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Journal articles on the topic 'Grassland flora'
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1
Ronkin, Vladimir, and Galina Savchenko. "Flora and vegetation of dry grasslands of Northeastern Ukraine, and problems of diversity conservation." Hacquetia 15, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hacq-2016-0013.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to describe the flora and vegetation of the grasslands of Northeastern Ukraine and to analyse how the steppe vegetation responds to grazing or its abandonment. We studied two gully systems in the east of the Kharkiv Region: the Regional Landscape Park “The Velykyi Burluk-Steppe” (steppe grasslands on chernozem soils; 10 sites) and the National Nature Park “Dvorichanskyi” (steppe grasslands on chalky outcrops; 5 sites). Long-term monitoring data exist for both these sites starting in 1991, shortly after grazing intensity reduced. We recorded the major grassland plant communities (reflecting their successional status) as well as their dominant species. Tree and scrub encroachment increased after management ceased. We conclude that (i) heterogeneous grazing (including ungrazed patches) in space and time is necessary in order to preserve grassland biodiversity in our study system; (ii) erosion of chalky outcrops (natural erosion as well as driven by cattle grazing) is a key factor promoting the richness of cretaceous species in steppe grassland.
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Woch, Marcin, and Magdalena Hawryluk. "Flora of xerothermic sites of the Zachodniowołyńska Dolina Bugu Special area of conservation (Eastern Poland): The influence of habitat on rare grassland species." Archives of Biological Sciences 66, no. 1 (2014): 209–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1401209w.
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The aim of the investigation was to study the flora of grasslands within the Zachodniowo?y?ska Dolina Bugu Special Area of Conservation and to identify the types of habitats with the highest concentration of grassland species. In the years 2011-2012, floristic analyses covered the slopes of the valley of the Bug river, balks and places of shallow bedrock deposition, roadsides, as well as railway and earthwork sites. One hundred and fifty eight plant species belonging to 37 families were found. Though considered extinct in Polish flora, Dianthus collinus subsp. glabriusculus was discovered. Close to half of the recorded species (47%) were grassland taxa and 15% rare and/or protected plants, which make the studied area particularly valuable for the conservation of biodiversity. The fewest grassland plants occurred on habitats that are under the influence of agriculture, where the dominance of nitrophilous and herbicide resistant plant species was observed.
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Butler, Don William, Russell James Fairfax, and Roderick John Fensham. "Impacts of tree invasion on floristic composition of subtropical grasslands on the Bunya Mountains, Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 54, no. 3 (2006): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt05070.
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The effect of ongoing forest invasion on floristic composition of subtropical montane grasslands was considered by examining vascular plant species frequencies across 13 adjoining areas of grassland, invaded grassland (eucalypt forest <50 years old) and eucalypt forest (>50 years old) on the Bunya Mountains in subtropical eastern Australia. Tree invasion of grasslands over the last 50 years has had substantial facilitative or antagonistic net impacts on populations of many plant species. Increases in species frequency, indicating net facilitation, generally appear to occur earlier in forest development than do decreases in frequency, indicative of net antagonism. Although more than 20% of the flora showed substantial association with either grassland or forest, the dominant ground-stratum species in each habitat were quite similar and very few grassland species were not recorded in grassy forests. Forb species composition appears to change more rapidly after tree invasion than grass species composition. Relatively few forbs preferred forest to grassland, whereas shrubs, trees or lianes were substantially more frequent in forests. Replacement of grasslands by grassy forests would reduce landscape diversity and impact on other values in the Bunya Mountains. However, this study suggests that most, if not all, vascular plants that currently occur on the grasslands will persist in the area provided the grassy character of the eucalypt forests is maintained.
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Dengler, Jürgen, Alla Aleksanyan, Didem Ambarlı, Idoia Biurrun, Iwona Dembicz, Anna Kuzemko, Péter Török, and Stephen Venn. "The Eurasian Dry Grassland Group (EDGG) in 2019–2020." Hacquetia 20, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hacq-2021-0007.
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Abstract This report summarizes the activities and achievements of the Eurasian Dry Grassland Group (EDGG) from July 2019 to December 2020. During this period, Covid-19 allowed only one live event, the 14th EDGG Field Workshop to the alpine vegetation of Switzerland, organised ad hoc as a replacement for the cancelled Field Workshop in the Ukrainian steppes. The cancelled Eurasian Grassland Conference in Spain found a partial replacement in “Talk Grasslands!”, a series of online talks during winter 2020/2021. EDGG’s own diamond open access periodical, Palaearctic Grasslands, is a novel combination of scientific journal, photo magazine and member newsletter. With five issues during the reporting time it contributed much to EDGG’s attractiveness. EDGG edited four Special Features in international journals (Tuexenia, Hacquetia, Flora) and contributed 13 chapters on grasslands and shrublands of the Palaearctic biogeographic realm to the Encyclopedia of the world’s biomes. EDGG’s vegetation-plot database GrassPlot with multi-scale and multi-taxon diversity data of grasslands and other open habitats of the Palaearctic is now integrated into the EDGG website with the GrassPlot Diversity Explorer.
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Suhadi, Suhadi. "SEBARAN TUMBUHAN BAWAH PADA TUMBUHAN Acacia nilotica (L) Willd. ex Del. DI SAVANA BEKOL TAMAN NASIONAL BALURAN." Berkala Penelitian Hayati 14, no. 2 (June 30, 2009): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.23869/bphjbr.14.2.20093.
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Bekol savannah is places of reproduction for banteng (Bos javanicus d` Alton), water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis L), large deer (Cervus timorensis) and green peafowl (Pavo mutiacus) and for conservation of species, habitat and genetic. In sector recreation and tourism, Bekol Savannah is object for eco-tourism, that is very attractive for local tourist or foreign and to see biodiversity of flora and fauna. Set of problems are wildlife population very low result presence Acacia nilotica (L) Willd. ex Del in savannah. This plant competitive with wildlife feeding grasslands result to descent plant diversity and biomass. The conclusion of the grassland dispersal at plant of A. nilotica (L) Willd. ex Del. in Bekol savannah Baluran National Park are: (1) The grassland dispersal at plant of A. nilotica (L) Willd. ex. Del.plot 1×1 m2 have 24 species`s with importance value of wildlife feeding grasslands = 40.49%, (2). The grassland dispersal at plant of A. nilotica (L) Willd. ex Del.plot 1x1 m2 (distance of plots 1 m from center point of stem) have 27 species`s with importance value of wildlife feeding = 29.30% and (3). Productivity wildlife feeding grasslands only of to fill 8.93% from wildlife in savannah if be found plant of A. nilotica (L) Willd. ex Del.
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Kellerman, M. J. S., and M. W. Van Rooyen. "Seasonal variation in soil seed bank size and species composition of selected habitat types in Maputaland, South Africa." Bothalia 37, no. 2 (August 18, 2007): 249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v37i2.323.
