A. H. "Literature Review on Design and Fabrication of Agriculture Machine by Using “A. I. S.”." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (2022): 3377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.44632.
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Abstract: Manual spraying of pesticides and herbicides to crops and weed inhibitors onto the field are quite laborious work to humans. Manual trimming of selected unwanted plants or harvested crops from the field is also difficult. Our project proposes a multipurpose solar powered, flexible, Remote Controlled, semi-automated spraying machine with 4 Degrees of Freedom (DoF) in spatial movement, with an additional plant mowing equipment. The machine is designed to spray pesticide/insecticide directly onto individual lesions minimizing wastage or excess chemical spraying, hence making the system cost effective and also environment friendly. It is designed to cut down undesired plants selectively by remotely controlling the start and stop of the mowing system. Alternatively, it also serves the purpose of maintaining lawns and sports field made of grass. The same system can be used for water spraying and mowing the grass to desired levels, leading to proper maintenance of the field.
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Sharma, Yamini, Ashna Acharya, and Rajesh Bhalla. "Optimizing lawn grass species for turf establishment as mono-stand and mixtures under mid hill conditions." Journal of Applied Horticulture 26, no. 02 (2024): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37855/jah.2024.v26i02.41.
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Lawn performs best with minimum inputs when grown in mixtures using more than a single grass specie. A study was conducted under open field conditions to evaluate the performance of four lawn grass species as mono-stand and in mixtures under mid-hill conditions at the Experimental Farm of the Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.) during March, 2020 to March, 2021. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with twelve treatments and three replications. Data was recorded at fortnight intervals for total weed count, chlorophyll content, number of mowing, and overall presentability just after turf establishment. It was observed that all turf grass mixtures, performed better than the monostands, during the entire course of the study. Turf grass mixture (50% ‘Agrostis stolonifera’ + 20% ‘Festuca rubra’ + 20% ‘Lolium perenne’ + 10% ‘Cynodon dactylon)’ required least number of mowing and was presentable throughout the year attaining highest presentability score of 22.98.
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Hogg, Edward H., and Victor J. Lieffers. "The impact of Calamagrostiscanadensis on soil thermal regimes after logging in northern Alberta." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21, no. 3 (1991): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x91-048.
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The grass Calamagrostiscanadensis (Michx.) Nutt. often forms a dense growth after logging in the boreal forest region of western Canada. Mowing treatments were applied experimentally to examine the effects of C. canadensis shoot biomass and litter on soil thermal regimes. In unmowed sites with heavy accumulations of shoot biomass and litter (768 g•m−2), thawing of soil in the spring was delayed by up to 1 month compared with sites subjected to frequent mowing. Mean soil temperature from May to August at the 10-cm depth averaged 3.8 °C warmer in mowed plots than in unmowed plots. Mowing also caused a three- to four-fold increase in the diurnal variation in soil temperature. Based on the results from different mowing treatments, it appeared that the presence of standing dead C. canadensis shoots and litter was more important than living biomass in producing cold soils. Undisturbed sites dominated by Epilobiumangustifolium L. (fireweed), which does not form a persistent litter layer, had warmer soils than unmowed C. canadensis sites. Cold soils could partly explain the poor growth of conifer seedlings that often occurs after planting in grass-dominated boreal sites.
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Hsia, Kuo-Hsien, Yao-Shing Huang, Kuo-Lan Su, and Jr-Hung Guo. "Mechanism of Autonomous Mowing Robot for Long Grass." Proceedings of International Conference on Artificial Life and Robotics 22 (January 19, 2017): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5954/icarob.2017.os2-5.
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Inbar, Efraim, and Eitan Shamir. "‘Mowing the Grass’: Israel’sStrategy for Protracted Intractable Conflict." Journal of Strategic Studies 37, no. 1 (2013): 65–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01402390.2013.830972.
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Hetman, Nadiia, and Borys Danyliuk. "AGROBIOLOGICAL JUSTIFICATION OF SEEDING ALFALFA YIELD DEPENDING ON VARIETY AND PERIODS OF GRASS HARVESTING." Agriculture and Forestry, no. 3 (34) (October 22, 2024): 24–34. https://doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2024-3-3.
