Academic literature on the topic 'Grasshopper diversity'

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Journal articles on the topic "Grasshopper diversity"

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Abrori, Mufti, Amin Setyo Leksono, and zulfaidah Penata Gama. "The Abundance and Diversity of Grasshopper (Orthoptera) in Batu City, East Java." Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology 9, no. 1 (2021): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.biotropika.2021.009.01.03.

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Grasshoppers belong to the order Orthoptera in the insect class. The Orthoptera order is divided into two major suborders, namely Ensifera and Caelifera. Most grasshopper species play a role as herbivores and are a good source of protein for other animals The abundance and diversity of grasshoppers are more stable in an ecosystem with less disturbance and vice versa. The factors that influence the diversity of grasshoppers include ecological factors such as vegetation structure, atmospheric temperature, relative humidity. This study aims to analyze the abundance and diversity of grasshopper communities (Orthoptera) in Batu City, East Java. There are four research locations, namely Tahura R. Soerjo Cangar, Sumbergondo Village, Coban Talun, Junrejo District. Measurement of biotic and abiotic factors in grasshopper habitat (orthoptera), data analysis using the Shannon Wiener diversity index (H'), Importance Value Index (IVI), and biplot analysis. The results showed that the total number of grasshoppers in the ecosystem found was 754 individuals divided into 11 species, 2 families, and 7 subfamilies from Caelifera. Meanwhile, 201 individuals were found in the type of Ensifera, which were divided into 4 species from 2 families and 2 subfamilies. This study concludes that the species diversity of grasshoppers in several ecosystems in Batu City in the suborder Caelifera with the highest diversity is at the Junrejo location. Whereas in the suborder Ensifera the highest diversity was in the Sumbergondo location. The vegetation area has an influence on the diversity of grasshoppers both from the two suborders. The reduction in natural habitat for grasshoppers due to a large number of land uses by humans also has a negative impact on the sustainability of grasshoppers. Environmental factors affect the abundance and diversity of insects including grasshoppers, the response of each type of grasshopper to environmental characteristics affects their existence in a habitat.
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Rahayu, Sri, and Sulistiyawati Sulistiyawati. "Locusts (Acrididae) Diversity in Gunung Bunder Forest Park." Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering 1 (October 31, 2017): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/icse.v1.268.

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The aim of this study was to know the grasshopper diversity in Gunung Bunder Forest Park. Sampling plots were done by purposive sampling method. Grasshoppers were catched by a sweeping net and glue trapping. The result of the research were as follows: grasshopper diversity (H'=1.32), the number of individuals (n=1127), dominance index (D=0.4) and the species evenness index (E=0.55). Grasshopper species found are Phlaeoba fumosa, Stenocatantops splendens, Stenocatantops angustifrons, Eucoptacra sp., Chondracris rosea, Valanga nigricornis, Leptacris sp., Gastrimargus marmoratus, Trilophidia annulata, Oedaleus infernalis, Oxya japonica and Caryanda spuria.
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Oumarou Ngoute, Charly, Sévilor Kekeunou, Michel Lecoq, Armand Richard Nzoko Fiemapong, Philène Corine Aude Um Nyobe, and Charles Félix Bilong Bilong. "Effect of anthropogenic pressure on grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acridomorpha) species diversity in three forests in southern Cameroon." Journal of Orthoptera Research 29, no. 1 (2020): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.29.33373.

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Grasshoppers are highly diversified in tropical rainforests and considered of both ecological and conservation importance. The population dynamics of central African grasshoppers, however, and the structure of their communities remain poorly studied. We report here on the impact of human activities on the diversity of grasshopper species from three localities in southern Cameroon: Ongot, more anthropized forest; Zamakoe, moderately anthropized forest; and Ngutadjap, less anthropized forest. Data were collected using sweep nets, quadrats, and pitfall traps. We analyzed how pressures from human activities affected the grasshopper species compositions using five statistical methods: (1) two non-parametric estimators for specific richness, (2) abundance, (3) abundance distribution model, (4) α diversity index, and (5) β diversity index. The results showed no significant differences in species richness between the sites (nine species at Zamakoe, seven each at Ongot and Ngutadjap). Among these species, one was specific to Ongot and Zamakoe, while one, two, and three species, respectively, were found only in Ongot, Ngutadjap, and Zamakoe. Abundance and species diversity of grasshoppers increased with anthropogenic pressure on the forests. We noticed a great similarity between the grasshopper communities of the two localities under the greatest anthropogenic pressure (Ongot and Zamakoe) compared to that of the less anthropized locality of Ngutadjap. The most common grasshopper species, Mazea granulosa, was most abundant where deforestation was highest. Species diversity was highest in the more and moderately anthropized forests, and the diversity index showed greater similarity between these two grasshopper communities compared with that of the less anthropized forest. This work enables us to better understand how the parameters of these insect communities reflect the degree of forest degradation in southern Cameroon.
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Oumarou, Ngoute Charly, Sévilor Kekeunou, Michel Lecoq, Fiemapong Armand Richard Nzoko, Nyobe Philène Corine Aude Um, and Bilong Charles Félix Bilong. "Effect of anthropogenic pressure on grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acridomorpha) species diversity in three forests in southern Cameroon." Journal of Orthoptera Research 29, no. (1) (2020): 25–34. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.29.33373.