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Seasonal variation in seed bank size and species composition of five selected habitat types within the Tembe Elephant Park. South Africa, was investigated. At three-month intervals, soil samples were randomly collected from five different habitat types: a, Licuati forest; b, Licuati thicket; c, a bare or sparsely vegetated zone surrounding the forest edge, referred to as the forest/grassland ecotone; d, grassland; and e, open woodland. Most species in the seed bank flora were either grasses, sedges, or forbs, with hardly any evidence of woody species. The Licuati forest and thicket soils produced the lowest seed densities in all seasons. Licuati forest and grassland seed banks showed a two-fold seasonal variation in size, those of the Licuati thicket and woodland a three-fold variation in size, whereas the forest/grassland ecotone maintained a relatively large seed bank all year round. The woodland seed bank had the highest species richness, whereas the Licuati forest and thicket soils were poor in species. Generally, it was found that the greatest correspondence in species composition was between the Licuati forest and thicket, as well as the forest/grassland ecotone and grassland seed bank floras.
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Gilfedder, Louise. "Grassland Flora: a field guide for the Southern Tablelands (NSW and ACT)." Pacific Conservation Biology 5, no. 3 (1999): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc990240.
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There has been a recent flurry of field guides to grassy ecosystems in southeastern Australia, and all the publications have been excellent. This attractive field guide is no exception. It is a spiral-bound A-sized booklet, ideal for the glovebox or the backpack. It is easy to use for both the novice and expert, with colour coding separating sections on grasses, rushes and sedges, lilies, orchids, forbs, ferns, shrubs and trees. Within each life form section entries are alphabetical for grasses and sedges, but generally species are grouped together based on the colour of their flowers. And an excellent addition is the inclusion of weeds ? many interested users will be very pleased to sort out which species are native or not ? often a challenge in grasslands! The text is informative and uses non-technical language. It is most helpful to have notes on similar species and how to tell the difference. Large colour symbols clearly indicate if a species is annual, exotic, noxious or threatened. Brief management notes are also very practical and informative. A short glossary and explanation of terms also makes this a useful guide, especially for beginners. A brief but adequate introduction outlines the conservation plight of native grasslands, and gives information on threatened plant species and plant communities, grassland animals and management of grassy ecosystems. This is an excellent publication, very comprehensive, great value and useable throughout southeastern Australia. Every time I have had my copy in the field a landowner has grabbed it, and then several of their mates ring up for a copy too.
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Moxham, Claire, Josh Dorrough, Mick Bramwell, and Brad J. Farmilo. "Fire exclusion and soil texture interact to influence temperate grassland flora in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 64, no. 5 (2016): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt16056.
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Fire has a major influence on the structure and composition of temperate grasslands and woodlands. We investigated whether the impacts of fire exclusion on a temperate grassland plant community varied according to the scale of investigation and soil texture. Ten sites with known fire histories were selected along a soil texture gradient in south-eastern Australia. Floristics and ground layer attributes were investigated at small (0.25 m2) and large (100 m2) spatial scales in regularly burnt and unburnt grasslands. Fire exclusion over a 10 year period led to declines in native species diversity, richness and cover at both spatial scales and in most cases effects were consistent regardless of soil texture. However, the richness of native plant species at small scales and the cover of native plants at large scales were most negatively influenced by fire exclusion on fine textured soils. Conversely, at large scales, exotic plant richness and cover were only weakly increased by fire exclusion. Responses of eight common species were modelled and in seven of these, fire exclusion was a strong predictor of occurrence, although both positive and negative responses were observed. These results reiterate the importance of frequent fire as a management tool in temperate grasslands, but also shed light on how sites may require specific fire management regimes depending on the underlying soil texture.
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Wezel, Alexander, Sibylle Stöckli, Erich Tasser, Heike Nitsch, and Audrey Vincent. "Good Pastures, Good Meadows: Mountain Farmers’ Assessment, Perceptions on Ecosystem Services, and Proposals for Biodiversity Management." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (May 18, 2021): 5609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105609.
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An ongoing decrease in habitat and species diversity is occurring in many areas across Europe, including in grasslands in mountain areas, calling for adapted biodiversity management and measures. In this context, we carried out 79 interviews with grassland farmers in five alpine mountain regions in Germany, France, Austria, Italy, and Switzerland. We analyzed farmers’ perceptions about the functions and services of their grasslands, how they qualify “good” grasslands, which grassland management practices have changed over the last 10 years, and proposals to increase species diversity on the farm. They related them primarily to cultural ecosystem services, secondly to provisioning services, and thirdly to regulating and supporting services. Good pastures or meadows were mostly related to composition, quality of forage and productivity, structural criteria, and certain characteristics of soils and topography. The measures for increasing biodiversity that were most frequently proposed were upgrading of forest edges, planting hedges or fruit trees, less or late grassland cutting, reduction or omission of fertilization, and more general extensification of farm productions. Factors hindering the implementation of these measures were mainly increased workload, insufficient time, and a lack of financial means or support to cover additional costs for biodiversity management. These factors have to be taken specifically into account for future policies for enhanced biodiversity management of grasslands, also beyond mountainous areas. Overall, we found that farmers have good but varying knowledge about biodiversity management of their grasslands, but also different perspectives on how to improve it. Here, local initiatives that bring together farmers and flora or fauna specialists to exchange knowledge could be designed and used in participatory pilot schemes to enhance the implementation of improved biodiversity management.
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Pfeiffer, Tanja Žuna, Dubravka Špoljarić Maronić, Vanda Zahirović, Filip Stević, Milorad Zjalić, Katarina Kajan, Siniša Ozimec, and Melita Mihaljević. "Early Spring Flora of the Sub-Pannonic Steppic Grassland (NATURA 2000 Site) in Bilje, Northeast Croatia." Acta Botanica Croatica 75, no. 2 (October 1, 2016): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/botcro-2016-0029.
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Abstract The diversity of early spring vascular flora was studied in the Sub-Pannonic steppic grassland in the village of Bilje, north eastern Croatia. In all, 109 plant taxa within 35 families were found. The highest number of taxa belongs to the families Poaceae, Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Caryophyllaceae, Lamiaceae and Rosaceae. Specific habitat conditions, characterized by moderately wet and moderately acidic soil with intermediate fertility and the effects of the continental climate favour the development of different plant life forms. Out of the total recorded plant taxa, hemicryptophytes make up 59.6%, followed by therophytes (22.0%) and geophytes (13.8%). Chorological analysis shows that the most numerous are plants of Eurasian (33.9%), Pontic-Central-Asian (21.1%) and Central European (21.1%) floral elements. According to their status in the Red List, three critically endangered (CR), one vulnerable (VU) and three nearly threatened (NT) plant species were found. Altogether, the steppe-like grassland in Bilje is a unique habitat rich in valuable plants of the Croatian flora, including the critically endangered Doronicum hungaricum, therefore it is of great importance to preserve it. Important management tools include mowing and controlling the spreading of cultivated and invasive plant species.
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Keay, Susan M., and Averil E. Brown. "Colonization by Psilocybe semilanceata of roots of grassland flora." Mycological Research 94, no. 1 (January 1990): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0953-7562(09)81263-x.
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Gilbert, Oliver L. "The Lichens of Chalk Grassland." Lichenologist 25, no. 4 (October 1993): 379–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/lich.1993.1004.
