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1
Yakovenko, V. M. "Macro- and micro-morphological differentiation of humus-accumulative horizon of forest soils." Fundamental and Applied Soil Science 17, no. 3-4 (November 22, 2016): 64–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/041614.
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The paper presents the results of studies of macro- and micromorphological differentiation of the surface humus-accumulative horizon (A) of forest soils of the steppe zone of Ukraine. The study groups included typical soil profiles of natural ravine, wall (slope of the river bank) and floodplain forests, and chernozem under grassy and artificial tree vegetation within Prisamarya Dniprovsky (Novomoskovsk district, Dnipropetrovsk region). In the macromorphological study, the method of field description of soils recommended by FAO (2012) was used, the characteristics of microstructural soil organization were described in G. Stoops (2003). The differentiation of the surface humus-accumulation horizon (A) of the investigated soils is diagnosed after changes in a number of macro- and micromorphological characteristics of the structural state-morphology and aggregate size, total porosity, void morphology, and addition density. The analysis of morphological characteristics reveals both communities the features of differentiation of the humus-accumulative horizon, and certain differences between the soils of natural forests and Calcic Chernozem. The surface humus-accumulative horizon of Calcic Chernozem, both under grassy and under artificial tree vegetation, is differentiated into two sub-horizons A1 and A2. In the Voronic Luvic Chernozem of natural ravine, Luvic Phaeozem of the pristine (slope of the river bank) forests and Mollic Fluvisol of floodplain forests, the surface horizon is differentiated into three sub-horizons – A1, A2, A3. At the macromorphological level, of the surface humus-accumulative horizon there are synchronous changes in the main characteristics of the structural state - the set and the dominant types of structure, the prevailing dimensions of aggregates within the framework of one type of structure, the total porosity, the diversity of the morphology of the voids, the relative participation of individual types of voids in the formation of pore space, density shape. At the micromorphological level, differentiation is diagnosed on the basis of changes: a set and the relative ratio of different types of microstructure; the ratio of the dominant types of voids and the total area of apparent porosity; morphology of aggregates (shape, size, degree of accomodation of surfaces, intra-aggregate porosity) within a single type of microstructure. The more complex differentiation of the surface humus-accumulative horizon of forest soils in comparison with Calcic Chernozem is due to the greater thickness of the horizon, which causes a significant compaction in the lower direction within the surface horizon and more intensive biological activity (especially soil meso- and microfauna).
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Zhukov, A. V., O. N. Kunah, V. A. Novikova, and D. S. Ganzha. "ФИТОИНДИКАЦИОННОЕ ОЦЕНИВАНИЕ КАТЕНЫ СООБЩЕСТВ ПОЧВЕННОЙ МЕЗОФАУНЫ И ИХ ЭКОМОРФИЧЕСКАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ." Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University 6, no. 3 (November 4, 2016): 91–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/201676.
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The approaches to the use of catena method of studying the diversity of soil animal communities’ arena landscape of the Dnieper River Valley (within the natural reserve “Dnieper-Orelsky” using phytoindication estimation have been developed in the present article. Soil animals ecomorphes have been verified on the basis of main trends variability of environmental conditions which evaluated by means of phytoindication approaches. Monitoring polygon situated in the north-eastern part of the natural reserve "Dnieper-Orelsky". The width of the polygon is 3260 m, height – 2850 m, its total area is 930 hectares. Inside the polygon we selected some five plots: on the slope of the sand dunes at the border the sandy steppe and Acer tataricum shrub; on the slope of the Northern exposure of the Orlova valley in Acer tataricum oak forest with Dáctylis glomeráta; in terrace near the flood plain on the border with the lower part of the slope, in elm-black poplar forest with Glechóma hederácea; in the waterlogged tributary of river Protoch on the border of the marsh and forest ecosystems; in river Protoch in grass community, in a gradient from the marsh community to steppe meadows. Each plot was represented by 105 squares of size 3×3 m. Squares arranged in 7 contiguous rows of 15 squares in each. Plot size was 21×45 m. Big side plot was located along the visually discernible gradient terrain topography and vegetation cover. In each square we made a description of the vegetation with the assessment of the projective cover with a lag of 10%. In the center of each square we sampled soil of 0.25×0.25 m from which the soil macroinvertebrates have been extracted by hand sorting. The ordination of mesopedobionts communities has been applied to multidimensional scaling procedure based on metrics of Bray-Curtis with provisional data on transformation according to Hellinger. The phytoindication estimation of the environmental regimes have been found to be statistically significant predictors of multidimensional scales that obtained after ordination of mesopedobionts communities. Dimension 1 can be explained by edaphotop nutrient status, dimension 2 can be explained by edaphotop humidity, dimension 3 may be explained by soil aeration, dimension 4 may be explained by quantity of carbonates in soil. Dimensions 5 and 6 have a complex factor nature which is difficult to interpret meaningfully. Environmental assessment regimes using phyto-indicative scales enabled set the value of soil carbonate content and aeration in structuring of soil animals communities. The obtained result makes reasonable provision of new ecomorphes of soil animals such as aèromorph and carbonatomorph. Aèromorphes are ecological group that combines soil animals, preferring similar condition of soil aeration, among which are highlighted in aerophyles, sub-aerophyles, hemiaerofobes and subaerofobes. Carbonatomorphes are ecological group that combines soil animals, preferring similar condition of carbonates content in soil, among which are highlighted in carbonatofobes, akarbonatophyles, hemicarbonatophyles, carbonatophyles and hyper-carbonatophyles. Classic catena approach for biogeocenotic and landscape diversity investigation have been supplemented by the assessment of the ecological regimes through phytoindication and ecomorphic analysis of vegetation. Ordinates of ecological regimes are the gradients of variation of soil animal communities. Information and valuable markers of vegetation (phytoindication scale and ecomorphes) can be used as training variables to assess the indicator properties of soil animal communities. Ecomorphes of soil animals reflect the main aspects of the structural organization of their communities and may serve as valuable indicators of the properties and behaviors of soil as environment of living organisms.
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Plaksina, A. L., and P. K. Zadorina. "Using the landscape approach in determining the boundaries of the protected area of the Sintashty cluster of the Arkaim reserve, Russia." South of Russia: ecology, development 15, no. 3 (October 19, 2020): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2020-3-174-180.
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Aim. To select the maximum variety of landscape structural units from the watershed to the Sintashta river. To determine the boundaries of the recommended specially protected area.Material and Methods. The Sintashta protected area is currently composed of tracts which only represent a small part of steppe landscape diversity: bushy tracts and forb-grass floodplain and part of the herb-grass steppe terraces. Based on field physical geography description and cartography using GIS systems, the maximum variety of tracts from the watershed to the river in the territory within which lies the Sintashta archaeological monument complex (the cluster section of the Arkaim reserve) was identified.Results. The course of separate tracts that characterise the steppe landscape from the watershed to the Sintashta River comprises: inclined-undulating banks with gullies and sagebrush-mixed grass steppe, lowland forb-fescue steppe with birch and pine groves, plains grass grassland bushed grassland, flat interfleuve with feather grass-forb steppe with pine and birch groves.Conclusion. The territory of the Sintashta site is unique in its natural and historical content. Preserving it in the future as a territorial system with its enclosing landscapes and cultural monuments will allow a comprehensive approach to the issues of reconstruction and preservation of the natural environment and the understanding of the economic structure of ancient societies. In ordere to preserve the historical and cultural complex in inseparable connection with the natural landscape, it is recommended that selected key tracts be incorporated in the protected area.
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Mustafayev Zhumakhan Suleimenovich,, Kozykeyeva Aliya Tobazhanovna,, Ryskulbekova Laura Meldakhanovna,, Aldiyarova Ainura Esirkepovna,, and Arvydas Povilaitis,. "GEOMORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ILI RIVER BASIN CATCHMENT AREA FOR INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT." NEWS of National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan 5, no. 443 (October 15, 2020): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-170x.114.
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Based on long-term informational and analytical materials of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the Weather and Climate reference portal and stationary meteorological stations of the RSE Kazhydromet located in the catchments of the Ili River basin, which cover the Almaty region (Narynkol, Tekes, Sumbe, Dobyn, Aydarly, Kapshagay, Usharal, Bakanas, Kokzhide, Kuigan) of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Tekes, Xinyuan, Tokkuztara, Yamata, Kuldzh) of the People’s Republic of China and using the law of geographic vertical zoning, the energy resources of river basins and groundwater, the climatic potential of natural systems that characterize the heat and moisture supply of natural landscapes and ecological and hydrogeochemical indicators showing the direction and intensity of the hydrogeochemical process on a spatial scale, which allowed for geomorphological zoning, are determined catchments of the Ili river basin, characterizing the natural functions of the river basin, to have runoff and environment formation, which are the basis for environmental management and environmental engineering.
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Niu, Ting, Xia Li, Yan Fei Zhou, and Zhao Zhao. "Land Resources Information Acquisition Based on Multi-Temporal TM Images." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 3636–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.3636.
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Selected the lower Tarim River in 2000 and 2010 TM / ETM data source, the use of human - machine interaction visual interpretation of data obtained by two interpretation map, interpret the results based on two data LUCC trends in variation analysis, the results show that: in the past 10 years, the Tarim River increased 28735 ha cultivated land (hm2), the natural increase of 25846 hectares of vegetation (hm2). Forest land was slowly decreasing trend, the decrease in the main area into open woodland and urban settlements; high, shrub and grass cover showed a degree of degradation. Conclusion: The study area in recent years has woodland, open forest land reduction and degradation shows the degradation of habitat area, with the increase of human reclamation area, the regional water consumption will significantly increase, which is lower Tarim river water to a certain pressure.
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Melnyk, Anatolii, Mykola Karabiniuk, L. Kostiv, D. Senychak, and B. Yaskiv. "Natural territorial folds of the upper reaches of the Lazeshche basin within the limits of Chornogora." Physical Geography and Geomorphology 90, no. 2 (2018): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/phgg.2018.2.01.
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The article presents the results of the study of the landscape structure of the upper part of the Lazeshchyna basin within the limits of Chornogory. The tracts, streets and highlands were the objects of mapping. The research was carried out according to the methodology of Field Landscape Research by G. P. Miller (1974) with the wide use of literary sources, topographic maps and stock materials (geological, geomorphological maps, maps of Quaternary deposits), aerophotographic and cosmic images, and the ArcGis 10 software environment. Rich landscape features of the study area form six high altitudes: a mild convex denudation alpine-subalpine highlands with white-and-blueberries wilderness and meadow grass on mountain-meadow-brown and mountain-peat and brown soils; sharply concave long-glacial-erosional subalpine highlands with formations of deciduous and coniferous shrubs on mountain-peat and brown soils in a complex with rocky deposits and outcrops of indigenous rocks; mild convex denudation cold forested middle class with the domination of spruce forests on burozems; old-glacial-accumulative wooded middle mountains with the domination of spruce forests on brown soils; steep-eroded erosion-denudation forest of middle with domination of cyprinid and fir-beech- spruce-wood forests on brownfields; terraced bottom of river valleys with cold, humid climates and rivers of flood regime, with formation of fires, gray alder and secondary grass meadows on sod-brown soils and burozems. The morphological structure of highlands is expressed by twenty landscape streams and one hundred and thirty-two tracts. Established that the rough part of the main ridge of Chornogory between the peaks of Hoverla and Petros belongs to the high-altitude area of the miteconvex denudation forest middle middle with the domination of spruce forests on the brownfields, and not to the high-altitude area of the miteconvex denudation Alpine subalpine highlands with white-and-blueberries and wild mushrooms on mountain-meadow-brown-earth and mountain-t'orfyano-brown soils, as previously thought. For the first time, for the territory of the Ukrainian Carpathians, within the terraced bottoms of the river valleys with cool climate and rivers of flood regime, with the formation of feldspar, gray alder and secondary grass meadows on sod-brown soils and burozems, two new rows were discovered and encoded: the convex surfaces of low ridges composed of proluvial (muddy) deposits, represented by the depths, gravel and loam with crushed stone, with moisturite on rubbers; and the surfaces of the terraces are made in the water-glacial sediments represented by boulders, loams and sunsets and boulders and sand-pebble alluvium in the rivers of the year with the formation of fir and green alder on brown soils.