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The analysis of long-term studies of seed alfalfa yield formation depending on the timing of mowing the grass stand by the phases of growth and development of the crop is presented. According to the years of research, biological groups of varieties of different geographical origin or one variety of seed alfalfa were studied in the experiments. The models of grass stand alienation included the following growth and development phases: budding, beginning of flowering and flowering. It has been established that during the research in 1986-1990 for four years of alfalfa sowing vegetation, mowing the grass stand in the budding phase leads to a decrease in the yield of feed units by 1.89-4.13 t/ha, compared to harvesting it at the beginning of flowering. The use of the first mowing of alfalfa in the flowering phase and the subsequent ones at the beginning of flowering and in budding contributed to an increase in the yield of feed units by 0.34-2.34 t/ha in the varieties Vinnychanka, Nadezhda and Yaroslavna. Sowing alfalfa of the Regina variety in the second and third years of life provided a maximum dry matter yield of 9.90-11.34 and 9.26-9.95 t/ha, respectively, for all mowing at the beginning of the flowering phase against the background of mineral fertilizers in a dose of N60 P60 K90. Sowing alfalfa of the Sinyukha variety, when mowed in the following sequence: budding - budding - budding - beginning of flowering, provided the highest dry matter yield of 10.41 t/ha under uncovered cultivation with the application of herbicide, which is 32.7-37.9% more compared to the cover crop method. During two years of intensive use of the grass stand, regardless of varietal characteristics, against the background of phosphorus-potassium fertilisers, the alfalfa variety Rosana provided the highest yield of crude protein of 3.25 t/ha when modelling mowing in the following sequence: 1st mowing in flowering, 2nd - beginning of flowering, 3rd - budding. The southern varieties Unitro and Nasoloda provided a crude protein yield of 3.04-3.21 t/ha, Banat VS - 3.18 t/ha, and the lowest was in the variety Narechena Severa - 2.52 t/ha. The highest yield of dry matter was provided by grass stands that were mowed at the beginning of flowering of seed alfalfa at a row spacing of 12.5 cm. The dry matter yield of Rosana was 13.93 t/ha and 13.77 t/ha of Angelica at a seeding rate of 8.0 million/ha.
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KONDRATUK, Dmytro, Olena TRUKHANSKA, and Maksym PRIADKIN. "ANALYSIS OF ROTARY MOWER DESIGNS – CONDITIONERS." ENGINEERING, ENERGY, TRANSPORT AIC, no. 1(124) (April 22, 2024): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2520-6168-2024-1-12.
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An integral operation of any technology of harvesting hay is mowing the grass, the quality of which depends on the collection of hay from a unit of area, as well as the growth of grass and the yield of grass in the following years. Modern rotary mowers are able to cut grass with high quality, regardless of the state of the stem. The main types of rotary mowers are disc and drum. Their productivity is 20-30% higher than the productivity of segment-finger mowers. The quality of hay largely depends on the drying speed of the vegetative organs of the mown plants. In order to equalize the drying speed of grass stems and leaves, rotary mowers are equipped with roller or impact (conditioners) flattening devices. The quality of grass flattening is affected by the material from which the rollers are made and the shape of their surface. With the same profile of the surface of the rollers, the efficiency of flattening with steel rollers is higher than with those covered with polymer materials. However, their work is accompanied by increased mechanical losses due to leaf breakage. In order to make the flattening rollers work smoother, rubber or polyurethane is applied to their surface. Fluted rollers flatten the grass more intensively than smooth rollers. Roller flatteners provide high-quality work when a layer of grass of uniform thickness is fed into the gap between the rollers. On the contrary, the number of unflattened stems increases. Roller-type tedders are less harsh on the grass than dynamic tedders, therefore, in order to reduce losses from breaking off leaves and inflorescences, they are recommended for working with leguminous grasses. Since the flattening devices of dynamic action are less sensitive to the unevenness of the mass supply, it is advisable to use them when mowing grasses with an uneven density of grass and cereal grasses.