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Grasshoppers are highly diversified in tropical rainforests and considered of both ecological and conservation importance. The population dynamics of central African grasshoppers, however, and the structure of their communities remain poorly studied. We report here on the impact of human activities on the diversity of grasshopper species from three localities in southern Cameroon: Ongot, more anthropized forest; Zamakoe, moderately anthropized forest; and Ngutadjap, less anthropized forest. Data were collected using sweep nets, quadrats, and pitfall traps. We analyzed how pressures from human activities affected the grasshopper species compositions using five statistical methods: (1) two non-parametric estimators for specific richness, (2) abundance, (3) abundance distribution model, (4) α diversity index, and (5) β diversity index. The results showed no significant differences in species richness between the sites (nine species at Zamakoe, seven each at Ongot and Ngutadjap). Among these species, one was specific to Ongot and Zamakoe, while one, two, and three species, respectively, were found only in Ongot, Ngutadjap, and Zamakoe. Abundance and species diversity of grasshoppers increased with anthropogenic pressure on the forests. We noticed a great similarity between the grasshopper communities of the two localities under the greatest anthropogenic pressure (Ongot and Zamakoe) compared to that of the less anthropized locality of Ngutadjap. The most common grasshopper species, Mazea granulosa, was most abundant where deforestation was highest. Species diversity was highest in the more and moderately anthropized forests, and the diversity index showed greater similarity between these two grasshopper communities compared with that of the less anthropized forest. This work enables us to better understand how the parameters of these insect communities reflect the degree of forest degradation in southern Cameroon.
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Afdila, Alita Nur, M. Kanedi, Nismah Nukmal, and Sutyarso Sutyarso. "The Diversity of Grasshoppers in Liwa Botanical Garden Based on Time Capture." Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Eksperimen dan Keanekaragaman Hayati 7, no. 1 (2020): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jbekh.v7i1.8.

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Grasshopper is one of the diurnal cosmopolitan insect, the existence of grasshoppers is very influential for some other animal populations such as birds. It is still lack of information of diversity, distribution, population, and other basic biological aspects of grasshoppers at Kebun Raya Liwa (KRL). To monitor biodiversity, it is necessary to provide informations about the number of individuals, their functions, and roles in the habitat and ecosystem. Therefore it is necessary to conduct the research of these topics. This research was carried out during November to December 2019, at the Taman Hias Kebun Raya Liwa. Grasshoppers were cached in the morning from 06.00 AM to 09.00 AM, day from 10.00 AM to 02.00 PM, and afternoon from 03.00 PM to 06.00 PM . The grasshoppers was cached using a sweeping net by exploring the Taman Hias Kebun Raya Liwa. The caught grasshopper was identified at the Zoology Laboratory of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Lampung. The result show that ten species of grasshopper were found at the Taman Hias Kebun Raya Liwa, i.e. Phaleoba antennata, Phaleoba fumosa, Phaleoba rustica, Atractomorpha crenulata, Atractomorpha sp., Phillium crurifolium, Phillium sp, Trilophidia annulata, Oxya chienensis, and Melanoplus differentialentialis. The index diversity of grasshopper at the Taman Hias Kebun Raya Liwa is categorized to moderate with H' = 2.223. The best time to catch grasshoppers is in the morning from 06.00 AM-09.00 AM and afternoon from 03:00 PM – 05:00 PM.
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Wang, Jian-Mei, Jing Bai, Fang-Yuan Zheng, et al. "Diversity of the gut microbiome in three grasshopper species using 16S rRNA and determination of cellulose digestibility." PeerJ 8 (November 5, 2020): e10194. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10194.

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Background Grasshoppers are typical phytophagous pests, and they have large appetites with high utilization of plants fibers, the digestion of which may depend on the microorganisms in their intestines. Grasshoppers have the potential to be utilized in bioreactors, which could improve straw utilization efficiency in the future. In this study, we describe the gut microbiome in three species of grasshoppers, Oedaleus decorus asiaticus, Aiolopus tamulus and Shirakiacris shirakii, by constructing a 16S rDNA gene library and analyzed the digestibility of cellulose and hemicellulose in the grasshoppers by using moss black phenol colorimetry and anthrone colorimetry. Results There were 509,436 bacterial OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units) detected in the guts of all the grasshoppers sampled. Among them, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the most common, Aiolopus tamulus had the highest bacterial diversity, and Shirakiacris shirakii had the highest bacterial species richness. The intestinal microflora structure varied between the different species of grasshopper, with Aiolopus tamulus and Shirakiacris shirakii being the most similar. Meanwhile, the time at which grasshopper specimens were collected also led to changes in the intestinal microflora structure in the same species of grasshoppers. Klebsiella may form the core elements of the microflora in the grasshopper intestinal tract. The digestibility of cellulose/hemicellulose among the three species grasshoppers varied (38.01/24.99%, 43.95/17.21% and 44.12/47.62%). LEfSe analysis and Spearman correlation coefficients showed that the hemicellulosic digestibility of Shirakiacris shirakii was significantly higher than that of the other two species of grasshopper, which may be related to the presence of Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Glutamicibacter, Corynebacterium, and Brachybacterium in Shirakiacris shirakii intestinal tract. Conclusion The intestinal microbial communities of the three grasshoppers species are similar on phylum level, but the dominant genera of different species grasshoppers are different. The cellulose digestibility of the three species of grasshoppers is relatively high, which may be correlated with the presence of some gut microbiome. Increasing the understanding of the structure and function of the grasshopper intestinal microflora will facilitate further research and the utilization of intestinal microorganisms in the future.
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A.R., Bhusnar. "Acridid (Orthoptera) diversity of agriculture ecosystem from Solapur District of Maharashtra, India." Biolife 3, no. 2 (2022): 461–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7269630.