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AbstractFollowing a nationwide survey, the lichen vegetation associated with chalk grassland in England is described. The flora can be divided into species associated with flints (78 spp.), those found on chalk pebbles (65) and those occurring on the ground (72). Factors governing the distribution of the species were investigated. An important determinant of the flint assemblage is the degree of surface leaching, which is linked to stability; large flints embedded in turf are particularly rich. Chalkpebble lichens reach their maximum development at sites where faulting or other influences have hardened the substratum. Terricolous species have rather specialized requirements, being favoured by stresses associated with nutrient depletion, past disturbance, soil compaction, drought, rabbits, trampling by shoes (rather than hooves), and the presence of a small loess fraction in the soil. On both a national and a local scale, climate has been demonstrated to affect the distribution of certain species. Guidelines on the assessment of localities for conservation are provided and used to identify elite sites. A recent decline in the extent and species diversity of terricolous communities is giving cause for concern. Management requirements for conservation are discussed. They include recognizing the importance of intermittent disturbance; most of the richest sites are less than a hundred years old. The lichen flora has affinities with that present in urban areas. The survey provides an example of the importance of historical factors in determining the ecology of lichen communities in the cultural landscape.
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Novák, Pavel, and Dominik Zukal. "Galium divaricatum Pourr. ex Lam. (Rubiaceae) – a new species for the flora of Ukraine." Acta Botanica Croatica 77, no. 2 (October 1, 2018): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/botcro-2018-0008.
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Abstract Galium divaricatum Pourr. ex Lam. is an annual plant species occurring mainly in dry grasslands. The centre of its distribution range is situated in the Mediterranean region, while in Central Europe it has been known only from a few isolated sites in Slovakia and Hungary. In 2016 we discovered this species in open dry grassland of the class Sedo-Scleranthetea on the upper edge of a basaltic andesite quarry near the village of Siltse, Irshavskyi District, Zakarpatska Region, as a new species for the Ukrainian flora. The site is situated in the transitional region between the Pannonian Basin and the Eastern Carpathians. The new locality represents the northernmost recent occurrence of this species.
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Hermans, C., and P. Vereijken. "Integration of animal husbandry and nature conservation on grassland farms." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 40, no. 3 (September 1, 1992): 301–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v40i3.16515.
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A farming model for peat grassland has been designed as an instrument in physical planning, integrating nature conservation and animal husbandry by combining the conditions for existence of both. It includes a subdivision of the farm in production grassland and nature grassland, such as marsh marigold hayfield and blue grassland. Each type of grassland has a suitable combination of groundwater level, P- and N-controlled animal and plant production, and a regime of mowing and grazing depending on its function for flora, fauna and animal husbandry. Sixteen variants, differing in type of activity (dairy, suckler, sheep and cross-bred husbandry) and type of grassland, all single or in combination, are quantified. The initial results of modelling show that the integrated model offers various perspectives for physical planning aimed at integration of agriculture, nature and outdoor recreation. It concerns areas where production grassland has to be converted completely into nature grassland as part of the National Ecological Network, as well as areas where production grassland is partly to be maintained to serve dairy husbandry. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
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Siebert, S. J., F. Siebert, and M. J. Du Toit. "The extended occurrence of Maputaland Woody Grassland further south in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Bothalia 41, no. 2 (December 17, 2011): 341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v41i2.77.
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The distinctiveness of Maputaland Woody Grassland lies within its richness of geoxylic suffrutices and herbaceous flora. Since it is well documented in the literature and easy to distinguish from other grassland types, it was possible to confirm a locality of this unique vegetation unit west of Richards Bay, where it probably forms the southernmost outlier population of this vegetation unit in the Indian Ocean Coastal Belt Biome. Phytosociological data obtained from the study area were analysed to identify plant communities and subsequent mapping units. Floristic gradients obtained through ordination techniques revealed the relationship that exists between the Woody Grassland of the study area and the Maputaland Woody Grassland of Sileza Nature Reserve. This confirms the occurrence of Maputaland Woody Grassland at Richards Bay. Two of the plant communities identified from the Richards Bay site are distinctively different, despite previously being lumped together by different authorities as either Kwambonambi Grassland or Maputaland Woody Grassland.
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Andersson, Torsten N., and Per Milberg. "Weed flora and the relative importance of site, crop, crop rotation, and nitrogen." Weed Science 46, no. 1 (February 1998): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500090135.
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Weed species composition and density were recorded in three identical field experiments established 26 to 30 yr ago in southern Sweden. Each experiment compared three 6-yr crop rotations and four rates of nitrogen application. The rotations differed by having (1) a 2-yr rotational grassland, (2) a 2-yr mixed rotational grassland (legume/grass), or (3) spring wheat followed by fallow. Other crops in the rotations were winter turnip rape, winter wheat, spring oats, and spring barley. Using multivariate analyses, the relative importance of site, crop, crop rotation, and nitrogen application rate on the weed flora was determined. The greatest difference was found between sites, and the second most important factor was crop species. Nitrogen application rate weakly influenced the weed flora, while differences between crop rotations were hardly detectable.
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Haretche, Federico, Patricia Mai, and Alejandro Brazeiro. "Woody flora of Uruguay: inventory and implication within the Pampean region." Acta Botanica Brasilica 26, no. 3 (September 2012): 537–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-33062012000300004.
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Adequate knowledge of a flora is fundamental for furthering research in several disciplines. In this context, our work arises from the necessity to update and improve available information on the native woody flora of Uruguay. The goals of this study were to objectively determine the Uruguayan native woody flora (shrub and trees), to evaluate its inventory completeness, and to explore its similarity with neighboring regions. By analyzing the Uruguayan flora we produced working definitions of shrubs and trees, and obtained a list of 313 species (57 families, 125 genera). Using 7418 distribution records, we generated cumulative species richness curves to estimate maximum species richness at national and local scales. We conclude that the completeness at the national level is high (89-95%), but at the local scale is lower and quite heterogeneous. There are still large areas without data or with little information. We found that comparatively, the similarity between Uruguayan tree species and the Province of Entre Ríos (Argentina) was high, while similarity with the Province of Buenos Aires (Argentina) was medium, and with Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) was low. In conclusion, richness of tree and shrub species of the Uruguayan flora is greater than expected for a grassland region, and the differences found in the similarity index with the neighboring woody floras will stimulate future studies to reevaluate phytogeographic schemes of the region.
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Pons, Thijs L. "Dormancy, Germination and Mortality of Seeds in a Chalk-Grassland Flora." Journal of Ecology 79, no. 3 (September 1991): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2260666.
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Davies, D. R., and R. J. Merry. "Effect of slurry application on the microflora of grass and silage." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1994 (March 1994): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600026611.
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The spreading of slurry and other livestock wastes onto grassland is used as a means of recycling nutrients. Often these areas of grassland are subsequently used for silage production and there has been concern that the timing of slurry application may influence the outcome of the silage fermentation (O'Kiely et al. 1993). The application of slurry alters the microbial flora of the herbage and some of those added bacteria are associated with poor silage fermentations (Ostling and Lindgren, 1991).The objective of the experiment was to examine the effect of the timing of a high level of slurry application to grassland on survival of enterobacteria, lactic acid bacteria and Clostridia on the herbage, and subsequent effects on it's fermentation during ensilage.
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Van Wyk, B.-E., P. A. Novellie, and C. M. Van Wyk. "Flora of the Zuurberg National Park. 1. Characterization of major vegetation units." Bothalia 18, no. 2 (October 23, 1988): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v18i2.1048.