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Vaikasas, Saulius, and Alfonsas Rimkus. "Hydraulic Modelling of Suspended Sediment Deposition in an Inundated Floodplain of the Nemunas Delta." Hydrology Research 34, no. 5 (October 1, 2003): 519–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2003.0022.
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Floods of meadows in the delta of the river Nemunas contribute to the deposition and retention of sediments and nutrient that would otherwise deposit in the Curonian Lagoon. In grassland area of the Nemunas delta the formation of alluvial soil occurs according to the flood dynamic rules: water discharging into the valley leaves suspended sediments on the soil surface. By mathematical modelling it was established that about 35% of suspended sediments inflow deposited there. Due to sand particles deposited during the study period (1950-1991), the natural river bank levee rose by 0.3 m. Fine clay and silt particles deposited uniformly within the entire model area and formed a 4-6 mm thick layer there. It contained about 50-60 t/ha of silt deposits. The valley soils were naturally fertilized with 250 t of potassium, 950 t of phosphorus, 38,000 t of calcium, and even 147,000 t of organic matter saturated with nitrogen. Certain amount of heavy metals also deposited there. The deposition process has not yet been adequately investigated under the conditions of flow bed covered by grass. It was established that grass cover intensified the sediment deposition in the floodplain. Considering calculation results and measurement data, the process of suspended sediment deposition was analysed and new formulas were derived. It was established that in order to increase sedimentation in the valley, it would be necessary to increase water discharge overflowing from river bed into the delta valley.
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Sun, Fan, Yi Wang, Yaning Chen, Yupeng Li, Qifei Zhang, Jingxiu Qin, and Patient Mindje Kayumba. "Historic and Simulated Desert-Oasis Ecotone Changes in the Arid Tarim River Basin, China." Remote Sensing 13, no. 4 (February 11, 2021): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13040647.
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The desert-oasis ecotone, as a crucial natural barrier, maintains the stability of oasis agricultural production and protects oasis habitat security. This paper investigates the dynamic evolution of the desert-oasis ecotone in the Tarim River Basin and predicts the near-future land-use change in the desert-oasis ecotone using the cellular automata–Markov (CA-Markov) model. Results indicate that the overall area of the desert-oasis ecotone shows a shrinking trend (from 67,642 km2 in 1990 to 46,613 km2 in 2015) and the land-use change within the desert-oasis ecotone is mainly manifested by the conversion of a large amount of forest and grass area into arable land. The increasing demand for arable land for groundwater has led to a decline in the groundwater level, which is an important reason for the habitat deterioration in the desert-oasis ecotone. The rising temperature and drought have further exacerbated this trend. Assuming the current trend in development without intervention, the CA-Markov model predicts that by 2030, there will be an additional 1566 km2 of arable land and a reduction of 1151 km2 in forested area and grassland within the desert-oasis ecotone, which will inevitably further weaken the ecological barrier role of the desert-oasis ecotone and trigger a growing ecological crisis.
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Kiptach, Fedir, and Iryna Koynova. "Organization of land use of territory of village of councils based on the landscape." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 50 (December 28, 2016): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2016.50.8693.
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The large-scale landscape maps necessity in developing projects and proposals for agriculture, forestry land-use and erosion protection were justified. Natural conditions of land-use in Nova Syniava community in Stara Syniava district in Khmelnytskyi region were described and analyses of land structure were made. Accordingly, land structure is characterized by ecologically destabilizing lands, including arable lands, lands that were withdrawn from agriculture production and forestry (outbuildings, houses, roads, open-casts, exterior use lands) are prevailing. They cover 80,6 % (in particular, arable lands – 71,8 %) of total community lands. And, vice versa, ecologically stabilizing lands (gardens, pastures, grasslands, shrubs, forest belts, forests, swamps, water covered lands) cover a small percentage – 19,4 of total research area. Therefore, erosive soils cover a significant percentage – 51,3 % of total area. Soil erosion caused decreasing of soil fertility and yields of agriculture. The average weighted losses of humus in arable horizon of soils (0–30 cm) compared with full-profile standard analogues are 0,5–0,6 %. First step of developing sustainable ecological landscape systems were justified by using a principle of land resource restoration and strengthening of their self-regulation through increasing the area of ecologically stabilized lands by low productivity lands and by their location with taking into consideration a complex morphological structure of landscape systems. Landscape systems of research area were classified by genesis and type of their economic use. Arable lands should cover no more than 52,4 % of the total community area. In particular, 16,1 % is recommended to use for field grain-steam tilled crop rotations and cultivating all agriculture crops of this zone by using intensive agriculture systems and the widespread introduction of their ecological links; 27,9 % is recommended to use for field grain-steam tilled crop rotations and cultivating all agriculture crops of this zone by using ecological systems of agriculture provided soil cultivation, sowing and caring for crops according to the elevation line directions. 8,4% is recommended to use for field grain-grass or grass-grain soil protected crop rotations with total exclusion of row crops. 38,8 % of total community land area should be covered by perennial plants (6,6 %), grasslands (17,0 %), shrubs and forest belts (0,31 %), forests (11,7 %), swamps (1,09 %), lands covered by water (1,2 %). Other 8,8 % are covered by outbuildings and houses (1,2 %), roads (2,0 %), opencasts (0,8 %) and exterior use lands (4,8 %). Key words: forest steppe, landscape systems, land-use, lands, crop rotations.
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Shinde, S. D., K. A. Patil, and P. A. Sadgir. "Assessment of River and Groundwater Quality and its Suitability for Domestic Uses in Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India." Current World Environment 11, no. 2 (August 25, 2016): 439–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.11.2.12.
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The ongoing degradation of the water quality of central Maharashtra’s basaltic aquifer is of great concern for different authorities and agencies involved in the water sector in the Maharashtra, India. The Kham river, which is one of the major tributaries of the Godavari river, receives all domestic and industrial waste water from the Aurangabad city. The river, with no natural flow in the dry season, is extensively used for irrigation. In order to evaluate the quality of river and groundwater in the study area, eight river water and forty groundwater samples along right and left bank of the Kham river were collected and analyzed for various parameters. Physical and chemical parameters of the river and groundwater such as pH, TDS, EC, SO4, NO3 and heavy metals like Pb, Cr, Cd, Zn, and Cu were determined. The results show that the river and groundwater of the area is generally unfit for domestic uses. Most of the physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals in the river and groundwater samples have higher value than the World Health Organization (WHO, 2006) and Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS, 2003) guidelines.
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Kuzovenko, Oksana Anatolyevna, and Yana Anatolyevna Samotueva. "Ecological-floristic characteristics of the specially protected natural area «Kostinskie Loga» (Samara Region)." Samara Journal of Science 9, no. 4 (November 30, 2020): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv202094113.
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The paper considers ecological-floristic characteristics of the specially protected natural area Kostinskie Loga, located in the southern part of the Samara Region (Bolshechernigovsky and Bolsheglushitsky Districts). The research area belongs to the subzone of fescue-feather grass steppes. The flora is represented by 240 species of vascular plants belonging to 160 genera, 49 families, 2 classes and 1 division. Ecological-cenotic analysis was used to assess the ecosystem diversity of the nature sanctuary. The leading groups for phytocenotic affinity are identified: steppe (65 species; 27,1%) and meadow-steppe (54 species; 22,5%), which indicates a good preservation of steppe biomes and demonstrates landscape features of the nature sanctuary. The low value of the synanthropization index (15,8%) reflects a moderate level of anthropogenic load. The adventive component of the flora is represented by 30 plant species (12,5%), among which the degree of naturalization is dominated by epecophytes (10,8%), the time of introduction by neophytes (6,7%), the methods of introduction are dominated by xenophytes (27 species; 11,3%). The analysis of flora identified 6 species included in the Black book of Central Russia (Acer negundo, Atriplex tatarica, Cyclachaena xanthiifolia, Hordeum jubatum, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Xanthium albinum). The introduction of alien plants into natural communities occurs due to pasture digression in areas bordering the territory of the nature sanctuary. In general, the degree of anthropogenic transformation of the flora in most of the territory is expressed slightly, the vegetation cover retains natural features inherent in the steppe zone. A high degree of preservation of steppe communities with a significant participation of rare representatives of flora (14,6%) creates prerequisites for the organization of one of the steppe reserve sections of the Samara Region.
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Ilyina, Valentina, Anna Mitroshenkova, Stepan Senator, Vera Solovyeva, and Stanislav Rogov. "Impact of natural fires on the vegetation cover of steppe and forest-steppe zones (European part of Russia, Middle Volga region)." E3S Web of Conferences 265 (2021): 01019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126501019.
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The effect of natural fires on the vegetation cover of steppe and forest-steppe zones in the south-east of European Russia (the middle course of the Volga River) has been evaluated. The research used methods of studying biosystems at organism, species, population and cenotic levels. The study revealed the possibility of regrowth of aboveground plant parts after fires, changes in the population structure of species, and resistance of populations and zonal plant communities to the effects of natural fires. The most vulnerable among zonal vegetation types are pine forests, feather-grass and petrophytic steppes. Frequency, intensity and area of natural fires in the Middle Volga region cause significant changes in the structure of vegetation cover and reduction of biodiversity. The results obtained in the study of the impact of fires on vegetation can be used in the planning and implementation of environmental and reforestation measures.
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Bulokhov, A. D., Yu A. Semenishchenkov, and N. N. Panasenko. "Nitrophilous grassy communities of the class Epilobietea angustifolii Tx. et Preising ex von Rochow 1951 in the Sozh-Desna interfluve." Vegetation of Russia, no. 33 (2018): 19–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2018.33.19.