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Pavlyuchik, E. N., A. D. Kapsamun,, N. N. Ivanova, V. A. Tyulin, and O. S. Silina. "The role of perennial grasses in creating a sustainable feed base by conveyor use." Agricultural Science Euro-North-East 20, no. 3 (2019): 238–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2019.20.238-246.
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Currently, the most urgent task in improving the industry of feed production is the creation of green and raw materials conveyors, which will allow an uninterrupted supply of vegetable raw materials from early spring to late autumn for feeding farm animals and preparing high-quality feed. The research has shown that the most optimal time for mowing alfalfaclover-cereals mixtures with high fodder values is the budding phase - the start of flowering of legume grasses in the conveyor system with 10.6-15.2% of raw protein content in the crop. It was noted that the cultivation of meadow clover varieties of various ripening time mixed with a wide range of alfalfa and cereal grasses lead to the decrease in the effect of unfavorable weather conditions and to 15-20% increase in grass mixtures productivity. The article presents recommendations for the extension of the productive longevity of grass stands up to five years using mixtures with different ripening varieties of meadow clover and alfalfa with grass components of a new generation with productivity up to 32.8 t / ha of green mass. According to the field test of 2013-2017, the article provides data on the green mass productivity of alfalfa-clover-cereals grass stands with the addition of early ripening varieties of grasses, which for two mowings averaged 29.4 t / ha in 2013-2014 and 30.1 t / ha in 2015-2017. The methods of creating and using grass mixtures have been indicated, the best time for mowing has been defined by conveyor use of them in the Upper Volga region. The scheme of the green and raw materials conveyor with the use of differently ripening grass mixtures, consisting of new species and varieties of forage grasses of different periods of ripening, is given. It has been established that the use of legume-grass mixtures allows to obtain high-quality raw material for the production of bulk feed within 110-120 days, which acts as the way to increase the efficiency of fodder production. An expanded range of fodder grasses creates the conditions for improving the sustainability of fodder production in less dependence on extreme weather conditions.
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Házi, Judit, Károly Penksza, András Barczi, Szilárd Szentes, and Gergely Pápay. "Effects of Long-Term Mowing on Biomass Composition in Pannonian Dry Grasslands." Agronomy 12, no. 5 (2022): 1107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051107.
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This study is focused on the vegetation of seminatural dry grasslands. These grasslands are valuable with large biodiversity; however, their long-term preservation requires regular conservation management. This report demonstrates the results of a 13-years mowing experiment, designed to suppress the spread of an unpalatable grass species, Calamagrostis epigejos. The study site was located in mid-successional grasslands, in the Western-Cserhát, near Rád, Northern Hungary. The experimental design consisted of eight permanent plots, where mowing was applied twice a year. The vegetation was sampled annually (from 2001 to 2013). The impacts of mowing were tested using repeated–measures analyses of variance (ANOVA). In 2001, Calamagrostis epigejos was the species with the highest cover in both the mown and control sites, with an average cover value of 63%. However, as a result of mowing, a significant difference was detected in the amount of litter and legumes species as well. The number of species showed an increase in both types of treatment, from 15 to 37 in the mowed plots, but also from 18 to 27 in the control plots. We concluded that mowing twice a year proved to be a useful measure for modifying botanical composition of a grassland. It was well suited for agricultural usage, in particular grazing, which can replace the expensive and time-consuming scythe. Mowing can also be a suitable management measure for controlling native invader species such as Calamagrostis epigejos, and can significantly increase the proportion of species with higher forage values.
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Carvalho Filho, Orlando Monteiro, Humberto Rollemberg Fontes, and Pablo H. Languidey. "Evaluation of an agro forestry system coconut/sheep in costal low lands northeast of Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research 7, no. 4 (2024): e74148. http://dx.doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv7n4-034.