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The distribution of major vegetation units or veld types in the Zuurberg National Park, situated on the eastern limits of the Fynbos Biome, is presented. Structural and floristic criteria are used to describe and map five basic units, namely Afromontane Forest, Subtropical Thicket, Mountain Fynbos, Grassy Fynbos and Grassland.
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Mirek, Zbigniew, Agnieszka Nikel, and Łukasz Wilk. "Coronilla vaginalis – a species new for the flora of Poland." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 84, no. 1 (2015): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2015.009.
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<em>Coronilla vaginalis</em> Lam., a Central European montane species, is reported for the first time from Poland, from the Tatra Mountains. A general map of the taxon’s distribution is given, and the location of the newly recorded stand is shown on a map of Poland and the Tatra National Park. Its habitat, calcareous grassland of the order <em>Seslerietalia</em>, is characterized in detail.
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MUNHOZ, C. B. R., and J. M. FELFILI. "FLORISTICS OF THE HERBACEOUS AND SUBSHRUB LAYER OF A MOIST GRASSLAND IN THE CERRADO BIOSPHERE RESERVE (ALTO PARAÍSO DE GOIÁS), BRAZIL." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 63, no. 2-3 (July 2006): 343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428606000539.
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The floristic composition of campo limpo úmido, a moist savanna grassland vegetation of the cerrado biome, is still little described, even though its herbs and subshrubs form a major component of the cerrado vegetation. The objective of this study was to characterize the floristic richness of the herbaceous and subshrub layer of a moist grassland at the Água Fria Farm, Alto Paraíso, Goiás State (14°04′8.83″S, 47°30′33.1″W). The principal use of such grasslands is to graze cattle; in addition, local people collect vast numbers of selected species of wild plants to sell for the decorative dried plant trade, or for their medicinal qualities. Little is known, however, about the sustainability of this extractivism. A survey of a 21 ha area, with intensive quarterly collections of herbarium specimens, was made from April 2000 to March 2001. Despite the small size of the study site it proved to be very rich floristically. A total of 207 species in 90 genera and 33 families was registered in the area. Thirty-one species not yet recorded in the checklist of the flora of the cerrado biome were found in this study, plus three that seem to be new to science. The richest families were Cyperaceae (30 species), Poaceae (28), Xyridaceae (23), Eriocaulaceae (20), Asteraceae (18), and Orchidaceae and Melastomataceae with 10 species each. These results suggest the need for more research on the moist grassland to provide overall estimates for the plant species richness of this widespread vegetation type and as a basis to help guide conservation and management policies.
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Han, Gyuil, Eunju Cheong, Wangeun Park, and Sechang Kim. "Impact of the Disturbances for Forest Grazing on Flora Composition in a Natural Forest." Forests 12, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12070872.
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Daegwallyeong is a mountain pass at an altitude of 832 m, which has been designated a conservation area because of its essential role in Korea’s forest ecosystem. Simultaneously, this area is considered a suitable place for forest grazing due to the cool temperature during the summer. Some areas have been converted to grassland for livestock feeding, and the scale has continued increasing. Although livestock in a forest area is more ecofriendly than industrialized facilities, it could impact the native ecosystem, especially in terms of the flora and vegetation. We investigated the changes in flora and vegetation of Daegwallyeong before and after the grassland formation. The total number of vascular plant species changed throughout the survey period. It was decreased by thinning and forest floor removal in 2015. However, it bounced back to the original number in 2016, even after grazing. However, there was a dramatic decrease after the second forest floor removal and 3 months of grazing in 2017. The number of flora slightly increased after the fallow of grazing in 2019, but it did not fully recover. Although the number of flora seemed back to normal, the composition of the flora in 2019 was significantly changed from the forest without disturbance in 2014. First, there was the invasion of naturalized plants such as Taraxacum officinale and Barbarea vularis, as well as ecosystem-disturbing flora such as Carex callitrichos var. nana and Rumex acetosa. Second, the coverage of those species expanded after thinning and grazing. Most importantly, we lost five valuable rare species, Anemone koraiensis, Viola diamantiaca, Chionanthus retusus, Scopolia japonica, and Streptopus ovalis, from the area. Additionally, the ground condition of the area was severely damaged, and plants no longer grow in some areas. The survey and analysis of plants in this study showed the adverse effects of forest grazing practices on rare plants in Daegwallyeong. Forest grazing practices should be carefully conducted to preserve vulnerable plant species and a healthy ecosystem.
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Mcdonald, D. J., and M. Morley. "A checklist of the flowering plants and ferns of Swartboschkloof, Jonkershoek, Cape Province." Bothalia 18, no. 2 (October 23, 1988): 261–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v18i2.1049.
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A list of Dowering plants and ferns of Swartboschkloof is presented. This list represents a combination of species recorded in Van der Merwe (1966), Werger, Kruger Taylor (1972), McDonald (1983, 1985) and specimens collected from Swartboschkloof housed in the Government Herbarium, Stellenbosch (STE) and the Wicht Herbarium, Jonkershoek (JI ). The checklist is analysed and the flora of Swartboschkloof compared with the respective floras of Cape Hangklip and Cape Point (sensu Taylor 1985).distribution of major vegetation units or veld types in the Zuurberg National Park, situated on the eastern limits of the Fynbos Biome, is presented. Structural and floristic criteria are used to describe and map five basic units, namely Afromontane Forest, Subtropical Thicket, Mountain Fynbos, Grassy Fynbos and Grassland.
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Lunt, Ian D., and John W. Morgan. "Vegetation Changes after 10 Years of Grazing Exclusion and Intermittent Burning in a Themeda triandra (Poaceae) Grassland Reserve in South-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 47, no. 4 (1999): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt98011.
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Changes in the vegetation composition of a remnant Themeda triandra Forsskal grassland in south-eastern Australia were documented following the replacement of stock grazing with intermittent burning at 3–11-year intervals. The vegetation was initially sampled in 1986, 1 year after stock were removed, and then 10 years later in 1996. Most frequently encountered grassland species were abundant in both surveys, although there was little correspondence between species richness at the quadrat scale in 1986 and 1996. Total floristic richness increased slightly over the 10-year period, owing to the proliferation of tall forbs with wind-blown seeds, including exotic thistles and colonising native forbs. Unfortunately, most native ‘increasers’ were ‘weedy’ species which are not typical or common components of species-rich temperate grassland remnants in southern Victoria. Thus, replacing grazing with intermittent burning has not resulted in the flora becoming more similar to that of high-quality, species-rich grassland remnants, but instead, has promoted a group of ruderal colonisers. The ability to identify factors contributing to particular botanical changes was hampered by the design of the management regimes implemented over the past decade. Suggestions are provided to overcome these difficulties, incorporating principles from adaptive management.
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Kaneko, Korehisa, Keita Mimura, Makoto Amano, and Masami Hasegawa. "Flora of grassland with different of management practices in Shiroi-city, Chiba Prefecture." Landscape Ecology and Management 14, no. 2 (2009): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5738/jale.14.163.
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Jhariya, Manoj Kumar, and Abhishek Raj. "Effects of wildfires on flora, fauna and physico-chemical properties of soil-An overview." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 887–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v6i2.550.