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The results of classification of the nitrophite grass communities of the Sozh-Desna interfluve (Bryansk, Smolensk Regions of Russia and the adjacent regions of the Republic of Belarus), united in the class Epilobietea angustifolii Tx. et Preising ex von Rochow 1951 are given. Such vegetation within the European Russia is studied fragmentary, including the study area for which only some data on phytodiversity of this class were known (Bulokhov, Kharin, 2008; Semenishchenkov, Shapurko, 2009; Panasenko et al., 2014). Usually such communities are formed on crude fringes on watersheds and in floodplain forests, on wet and damp meadows in beams, river and stream valleys. As a rule, similar habitats in Europe are under various anthropogenic influence, therefore vegetation of this type is referred to categories of «semi-natural» or «ruderal» ones (Dengler et al., 2007; Mucina et al., 2016). For a long time fr om the standpoint of floristic classification nitrophite grass communities were assigned to the class Galio-Urticetea Passarge ex Kopecky 1969. The modern view (Mucina et al., 2016), this vegetation is integrated in the class Epilobietea angustifolii Tx. et Preising ex von Rochow 1951, representing tall-herb semi-natural perennial vegetation on disturbed forest edges, nutrient-rich riparian fringes and in forest clearings in the temperate and boreal zones of Eurasia. Thus, class Epilobietea angustifolii combines types of communities rather diverse on their ecology and successional status. However, we support this syntaxonomical decision, since combination of synanthropic, native and even often alien species is character for the majority of nitrophyte phytocoenoses. In the territory of the Sozh-Desna interfluve phytocoenoses of this class are partly formed with the participation of invasive species: Heracleum sosnowskyi, Echinocystis lobata, Impatiens glandulifera, Reynoutria japonica. Listed species are regarded as «transformers» due to their ability to intensely change the composition and structure of phytocoenoses, into which they are introduced. Usually such community are poor in species number, but for a long-term keep their stability in unchanging conditions. In our opinion, if invasive species forms a stable community for a long time, wh ere it defines phyto-enviroment and composition of coenofloras in localities with similar habitats, it can be considerd as character (for the associations and subassociations) or differential (for variants). This approach argues in favor of establishing units of association rank for vegetation with the invasive species, but not of non-rank units «derivative» communities. Monitoring of the nitrophyte grass communities in the Sozh-Desna interfluve for several years shows that their coenofloras and structure remained unchanged while occupied area became larger. Therefore, described phytocenoses formed by invasive species can be considered as stable, that allows us to combine them in the syntaxa of association and subassociation ranks. For the development of syntaxonomy of nitrophyte grass vegetation 165 authors’ relevés, including 62 made during the investigation of Sozh-Desna interfluve in 2016–2017, have been used. The classification has been performed according the J. Braun-Blanquet approach. The syntaxonomy includes 10 associations, 5 subassociations within 4 alliances. Nitrophite grass communities of the study region have some differences in species composition and habitat specificity that allows to put them into 3 orders within the class Epilobietea angustifolii: Convolvuletalia sepium Tx. ex Moor 1958 (semi-natural fringe vegetation on river and other water body banks in temperate Europe and the Mediterranean); Circaeo lutetianae–Stachyetalia sylvaticae Passarge 1967 nom. conserv. propos. (ruderal and semi-natural fringe mesic tall-herb vegetation on nutrient- and base-rich soils in cool-temperate and submediterranean Europe); Galio-Alliarietalia Oberd. in Gürs et T. Müller 1969 (ruderal vegetation dominated by short-lived perennials on mesic loamy soils in the low altitude cool-temperate Central Europe and at high altitudes of submediterranean Europe— some alliances of this order unite ruderal and semi-natural communities (Dengler et al., 2007; Mucina et al., 2016). 2 associations and 4 subassociations are described as new ones. Senecionetum fluviatilis rubetosum caesii subass. nov. hoc loco (Table 1, relevés 1–17; holotypus — relevé 2*: Bryansk Region, Vygonichi district, to the west from Poluzhye, riverbed right bank wloodplain of the Desna River, 7.08.2016, A.D. Bulokhov). Scirpo sylvatici–Galietum rivalis ass. nov. hoc loco, S. s.–G. r. typicum subass. nov hoc loco (Table 2; holotypus — relevé 16*: Bryansk Region, Bryansk, Bezhitsk district, near Staynoye settlement, 10.07.2016, A. D. Bulokhov). S. s.–G. r. echinocystietosum lobatae subass. nov. hoc loco (Table 2, relevés 1–7; holotypus — relevé 1*: Bryansk Region, Bryansk, near Svenskiy monastery, bottom of ravine, 10.07.2016, A. D. Bulokhov). S. s.–G. r. eupatorietosum cannabini subass. nov. hoc loco (Table 2, relevés 8–14; holotypus — relevé 10*: Bryansk Region, Mglinsk district, near Oskolkovo, floodplain of the Voylovka River, 17.08.2017, A. D. Bulokhov). Link of these syntaxa with river floodplains is reflected in their assignment to the alliance Senecionion fluviatilis, which combines high-grass border communities on rich soils of the river banks and beams in Central Europe (Mucina et al., 2016). Obviously, the distribution area of this unit may be expanded into the Central Europe. Chaerophylletum temuli ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 5, holotypus — relevé 2*: Bryansk region, Bryansk, Suponevo, near Svenskiy monastery, the lower part of the indigenous side of the Desna River valley, 14.08.2005, A. D. Bulokhov). Communities of this association are rare in the region and distributed in specific habitats in the lower parts of the indigenous slopes of river valleys and beams and nearby hollows, generally at the chalk outlets. The combination of typical nitrophilous species of the class with some weed and ruderal species makes possible the assignation of this association to alliance Geo urbani-Alliarion officinalis, which combines ruderal and semi-natural fringe thermophyte vegetation of short-lived low herbs on nutrient-rich soils of temperate Europe.
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Blum, Mike. "Organization and reorganization of drainage and sediment routing through time: the Mississippi River system." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 488, no. 1 (2019): 15–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp488-2018-166.
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AbstractIt has been said that large rivers are the bloodlines of continents, and the Mississippi River system is the most prominent bloodline in North America. The Mississippi drainage stretches from the Rocky Mountains in the western USA to the Appalachian Cordillera in the east, and sediment from this vast area is then routed to the alluvial–deltaic plain of south Louisiana and the basin-floor fan in the deep Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Origins of the Mississippi system can be traced to the Late Cretaceous–Early Paleocene reorganization of North American drainage. However, integration of a continental-scale Mississippi drainage is a Late Neogene phenomenon, and sediment routing to the GoM has changed significantly over multiple timescales in response to a variety of large-scale natural forcing mechanisms and to human activities. This paper reviews large-scale change in drainage, sediment routing and sediment storage for the Mississippi system over timescales of 150 myr, where tectonic and geodynamic processes dominate, the last 150 kyr, where Milankovitch climate and sea-level changes dominate, and the 150 year period of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries when human activities have fundamentally altered the sediment routing and dispersal system.
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Vorovka, Volodymyr. "System-forming factors of the organization of coastal paradynamic landscape systems." Physical Geography and Geomorphology 89, no. 1 (2018): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/phgg.2018.1.09.
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The basis of system-forming factors of the organization of coastal paradynamic landscape system is composed of natural factors associated with characteristics of geographic distribution of the coast, its configuration, tectonic, morphometric, hydrological, climatic and other indices, along with characteristics of the surrounding land. Paradynamic interactions are formed on the basis of exchange of matter, energy and information between spatially adjacent contrasting complexes. The main system-forming factor of the coastal paradynamic landscape system is the relationship of its structural complexes with various types of spatial dynamics and corresponding processes, distinguished into three main streams - matter, energy and information, caused by the simultaneous interaction of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, biosphere and their specificity. A complex nature of the interaction between natural landscape complexes and their components among themselves in the coastal zone was revealed. Characteristics of the horizontal interaction between marine waters and the surrounding land, river mouth and adjacent sea area, interactions in the system "sea-river-liman" were found out. Main processes of the vertical interaction between the environments were revealed: the land and sea, air and water, bottom layers of water and the bottom itself. The principal scheme of energy flows in the coastal zone was developed. The paradynamic interaction is based on the exchange of matter, energy and information between spatially adjacent contrasting systems. The importance of this type of research is explained by the need to take into account the revealed interactions for the formation of effective system of integrated management of the coastal zone to ensure further optimization of its structure and functioning.
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Hami, Ahmad, and Babak Abdi. "Students' landscaping preferences for open spaces for their campus environment." Indoor and Built Environment 30, no. 1 (November 19, 2019): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x19887207.
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This study seeks to find appropriate landscape patterns of campus based on students’ preferences. A photo questionnaire containing scenes of different types of campus landscapes was distributed among 200 students in University of Tabriz, Iran. The results emphasized the importance of vegetation, seating areas and water features of campuses. Also, students prefer open spaces consisting of lawn and grass (M = 3.31, S.D. = 1.00). Students also prefer a campus, which has a natural base, landscape elements and seating places, while the least preferred (M = 2.96, S.D. = 0.89) scenes comprise a large amount of hardscape. Students had a different preference for landscaping of open study area and leisure time place where the studying area should be designed with vertical natural elements. Shading trees and benches were also highlighted as very important furniture for these places. In terms of spatial organization, the content analysis revealed that these areas should be open and spacious. Places for leisure time need to be decorated with informal landscape design for creating a pleasant view. Designing a landscape with various forms will make these places more pleasant. Scenes of curved paths and colourful plants for these places showed a positive association with student socialization activities.
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Aulio, Kai. "Kokemäenjoki River Delta, Western Finland - Natural Treasury in an Exceptionally Rapidly Changing Aquatic Environment." International Letters of Natural Sciences 32 (January 2015): 36–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.32.36.
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The catchment of the River Kokemäenjoki covers ca. 27 100 square kilometers in western Finland, and the the length of the river is ca 120 km. The river discharges into the Bothnian Bay, the northern section of the Baltic Sea. The delta is changing and prograding towards the sea exceptionally rapidly. The pace of the growth of the deltaic formations,a s well as the major zones of the macrophytivc vegetation is nowadays some 30–40 meters a year. This makes the delta the most rapidly changing aquatic and littoral ecosystem in the Northern Europe. The Kokemäenjoki River delta is often characterized as a biological hotspot, and major sections of the estuary are included in several leading international nature conservation programmes, i.e. The Natura 2000 network of the European Union, the intergovernmental The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, as well as in the IBA, Important Bird Area programme established by the BildLife International organization. The diversities of both flora and fauna are very high – at least as regards of the northern location of the estuary. In the Kokemäenjoki River ca. 420 taxa of flowering plants (Spermatophyta) are permanently found (i.e. about a third of the ca. 1 200 flowering plants permanently growing in Finland). Of the pteridophytes (Pteridophyta), there are 17 out of the 57 species of the Finnish taxa growing at the delta. Of the stoneworts (Chrarophyta) the delta is home of 9 species of the 21 taxa found in Finland. The number of bird species breeding in the area is ca. 110, and the total number of bird taxa living and resting during the migration periods amounts to 220 species (i.e. nearly the whole range of the 248 bird species of the permanent Finnish bird taxa). Of the invertebrates, the species composition of dragonflies (Odonata) is best known. There are 25 species of the 55 dragonfly taxa found in Finland. Of the plant species occupying the delta, 5 species of flowering plants and one species of stoneworts are classified as endangered, fulfilling the red list criteria established by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Of the bird species of the estuary, 31 species are included in the Red List of endangered species. The present paper summarizes the data presented in various reports, mainly in Finnish, and majority of them in hardly accessible depositories.
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Bognar, Helena Ilona, and Andrija Bognar. "Povijesni razvoj i političko-geografska obilježja granice i pograničja Republike Hrvatske s Republikom Slovenijom na Žumberku i Kupsko-čabranskoj dolini." Geoadria 15, no. 1 (January 11, 2017): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/geoadria.549.
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Although natural basis cannot be a decisive criterion in defining borders, historical and politico-geographic development of the researched area reveals that natural bounds have been considerably used in the boundary demarcation between the Republic of Croatia and Republic of Slovenia. This can be also concluded for the analyzed sectors which are tied with the Žumberak Mountain and the Kupa and Čabranka River valleys. Besides natural favours (the boundary line runs over the top ridges of the mountain massif of Žumberak/Gorjanci, as well as along the river flows), one must point out the fact that it is adapted to spatial organization of the borderland. Therefore, the boundary line is subsequent and co-operative here. Evolutionally, the border and borderland developed from terra nullius, frontier, and, finally, since the 16th century, have become a boundary line on the rivers Kupa and Čabranka, and since 1816, on Žumberak. Consequently, in spite of disputes in particular historical periods about the researched area's state and property appurtenance, the border has a centuries-old continuity. This can explain that nowadays the quoted sectors are least disputable in the boundary demarcation of the two sovereignties.