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<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> Diversity of Acridid (Orthoptra) was studied at the Solapur district in 2012-2013, Acridid Grasshoppers were collected by one man one hour search method at 15 days interval. Total 18 species from seven sub families were identified with their average population and studied distribution patterns also from different tahsils of Solapur district. Maximum species reported from Pandharpur, Mohal and Malshirous tehsil. Out of 18 species, <em>P. infumata</em> is dominant species. In overall observation maximum population of grasshoppers reported in Post monsoon period and minimum population in pre-monsoon period.&nbsp; <strong>Key words</strong>- Acridid, Grasshopper, Diversity, Orthoptera. <strong>References </strong> Bhowmik, H.K. 1986. Grasshopper fauna of West Bengal. <em>Zoological Survey of India</em>. P1:179. Branson D. H. and G. A. Sword, 2009.Grasshopper herbivory affect native plant diversity and abundance in a grasshopper dominated by the exotic grass. <em>Agropyron cristatum.&nbsp; Restoration Ecology.</em>&nbsp; 17(1) : 89-96. Chandra, K. 2003. Insecta biodiversity in Madhya Pradesh and Chhatisgarh. <em>Advancement in Insect Biodiversity Agrobios (India) Jodhpur</em> :&nbsp; 37-52. Dwivedi, K.P. 1978. Energy flow of the grasshopper <em>Conocephalus pallidus</em> Redt. Tettigoniidae : Orthoptera population in mohan-Bhata grassland, Madhya Pradesh <em>Indian Journal of Ecology</em>, 5(2) : 222-228. D. Prabakar, S. Prabakaran, Y. Chezhian, D. Vimala and R. Sundararaj. 2015. Diversity of insecta: Orthoptera of Kanchipuram District in Tamil Nadu. Biolife;3(1); 342-352.doi: 10.17812/blja2015.31.31.1. Ingrisch, S. and A. Gorai, 2001. Orthopteroid insects from Ganesh Himal, Nepal <em>Buchreine Zur Entomologie </em>8 : 755-770. Isely, F.B. 1944. Correlation between mandibular morphology and food specificity in grasshopper. <em>Annals of Entomological society of America.</em> 37:47-67. Kirby, W.F. 1914. The fauna of British India Ceylon and Burma. Orthoptera (Acridiidae). London IX 276 pp. Mayya, S. Sreepada, K.S. &amp; Hegade, M., Jayarama, 2003. Survey of short horned grasshoppers (Acrididae) from Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka.&nbsp; <em>Zoos. Print Journal.</em>&nbsp; 20(9) : 1977-1979. Paulraj, M.G., V. Anabalagan &amp; S. Ignacimutha, 2009. Distribution of grasshoppers (Insecta : Orthoptera) among different host plants and habitats in two districts of Tamil Nadu; India. <em>Journal of Threatened Taxa </em>1 (4) : 230-233. Risser, P.G. E. C. Binery, H. D.Blocker, S.W. May, W. J. Parton and J. A. Wiens(1981). The true prairie ecosystem. Hutchinson Ross. Pub. Co., Stroudsburg, Penn, pp-557 Scott, J. A., N. R. French and J.W. Leetcham ( 1979). Pattern of consumption in grasslands.pp.89-105. Shishodia, M.S.&nbsp; Mehta H.S., Mattu V.K. and S.K. Thakur, 2002. Orthoptera (Insecta) from Pong Dam Wetland, District Kangra (H.P.) India. <em>Zoos Print Journal </em>18(3) : 1047-1048. Smith, T. R &amp; Capinera, J. L. 2005. Mandibular morphology of some Floridian grasshopper (Orthoptera : Acrididae). <em>&nbsp;Florida Entomologists.</em>&nbsp; 88(2) : 204-207 Song, Hojun. 2006. Description of <em>Schstocerca cohni</em> n. sp. and redescription of <em>s. Socorro </em>&nbsp;(Dirsch) (Orthoptera : Acrididae : Crytacanthacridinae) from Mexico. <em>&nbsp;Zootaxa.&nbsp; </em>1150 : 43-52. Suhail, A., Jalal Ariy, M. and Suhail, G. 1999. Taxonomic studies on Hemiacridinae (Acrididae : Orthoptera) of Pakistan. <em>Int. J. Agri. Biol. </em>&nbsp;1 : 142-144.
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Bao, Bowen, Xicheng Wang, Zhenrui Peng, Qingyao Zhu, Xinjiang Li, and Daochuan Zhang. "Pattern of Diversity and Prediction of Suitable Areas of Grasshoppers from the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau in China (Orthoptera: Acridoidea)." Insects 16, no. 2 (2025): 191. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16020191.

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The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is recognized as a biodiversity hotspot, with a wide variety of grasshopper species, including several endemic to the region, which play significant roles in both agricultural and forestry ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to analyze the species diversity and distribution pattern of grasshoppers on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. A comprehensive database comprising 390 grasshopper species was established through specimen collection, a literature review, and a geographical distribution data analysis. Diversity analysis showed that the diversity of species under the five vegetation types was relatively average. However, the alpine cold vegetation of Qinghai–Tibet and subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest still showed a relatively high Shannon index and Simpson index. Grasshopper species are mainly concentrated in the eastern and southern parts of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. The richness pattern showed that grasshopper species diversity was particularly high in certain mountain areas, with Bayankala Mountain and Hengduan Mountain being endemic hotspots. The MaxEnt models were used to assess the potential habitats for four dominant genera of grasshoppers under projected climate change scenarios for 2050 and 2070. Altitude was the factor affecting the distribution of Locusta, Chorthippus, and Kingdonella, while precipitation and temperature were the factors affecting the distribution of Leuconemacris. These findings improve our understanding of the distribution patterns of different grasshopper species across various habitat types on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and provide valuable insights for developing targeted ecological protection strategies in response to environmental changes.
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Ilhamdi, Moh Liwa, Muhammad Syazali, and Baiq Febrian Sari Rizki. "Diversity of Grasshopper (Hexapoda: Orthoptera) in the Conservation Area of Kerandangan Natur Park, Senggigi, West Lombok." Jurnal Pijar Mipa 19, no. 2 (2024): 365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jpm.v19i2.6593.

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The Kerandangan TWA conservation area has high biodiversity, but much of it is unknown, including grasshoppers. This research aims to analyze the diversity of grasshoppers in the area. Grasshopper samples were collected on two transects determined purposively. This collection was carried out over two months, namely October to November 2022. Data on species and numbers were analyzed descriptively. This analysis includes abundance, richness index, diversity index, and species evenness index. Our findings show that there are 8 species of grasshoppers from the families Acrididae, Pyrgomorphidae, Catantopidae, and Tettigoniidae. The most abundant species was Stenocatantops splendens, whose proportion was 66.67%. The species richness, diversity, and evenness indexes were 2.06, 1.27, and 0.61, respectively. This shows that grasshopper biodiversity in Kerandangan TWA is relatively low. However, it must be conserved because of its essential role in maintaining regional ecological processes.
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Inayah, Siti Nurul, Mohammad Liwa Ilhamdi, and Didik Santoso. "Diversity of Grasshopper in The Rice Fields of Kalijaga Village, East Lombok." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 23, no. 3 (2023): 443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v23i3.5261.