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Fire is one of the most destructive threats faced by our forests. Fire is good servant but a bad master. The fire season starts in March/April continues up to June. Wildfires destroy not only flora (tree, herbs, grassland, forbs, etc.) and their diversity but also considerable long term negative impact on fauna including wild endangered species. Repeated fires can convert some shrub-lands to grass and fire exclusion converts some grassland to shrub-land and forest. Fires affect animals mainly through effects on their habitat. The extent of fire effects on animal communities generally depends on the extent of change in habitat structure and species composition caused by fire. Fire can also influence a physico-chemical property of soil including texture, color, bulk density, pH, porosity, organic matter, nutrient availability and soil biota. Drought, disease, insect infestation, overgrazing or a combination of these factors mayincrease the impact of fire on an individual plant species or communities. Common effects include plant mortality, increase flowering, seed production and numerous communal affects. Fire affected area showed reduction in species diversity both in flora and fauna. In a social context, fire directly affects people, property and infrastructure, thereby directly affecting the health and livelihood of individuals and communities.
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Filibeck, Goffredo, Paolo Cornelini, and Paolo Petrella. "Floristic analysis of a high-speed railway embankment in a Mediterranean landscape." Acta Botanica Croatica 71, no. 2 (October 1, 2012): 229–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10184-011-0064-3.
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Abstract - We analyzed the floristic composition of a 4.5 km-long segment of a high- -speed railway in Lazio, central Italy, which travels on an artificial embankment through an intensively-farmed landscape. In total, 287 vascular plant species were recorded. The life-form distribution was found to be similar to that of the regional species pool, with high percentages of therophytes (38%) and phanerophytes (13%). In the chorological spectrum the Mediterranean floristic element prevailed (44%), while alien species were 8% of the flora. The phytosociological spectrum showed a high diversity of characteristic species from the class Stellarietea mediae or its subordinate syntaxa (26%), and in particular from the order Thero-Brometalia (Mediterranean, sub-nitrophilous annual communities). Species from forest syntaxa had a relatively high diversity (9%). These results suggest that the ecological filtering provided by the Mediterranean regional climate controlled species assemblage even in a completely artificial habitat, preventing floristic homogenization: the flora of the studied railway section is only partially »ruderalized«, while it keeps strong links with the regional (semi-) natural plant communities. However, in contrast to what is observed in central and north Europe, the railway sides studied in the present paper do not seem to represent a refugial habitat for rare species from grassland communities, mainly because in Italy semi-natural dry grasslands are still widely represented.
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Ziemińska-Smyk, Marta, Teresa Grażyna Wyłupek, and Barbara Skwaryło-Bednarz. "Flora in abandoned fields and adjacent crop fields on rendzina soils in the Zamość region." Acta Agrobotanica 68, no. 3 (2015): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2015.022.
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A floristic inventory of segetal flora was carried out in abandoned fields and adjacent crop fields on rendzina soils in the Zamość region in the year 2010. This study found a total of 130 weed species belonging to 30 botanical families. The following families were represented most frequently: Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae, Lamiaceae, Scrophulariaceae, and Brassicaceae. In the segetal flora, apophytes are dominant (55% of the total flora), with the highest number of meadow and xerothermic grassland species among them. Archeophytes (38%) predominate in the group of anthropophytes. The species characterized by the highest constancy classes and reaching the highest cover indices posed the greatest threat to crops in the study area. The following weeds are most frequently found in fallow fields: <em>Consolida regalis</em>, <em>Cichorium intybus</em>, and <em>Sinapis arvensis</em>, while <em>Papaver rhoeas</em> is the greatest threat to cereal crops grown on rendzina soils.
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Cloete, E. C., and R. A. Lubke. "Flora of the Kap River Reserve, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Bothalia 29, no. 1 (September 30, 1999): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v29i1.585.
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A detailed analysis ot the flora of the newly proclaimed Kap River Reserve (600 ha) is given. The reserve is adjacent to the Fish River and some 5 km from the Fish River Mouth It consists of a coastal plateau up to 100 m a.s.I. which is steeply dissected by the two rivers that partially form the boundary of the reserve. The flora of the reserve was sampled over a period o f three years and plants were collected in all the vegetation types of grassland, thicket and forest. 488 species were collected with a species to family ratio of 4:4. The majority of the taxa recorded represent the major phytochoria of the region. Nineteen species are endemic to the Eastern Cape, two are classed as vulnerable, five are rare, six are protected and a further seventeen are of uncertain status. The flora of the Kap River has closest affinities to that of the Alexandria Forest.
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Flores Palacios, Alejandro, Juan E. Martínez Gómez, and Robert L. Curry. "La vegetación de Isla Socorro, Archipiélago de Revillagigedo, México." Botanical Sciences 84 (May 20, 2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.2288.
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Based on physiognomic criteria and a cluster analysis based on 90 plots (14 in prairie and grassland, 35 in shrubs, 38 in forest and 3 in secondary vegetation) we classified the vegetation of Socorro Island. In addition to coastal halophytes, we found evidence supporting eight primary vegetation types: <em>Conocarpus </em> shrubby vegetation, grassland, prairie, <em>Croton masonii </em> shrubby vegetation, <em>Pteridium-Dodonaea </em> shrub, tropical dry forest, tropical rain forest and lower montane cloud forest. Prairie and grassland associations are clearly associated with altitude. Depending on the dominant tree species, three different units could be identified within the tropical rain forest of the island. Our analysis resolved differences with previous classifications of the vegetation on Socorro Island and indicated that some shrubby vegetation, sometimes considered as a different vegetation type, represented instead early succession stages of the lower montane cloud forest. The classifi cation presented constitutes a tool to aid future studies of the flora and fauna of this insular region.
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Novák, Ján, P. Obtulovič, and J. Nemeš. "Secondary succession of spontaneous flora after deforestation and self–reforestation." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 58, no. 5 (2010): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201058050299.
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The experimental plots are located on a farm in a mountainous area at an altitude of 845 m above the sea level with the soil type cambisol. After leaving pasture grassland in about 50 years created a forest community with 45.06 per cent share of woody plants. After it has been deforested was doing research on a variant grazing with Charolais cattle and compared with deforested grassland without management leaving the development without human intervention. On the variant without management for three years we recorded 58 plant species with woody plants. Cover of grasses was reduced, for example Agrostis capillaris L. from 15 to 0.78% and Festuca rubra from 5,33 to the tracks, like the presence of herbs, on the contrary increased the percentage of woody plants as Betula pendula from 4.08 to 13.52%, Cerasus avium from 3.07 to 16 28% and Populus tremula from 16.22 to 47.88%. Proportion of woody plants in the third year of research accounted for up to 77.68 per cent stake. Dominant Populus tremula amounted to 2.50 m high and mean diameter 30 mm. Grazing control variant for three years consisted of community – Agrostis Festucetum rubrae with 66 plant species and dominance of other herbs (53.66%). Significantly increased the proportion of grasses, for example Agrostis capillaris from 5.67 to 15.61%, Festuca rubra from 5.02 to 8.42%, Festuca pratensis from 3.84 to 4.40% and Dactylis glomerata from 2.46 to 4.46%. The variant without management significantly increased levels of C : N at depths of 0–200 mm from 10.88–12.65 to 14–16.53, compared with a variant of grazing (from 9.36–12.41 to 6.93–10.46). The evaluation of phosphorus and potassium in two depths, in the C : N ratio, but also in botanical composition from 2006 to 2008, we found statistically highly significant differences in the variant with self–reforestation without management (BM) compared with grazing control variant after deforestation.