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Letic, Ljubomir, Vesna Nikolic, Ivica Lazarevic, and Radovan Savic. "The use of forests in the river Zagrza basin for the conservation of its hydrological and water protective function." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, suppl. (2015): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf15s1075l.
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The data on forests shown in this paper which are general useful functions determine the main way of managing, because these forests are marked as water protective and especially significant for the water supply of the Vrnjacka Banja area from 1985. These are forests of beech and beech mixed with fir of the highest quality located in the river Zagrza basin on mountain Goc and they represent more than 85 % of the basin and provide the hydrological and water protective functions at the highest level. For that reason, they have a special protective status. In the river Zagrza basin, there is the management unit "Seliste" of particular importance and the accumulation Seliste was built there with about 380 000 m3 volume and its primary task is water supply of the Vrnjacka Banja area during critical months without water. The aim of this scientific paper is to emphasize the need of increasing and protecting the water potential using adequate ways of forest vegetation management, which means overall basin organization. The final result should be related to the optimal use of natural sources in that area.
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Yi, Ling, Bai Gao, Haiyan Liu, Yanhong Zhang, Chaochao Du, and Yanmei Li. "Characteristics and Assessment of Toxic Metal Contamination in Surface Water and Sediments Near a Uranium Mining Area." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2 (January 15, 2020): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020548.
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Concentrations of potentially toxic metals including Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr, U, Th in surface water and sediment samples collected from a river were analyzed to assess the contaminations, distribution characteristics, and sources of these metals. The contents of the metals were lower than the standard levels set by World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking water. However, U and Th contents were far beyond the background values of surface water. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, and U in sediments were higher than the background values and the Probable Effect Level (PEL) of sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) which may result in high potential harmful biological effects to aquatic ecosystems. Based on the contamination factor (CF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), and potential ecological risk index (RI), Cd, Cr, and U were considered to be the metals that mainly contribute to the contamination of sediments. The calculation results also indicated that the sites adjacent to the uranium ore field were highly polluted. Results of cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and correlation analysis revealed that Cr, Pb, U, and Th were highly correlated with each other. These metals mainly originated from both anthropogenic sources and natural processes, especially emissions from uranium mining and quarrying, whereas Cd mostly came from anthropogenic sources (agricultural activities) of the upper reaches of the river.
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Konovalova, T. I. "Transformation of Geosystems of the Northern Part of the Baikal Natural Territory (Research and Mapping)." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences 35 (2021): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2021.35.44.
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The features of transformation of geosystems of the north-western part of the Baikal natural territory are considered. The transformation of geosystems is considered in the context of changes in their essential properties as a result of the manifestation of transformative dynamics and evolution. It is established that the modification of the geosystems of the region was largely caused by the horizontal compression of the earth's crust, which is characteristic only for this section of the Baikal rift zone. This led to the formation of the Pre-Baikal Depression between the Siberian Platform and the Baikal Ridge. The combination of geodynamic regimes of the weakly active platform and the area of continental rifting caused an ambiguous response of geosystems to climate change. The development of contrasting types of geosystems is revealed-from high-grass fir trees to swampy woodlands of larch with cedar elfin. In the physical and geographical conditions of the area, the strict subordination of geosystems to the higher structure is violated. As a result, unique geosystems are concentrated here. They combine in their composition the components peculiar to the physical and geographical regions of Siberia and the Far East. Plant communities of various formations are represented here. Geosystems at the regional level of the organization are subject to transformations. The basic techniques of mapping the transformation of geosystems are considered. Mapping involves solving three main tasks, which are traditionally defined as the identification, systematization and interpretation of geosystems. They consist in the definition of diagnostic features of geosystems; the synthesis of time and space in a single whole, taking into account regionaltypological specifics, structural-dynamic and evolutionary transformations.
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Vyas, Jitendra Kumar, Muthiah Perumal, and Tommaso Moramarco. "Discharge Estimation Using Tsallis and Shannon Entropy Theory in Natural Channels." Water 12, no. 6 (June 23, 2020): 1786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061786.
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Streamflow measurements during high floods is a challenge for which the World Meteorological Organization fosters the development of innovative technologies for achieving an accurate estimation of the discharge. The use of non-contact sensors for monitoring surface flow velocities is of interest to turn these observed values into a cross-sectional mean flow velocity, and subsequently, into discharge if bathymetry is given. In this context, several techniques are available for the estimation of mean flow velocity, starting from observed surface velocities. Among them, the entropy-based methodology for river discharge assessment is often applied by leveraging the theoretical entropic principles of Shannon and Tsallis, both of which link the maximum flow velocity measured at a vertical of the flow area, named the y-axis, and the cross-sectional mean flow velocity at a river site. This study investigates the performance of the two different entropic approaches in estimating the mean flow velocity, starting from the maximum surface flow velocity sampled at the y-axis. A velocity dataset consisting of 70 events of measurements collected at two gauged stations with different geometric and hydraulic characteristics on the Po and Tiber Rivers in Italy was used for the analysis. The comparative evaluation of the velocity distribution observed at the y-axis of all 70 events of measurement was closely reproduced using both the Shannon and Tsallis entropy approaches. Accurate values in terms of the cross-sectional mean flow velocity and discharge were obtained with average errors not exceeding 10%, demonstrating that the Shannon and Tsallis entropy concepts were equally efficient for discharge estimation in any flow conditions.
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Filonenko, Yurii. "Features of formation and distribution of zoogenic relief in the floodplain of the Oster River." Physical Geography and Geomorphology 103-104, no. 5-6 (2020): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/phgg.2020.5-6.01.
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During 2015–2020, we carried out a series of field studies of zoogenic relief in the Oster River floodplain. In the process, the method of field route observations, polls, photography, morphological and morphometric analyses were actively used. Mathematical methods and computer technologies were used to process and summarize the obtained data. Based on the field research data, it was established that the natural conditions of the Oster River floodplain are favourable for the emergence of zoogenic relief forms. Zoogenic landforms are common here, and their size and location depend on the animal species which live in the area or constantly migrate through it. The influence of individual representatives of the animal world on the formation of the surface of the studied area is presented. It was shown that some of them simultaneously create both accumulative and negative forms of biogenic relief. Accumulative zoogenic landforms are represented in the Oster floodplain by individual small dams and beaver huts; muskrat huts; earthen anthills and anthills formed from dry grass and twigs; molehills; mice’s soil nano-strands; hamster mounds; pico-humps formed by worms and beetles. Among the negative landforms of zoogenic origin there are burrows and burrow nests; underground galleries of animals and insects; nano-basins of forest and field mice; livestock trails and wildlife migration trails; burrowing of wild pigs; footprints of various animals. Beavers, moles, wild boars and ants are found to cover the highest proportion of landform creation activity within the Oster River floodplain. It was also found that the size of most zoogenic landforms in the studied area have the rank of pico- and nano-relief. Relief microforms are much less common. The lifespan of zoogenic landforms can range from tens or even hundreds of years to several hours. It is discovered that fires significantly affect the landforms of zoogenic origin. As a result of the flames, many of the forms change their shape and size, and some even cease to exist.
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Bataglion, Giovana Anceski, Hector Henrique Ferreira Koolen, Rolf Roland Weber, and Marcos Nogueira Eberlin. "Quantification of Sterol and Triterpenol Biomarkers in Sediments of the Cananéia-Iguape Estuarine-Lagoonal System (Brazil) by UHPLC-MS/MS." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8361375.
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Sterols and triterpenols present in sedimentary cores from 12 stations along the Cananéia-Iguape estuarine-lagoonal system were investigated by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Ten sterols and three triterpenols were identified and quantified, indicating both natural and anthropogenic sources. The relative distributions of sterol and triterpenol showed that the study area is submitted to organic matter (OM) from the Ribeira de Iguape River, seawater, surrounding vegetation, and plankton production. The contribution of these sources depends on the region of the estuarine-lagoonal system and the depth of sediment. Regarding anthropogenic sources, only the samples submitted to freshwater flow from the Ribeira de Iguape River presented concentration of coprostanol higher than the threshold value and diagnostic ratios, coprostanol/(coprostanol + cholestanol) and coprostanol/cholesterol, that indicate moderate contamination by domestic sewage in that area of the estuarine-lagoonal system. Therefore, the approach used herein identified the OM sources and its transport along the Cananéia-Iguape estuarine-lagoonal system (Brazil), which is a complex of lagoonal channels located in a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Biosphere Reserve.
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Miličević, Mirjana. "Socio-geografska preobrazba Mostarskog blata." Geoadria 14, no. 1 (January 11, 2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/geoadria.557.
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This paper analyzes the process of socio-geographic transformation of rural settlements in Mostarsko Blato, karst polje in the Neretva River drainage area. Many changes in spatial organization and landscape have been determined by deagrarization and deruralization, which had been, on the other hand, influenced by various geographic factors: neighboring towns, inadequate infrastructure, profound changes in job offers related to the problems of economic development at the end of socialist period and in transitional period, and particularly by Serbian aggression on Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.Despite numerous problems, socio-economic development of Mostarsko Blato is possible due to natural and human resources. Its development should be based on organic farming, and on development of different types of tourism (ecologic, rural, camping, fishing and summer tourism).
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Liu, D., F. Tian, M. Lin, and M. Sivapalan. "A coupled modeling framework of the co-evolution of humans and water: case study of Tarim River Basin, western China." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, no. 4 (April 10, 2014): 3911–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-3911-2014.
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Abstract. The complex interactions and feedbacks between humans and water are very essential issues but are poorly understood in the newly proposed discipline of socio-hydrology (Sivapalan et al., 2012). An exploratory model with the appropriate level of simplification can be valuable to improve our understanding of the co-evolution and self-organization of socio-hydrological systems driven by interactions and feedbacks operating at different scales. In this study, a simple coupled modeling framework for socio-hydrology co-evolution is developed for the Tarim River Basin in Western China, and is used to illustrate the explanatory power of such a model. The study area is the mainstream of the Tarim River, which is divided into two modeling units. The socio-hydrological system is composed of four parts, i.e. social sub-system, economic sub-system, ecological sub-system, and hydrological sub-system. In each modeling unit, four coupled ordinary differential equations are used to simulate the dynamics of the social sub-system represented by human population, the economic sub-system represented by irrigated crop area, the ecological sub-system represented by natural vegetation cover and the hydrological sub-system represented by stream discharge. The coupling and feedback processes of the four dominant sub-systems (and correspondingly four state variables) are integrated into several internal system characteristics interactively and jointly determined by themselves and by other coupled systems. For example, the stream discharge is coupled to the irrigated crop area by the colonization rate and mortality rate of the irrigated crop area in the upper reach and the irrigated area is coupled to stream discharge through irrigation water consumption. In a similar way, the stream discharge and natural vegetation cover are coupled together. The irrigated crop area is coupled to human population by the colonization rate and mortality rate of the population. The inflow of the lower reach is determined by the outflow from the upper reach. The natural vegetation cover in the lower reach is coupled to the outflow from the upper reach and governed by regional water resources management policy. The co-evolution of the Tarim socio-hydrological system is then analyzed within this modeling framework to gain insights into the overall system dynamics and its sensitivity to the external drivers and internal system variables. In the modeling framework, the state of each subsystem is holistically described by one state variable and the framework is flexible enough to comprise more processes and constitutive relationships if they are needed to illustrate the interaction and feedback mechanisms of the human–water system.