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Grasshoppers are the main herbivorous insects in the ecosystem, grasshoppers also act as pests, as predators, decomposers of organic matter and carrion eaters. To maintain the ecosystem of rice fields, grasshoppers have a very importants role in maintaining its stability. The research aimed to determine the level of diversity, evenness and dominance of grasshopper species in the rice fields of Kalijaga village. The kinds of this research was done by catching the grasshopper by using sweeping net. The location was taken in five location around Kalijaga such as west, east, north and middle location. The data was taken in nine times repeating for three month. The data was taken in the morning around 08.00-11.00 and afternoon 15.00-17.00 o’clock. The data analysis was used ecology index that include Shanon-Winner (H’), Evennes index (E’) and Simpson domination index (D). Based on data analysis was gotten that (1) there were 1,957 total of diversity index or include medium categories, (2) there were 0,816 the total number of grasshopper species of evenness index or include medium categories (3) there were 0,178 total number domination index of species with low categories.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Grasshopper diversity"

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Veltsos, Paris. "The involvement of a sex chromosome fusion and rDNA diversity in the grasshopper podisma pedestris hybrid zone." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500027.

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A fusion involving the X chromosome has generated a Neo-XY race from the standard acridid XOIXX karyotype in the grasshopper Podisma pedestris. The two races meet and form a hybrid zone. However the specific targets of selection responsible for its maintenance have never been found. This thesis examines the possibility of involvement of ribosomal DNA and fitness regimes driven by early sex chromosome evolution in the maintenance of the hybrid zone. rDNA was studied with fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) and at the sequence level. FISH reveals an astonishing polymorphism in the distribution of rDNA loci, both within individual populations and between spatially isolated populations, allowing their subdivision into previously undetected genetic races. It is suggested that rDNA differentiation between populations could maintain the hybrid zone either by random mixing of rDNA loci, expected to generate individuals with insufficient rDNA, or by rDNA sequence incompatibility. Data from diverse experimental approaches addressed the evolution of rDNA itself. In particular, it was possible to show that rDNA loci contain multiple pseudogenes and that concerted evolution is not successful in homogenising all loci. It was also possible to demonstrate mobility of active loci and to assess the effect of rDNA copy number on the previously described genome size difference between the two races. Sex chromosome incompatibilities maintaining the hybrid zone were assessed by fitting computer simulation data to ecological data obtained from the field. The fitness reduction of the chromosomal heterozygotes for the X, or the evolution of male beneficial and female deleterious alleles on the Neo- Y, could be involved with the maintenance of the P. pedestris hybrid zone. More generally it is shown that the fusion may mark the beginning of the inevitable establishment of the Neo-XY system.
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SOUZA, Tyago Eufrásio de. "Diversidade cromossômica e molecular de gafanhotos neotropicais." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17917.

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Submitted by Natalia de Souza Gonçalves (natalia.goncalves@ufpe.br) on 2016-09-23T13:21:33Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Diversidade cromossômica e molecular de gafanhotos neotropicais_Tese_Tyago Eufrásio de Souza_2016.pdf: 5140522 bytes, checksum: a3f59c2f3fae3b977e8e585c0f3ff493 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-23T13:21:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Diversidade cromossômica e molecular de gafanhotos neotropicais_Tese_Tyago Eufrásio de Souza_2016.pdf: 5140522 bytes, checksum: a3f59c2f3fae3b977e8e585c0f3ff493 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-03<br>CAPES<br>Nos últimos anos, alguns estudos de mapeamento cromossômico foram realizados em gafanhotos do grupo Acridomorpha, preferencialmente através do uso de sondas de sequências repetitivas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo contribuir para uma melhor compreensão dos aspectos cromossômicos evolutivos em gafanhotos acridomorfos e da diversidade genética de Ommexecha virens. Os genes de cópia única Hsp83, Hsp70, Hsp27, Ubi, Lys foram localizados nos cromossomos meióticos de Ommexecha virens, Xyleus discoideus angulatus, Tropidacris collaris e Stiphra robusta e Lys em Schistocerca pallens através de Hibridização in situ permanente (PISH). Sequências repetitivas de rDNA 45S, rDNA 5S e Histona H3 foram localizadas em O virens através de Hibridização in situ fluorescente (FISH). Em O. virens também foi analisado o cromossomo B por técnicas convencionais, diferenciais e moleculares, bem como a estrutura genética de oito populações naturais (seis de Pernambuco, uma da Bahia e uma do Ceará) do Nordeste brasileiro com o marcador ISSR (regiões entre sequências de repetições simples). Os genes de cópia única apresentaram um padrão conservado de localização em pares cromossômicos grandes, preferencialmente o L1, exceto para Hsp70 e Ubi, localizados no L2. Sinais secundários foram observados em cromossomos médios. A conservação apresentada deve-se a ausência ou pequena ocorrência de rearranjos nos cromossomos destes cariótipos, o que reduz o risco de eventos deletérios, bem como pela localização coincidente com regiões ricas em heterocromatina constitutiva. A conservação da localização destes genes indicou os cromossomos portadores dos locus gênicos ancestrais para os genes mapeados. O estudo do cromossomo B em O. virens revelou similaridade de tamanho e marcação CMA3 positiva com o cromossomo 9, sugerindo a possível origem deste cromossomo. Contudo, a presença de sítios de rDNA 45S e Histona H3 no cromossomo 9 e ausência no B, provavelmente pela deleção dessas sequências neste cromossomo, não permitem descartar a possibilidade do B ter se originado de outro cromossomo. A análise genética populacional em O. virens mostrou três cluster, os quais exibiram relação com aspectos da biologia da espécie, a paisagem dos ambientes amostrados e com as modificações geológicas ocorridas no Nordeste brasileiro, em particular a formação do complexo da Borborema e a Chapada do Araripe.<br>In recent years, some chromosomal mapping studies were performed in Acridomorpha group grasshoppers, preferably through the use of repetitive sequence probes. In this work in order to contribute to a better understanding of evolutionary chromosomal aspects of acridomorphs and genetic diversity of Ommexecha virens. The single copy genes Hsp83, Hsp70, Hsp27, Ubi, Lys were located in meiotic chromosomes of Ommexecha virens, Xyleus discoideus angulatus, Tropidacris collaris and Stiphra robusta, and Lys in Schistocerca pallens through permanent situ hybridization (PISH). Repetitive sequences of 45S rDNA, 5S rDNA and H3 histone were located in the O. virens via fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). In O. virens was also analyzed the B chromosome by conventional, differential and molecular techniques and genetic structure of eight natural populations (six of Pernambuco, one of Bahia and one of Ceará) of the Northeast of Brazil with ISSR marker (inter simple sequence repeat). Single copy genes showed a conserved pattern of location in large chromosomal pairs, preferably L1, except for Hsp70 and Ubi, located in L2. Secondary signals were observed on medium chromosomes. The presented conservation due to absence or occurrence of small rearrangements in these karyotypes, which reduces the risk of deleterious events as well as for matching location with regions rich in heterochromatin. The conservation of the location of these genes indicated the chromosomes carrying the genic locus ancestors to the mapped genes. The study of B chromosome of O. virens revealed similarity in size and CMA3 positive marking to chromosome 9, suggesting the possible origin of this chromosome. However, the presence of 45S rDNA sites and H3 histone on chromosome 9 and the absence on B, probably due to deletion of these sequences in this chromosome, do not allow to rule out the possibility of B have originated from another chromosome. Population genetic analysis O. virens showed three clusters, which exhibited relationship with aspects of the biology of the species, the landscape of the study sites and the geological changes occurred in northeastern of Brazil, in particular the formation of the Borborema and Araripe plateaus.
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Deraison, Hélène. "Effet de la diversité fonctionnelle de communautés d'insectes herbivores sur la diversité et le fonctionnement d'un écosystème prairial." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT2331.