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Basumatary, Sadhan K., and H. Gregory McDonald. "Coprophilous fungi from dung of the Greater One-Horned Rhino in Kaziranga National Park, India and its implication to paleoherbivory and paleoecology." Quaternary Research 88, no. 1 (July 2017): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2017.34.
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AbstractFungal spores, especially those of coprophilous fungi, are present in dung middens ofRhinoceros unicornis(greater one-horned rhinoceros) in both forest and grassland areas of the Kaziranga National Park, India. The presence of coprophilous fungi on rhino dung, chieflySporormiella,Saccobolus,Ascodesmis,Cercophora, andSordaria, is documented for the first time. TheSporormiella–Ascodesmis–Saccobolusassemblage is abundant and characterizes the rhino dung in forest and grassland areas. The presence of coprophilous fungi spores allows for an examination of the relationship between rhinoceros ecology and the flora and other fauna in the region. The overall dataset is useful in interpreting the present and past distribution of rhino and other associated animals based on the relative abundance of different types of coprophilous fungi spores and their relationship to paleoherbivory and paleoecology in India and adjoining areas.
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Tullus, Tea, Arvo Tullus, Elle Roosaluste, Reimo Lutter, and Hardi Tullus. "Vascular plant and bryophyte flora in midterm hybrid aspen plantations on abandoned agricultural land." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 45, no. 9 (September 2015): 1183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0464.
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Short-rotation forest plantations with hybrid aspen on abandoned agricultural land are a novel use of land in eastern and northern Europe; however, to date, their impact on floristic diversity has not been thoroughly studied. Our aim is to determine the kind of vascular plant and bryophyte (including epiphytes) species that benefit from such plantations. Data on understorey and soil humus layer properties were collected as part of the repeated monitoring of 204 permanent vegetation plots in twenty-four 13- to 14-year old commercial hybrid aspen plantations in boreonemoral Estonia. Data analysis indicated that the understorey of midterm hybrid aspen plantations is formed of species with different ecological requirements, ranging from typical fallow species to shade-tolerant forest species. Midterm plantations were dominated by common grassland species; however, occasionally less frequent and protected grassland species were also found. No rare species of epigeic or epiphytic bryophytes were recorded. Overall, a slow succession towards a shade-tolerant understorey was observed when comparing midterm and young plantations, with the occurrence of forest species in negative correlation with the amount of canopy-transmitted total solar radiation. The number of species characteristic of forests growing on similar soil types was low. Further studies will clarify how close the habitat in such intensively managed plantations on abandoned agricultural lands can approach that of natural forests in hemiboreal conditions.
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Hill, Mark O., Christopher D. Preston, and Jonathan D. Shanklin. "Geographical patterns in the flora of Cambridgeshire (v.c.29)." British & Irish Botany 2, no. 4 (December 7, 2020): 285–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.33928/bib.2020.02.285.
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Cambridgeshire data collected for the BSBI’s Atlas 2020 project include 347,496 records at monad (1 km) or finer resolution. We used these data to cluster taxa by spherical k-means to produce 21 clusters of taxa with similar patterns of distribution. Some of the clusters correspond to well-defined habitats such as chalk grassland, ancient woodland, traditional fenland, and saline riversides and roadsides. Other clusters were less expected, corresponding to arable clayland, washland (the Ouse and Nene washes), waste ground and garden escapes. There was a cluster of ubiquitous species and another of common arable weeds. The distributions of the clusters are displayed as coincidence maps. Some species are intermediate between two clusters. These can be recognised by their relatively poor goodness of fit to any one cluster. The clusters differ markedly in ecological attributes and whether they include rare or threatened species. We interpret these differences using Ellenberg values and the vascular plant Red List for England.
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Abhijit, H. U., Y. L. Krishnamurthy, and K. Gopalakrishna Bhat. "The oat-like grass Trisetopsis aspera (Munro ex Thwaites) Röser & A.Wölk (Poaceae): a new record for the flora of central Western Ghats of Karnataka, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 13, no. 1 (January 27, 2021): 17601–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.6181.13.1.17601-17603.
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For the documentation of grasses in the central Western Ghats of Karnataka, we have conducted the extensive field surveys by using random sampling method from 2017 to 2020. During this survey we have collected some grass specimens from the shola grassland, which forms the new distributional record of Trisetopsis aspera (Munro ex Thwaites) Roser & A. Wolk to the flora of central Western Ghats, Karnataka, India from the montane high- lands of Baba Budangiri hills of Chikkamagaluru District.
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Czarnecka, Joanna. "Spatial and temporal variability of seed bank resulting from overgrowing of xerothermic grassland." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 77, no. 2 (2011): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2008.020.
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The aim of my study was to determine changes in the seed bank and vegetation during the process of overgro-wing of the xerothermic grassland situated on the slopes of the White Mountain (349 m a. s. l., the Central Roztocze Region, South-Eastern Poland). I also examined whether the changes of vegetation can be predicted if we know the structure of the burned seed flora. To achieve this goal I used two sets of data: one collected from three different environments (grassland, brushwood and woodland) at the same time (toposequence), and the other collected twice from the same place at the interval of seven years (chronosequence). I stated that the appearance of even a small number of ornitochorous seeds and their seedlings can be treated as a signal that the bush encroachment will accelerate. Seed number seems to decrease during succession in the analysed sequence of plant communities. The total number of species in the seed bank did not change in the most dynamic plant communities: grassland and brushwood, and it was significantly higher there than in the seed bank of woodland. During the time of observation, the most important quantitative and qualitative changes took place in grassland vegetation, which is more similar to brushwood vegetation now than it was at the beginning of the study.
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Dugas, Daniel P., and Gregory J. Retallack. "Middle Miocene fossil grasses from Fort Ternan, Kenya." Journal of Paleontology 67, no. 1 (January 1993): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000021223.
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At the well-known fossil mammal locality of Fort Ternan in southwestern Kenya, radiometrically dated at about 14 million years old (middle Miocene), fossil grasses have been preserved by nephelinitic sandstone in place of growth above a brown paleosol (type Onuria clay). Large portions of grass plants as well as fragments of leaves have revealed details of silica bodies, stomates, and other taxonomically important features under the scanning electron microscope. The computer database for grass identification compiled by Leslie Watson and colleagues was used to determine the most similar living grass genera to the five distinct kinds of fossil found. Two of the fossil species are assigned to Cleistochloa kabuyis sp. nov. and C. shipmanae sp. nov. This genus includes one species from low fertility dry woodland soils of New South Wales and Queensland and a second species from “raw clay soils” in western New Guinea. A third fossil species, represented by a large portion of a branching culm, is assigned to Stereochlaena miocenica sp. nov. This genus includes five species of low-fertility woodland soils in southeastern Africa. Both Cleistochloa and Stereochlaena are in the supertribe Panicanae of the subfamily Panicoideae. A fourth species is assigned to Distichlis africana sp. nov. and provides a biogeographic link between the single species of this genus now living in coastal grasslands in southeastern Australia and the 12 species of dunes and deserts found throughout the Americas from Patagonia and the West Indies to the United States and Canada. A fifth species is, like D. africana, in the subfamily Chloridoideae, but its stomata were not seen and it could belong to Cyclostachya, Pogoneura, or Polevansia. This earliest known wooded grassland flora in Africa is taxonomically unlike the modern grass flora of fertile volcanic African landscapes, and may have been recruited from an archaic grass flora of Gondwanan desert and lateritic soils.