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BONDAREV, VALERIY. "DRAINAGE BASIN AS A COMPLEX SOCIO-NATURAL HIERARCHICAL SYSTEM." LIFE OF THE EARTH 42, no. 3 (August 26, 2020): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1483.0514-7468.2020_42_3/293-303.
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The theoretical and methodological basis of the systems hierarchical spatial and temporal analysis of a drainage basin, which addresses the problems of effective management in socio-natural systems of different ranks, is considered. It is proposed to distinguish 9 orders of forms that are relevant to the analysis of drainage basins, where the first level is represented by individual aggregates and particles, and the last - by basins of large and the largest rivers. As part of the allocation of geological, historical and modern time intervals, the specificity of the implementation of processes in basins of different scales from changing states, through functioning to evolution is demonstrated. The interrelation of conditions and factors that determine the processes occurring within the drainage basins is revealed. It is shown that a specific combination of conditions and factors that determine processes in the drainage basin is associated with the hierarchy of the objects under consideration, i.e. the choice of a spatial-temporal hierarchical level is crucial for the organization of study within drainage basins. At one hierarchical level, some phenomenon can be considered as a factor, and at another - as a condition. For example, tectonic processes can be considered as an active factor in the evolution of large river basins in the geological perspective, but for small drainage basin, this is already a conservative background condition. It is shown that at the historical time the anthropogenic factor often comes to the fore, with the appearance of which in the functioning of the drainage basin, there is a need to take into account the entire complex of socio-environmental problems that can affect the sustainable state of various territories, especially in the field of water and land use. Hierarchical levels of managing subjects are identified, which are primarily responsible for effective management at the appropriate hierarchical level of the organization of the socio-natural system within the catchment area, starting from an individual to humankind as a whole.
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Sulistyowati, Sri, and Sudharto P. Hadi. "The existence of High Conservation Value Forest (HCVF) in Perum Perhutani KPH Kendal to support Implementation of FSC Certification." E3S Web of Conferences 31 (2018): 08019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183108019.
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High Conservation Value Forest (HCVF) is the identification of High Conservation Values that are important and need to be protected. Under FSC certification mechanism, HCVF becomes one of Principles and Criteria to attain certification. In this study, we identify the existence of HCVF in Perum Perhutani KPH Kendal to support implementation process of FSC certification. Qualitative method was conducted through observation and secondary data from Perum Perhutani KPH Kendal. Data analysis showed through ecolabel certification, Perum Perhutani KPH Kendal has been identified HCVF area covering 2,715.5 hectares consists of HCV 1 until 6. Secondary Natural Forest (HAS) Subah and Kaliwungu for Ulolanang and Pagerwunung Nature Reserve buffer zone include as HCV 1.1, conservation area of leopard (Panthera pardus melas) and Pangolin (Manis javanica).for HCV 1.2, conservation area of lutung (Trachypiyhecus auratus) as endemic species for CITES App I and Critically Endangered species include as HCV 1.3, Goa kiskendo for bats species habitat include as HCV 1.4, regions of interest species for Deer (Cervus timorensis) and Kepodang (Oriolus chinensis) as HCV 2.3, Germplasm Protection Region/ KPPN area with high biodiversity include as HCV 3, river border area and water springs for HCV 4. While, utilization of firewood, grass for cattle fodder include as HCV 5 and 14 cultural sites include as HCV 6. From monitoring and evaluation of HCVF data, showed that in 2011-2015 the level of diversity for flora and fauna were increased.
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Sari, Ni Putu Ratna, and Anak Agung Putri Sri. "The Natural Tourism Development Model and Its Contribution to Local Community Economy at Peliatan Village, Ubud Bali." Journal of A Sustainable Global South 3, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jsgs.2019.v03.i01.p03.
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The research is located at Peliatan Village Ubud Bali. The purpose of this research is 1) to identify the potential of natural tourism at Peliatan Village Ubud, 2) to examine contribution of the development of natural tourism to the local community's economy at Peliatan Village Ubud, 3) to formulate the natural tourism development model at Peliatan Village Ubud.
The results showed that the potentials of natual tourism at Peliatan Village are a natural panorama, river, springs, rice fields, flora and fauna. Natural tourism activities that can be developed are tracking, cycling, rural tourism, outbound tours, camping tours, natural education tours, flora and fauna observation tours. The contribution of natural tourism to the local community economy is to directly open new jobs for the community, such as tour guides, ticket guards, parking attendants, Balinese food and beverages sellers, business men on food stalls / restaurants, lodging, making souvenirs, Balinese food, making camping, other outbound activities. It is directly improving the ability of the community to save, sending children to a higher level education.
It indirectly could increase income of local community, attract investors to build hotels and inns. Natural tourism development model at Peliatan Village is a SO Strategy: developing new tourist attraction, cooperating with Balinese investors from outside the area to develop natural tourism attraction, penetrating foreign tourist market on special interest in nature, developing potential market of foreign tourists being interested in natural tourism, establishing cooperation with travel agent / wholesaler of special interest tourist market, developing tourism event, and developing micro business.
WO Strategy: improving the quality of the natural environment by maintaining the cleanliness of the natural environment, training natural tourist guides, providing broader and more interesting natural tourism information, designing exciting natural tourism packages, developing private-community partnerships, providing and mapping potential diversity data at tourist destination. Strategy ST: reforestating, controlling erosion, analyzing the influence of the behavior of number of tourist, waste generated, developing plans, protecting regional agreement, cooperating with tourism actors and stakeholders, ensuring the security of Peliatan Village.
WT Strategy: counseling, formulating, and implementing Code of Conduct (COC) product of marketed natural attraction, strengthening organization or association of entrepreneurs and tourism professionals, establishing and / or strengthening of organization of village organization to prevent environmental degradation, coaching community on green tourism, and doing research on natural tourism and its impact on local communities.
Index Terms— Environmental Dispute, Procedural Law, Class Action lawsuit
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Kravtsova, I., and О. Lavryk. "SPATIAL-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS FORMATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF MODERN GARDEN-PARK LANDSCAPES OF RIGHT-BANK UKRAINE." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geography, no. 73 (2019): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2019.73.8.
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The spatial and temporal analysis of the formation of the structure of garden-park landscapes of the Right-Bank Ukraine on the example of the National Dendrology Park “Sofiyivka” of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Alexandria Dendrological Park the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sinitsky Park of Cherkassy region, Nemirovsky Park, Sokiletsky and Pechersk parks of Vinnitsa region were done in the article. The emphasis was placed on the spatial location of Right-Bank Ukraine, the peculiarities of natural conditions and the diversity of natural landscapes, which determined the attractiveness of the territory for its development by different peoples and ethnic groups. The boundary of the situation led to the interaction and overlay of Western European and Eastern European cultures, the material expression of which are garden-park landscapes. Garden-park landscapes are a special group of anthropogenic landscapes, which are composed of natural and technical blocks. The features of the technical block are determined not only by the natural conditions of the territory but also by the culture of the organization and creation of the garden-park landscapes that is characteristic of the corresponding historical period. It was noted that in the landscape structure of the old garden-park landscapes, there are a river, floodplain, sloping and watershed types of areas that are typical for the research area. Formation, functioning and development of gardens and parks are associated with the peculiarities of the socio-economic and historical development of the territory. The river-floodplain type of terrain is represented by tracts of rivers, ponds, islands, levelling surfaces, occupied by meadow vegetation. Mostly, the tracts of this type of terrain are complicated by such landscape-technical systems as bridges and dams. On average, the river-floodplain type of terrain accounts for 10 to 20% of the area of the garden park landscape. The sloping type of terrain includes a variety of simple and complex tracts with steep slopes of 50 to steep sloping walls. Busy, mostly, parked plantations and ray fields. Landscape-technical systems are represented by different types of stairs. This type of terrain accounts for the largest share of a garden-park landscape – from 60% to 90%. This fact is connected with the specifics of the organization of garden-park landscapes within the territory of Right-Bank Ukraine. Watershed type of terrain is represented by tracts of weakly wavy surfaces. It includes a park building, which is represented by various buildings. Regardless of the landscape style of planning the territory, within the limits of the water-type type of terrain, there are regular elements of the organization of the territory – they are alleys, parterals, bosqueets, etc. Up to 20% of the area of the landscape garden landscape belongs to the tract of the watershed type of terrain. It was concluded that most of the garden-parf landscapes of Right-bank Ukraine are now in poor condition. In order to preserve and improve the modern structure of garden-park landscapes, the following measures should be taken: to significantly expand their areas and improve the functioning of the infrastructure elements; to regulate the boundaries of garden-park landscapes and to pay more attention to their paragenetic and paradigmatic interconnections with the surrounding territories: to clearly outline the role and significance of existing and future garden-park landscapes in the structure of regional ecosystems.
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Kanivets, S. V., Yu V. Zalavskiy, and V. V. Lebed. "Landscapes of loessial islands in high Novgorod-Siversky Polissia." Fundamental and Applied Soil Science 19, no. 1 (March 18, 2019): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/041906.
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The territory of Novgorod-Siversky Polissia is characterized by natural conditions as a province of mixed forests, where soddy-podzolic soils of low fertility have formed on loamy sandy and sandy deposits. However, on the high plateau the Desna River valley right bank, there are Novgorod-Siversky and Ponornitsky loessial islands with fertile dark-colored soils (Opillia). They were formed in rather damp and cool conditions, which is natural for the forest zone. However, their landscapes by the property of the components have a forest-steppe nature. On the plateau, in the Novgorod-Siversky Opillia, eolian loessial is located, which led to the formation of dark gray podzolized soils and chernozems leached and podzolized mainly with a humus-degraded arable layer. On sufficiently large areas near localities Pontornytsya, Pokoshychi and Desnianske there was happened loessivation and silt-loam sandy. Fertile gray forest soils were formed here – a kind of Opillia region. During the large-scale survey and mapping of Ukraine's soils in 1957–1961, dark-colored soils of loessial islands were defined predominantly as dark gray podzolized. However, our recent studies have proved the widespread distribution of leached chernozems and podzolized opіlsky chernozems. On strongly eroded slopes of the right-bank native shores, we have remnants of the suboak forest, which indicate the forest-steppe nature of the landscapes. In virgin areas, unlike sandy areas, a thick bean-grass-mixed grass cover, including indicators of forest-steppe. The Opillia area with chernozems and other dark-colored soils is a major agrarian resource of the region. But gray forest soils also belong to the most valuable land in Polissia. On gray forest soils, cereal crops are grown by 4–5 centners per hectare higher than those on typical of the Polissia sod-podzolic soils. Loessial islands are common in southern part of Novgorod-Siversky Polissia, in particular, on the Desna River valley right bank. Landscapes are diverse in properties of components – the nature of loessial species, geological foundations, features of soil cover and relief. They are united by forest-steppe features of soil cover, the presence in the central part of Opilia – fertile dark-colored soils, including chernozems with signs of relic steppe phase in their development, meadow-steppe composition of herbaceous cover on virgin areas and the presence of remnants of the suboak forest. These are large fragments of the Forest-Steppe in Polissia, which have a high natural resource.
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Matveeva, Izabella Petrovna, and Andrei Mikhailovich Sal'va. "To the question of replacing low efficient ecosystems in the subarctic tundra with highly efficient (on the example of aboveground phytomass in Northern Yakutia – Егiорhorum роlуstасhiоn and Arctophila fulva)." Арктика и Антарктика, no. 3 (March 2020): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2453-8922.2020.3.33748.