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La biodiversité est un paramètre déterminant du fonctionnement des écosystèmes. Un effet généralement positif de la diversité en plantes a été observé dans plusieurs études pionnières. Cependant il y a un besoin urgent de mieux comprendre le rôle de la biodiversité au sein des écosystèmes notamment en intégrant différentes composantes importantes de la diversité telles que la diversité fonctionnelle entre et au sein de niveaux trophiques contrastés.Nous avons testé l’effet de la diversité spécifique et fonctionnelle de communautés d’herbivores généralistes (criquets, Acrididea) sur le fonctionnement d’un écosystème prairial. Nous avons créé des communautés expérimentales de criquets au sein desquelles les diversités spécifique et fonctionnelle ont été manipulées de manière indépendante.Cette expérimentation a permis d’identifier les traits fonctionnels d’effet déterminant l’intensité des interactions trophiques entre les communautés de plantes et de criquets. Nous montrons également que les mécanismes contrôlant l’impact des communautés de criquets sur la biomasse végétale dépendent de leur identité et de leur diversité fonctionnelles. Ainsi une plus forte diversité des traits mandibulaires au sein d’une communauté augmente la taille des niches alimentaires et l’impact total observé sur l’écosystème. Enfin, la réponse de l’écosystème face aux herbivores dépend directement de l’intensité de la pression d’herbivorie, de la diversité fonctionnelle en plantes et des changements de composition fonctionnelle au sein des communautés végétales.Cette étude contribue au développement des approches basées sur l’utilisation des traits au sein des interactions trophiques afin de relier l’effet de la biodiversité entre et au sein de multiples niveaux trophiques sur le fonctionnement des écosystèmes<br>Biodiversity is a major determinant of ecosystem functioning. Pioneer biodiversity experiments have shown a general positive relationship between plant diversity and ecosystem functioning. However there is now a growing need to integrate the functional diversity within multi-trophic levels to improve our ability to scale biodiversity changes into future ecosystem functioning.We experimentally tested how the functional identity and diversity of generalist insect herbivore communities impact the functioning of a grassland ecosystem. We experimentally and independently manipulated the functional identity and diversity of grasshopper communities.We identified grasshopper functional effect traits determining the intensity of trophic interactions between plant and grasshopper communities. We demonstrated that the mechanisms driving grasshopper community impact on plant biomass depend on their functional identity and diversity. Thus a higher functional diversity of grasshopper mandibular traits increases the size of the feeding niche within communities and the total impact on ecosystem. Finally, ecosystem response to herbivores depends directly on the intensity of herbivory pressure, plant functional diversity and on the changes of plant functional structure within plant communities.Our study contributes to the development of the trait-based approach in the study of trophic interactions to link biodiversity between and within trophic levels on ecosystem functioning
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Mutch, Paul D. "Assessment of small scale tallgrass prairie restoration in an urban environment." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/2944.

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Tallgrass prairie restoration is an important conservation activity in rural areas. However, little is known about prairie restoration in urban environments. The overall objective of this study was to characterize and better understand urban prairie restoration. This was carried out through an examination of 29 restoration sites within Winnipeg, Manitoba. The results indicated that actively restored urban prairies were successful and high in diversity. Multiple attributes of the restorations were examined as indicators of success including vegetation, the propagule bank and insects. However, not all attributes delivered equivocal results. This suggests that multiple measures should be used to assess a restoration site. Anthropogenic and biophysical variables were found to influence vegetation of the restorations equally, highlighting the importance of incorporating a human component in urban ecological research. These urban restorations were seen to surpass larger rural restorations in quality; thus, efforts should be made to increase their prevalence.<br>February 2008
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Jerrentrup, Jana Sabrina. "Effects of management on biodiversity and productivity of grazed grassland." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-5EA0-5.