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The integration of coconut cultivation with livestock raising is an alternative that can provide additional income to coconut producers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sheep grazing and mechanical mowing on animal performance and production of giant coconut trees. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with four replications, and the following treatments were evaluated: T0 = Mechanical mowing; T1 = Light stocking rate (2.4 sheep/ha); T2 = Medium stocking rate (3.2 sheep/ha); T3 = Heavy stocking rate (4.0 sheep/ha). In the sub treatments, the effect of manual crowning of coconut trees, in presence and absence, performed twice a year, was evaluated. In the third year of the trial, it was observed that under heavy grazing, there was a decline in weight gain of the animals due to the gradual replacement of the intensively grazed ginger grass (Paspalum maritimum, Trind.) by the Papophorum sp., characterized by low palatability. Mechanical mowing more than doubled the proportion of these grasses in relation to the other species, with no significant differences observed between treatments in coconut production. The effect of crowning was significant (P < 0.05) in the treatments under mowing and in light and medium grazing. The rearing/fattening of sheep, at rates of 2.4 head/ha/year, associated with systematic practices of deworming, mosquito control and mineralization, allows additional production of around 30 kg of live weight/ha, with a cost reduction of two mowings/year, without altering coconut production, when the practice of crowning coconut trees is maintained
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Ghislain, Barbara, Arnaud Farinelle, Benoît Renaud, Anne-Christine François, Clovis P. Wouters, and Dominique-Marie Votion. "Pasture Management to Reduce the Risk of Acer pseudoplatanus Poisoning While Preserving Ecological Sustainability." Land 11, no. 8 (2022): 1345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11081345.
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In spring, grazing equids may suffer from a severe rhabdomyolysis syndrome named atypical myopathy. This environmental intoxication results from ingestion of toxins contained in Acer pseudoplatanus seedlings. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of herbicide spraying and mowing to reduce the toxic pressure of sycamore seedlings. In a first experiment, the efficacy of three herbicides to eradicate seedlings was compared to mowing. In a second experiment, the influence of the mowing timing on pasture productivity was determined. In both experiments, sycamore seedling counting, grass height and botanical composition were determined. In experiment 2, the final harvest biomass and its nutritional value were also determined. Herbicides and mowing both reduced the number of seedlings, which nevertheless disappear naturally over time without intervention (i.e., in control areas). As opposed to mowing, herbicide spraying altered the composition of the pasture flora. Both sprayed and mowed seedlings remain toxic until full decomposition. Early mowing (i.e., early April) did not affect the harvest yield. Late mowing (i.e., end of April) reduced the harvest yield but its nutritional value fitted the horses’ need. In conclusion, mowing is the best strategy to reduce the risk of Acer pseudoplatanus poisoning in grazing equids while preserving ecological sustainability and nutritional value of pastures.
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Zhang, Fan Fan, Lei Yu, Chun Hui Ma, and Wei Hua Lu. "Research on Natural Mowing Steppe Resources Based on AHP in Shaertao Mountain, ZHAOSU Xinjiang." Advanced Materials Research 998-999 (July 2014): 1439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.998-999.1439.
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Natural grass field is an important part of natural grasslands. This paper sets Xinjiang ZHAOSU County Shaertao Mountain natural grass field as an example, treats the eight factors index that can reflect the nature and economic characteristics of grassland resources of natural grass field as a basis, and gives the case of comprehensive evaluation on grassland resources of natural grass field by the AHP to provide a reference for other researchers.
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Zhang, Yinkun, Yanling Yin, Erick Amombo, Xiaoning Li, and Jinmin Fu. "Different mowing frequencies affect nutritive value and recovery potential of forage bermudagrass." Crop and Pasture Science 71, no. 6 (2020): 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp19369.
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Mowing is one of the most effective methods of pasture management, and frequency plays a critical role in management strategies. Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) is a highly valuable forage grass due to its exceptionally high mowing recovery rate and its high potential to be used as a forage crop. In China, bermudagrass is increasingly becoming a crucial forage crop because of the growing demand from the livestock industry. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of mowing frequencies on forage bermudagrass (‘Wrangler’) yields and nutritive value. Four treatments with different mowing frequencies (2, 4, 6 and 12 weeks) were evaluated. Harvested grasses were assessed for yield and nutritive value. The shoot dry weight, crude fibre and N content did not exhibit any difference at various mowing frequencies. The highest content of crude protein was attained at the 2-weeks mowing frequency, although the 4-weeks mowing frequency resulted in a relatively higher shoot fresh weight, crude fat content, water content, P concentration and plant height. A persistently high upregulation of NRT1, PHT1, PHT2, AOC, AOS, MYC2 and NCED1 genes were observed at 4-weeks frequency. Yield was highest at 4- and 6-weeks mowing frequencies. Consequently, the 4-weeks frequency was considered to be the optimal mowing frequency in view of the forage quality and regrowth capacity.