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This article covers the history of scientific research of the Nizhnekolymsk tundra, conducted over the period from 1970 to 1987 by the employees of the Institute of Biology of the Yakut Branch of the Academy of Sciences of USSR (Yakutsk). The subject of this research is the biochemical composition of plants from the family of sedge and grass – Егiорhorum роlуstасhiоn and Arctophila fulva) as the most common communities. It was conducted in tundra pastures in the lower reaches of the Kolyma River for rational economic management. One of the largest state owned farms of Yakutia “Nizhnekolymsky” specializes in reindeer herding – the traditional activity of indigenous peoples, was located in this area. In the past, this area was referred to as Hallerchinskaya tundra; it covered low left bank of the Kolyma River from delta to the forest boundary on the south and Konakovsky uplands in the west. Within the limits of Hallerchinskaya lowland in the rural locality of Pohodsk was located the “Nizhnekolymsky” geobotanical station. The method of models developed by staff members of the Institute of Biology was applied in monitoring the formation of aftergrass and determination of productivity reserve, as well as in selection of quadrats in the subarctic tundra. The main conclusions consists in the statement that the use of the such method for determining the phytomass reserve allowed conducting a prolonged observation over aftergrass formation in the same quadrats, and thereby discerning the natural development process towards reduction or increase of the studied species.
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Маракаева, Tatyana Marakaeva, Ноженко, and Tatyana Nozhenko. "ANALYSIS OF CROP ROTATION SYSTEMS ORGANIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL COMPANIES OF TYUKALINSKY DISTRICT OF OMSK REGION ON THE LANDSCAPE AND ENVIRONMENTAL BASIS." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 11, no. 3 (October 31, 2016): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/22671.
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Results of the three-year analysis of the organization of systems of crop rotations on a landscape and ecological basis in large-scale enterprises of Tyukalinsky district of the Omsk region are presented in article. In the territory of the agricultural organizations the assessment of ecological condition of lands on the basis of an assessment of the main components of a landscape was carried out: climatic, a relief, vegetation, soils, ground waters, the spreading breeds. It is established that in farms the following types of soils prevail: meadow, marsh, solonetzic soils, malt, meadow and chernozem solonetzic and chernozem and meadow solonetzic. Therefore, there are an average ecological intensity of lands in ООО “Atrachi” - 45.8%, ООО “Chistoe” - 58.9%, ООО “Agrokom” - 1%, and also strong manifestation of processes of remoistening and salinization is revealed (27%, 41,1% and 90% of the total area of an arable land in farms). Critical condition of arable lands is noted in ООО “Atrachi” (27.2%), at the moment they actually aren´t used and aren´t demanded. The analyzed agricultural organizations cultivate grain crops (24.7% - 41.0%), one-year (3.9%-21.4%) and long-term herbs (33.6% - 43.4%). In this regard two types of crop rotations are used: field and fodder. As a result of ecological justification of crop rotations, calculation of balance of a humus has shown that completion of its deficiency requires introduction of a certain amount of organic substances and implementation of replacement of a fallow land on sideralny with a zapakhivaniye of elevated mass of plants to the soil as additional organic fertilizers. After the carried-out analysis us it is recommended to include in crop rotations phytoameliorants, steady against salinization (the tributary white), to make replacement of long-term herbs on steady against remoistening of soils (a ribbon grass reed or a herd grass meadow). The use of correctly designed crop rotations, taking into account all complex of landscape and ecological conditions, will allow to stabilize negative natural and anthropogenous processes, to provide their big ecological stability.
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Mahmudov, Rakim, Natalia Verozub, and Vitaly Proskurin. "Methodology of geoinformation mapping of natural recreational resources of the North Caucasus for tourism development." InterCarto. InterGIS 26, no. 3 (2020): 404–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2020-3-26-404-415.
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The relationship of natural components with the organization of tourism as a type of economic activity is shown. Recommendations are formulated on the selection of indicators of natural components to be assessed when planning the organization of recreational activities. The assessment of natural resources by the methods of constructing mathematical-cartographic models. Evaluation of each parameter was both functional and aesthetic parameters. The biological diversity of vegetation was calculated by identifying polygon heights and slope exposures according to SRTM data. The relief analysis was carried out according to two parameters: absolute altitudes above sea level and the nature of dissection. The calculation of the absolute heights is prepared by the method of constructing a cartogram by analyzing the quantitative value of points. The calculation of the terrain relief is prepared by the method of constructing a cartogram by calculating the sum of the distances of isolines in the polygon. Cartograms of the density of the river network, the area and the number of water bodies were constructed. The numerical data of the natural components forming the recreational potential of the territory are obtained. An integral assessment of the North Caucasus on the availability and use of natural and recreational resources by adding the numerical values of the individual components in the aisles of the minimum territorial unit is carried out. As a result of the work by geoinformation methods, the zones of the greatest and smallest concentration of natural resources for the organization of tourist activity were determined. In the Western Caucasus, the zones of the highest concentration of natural resources (4, 5 points) for the organization of tourism are located within the Black Sea and Azov coasts in the Greater Sochi region, as well as the southern tip of the Republic of Adygea located on the spurs of a rocky ridge. The lowest mark (1, 2 points) was received by the northern regions of the Krasnodar Territory, located in the steppe, forest-steppe zones, subject to agricultural development and extensive land cultivation. Within the Central Caucasus, the zones with the highest rating are located in the foothills of the Caucasian Mineral Waters, in the mid-mountain areas within the Lateral and Rocky Ranges. On the territory of the Eastern Caucasus, zones with a rating of 4, 5 points are located within the Bogos and Samur ranges. Broad-leaved forests prevail on this territory, turning into subalpine meadows with rich species diversity.
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Boroday, Dmytro, Artem Boroday, Serhii Boroday, and Yana Boroday. "ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING TRENDS IN THE FORMATION OF RECREATIONAL COMPLEXES IN SUBURBAN AREAS ON THE EXAMPLE OF SUMY REGION." Urban development and spatial planning, no. 76 (March 1, 2021): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2076-815x.2021.76.28-36.
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The article is devoted to the formation of recreational facilities in the structure of suburban areas, which are favorable for the development of recreational and tourist activities. The main preconditions and factors influencing the formation of certain types of institutions are studied. The main architectural and planning features of recreational facilities are identified. The main architectural techniques for the formation of recreational institutions are determined. Such techniques are the pavilion and block-pavilion structure. The main functional groups of the premises of the recreational complexes have been determined. The main groups of premises include: summer residential buildings, sports and recreation facilities, cultural and social facilities, catering facilities. The optimal natural conditions for the formation of recreational institutions in the Sumy region have been determined. A study of natural and recreational resources of the Lebedyn district in Sumy region is conducted. It is established that in this area there are optimal conditions for the formation of recreational facilities. Taking into account certain natural conditions and factors, the concept of the project solution of the recreational and recreational complex in the Lebedyn district of Sumy region is proposed. The complex is proposed to be designed in the coastal zone of the river Psel. The methods of urban planning, architectural planning and compositional solutions that are optimal for a given area were established in the process of project search. These techniques include: the reception of accommodation in a suburban recreational area, the reception of a combined compositional planning organization, the reception of folk (traditional) Ukrainian architecture in combination with modern structural systems.
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Montenegro, Abelardo A. A., Iug Lopes, Ailton A. de Carvalho, João L. M. P. de Lima, Thais E. M. S. de Souza, Helio L. Araújo, Frederico A. C. Lins, Thayná A. B. Almeida, and Hugo G. L. A. Montenegro. "Spatio Temporal Soil Moisture Dynamics and Runoff under Different Soil Cover Conditions in a Semiarid Representative Basin in Brazil." Advances in Geosciences 48 (June 5, 2019): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-48-19-2019.
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Abstract. Hydrological studies in small basins are essential for investigating the role of distinct processes on water resources conservation and to assess the impact of the natural ecosystems on improving water security especially in semiarid environments. In Brazil, the cooperative hydrological Network REHISA (“REde de HIdrologia do SemiÁrido”) comprises hydrologists from several universities of Brazil, focusing on field measurements, monitoring and modeling activities in well instrumented experimental rural catchments located at different regions and biomes in Semiarid environment. Water scarcity is a common aspect among the catchments, as well as risks of soil and water degradation. The objective of this work is to present assessments of near surface soil moisture spatial-temporal distribution, and to evaluate the impact of soil conservation techniques in reducing runoff, using small-scale experimental plots in a representative catchment of the Pernambuco State, Brazil. The study catchment is located in Alto Ipanema River Basin (AIRB) (with an area of 150 km2), which is located at the semiarid region of the São Francisco River (area of 641 000 km2). Soil and water monitoring was performed in experimental plots with different soil cover conditions (Bare soil plots; Plots with natural cover – Caatinga Biome vegetation; Plots with cactus Palma barriers; and Plots with mulch cover – Dry grass mulch at 4 t ha−1), where probes were installed for high resolution soil moisture assessment. In addition, regular soil moisture monitoring campaigns were conducted at 7 different locations, using a capacitance probe, with arboreal and shrub Caatinga vegetation, pasture and bare soil, predominantly Brachiaria decumbens. Mulch cover runs close to the Caatinga cover, but still with higher runoff generation, and presenting lower soil moisture temporal mean values. Caatinga was highly effective in terms of soil and water conservation at the small basin scale for both the dry and the wet season, resulting in a positive nexus between vegetation and water availability at the region.
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Shrestha, Suresh Man. "Role of Survey Department In Disaster Management In Nepal." Journal on Geoinformatics, Nepal 11 (December 3, 2012): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njg.v11i0.23113.
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The Himalayan Range is a young mountain system of the world and about 83% of the total area of Nepal is covered by high hills and mountains. Major river systems of Nepal originate from the glaciers and are perennial in nature. According to the preliminary results of the Census 2011, more than 50% of total population live in Terai and are vulnerable to flood. Since Nepal falls under the seismically active zone earthquake has been one of the major disasters experienced in the country. Fire, Glacier Lake Outburst Flood, lightening, hail storm are some other natural disaster claiming lives of Nepalese people. It is not possible to stop disasters, but the consolidated effort of different organization may make us better prepared to overcome the negative impacts of such disasters. This article tries to explore the role of Survey Department in this context.
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Drozdenko, Tatiana, Sergei Mikhalap, Kristina Mikhaylova, and Anna Chernova. "THE MODERN STATUS OF THE VELIKAYA RIVER DELTA ON THE STATE OF PRIMARY PRODUCERS." ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 20, 2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2019vol1.4086.
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Primary producers are an integral part of freshwater ecosystems. Phytoplankton forms the basis of the trophic pyramid, participates in the formation of water quality and acts as a sensitive indicator of the state of the reservoir. The ability of macrophytes to accumulate mineral and organic substances makes them active participants in the self-purification of natural waters. Higher aquatic plants are characterized by conservatism to short-term changes in the environment, but changes in vegetation over the years may indicate anthropogenic transformation of ecosystems. The contribution to maintaining the stability of the functioning and biodiversity of the ecosystem makes phytoplankton and macrophytes compulsory research objects aimed at studying the state of water bodies. The aim of the work was the study of primary producers as bioindicators of the ecological status of the Velikaya river delta in the summer of 2018. As a result, 127 phytoplankton taxa from 8 phylums were found: Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, Cyanobacteria, Euglenophyta, Chrysophyta, Dinophyta, Cryptophyta, Charophyta. The species richness was dominated by the Chlorophyta (42.5%), Bacillariophyta (25.2%), Cyanobacteria (11.1%). According to the ecological and geographical analysis of the delta algaflora, cosmopolitan, freshwater, planktonic forms of microalgae dominate, preferring neutral and weakly alkaline waters. Water quality assessment revealed the beta-mesosaprobic nature of the waters, which indicates moderate pollution of the water area. In the composition of macrophytes, 43 species from 3 phylums were identified: Magnoliophyta, Equisetophyta, Chlorophyta. By species composition, angiosperms dominated (95.3%), of which 46.3% were dicotyledons and 53.7% - monocotyledons. Hygrophytes (34.9%) and hydrophytes (32.6%) prevailed in terms of ecological structure. The leading role in the overgrowing of the delta belonged to high-grass helophytes and rooting hydrophytes with leaves floating on the water. A total of 37 saprobiont flora were found. The total index of saprobity was 277 points.