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Toldi, Maicon, Elisete Maria de Freitas, Vinícius Leão da Silva, Monique Caumo, Júlia Jantsch Ferla, Carla Roberta Orlandi, Tairis Da-Costa, Liana Johann, and Noeli Juarez Ferla. "Communities of predatory mites (Phytoseiidae and Stigmaeidae) in different environments of the Brazilian Pampa." Acarologia 61, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20214413.
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The Brazilian Pampa presents a high diversity of fauna and flora within a mosaic of environments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the assemblages of predatory mites (Phytoseiidae and Stigmaeidae) in three different Pampa environments: Grassland shrub vegetation, Grazing Exclusions fenced for six years and Riparian Forest with tree vegetation. Phytoseiidae and Stigmaeidae were evaluated with a total of 324 plant sampled from nine sites in three environments. Twenty-two Phytoseiidae species and six Stigmaeidae species were found. Riparian Forest presented the highest abundance of predatory mites (243) and the greatest species diversity. Mites were more abundant in Grazing Exclusions (64) than in Grassland (25) environments, but species diversity was similar. In Riparian Forest, the most abundant species were Amblyseius tamatavensis Blommers, Amblyseius herbicolus (Chant) and Agistemus floridanus González-Rodríguez. Arrenoseius gaucho Ferla, Silva and Moraes and Zetzellia malvinae Matioli, Ueckermann and Oliveira were the most abundant in Grassland environment. Our results demonstrate that the Brazilian Pampa has a high diversity of predatory mites and mite communities seem to be affected by the type of environment, showing the importance of this ecosystem as a reservoir of natural enemies.
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Feledyn-Szewczyk, Beata, Mariusz Matyka, and Mariola Staniak. "Comparison of the Effect of Perennial Energy Crops and Agricultural Crops on Weed Flora Diversity." Agronomy 9, no. 11 (October 30, 2019): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9110695.
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The cultivation of perennial energy crops is a new agricultural system and so there is limited information available on its effects on biodiversity. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the cultivation of energy crops on the diversity of weed flora and to compare this diversity with that found in crop production systems on arable land. The best habitats for weed flora were created by willow (Salix viminalis), poplar (Populus sp.), false acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia), and perennial grasses (25–30 species), with the exception of reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) (20 species). The lowest diversity and abundance of weed flora were observed on plantations of Virginia mallow (Sida hermaphrodita) and Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus). Weed communities in energy crops included more perennial species (by 11%), ruderal species (by 10%), and those typical for grassland (by 7%) and forests (by 4%), in comparison to arable land. The plantations of energy plants promoted an increase in the density of the invasive species Solidago gigantea (from 1.9 to 6.3 plants m−2 over six years). The introduction of perennial energy crops into an agricultural landscape causes quantitative and qualitative changes in weed flora communities and, therefore, control of the spread of some non-native and invasive species is needed.
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Smith, R. I. Lewis. "Species diversity and resource relationships of South Georgian fungi." Antarctic Science 6, no. 1 (March 1994): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102094000064.
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The occurrence and distribution of the South Georgia fungal flora, particularly Ascomycotina and Basidiomycotina, is assessed in terms of habitat and substrate preference. The 113 taxa reported comprise 37 basidiomycetes, 49 ascomycetes, six myxomycetes and at least 21 lower fungi. Peat and litter substrata associated with tall tussock grassland have a rich macro-fungal flora, and numerous species occur in bog and mire communities, some in abundance from mid to late summer. Many micro-fungi and ascomycetes colonize dying leaves and inflorescences of specific vascular plants, and a few colonize bryophytes and lichens. At least a dozen species, probably non-indigenous, are associated with rotting timber and other imported materials at former whaling stations. An intensive survey of the South Georgia mycoflora is necessary to gain better understanding of their role in decomposition and nutrient cycling processes in the principal plant communities.
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Cardarelli, Elisa, Rodolfo Gentili, Francesca Della Rocca, Marta Zanella, Sarah Caronni, Giuseppe Bogliani, and Sandra Citterio. "Seeding and Overseeding Native Hayseed Support Plant and Soil Arthropod Communities in Agriculture Areas." Life 10, no. 4 (April 11, 2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life10040038.
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Using native seed mixtures to create or recover grassland habitats in rotation to crops or in strips surrounding fields is considered a cost-effective practice to enhance ecosystem resilience and agro-biodiversity. The aim of this research was to assess the effects of native hayseed mixtures on plant and microarthropod communities in an agricultural area of Northern Italy. Three different experimental treatments were set up. The first was a control (C) (i.e., non-seeded plots left to spontaneous vegetation succession after ploughing no deeper than 15 cm). The second, hayseed seeded (Hs) after ploughing no deeper than 15 cm. The third experimental treatment was hayseed overseeded (Ov) on the resident plant community after only a superficial harrowing. Ov plots exhibited the preeminent positive effects on the total productivity and quality of the grassland in terms of total vegetation cover, cover and richness of typical grassland species (i.e., Molinio-Arrhenatheretea species), and cover of legumes, grasses and perennial species. Moreover, Ov sites exhibited the highest abundance of microarthropod taxa and soil biological quality (QBS-ar) but only in spring, when the disturbance of ploughing negatively affected Hs and C plots. On the other hand, Hs sites showed a great reduction of invasive alien (i.e., Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Artemisia verlotiorum) and segetal weed species (i.e., Capsella bursa-pastoris and Spergula arvensis) in terms of cover. This study provides valuable indication on using hayseed mixtures to create grassland habitats as reservoir of native flora and soil biodiversity in agriculture areas.
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Wszałek-Rożek, Katarzyna, Magdalena Lazarus, Renata Afranowicz-Cieślak, Joanna Gołębiewska, Anna Kuczyńska, Marta Jarosińska, Artur Eichmann, and Ryszard Markowski. "Endangered flora of Gdańsk Pomerania – its distinctiveness and diversity." Biodiversity Research and Conservation 50, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/biorc-2018-0007.
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Abstract Gdańsk Pomerania is a region characterized by unique physiographic features and diverse flora. This region, as many other areas, is subject to numerous accelerating transformations. The occurrence of numerous species on their range edges and on isolated stands, e.g. mountain and xerothermic grassland species, was an important criterion in the development of a regional red list of vascular plants of Gdańsk Pomerania (Markowski & Buliński 2004). On this list, 648 species of vascular plants, which constitute about 39% of the regional flora and 26% of all Polish flora, are considered to be endangered at various levels. In total, 47 species have been declared extinct in the aforementioned region (RE), 39 taxa are considered as critically endangered (CR) and 109 – as endangered (EN). Further 222 plant species are classified as vulnerable (moderately endangered) (VU), 124 have low risk categories (NT or LC) and there are 107 taxa of unknown threat, due to lack of sufficient information (DD). The aim of this work was to synthesize endangered components of Gdańsk Pomerania vascular plant flora for their better recognition and characterization. Among the species varying in threat degrees, the authors identified species protected by law and endangered in Poland as well as globally. In addition, the participation of species diagnostic of individual phytosociological units was verified. Also, the share of taxa representing various geographical elements was indicated.