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Die Nutzung von Beweidung zur Erhaltung und Förderung von Biodiversität wird allgemein als positiv erachtet, da so strukturell diverse Flächen erhalten werden können. Die Auswirkungen unterschiedlicher Managementszenarien auf die Artenvielfalt sind zwar weitreichend untersucht, auf Langzeitexperimenten jedoch sehr rar. Mit unserem ersten Experiment wollten wir die Frage beantworten, welche Nutzungsintensität am besten geeignet ist, um Diversität von Insekten zu fördern. Das dafür genutzte Langzeitexperiment wurde 2002 mit zwei Beweidungsintensitäten etabliert und eine dritte Intensitätsstufe 2005 eingeführt. Zwischen 2002 und 2004 sowie 2010 und 2011 wurde der Einfluss der Beweidungsvarianten auf die Insektendiversität im Sinne des Artenreichtums und der Abundanz von Heuschrecken (Orthoptera) und Tagfaltern (Lepidoptera) aufgenommen. Wie erwartet, zeigte sich bei intensivster Beweidung die geringste Diversität. Trotzdem war die extensivste Beweidung nicht vorteilhafter als die mittel intensive Beweidung. Aus diesem Grund empfehlen wir eine mittelstarke Beweidung, da diese besonders geeignet ist um eine ausreichende Narbenhöhe und eine strukturell diverse Grasnarbe zu schaffen. Dieses Management zeichnet sich durch vielfältige ökologische Nischen aus, die einer Bandbreite von unterschiedlichen Arten Habitat bieten, wovon besonders weniger mobile Herbivoren wie Heuschrecken profitieren können. Wenn Pflanzendiversität im Vordergrund steht, muss auch die Art des Weidetiers betrachtet werden, da sich die Tierarten in ihren Beweidungseigenschaften unterscheiden und demnach auch Vegetation und Narbenstruktur beeinflusst werden können. In einem zweiten Experiment haben wir deshalb den Einfluss von Rindern und Schafen in Monobeweidung als auch in Mischbeweidung untersucht. Eine Hälfte der Parzellen wurde mit Herbiziden gegen Dikotyle behandelt um den Weidetiereffekt in Abhängigkeit der Narbenzusammensetzung zu analysieren. Das Experiment wurde zwischen 2007 und 2011 beweidet und die Vegetationszusammensetzung jeweils vor jeder Beweidungsperiode und zusätzlich im Jahr 2012 aufgenommen. Die beiden Narbentypen zeigten wie erwartet deutliche Unterschiede in Zusammensetzung und Diversität. Dahingegen unterschieden sich die Weidetier-Varianten nur marginal voneinander. Die Rinderparzellen wiesen zwar eine höhere alpha-(Artenreichtum) als auch beta-Diversität auf, allerdings war dieser Effekt nur in einem Jahr auf jeweils einem Narbentyp zu finden. Zusammenfassend können gewöhnliche Weiden in ihrer Vegetationszusammensetzung und -diversität mithilfe unterschiedlicher Tierarten nur geringfügig gesteuert werden. Es konnte lediglich ein marginaler Vorteil von Rinder- gegenüber Schafbeweidung festgestellt werden Auf demselben Experiment waren wir weiterhin daran interessiert, wie pflanzliche Diversität und agrarische Produktivität miteinander verbunden sind. Unsere Ergebnisse verneinen jedoch einen positiven Zusammenhang. Weiden besitzen wahrscheinlich ein genügend großes Arteninventar auch bei artenarmer, herbizidbehandelter Ausprägung, so dass eine komplementäre Ressourcennutzung bereits ausgeschöpft wird. Im Gegensatz dazu enthielten die artenreicheren Futterproben tatsächlich mehr Rohprotein und weniger ADF, so dass von einer gesteigerten Futterqualität gesprochen werden kann. Diese Ergebnisse könnten jedoch auch durch ein erhöhtes Vorkommen von Leguminosen erklärt werden, da auf dem Versuch aufgrund des Designs eine hohe Korrelation von Artenreichtum mit Kräutern und Leguminosen besteht. Hinsichtlich der unterschiedlichen Weidetiere konnte kein signifikanter Effekt weder auf Primärproduktivität noch auf Futterqualität festgestellt werden. Über alle Jahre hinweg zeigte sich vor allem die Phytodiversität als förderlich für die Lebendmassezunahmen der Lämmer. Zudem konnte die Mischbeweidung zu einer gesteigerten Wachstumsintensität von Lämmern und Mutterkühen beitragen. Zusammenfassend kann Beweidung genutzt werden um die Narbenstruktur zu steuern, was vor allem durch eine Anpassung der Beweidungsintensität erreicht werden kann. Nachfolgend wird sich die Intensität auf die Biodiversität aus, die jedoch durch die Wahl des Weidetieres nur recht geringfügig beeinflusst wird. Auch wenn die Primärproduktivität nicht mit dem Artenreichtum verbunden war, so kann durch das Hinzukommen von Kräutern und Leguminosen doch eine Steigerung der Futterqualität erreicht werden, die sich auch in höheren Lebendmassezunahmen der Lämmer wiederspiegelt. Demnach kann durch ein geeignetes Graslandmanagement Einfluss auf die Biodiversität genommen werden, welche wiederum das Potential besitzt, die tierischen Leistungen zu steigern.
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Books on the topic "Grasshopper diversity"

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Carbonell, Carlos S. The grasshopper tribe Phaeopariini (Acridoidea: Romaleidae) (Publications on orthopteran diversity). Orthopterists' Society, Academy of Natural Sciences, Dept. of Entomology, 2002.

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Fraser, Ian, and Peter Marsack. Bush Capital Year. CSIRO Publishing, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643101654.