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Dhungel, Gaurav, and Dol Raj Thanet. "Investigating Habitat Suitability and Conservation Issues of Re-introduced Wild Water Buffalo in Chitwan National Park, Nepal." Forestry: Journal of Institute of Forestry, Nepal 16 (November 30, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/forestry.v16i0.28350.
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With an ever present threat of extinction aggravated mostly by inbreeding, genetic introgression and flooding stress, translocation of wild water buffalo (Bubalus arnee) to another suitable habitat was a must since decades. Habitat suitability analysis for wild water buffalo has been done by using binary model in ArcGIS 10.2.2 and slope, elevation, distance to water bodies and land cover criteria were used to prepare habitat suitability map of Chitwan National Park. Vegetation compositions were assessed in the grassland of Old Padampur area in sample plots (n = 36) each of size 1m x 1m for grasses and 10m x 10m for trees by using random sampling strategy. Conservation issues were identified through key-informant interviews and on-site observation of enclosure area, where re-introduced wild water buffalo were soft released. 127.13 km2 of the park area was identified as suitable habitat for wild water buffalo with around 79% of Old Padampur area. Importance Value Index (IVI) indicated that Saccharum spontaneum was found to be the most dominant grass species (IVI = 100.43) followed by Imperata cylindrica (IVI = 56.70) in Old Padampur area. Old Padampur area lies in the lap of Rapti River with many streams and marshes in the area which contributes to its suitability. The grassland of Old Padampur area is the largest in the park. At present, the wild water buffalo is facing some conservation issues mainly due to improper execution of soft release strategy and few uncontrolled natural events, such as floods and predators attacks. Therefore, to maintain the viable population of wild water buffalo in Chitwan National Park in the long-run, it is crucial to regulate and enhance effective soft release strategy and more advance techno-based modality in close coordination with conservation partners and relevant stakeholders.
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Solovyev, Alexander D., Marina G. Shcherban, and Maria D. Plotnikova. "INFLUENCE OF ANTHROPOGENIC AND NATURAL FACTORS ON THE CONTENT OF POLLUTANT METALS IN MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THE MIDDLE PRE-URAL REGION (ZAKURYE ISLAND IN CHUSOVOY)." Географический вестник = Geographical bulletin, no. 4(55) (2020): 152–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2079-7877-2020-4-152-165.
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According to the estimates of the World Health Organization, the share of medications based on medicinal plant materials is increasing from year to year. Along with industrial drugs, the population widely uses medicinal plants harvested on their own. However, medicinal plants growing in unfavorable environmental conditions can cause serious harm to health. Thus, it is necessary not only to control raw materials but also to study the areas where harvested medicinal plants grow, which in most cases are located in the immediate vicinity of industrial facilities. The purpose of this work was a comprehensive study of the ecological state of Zakurye Island in the town of Chusovoy and its plant communities. When planning the research work, the study area was zoned in accordance with the distance from the alleged source of pollution. In the process of work, we used standard methods of preparation and drying of medicinal plant materials, sampling of soil and water. Chemical analysis was carried out with the use of generally accepted and approved methods. A conclusion is made about a significant degree of pollution with pollutant metals of the surface and deep layers of the Chusovaya River, as well as of soil and medicinal plants near Zakurye Island. Most likely, environmental pollution is associated with poorly maintained dumps of blast-furnace slag from the Chusovoy Metallurgical Plant, located along the river bank.
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Yankauskas, A. B., N. V. Larionova, and A. N. Shatrov. "Effect of tritium on the morpho-anatomical structure of the common reed (Phragmites australis)." "Radiation and Risk" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry 30, no. 2 (2021): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-2-133-145.
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The article presents the results of research on the morpho-anatomical structure of the plants growing under chronic exposure to ionizing radiation. The research was conducted in the territory of the Semipalatinsk test site in the vicinity of the Shagan river. The radioecological situation in the study area is determined by the presence of the long-lived radionuclides 3H, 90Sr, 239+240Pu in components comprising the natural environment. The main contributor to the radioactive contam-ination of the nature components is 3H. The findings of the study show that when 3H specific activ-ity in the free water of the common reed grass increases to n103-n105 Bq/kg, some anatomical parameters of its cane and leaf are reduced. The study also shows that with the increase in triti-um specific activity from n102 to n105 Bq/kg the anatomical parameters of the cane (scleren-chyma, cane diameter) decrease. When the specific activity of tritium increases to n104 Bq/kg, the leaf anatomical parameters are reduced. When specific activity of 3H increases to n105 Bq/kg there is the general tendency to the insignificant increase in anatomical parameters.
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Fesiuk, Vasyl, and Dana Zacharchuk. "ANTHROPOGENIC TRANSFORMATION OF THE KONOPELKA RIVER BASIN." SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY 50, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.21.1.18.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of physical and geographical features of the Konopelka river basin. Hydrological characteristics of the river, morphometric, geomorphological, climatic features of its basin, soil cover of the territory are considered. The history of the study of the geoecological condition of the river basin, the rational use and protection of water resources of the basin in the works of ukrainian scientists has been studied. The position of the basin in the zoning scheme of the territory of Ukraine for the potential danger of erosion processes, anthropogenic development of the basin are analyzed. It is established that the level of anthropogenic development of the basin is not high. Within its boundaries there are 26 settlements, 16.5 thousand people live. The economic complex of the basin is represented mainly by agriculture with a developed production of grain and industrial crops, as well as the local industry for processing agricultural products. 33% of the basin area is covered by forest, 3% - wetlands, 21% - meadows, 40% - arable land. Only 3% of the catchment area is built up. In the use of land resources in recent years there has been a tendency to reduce arable land in connection with the introduction of contour and reclamation organization of the territory, allotments for homestead land, reserve land and the organization of farms. The water resources of the basin are currently used sparingly. The largest water consumer is agriculture. The total water demand is about 733000 m3/year, and the irreversible use of 551000 m3/year. Compared to 1991, in 2020 the volume of water supply to meet the needs of industry and utilities increased by 43.4% (due to the use of groundwater), agriculture - by 150%, wastewater discharge also increased by 42%. There are no organized wastewater discharges within the basin. Pollution of the river occurs as a result of unorganized runoff from agricultural fields, livestock farms, rural areas and unauthorized landfills. Drainage reclamation has a significant impact within the basin. Erosion rates are exceeded 6.5 times, the level of erosion risk is crisis, plowing is 49.2%. In order to study the changes in the natural functioning and balance of the ecological system of the Konopelka river, a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the level of anthropogenic pressure on its basin was conducted. In particular, the degree of anthropogenic transformation of the modern landscape was assessed according to the method of KAP, proposed by Voropay L.I., Dutchak N.V., Kunitsa N.A. The coefficient of landscape stability was also calculated according to the method of Klementova E., Heinige V. The performed calculations allowed to identify the value of the degree of transformation of the studied landscape as a transformed, unstable landscape with pronounced instability. The ecological condition of the river basin is unfavorable. Among the individual processes and phenomena that affect the formation of the geoecological state, it is necessary to highlight the location of pesticides that cause contamination with ammonia and phosphorus, the extent of plowing, which contributes to the removal of pollutants from agricultural areas. However, in addition to the processes of anthropogenic pollution, there are other processes that affect the formation of the ecological state of the basin. In particular, the processes of karst, waterlogging, flooding, ravine formation, subsidence and planar erosion are manifested. As a result of these processes, the channel is silted up, sediments are formed, and the shores are washed away. Environmental measures are proposed to improve the geoecological condition of the river basin. Among them: replanning of agricultural use of lands of various technological groups, organizational and economic agrotechnical reclamation and hydrotechnical compensatory measures.
Keywords: river basin, geoecological condition of the basin, sources of anthropogenic influence within the basin, anthropogenic transformation of the basin
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Brusak, Vitaliy, and Diana Senychak. "THE MONUMENTS OF NON-LIVING NATURE OF THE BASINS OF PRUT AND LAZESHCHYNA RIVERS IN CHORNOHORA MOUNTAIN RANGE IN UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS." PROBLEMS OF GEOMORPHOLOGY AND PALEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE UKRANIAN CARPATHIANS AND ADJACENT AREAS, no. 09 (01) (September 20, 2019): 133–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/gpc.2019.1.2807.
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The classification of the monuments of non-living nature of the basins of Prut and Lazeshchyna rivers in Chornohora mountain range in Ukrainian Carpathians as well as map, tables and suggestions for further alternative use of objects are presented. In the research the monuments of non-living nature are categorized such as geological, geomorphological and hydrological based on the main object of their value for protection. The classification of the geological and geomorphological monuments according to different principles such as meaningful, scientific and cognitive significance, genetic, purpose and size is developed. According to the main object of their value for protection and the genesis objects are classified into types of monuments, and by morphological expression – into species of monuments. The other methods of the research of monuments of non-living nature such as cartographic inventory and comprehensive certification are also presented. The river basins of Prut and Lazeshchyna are located on the northeast macro-slope of the Chornohora mountain range in the Ukrainian Carpathians in the area of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve and the Carpathian National Nature Park. On the territory of the studied river basins 11 geological monuments, 23 – geomorphological monuments, 7 – hydrological and hydrogeological monuments are identified. There are also 9 sites of fir forests and 14 sites of ancient forests protected in the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve in the Lazeshchyna river basin. On the territory of the Prut river basin there are 81 sites of ancient forests and primeval forests in the area of the Carpathian National Nature Park. The monuments of non-living nature can be used not only as the conservation ones but also as the places for recreation and tourism, organization of research and environmental education of the region. In addition, 2 multi-day, 1 two-day and 9 one-day geotourism routes to promote the natural resources of the studied river basins with the purpose to reduce the recreational degression of the main eco-trail “To the Goverla Mountain” are developed. Key words: monuments of non-living nature; geological sites; Chornohora mountain range; Prut river basin; Lazeshchyna river basin; geotourism route.
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Stojanovic, Zorica, Jaroslava Svarc-Gajic, Marika Djordjevic, Nada Grahovac, Jovica Vasin, Ana Djurovic, and Snezana Kravic. "Study on the quality of ground, spring and river waters in south-east Serbia." Chemical Industry 69, no. 2 (2015): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind131115033s.