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KERNERMAN, S., J. MCCULLOUGH, and D. OWNBY. "Increased concentrations of airborne grass allergen during lawn mowing." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 90, no. 1 (1992): 131–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0091-6749(06)80022-9.
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IWANO, Yuki, Taiki TSUCHIMOTO, Yusuke TAKAOKA, and Kojiro IIZUKA. "Verification of Grass Density Checking System for Mowing System." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2022 (2022): 1P1—A07. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2022.1p1-a07.
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BAIDALINA, S., M. BAIDALINA, A. KHUSAINOV, N. KAZYDUB, and A. BAIKEN. "PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY, PRODUCTIVITY, AND NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF MOWING AND GRAZING PHYTOCENOSES DEPENDING ON THE SPECIES COMPOSITION OF GRASSES." SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics 55, no. 3 (2023): 825–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.18.
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Studies of the photosynthetic activity of perennial grass mixtures allow for describing the peculiarities of the formation of perennial grass species forage productivity in the dry steppe zone. The study aimed to evaluate the cumulative effect of perennial cereal and legume grasses as part of complex grass mixtures on photosynthetic activity, productivity, and nutritional value of mowing and grazing phytocenoses. Adapting multicomponent grass created from various species of perennial grasses to the continental climate of the steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan commenced, capable of resisting biotic and abiotic stresses due to biological characteristics and positively influencing other species in the phytocenoses. The study determined photosynthetic activity, the yield of green and dry masses, dry matter content, crude protein, metabolizable energy of natural pasture, single-species sowing of awnless brome, and multicomponent grass mixtures. The communal herbage obtained as a result of the study contained a large amount of crude protein (20.6%–24.7%), crude fat (2.0%–4.2%), crude fiber (18.0%–22.7%), crude ash (7.1%–7.7%), and nitrogen-free extractive substances (35.0%– 44.1%). The results further enunciated that the perennial grass herbage in question had an average photosynthetic potential of 1,450,330 m2×day ha-1 in single-species awnless brome crops, while in grass mixtures the said potential was higher, ranging from 1,510,250 to 1,815,250 m2×day ha-1. The authors concluded that it was necessary to create mowing and grazing fields composed of productive and stable perennial grass mixtures on degraded pasture lands to increase available forage for farm animals and improve the system's resistance to adverse conditions.
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M, Ravikumar H., Thejaswini Bai M. L, Vinayaka B, Lalitha B, and Usama H. "Solar Agricultural Sprayer Robot." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 5 (2023): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.51398.
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Abstract: Manual spraying of pesticides and herbicides to crops and weed inhibitors onto the field are quite laborious work to humans. Manual trimming of selected unwanted plants or harvested crops from the field is also difficult. Our project proposes a multipurpose solar powered, flexible, Remote Controlled, semi-automated spraying robot with 4 Degrees of Freedom (DoF) in spatial movement, with an additional plant mowing equipment. The robot is designed to spray pesticide/insecticide directly onto individual lesions minimizing wastage or excess chemical spraying, hence making the system cost effective and also environment friendly. It is designed to cut down undesired plants selectively by remotely controlling the start and stop of the mowing system. Alternatively, it also serves the purpose of maintaining lawns and sports field made of grass. The same system can be used for water spraying and mowing the grass to desired levels, leading to proper maintenance of the field. The robot is designed to move at 1.4m/s, with an effective spraying area of 0.98 sq. m. by the nozzle and an effective cutting area of 0.3 sq. m. by the mower, when stationary. The prototype has a battery back-up of 7.2hrs under minimum load conditions.