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The Australian Capital Territory is a treasure trove for naturalists, despite being without a coastline, without rainforest or without deserts. A wealth of biodiversity is found there, due to the close proximity of three major habitat types: the great western woodland grassy plains bump up against the inland edge of the coastal hinterland mountain forests, while the whole south-eastern Australian Alps system reaches its northern limit in the Brindabella Ranges. Each of these habitats has its own rich suite of plants and animals, so a great diversity of life can be found within an hour’s drive of Parliament House.&#x0D; A Bush Capital Year introduces the fauna, flora, habitats and reserves of the Australian Capital Territory and includes the most recent research available. It also emphasises often unappreciated or even unrecognised urban wildlife.&#x0D; For each month of the year there are 10 stories which discuss either a species or a group of species, such as mosses and mountain grasshoppers. While never anthropomorphic, many of the stories are written from the organism’s point of view, while others are from that of an observer. Beautiful paintings complement the text and allow better visualisation of the stories and the subjects. &#x0D; 2011 Whitley Award Commendation for Regional Natural History.
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Book chapters on the topic "Grasshopper diversity"

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Gapparov, F. A., and A. V. Latchininsky. "What are the Consequences of Ecosystem Disruption on Acridid Diversity and Abundance?" In Grasshoppers and Grassland Health. Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4337-0_3.

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Chalfoun, Anna D., Tracey N. Johnson, and Jill A. Shaffer. "Rangeland Songbirds." In Rangeland Wildlife Ecology and Conservation. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34037-6_12.

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AbstractSongbirds that occur across the diverse types of North American rangelands constitute many families within the Order Passeriformes, and hundreds of species. Most are declining, and many are considered potential indicator species for rangeland ecosystems. We synthesized information on the natural and life history, habitat requirements, conservation status, and responses to management of songbirds associated with North American grasslands and sagebrush steppe, two of the most geographically extensive types of rangelands. We provide a more targeted examination of the habitat associations and management considerations for two focal species, the grassland-obligate grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) and sagebrush-obligate Brewer’s sparrow (Spizella breweri). Grassland- and sagebrush-obligate species rely on expansive stands of grasslands and sagebrush, respectively, and we discuss how key ecological processes and rangeland management approaches—grazing, fire, and mechanical treatments—influence rangeland songbirds. Rangeland management practices can affect breeding songbirds considerably, primarily through the resultant structure and composition of vegetation, which influences the availability of preferred nesting substrates, refugia from predators, and foraging success. Optimal management strategies to limit negative consequences to rangeland songbirds will depend on the target species and local topoedaphic and climatic conditions. The maintenance of large, contiguous patches of native habitats and restoration of previously degraded areas will help facilitate the population persistence of rangeland-associated songbirds. Maintaining structural heterogeneity of habitats within landscapes, moreover, can facilitate local species diversity. Information pertaining to periods outside of the nesting stage is severely lacking for most species, which is concerning because effective management necessitates understanding of threats and limiting factors across the full annual life cycle. Moreover, information on disease effects and prevalence, the effects of a changing climate, and how both may interact with management strategies, also comprise key gaps in knowledge.
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Kaufman, Donald W., Philip A. Fay, Glennis A. Kaufman, and John L. Zimmerman. "Diversity of Terrestrial Macrofauna." In Grassland Dynamics. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195114867.003.0007.

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Abstract Thousands of vertebrate and invertebrate species occur in grassland and forest habitats on Konza Prairie. However, LTER population and community studies have focused only on selected groups of ecologically important species, including small mammals, large mammalian grazers (bison and cattle), insectivorous birds, and grasshoppers. We also have gathered general information on several less studied groups, such as large mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and several orders of insects. In this chapter, we present background information on the diversity of terrestrial vertebrates and invertebrates studied to date on Konza Prairie.
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Crist, Thomas O. "Insect Populations, Community Interactions, and Ecosystem Processes in the Shortgrass Steppe." In Ecology of the Shortgrass Steppe. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195135824.003.0014.

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Insects are diverse, abundant, and have numerous roles in rangeland ecosystems. More than 1600 species representing 238 families of insects have been recorded in the shortgrass steppe of northeastern Colorado (Kumar et al., 1976). Of this large assemblage, a much smaller subset—perhaps fewer than 50 species—is highly abundant with a large influence on community and ecosystem processes (Lauenroth and Milchunas, 1992). Even within abundant insect groups, such as grasshoppers, some species have far greater effects than others as herbivores (Capinera, 1987). In this chapter I consider a small number of insect groups that have various in) uences in shortgrass steppe ecosystems (Table 10.1). I focus on three insect taxa—grasshoppers, beetles, and ants—that are widespread, abundant, and ecologically important in semiarid environments. I also draw attention to neglected groups, such as termites and spiders, for their potentially important roles in the shortgrass steppe. My primary objective is to emphasize the linkages among insect populations, community interactions, and ecosystem function. From this approach stems several related issues: how population distributions affect community interactions, how population abundance affects the processing and redistribution of energy and nutrients in ecosystems, and how abundance and species diversity are important to the functional roles of species in ecosystems. I skirt issues of population regulation in insects, which are reviewed elsewhere (Cappuccino and Price, 1995), and instead consider how temporal and spatial patterns in insect populations relate to community and ecosystem processes. Understanding relationships among populations, communities, and ecosystems requires approaches that link patterns and processes across scales. Much of what is known about the roles of insects in the shortgrass steppe is based on studies conducted at relatively fine scales. To link insect population studies to community and ecosystem processes, however, I suggest that insect populations should also be studied across broader scales that encompass topographic variation. The rolling topography in the shortgrass steppe produces a gradient in soil texture, water availability, and nutrient retention from uplands to lowlands (Clark and Woodmansee, 1992; Schimel et al., 1985). Plant community structure also varies with topography in spatially repeating patterns across the landscape (Milchunas et al., 1989).
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Bracken-Grissom, Heather, and Joanna M. Wolfe. "The Pancrustacean Conundrum: A Conflicted Phylogeny with Emphasis on Crustacea." In Evolution and Biogeography. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190637842.003.0004.