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The study deals with mineral characterization of natural waters from South-East Serbia. The contents of aluminium, arsenic, calcium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, cooper, iron, potassium, magnesium, manganese, sodium, nickel, lead and zinc were analysed in spring, ground and river waters by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) technique. The study area was in the Southern Serbia, and included slopes of Rtanj, Ozren, Bukovik, Vrdenik and Cemernik mountains, and the valley of South Morava. Obtained contents were compared with Serbian regulations on the quality of water for human use, and directive of World Health Organization (WHO) for maximum allowed concentrations of chemical substances. High contents of macro-elements, namely calcium, magnesium and potassium, were detected in several spring and ground water samples which are believed to be due to direct influence of rock minerals. Some water samples contained iron, manganese and copper in concentration up to 84.2 ?g dm-3, 8.10 ?g dm-3 and 14.9 ?g dm-3, respectively, but within the permissible limits. Other heavy metals were not detected in analysed samples. Based on the derived results, tested ground and spring water samples have significant potential to be used as sources for the production of bottled water, but further investigations are necessary. Additional investigations have to be focused on complete physical, chemical and microbiological assessments of water resources. Systematic hydrogeological assessment also should be performed in all seasons. In the meantime, precautionary measures should be immediately taken to protect and preserve these water resources.
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Usman, Muhammad Mudassir, Muhammad Nuruddeen Abdulkareem, Abdullahi Muhammad, and Kabiru Hamza. "ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS EFFLUIENT (CHROMIUM & NICKEL) RELEASED INTO ROMI RIVER, KADUNA STATE: A CASE STUDY." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 4, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 704–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2020-0403-283.
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Industrial effluents discharged into the river poses a serious threat to our environment; the research examines the impact of some heavy metals of Kaduna refinery effluent into the Romi River. It asserts the nature of effluent released into the water body and also the impact of effluent on water quality. However the important water quality became relatively slowly as early human could only judge water quality through the physical senses of sight, taste and smell, now a days there is an increase of contamination of natural water bodies by industrial effluents in developing and densely populated countries like Nigeria, because rivers are major means of waste disposal and especially effluents from industries nearby. The data used in this research were generated from direct field measurement of pH, Conductivity, and Turbidity, heavy metal profiles (Chromium & Nickel) from Kaduna Refinery Effluent. The mean concentrations of the metals; chromium, iron, nickel, and zinc with the standard deviation were found to be: < 0.01 ± 0.1 mg/kg, and 0.06 ± 0.1 mg/kg. This study has shown that the mean concentration of chromium and Nickel found to be lower than the World Health Organization (WHO) acceptable limits while the concentration values of nickel 0.06 ± 0.1 mg/kg and iron 0.06 ± 0.1 mg/kg as found to be higher than the WHO, acceptable limits of the metals) obtained at the effluent points and this implicate the industry adjacent to the area as one of the sources of heavy metals in the river.
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Welderufael, W. A., Y. E. Woyessa, and D. C. Edossa. "Hydrological impact of rainwater harvesting in the Modder river basin of central South Africa." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 8, no. 3 (May 23, 2011): 5051–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-5051-2011.
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Abstract. Along the path of water flowing in a river basin are many water-related human interventions that modify the natural systems. Rainwater harvesting is one such intervention that involves harnessing of water in the upstream catchment. Increased water usage at upstream level is an issue of concern for downstream water availability to sustain ecosystem services. The upstream Modder River basin, located in a semi arid region in the central South Africa, is experiencing intermittent meteorological droughts causing water shortages for agriculture, livestock and domestic purpose. To address this problem a technique was developed for small scale farmers with the objective of harnessing rainwater for crop production. However, the hydrological impact of a wider adoption of this technique by farmers has not been well quantified. In this regard, the SWAT hydrological model was used to simulate the hydrological impact of such practices. The scenarios studied were: (1) Baseline scenario, based on the actual land use of 2000, which is dominated by pasture (combination of natural and some improved grass lands) (PAST); (2) Partial conversion of Land use 2000 (PAST) to conventional agriculture (Agri-CON); and (3) Partial conversion of Land use 2000 (PAST) to in-field rainwater harvesting which was aimed at improving the precipitation use efficiency (Agri-IRWH). SWAT was calibrated using observed daily mean stream flow data of a sub-catchment (419 km2) in the study area. SWAT performed well in simulating the stream flow giving Nash and Sutcliffe (1970) efficiency index of 0.57 for the monthly stream flow calibration. The simulated water balance results showed that the highest peak mean monthly direct flow was obtained on Agri-CON land use (18 mm), followed by PAST (12 mm) and Agri-IRWH land use (9 mm). These were 19 %, 13 % and 11 % of the mean annual rainfall, respectively. The Agri-IRWH scenario reduced direct flow by 38 % compared to Agri-CON. On the other hand it was found that the Agri-IRWH contributed to more groundwater flow (40 mm) compared to PAST (32 mm) and Agri-CON (19 mm) scenarios. These results are in line with the intended purpose of Agri-IRWH. Although there was a visible impact of the rainwater harvesting technique on the water yield when considered on a monthly time frame, the overall result suggests that the water yield of one of the upper Modder River Basin quaternary catchment may not be adversely affected by the Agri-IRWH land use scenario despite its surface runoff abstraction design.
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Shrestha, Praja Bhakta, and Gangadhar Chaudhary. "Examination of Household Evacuation Influencing Factors In Flood Disaster: A Case Study of Saptari Flood in Nepal." Journal of APF Command and Staff College 4, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 64–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/japfcsc.v4i1.34137.
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Disaster, a serious disruption in functioning of society whether by natural or manmade cause can happen anywhere. Devastating seismic, hurricane, flood, drought and fire are major disaster. Mitigating disaster risk, prompt rescue and timely evacuation decision during such disaster can prevent loss of lives and properties. The evacuation decision is the choice of people to stay away from the area of risk. The study analyzes the people’s perception of evacuation decisions in a flood disaster in the Saptari district of Nepal affected by Koshi River and other tributaries of it as a Disaster Risk Management. According to United Nations (2016), Management refers to “the organization, planning and applications of measure preparing for, responding to and recovering form disasters”. From the flood-affected site, 246 people were randomly selected for this study and examined the factors influencing evacuation decision-making. The study analyzes the past experiences of the people and their perception. The study has explored that Gender, Destination of evacuation, warning condition, reasons for not evacuating, education, age, proximity to the River from residence, land ownership, the capacity of the people are the factors examined and found no any association with the people’s decision on evacuation during the flood disaster in affected areas in Saptari district. These findings help the student, Disaster Risk Reduction field, Government policy makers and different actors to minimize the loss of lives and properties. The study also recommends for future research on victim’s evacuation decision-making capability in different flood-prone area of Nepal.
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Shrestha, Praja Bhakta, and Gangadhar Chaudhary. "Examination of Household Evacuation Influencing Factors In Flood Disaster: A Case Study of Saptari Flood in Nepal." Journal of APF Command and Staff College 4, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 64–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/japfcsc.v4i1.34137.
Full textAbstract:
Disaster, a serious disruption in functioning of society whether by natural or manmade cause can happen anywhere. Devastating seismic, hurricane, flood, drought and fire are major disaster. Mitigating disaster risk, prompt rescue and timely evacuation decision during such disaster can prevent loss of lives and properties. The evacuation decision is the choice of people to stay away from the area of risk. The study analyzes the people’s perception of evacuation decisions in a flood disaster in the Saptari district of Nepal affected by Koshi River and other tributaries of it as a Disaster Risk Management. According to United Nations (2016), Management refers to “the organization, planning and applications of measure preparing for, responding to and recovering form disasters”. From the flood-affected site, 246 people were randomly selected for this study and examined the factors influencing evacuation decision-making. The study analyzes the past experiences of the people and their perception. The study has explored that Gender, Destination of evacuation, warning condition, reasons for not evacuating, education, age, proximity to the River from residence, land ownership, the capacity of the people are the factors examined and found no any association with the people’s decision on evacuation during the flood disaster in affected areas in Saptari district. These findings help the student, Disaster Risk Reduction field, Government policy makers and different actors to minimize the loss of lives and properties. The study also recommends for future research on victim’s evacuation decision-making capability in different flood-prone area of Nepal.
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LASHUTINA, V. O. "PERSPECTIVES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONTAINER CARGO TRANSPORTATION INLAND WATERWAYS OF UKRAINE." Economic innovations 21, no. 1(70) (March 20, 2019): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2019.21.1(70).106-112.
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Topicality. The river potential of Ukraine has great prospects in the direction of connecting with Europe at the expense of increasing the transit capacity of the Danube and the Dnieper rivers taking into account the access to the Black Sea. River transport has a number of advantages over land, in particular: ready natural ways; use of water flow; the ability to transport any cargo and passengers simultaneously; safety and environmental friendliness; high bandwidth; high degree of reliability and timeliness of delivery; low cost of transportation, which leads to fuel economy, etc. It should be noted that to date, taking into account the uplift tariffs for transportation by rail and inconvenience of use of motor transport, organization of container service on the Dnieper is the most promising and in demand.Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is to determine the organizational and economic bases of river container transportation in Ukraine. In accordance with the stated aim, it is necessary to analyze the cargo base of river container transportation in Ukraine; to formulate priorities of development of river navigation of Ukraine; to substantiate the efficiency of using container technology of cargo transportation by inland waterways of Ukraine.Research results. The complex of measures for the development of container cargo transportation by inland waterways of Ukraine was proposed, the analysis of the market of river container transportations in Ukraine in comparison with the countries of the European Union and the USA was carried out, the main problems of development of inland water transport were identified and measures for their further development and operation of inland waterways of Ukraine taking into account the prospect of their integration into the European transport network.Conclusion. Ukraine has significant potential for organizing logistics schemes for cargo transportation involving river transport in several directions. The presence, albeit somewhat obsolete, a powerful infrastructure base, a convenient geographical location and the availability of traffic flows that can potentially be transported by inland waterways, creates the preconditions for the restoration and development of this transport area.
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Дебков and Nikita Debkov. "THE NATURAL POTENTIAL OF REGENERATION IN FIR FORESTS, DAMAGED DURING THE INVASION OF POLYGRAPHUS PROXIMUS." Forestry Engineering Journal 7, no. 1 (August 15, 2017): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/25194.
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In the beginning of this century, the cases of invasions of dendrophilous insects becomes more often. The impact of invadors leads to the degradation of forest ecosystems and loss of natural biological diversity. The article discusses the invasion of Polygraphus proximus Blandf. in fir forests of Western Siberia. The aim of the research was to evaluate the potential of natural regeneration of fir forests in Western Siberia, damaged by Polygraphus proximus. Studies are conducted in the southern part of the Tomsk region at 11 test plots. Objects of research were both one breed fir trees, and grass communities of Siberian fir (Abies sibirica Ledeb.) with participation of Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour), Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.), silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) and aspen (Populus tremula L.). Surveyed plantations belonged to the ripening or ripe age states. The study of natural regeneration was carried out according to standard procedures. Method of transects was used. Measurements were subjected to basic morphological parameters of the undergrowth. The distribution of the natural regeneration area was estimated by calculating the ratio of occurrence and index of scattering. To assess the affinity of the undergrowth, micromosaic structure of the organization of communities was studied. Analysis of the size and morphological structure of natural regeneration have identified the degree of damage of forest stand and condition of the undergrowth. Dynamics of spatial structure is characterized by heterogeneity (index of dispersion exceeds 1). It indicates group location and its variable density. 82 % of teste plots were recorded with mortality of trees in the impact of Polygraphus proximus. In this case the bulk of the deceased undergrowth is from the major category (95 %), and only 5 % is the average undergrowth. The share of deceased major undergrowth was 9.9-50 %. There was a positive relationship between the number of mortality of trees and status category of fir forest. The number of damaged undergrowth in fir forests varies from 1.2 to 29.6 thousand units/ha. Predominant species is fir. Fir forests of Western Siberia, damaged by Polygraphus proximus, have potential of regeneration. Siberian fir will retain edificatoria value.