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Pancrustacea represents a diverse clade of arthropods and includes the crustaceans and insects. The morphological and ecological diversity is among the most impressive of all invertebrates, with representatives including barnacles, shrimps, crabs, copepods, ostracods, brine shrimp, dragonflies, grasshoppers, true bugs, butterflies, and beetles, among others. For decades, morphological and molecular studies have attempted to reconstruct the evolutionary relationships between the major lineages, but a consensus on pancrustacean phylogeny is still under debate. Much of the uncertainty surrounding the evolutionary history of this ancient group stems from uneven and unrepresentative sampling, conflicting data, and different analytical approaches. First, we will introduce the major lineages of Pancrustacea and discuss the evidence for monophyly within these groups. Next, we will review the pioneering morphological and molecular studies that have contributed to current understanding of higher-level (class/subclass) relationships within Pancrustacea, with an emphasis on Crustacea. Within these sections, we will start with a series of early studies and describe how the development of methods and technology allowed for the advancement of morphological and molecular phylogenetics. A summary of current knowledge of pancrustacean phylogeny will be followed by a brief discussion of new emergent methods in the field that can be applied to future phylogenetic and phylogenomic studies.
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Wallace, Linda L., and M. I. Dyer. "Grassland Management: Ecosystem Maintenance and Grazing." In The Changing Prairie. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195074109.003.0010.

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Abstract Grasslands in North America evolved in the presence of a diverse consumer community. The Pleistocene megafauna of the central North American grasslands was a diverse group of herbivores with their associated predators. Following the post Pleistocene extinctions (the cause of which is still hotly debated), the herbivorous fauna of this region was tremendously reduced in diversity (Gould 1991). However, using scouting reports and accounts from early settlers, estimates have been made of the most numerous herbivorous species, Bison bison,prior to the development of European culture throughout North America. These estimates range from 20 to 60 million animals (Larson 1940). In addition to bison, there were large numbers of elk, deer, and antelope as well as small herbivores, ranging from gophers to geese to grasshoppers (Axelrod 1985). Thus even in the absence of the large Pleistocene fauna, the grasslands of central North America still supported large numbers of a diverse herbivore assemblage. The key word here is “diverse.”What is occurring on today’s grasslands in North America? Most of the native large-bodied herbivores are gone, and current management philosophies seek to minimize the presence of herbivores other than domestic livestock. Managers who are in charge of this new landscape now wish to maximize the production of only one herbivore species or, at most, two or three. In addition, because of economic pressures, management practices aim to maximize this production on a finite parcel of land, rather than dealing with large spaces previously utilized by native herbivores prior to European cultural expansion. Are such shifts in land-use patterns significant? We believe so and argue that managers need to understand ecosystem dynamics in grass lands in order to design rational land-use plans themselves. With this information, they can better understand how the herbivores they are producing influence grassland function and their own potential economic productivity on a long-term basis.
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Conference papers on the topic "Grasshopper diversity"

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Leksono, Amin Setyo, Bagyo Yanuwiadi, Zulfaidah Penata Gama, et al. "Preliminary inventory of grasshopper diversity in several sites in Central and East Java." In THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NATURAL SCIENCES, MATHEMATICS, APPLICATIONS, RESEARCH, AND TECHNOLOGY (ICON-SMART2022): Mathematical Physics and Biotechnology for Education, Energy Efficiency, and Marine Industries. AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0211824.

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van Asch, Barbara, Megan Hendrickse, and Bronwyn Egan. "First Insights on the Diversity of Edible Grasshoppers in South Africa by DNA Barcoding of Ethnospecies." In The 1st International Electronic Conference on Entomology. MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iece-10371.

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Reports on the topic "Grasshopper diversity"

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Peitz, David, and Tani Hubbard. Bird monitoring at Pipestone National Monument, Minnesota: Status report 2009?2022. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2303740.

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In 2009, the Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network initiated bird surveys on Pipestone National Monument to monitor changes in bird community composition and abundance and improve our understanding of relationships between breeding birds and their habitat and the effects of management actions on those relationships. This information helps park staff plan management objectives and assess the effectiveness of management alternatives. We evaluated park breeding bird trends in the context of trends observed within the North American Bird Conservation Initiative?s Prairie Potholes Bird Conservation Region where the park is located. This allows us to assess the influence of park habitat management on bird populations with an understanding of regional population trends that are outside the influence of natural resource management activities at the park. In 14 years (2009?2022) of monitoring, 109 bird species were recorded on the park. Ninety-two of the species are considered breeding species (permanent or summer residents). Seven of these are species of concern for the Prairie Potholes Bird Conservation Region. Fifteen species were observed in sufficient numbers to calculate annual abundances and trends with some degree of statistical confidence. The Bobolink, American Robin, and Red-winged Blackbird were the most abundant and widespread species on the park. Comparisons of regional trends (2009?2019; Sauer et al. 2020) with park trends were inconclusive. Trends in 14 of the 15 abundant species on the park were uncertain. Common Yellowthroat was moderately increasing on the park. Regionally, American Robin, Dickcissel, and Yellow Warbler were increasing; the Bobolink, Clay-colored Sparrow, Eastern Kingbird, Grasshopper Sparrow, and Ring-necked Pheasant were declining; and the remaining seven species had uncertain population trends. Diversity, richness, and evenness in distribution of individuals across species in the breeding bird community on the park were unchanged over the 14 years. When sampled, habitats on the plots at Pipestone National Monument consisted primarily of the old field/prairie vegetation type, with lesser amounts of other types present. Canopy cover of hardwood trees averaged 5 to 7% on plots, basal area averaged 1 to 2 m2/ha, and canopy height averaged between 1 and 3 m. Tree species from 10 different families contrib?uted to the canopy cover and basal area of plots. Plots sampled were primarily unvegetated at ground level, with grass litter common, and rock and bare soil exposed. Total foliar cover at ground level on plots consisted primarily of cool season grasses and forbs.
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