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Lapin, Katharina, Andreas Eipeldauer, Gerald Folly, Daniel Mank, and Karl-Georg Bernhardt. "The Vegetation of North-Western Mongolia: Floristic Checklist and Conservation Status of Mongolian Grassland Flora." MONGOLIAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 15, no. 1 (2017): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22353/mjbs.2017.15.02.
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Cullen, W. Rod, and C. Philip Wheater. "The Flora and Invertebrate Fauna of a Relocated Grassland at Thrislington Plantation, County Durham, England." Restoration Ecology 1, no. 2 (June 1993): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100x.1993.tb00018.x.
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Resende, FM, GW Fernandes, and MS Coelho. "Economic valuation of plant diversity storage service provided by Brazilian rupestrian grassland ecosystems." Brazilian Journal of Biology 73, no. 4 (November 2013): 709–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842013000400005.
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The rupestrian grassland ecosystems provide various goods and services to society and support a significant amount of biological diversity. Notably the rich plant diversity has high levels of endemism and a variety of uses among the local communities and general society. Despite the socio-ecological importance of these ecosystems, they are subjected to significant anthropogenic pressures. The goal of this study is to perform economic valuation of the plant diversity storage service provided by rupestrian grassland ecosystems to provide grounds for the development of conservation policies and encourage sustainable practices in these ecosystems. Given the intense human disturbances and unique flora, the Serra do Cipó (southern portion of the Espinhaço Range in southeast Brazil) was selected for the study. We estimate the monetary value related to the plant diversity storage service provided by the study area using the maintenance costs of native plants in the living collections of the botanical garden managed by the Zoobotanical Foundation - Belo Horizonte (located 97 km from Serra do Cipó). The plant diversity storage value provided by Serra do Cipó ecosystems is significant, reaching US$25.26 million year–1. This study contributes to the development of perspectives related to the conservation of rupestrian grassland ecosystems as well as others threatened tropical ecosystems with high biodiversity
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Lucci, Gina M. "Pastures and drought: a review of processes and implications for nitrogen and phosphorus cycling in grassland systems." Soil Research 57, no. 2 (2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr18079.
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The incidence and extent of drought is predicted to increase and therefore understanding the effects on the plant–soil system is important. The objective of this review is to report on the fundamental processes involved in the effects of drought on pasture, soil, and soil microorganisms in grassland systems and evaluate the consequences of drought to determine whether management decisions could mitigate the impact of drought. There are associations within the plant–soil system affecting the flows and cycling of nutrients. Drought conditions often create a flush of nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus upon rewetting that is at risk of loss to the environment. Prediction of the flush magnitude is difficult because it is influenced by drought characteristics such as duration, soil temperature, degree of drying, and rate at which the rewetting occurs post-drought. Response to drought is also affected by the microbial community population and structure of the soil-related flora and fauna. Increasing pasture diversity and soil organic matter may help to mitigate the effects of drought in grassland systems. More research is needed that incorporates all the components of the plant–soil system to examine the net effects of drought on grassland systems. Better measures are also needed to estimate the consequences for future climate change on nutrient stocks and flows.
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Siwakoti, Mohan. "A Checklist of Angiospermic Flora in and around the Lumbini Sacred Garden, Nepal." Journal of Natural History Museum 23 (June 4, 2009): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhm.v23i0.1837.
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Lumbini Sacred Garden has stretches of Saccharum dominated grassland and patches of Dalbergia forest. A total of 354 species belonging to 75 families and 245 genera of angiospermic plants has been documented from the Lumbini Sacred Garden and its adjoining areas. Out of these, 258 species belong to 61 families and 187 genera of dicotyledons whereas, 96 species to 14 families and 58 genera of monocotyledons. There are 246 species of herbs, 54 species of trees, 29 species of shrubs and 25 species of Climbers. The paper attempts to give the list of the plants with habit and habitat occurred in Lumbini Sacred Garden and adjoining places.Key words: Angiosperm; flora; Lumbini; Nepal.Journal of Natural History Museum Vol. 23, 2008 Page 27-44
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Diaz, Daniel, and István Csízi. "Yield and sward composition responses of a native grassland to compost application." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 73 (August 29, 2017): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/73/1623.
Full textAbstract:
A major part of the animal products are based on the grasslands, due to the fact that the grassland ecosystems can be found all over the globe. In places where economical and successful crop production cannot be realized, the grassland based animal husbandry can be an efficient way of food production. In addition these ecosystems have an important role in carbon sequestration, and with their rich flora – and the fauna connected to it – in conservation of biodiversity. The protection of nature, and the sustainable agriculture is getting more and more attention in the European Union, but looking at the consumers’ needs, the production of healthy food cannot be neglected either. Because of these facts, the effects of two specific composts - which are officially authorized in organic farming, in Agri-environment Schemes and Natura 2000 programs – on grass yields and sward compositions were investigated in a field trial. The investigation took place in Hungary, on a natural grassland based on solonetz soil. The first type of compost was a natural one (N) without any additional material and the other one was enriched in phosphorus (E). Both was produced by the research institute, made of sheep manure. Three rates of compost (10 t ha-1, 20 t ha-1,30 t ha-1) were tested on 3 m×10 m experimental plots. Every treatments had four replications and both type of compost had four-four control plots too, this way 32 experimental plots were included in the investigations. The yield of the pasture was harvested two-times (in May and in September) and before cutting the plots measurements on botanical compositions were made. Samples for laboratory analysis were also taken. Dry matter yield and crude protein content was measured in laboratory and with the received data the yield per unit area was calculated. Based on the research results we can say that the application of compost in any dose inflicts higher dry material and crude protein yield. The changes were partly due to some positive changes in sward composition, because of the better nutrient conditions. The research results indicate, that use of organic compost can be an efficient way to increase grass yields in a sustainable way.
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Kuinchtner, Bruno Castro, Fernando Luiz Ferreira de Quadros, Fernanda Maurer Taschetto, Gabriela Machado Dutra, Liane Seibert, Fernando Ongaratto, and Pedro Trindade Casanova. "Does Rotational Grazing Based on Leaf Expansion Duration Modify Grazing Behavior and Feed Intake of Beef Heifers on Natural Grassland?" Journal of Agricultural Science 13, no. 10 (September 15, 2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v13n10p85.
Full textAbstract:
Grasslands develop a multifunctional role to humanity, with unique fauna and flora, besides being the primary feed source for herbivores. However, grasslands are usually considered a low-efficiency production system, often converted into other land uses such as crops and forestation (e.g., south Brazil). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two rest intervals between grazing occupations in rotational grazing on the grazing behavior and feed intake of beef heifers. Two grazing intervals, 375 and 750 DD (degree-days) were used; based on the cumulative thermal sum necessary for the leaf expansion of native grasses of two functional groups. The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized block design, with two treatments, three replications, and repeated measures over time. The grazing behavior was evaluated continuously for 18 hours (7 a.m. to 11h59 p.m.). Herbage intake was estimated using an external marker (Cr2O3) in four periods (one for each season). The green leaf mass was similar between treatments, with a mean of 40% of the pregrazing mass (kg DM ha-1). On average grazing, time was 50% of the period, and the bite rate was 38.7 bites min-1. The number of daily meals was 6.5, with an average of 84 minutes for each meal. The number of feeding times (feeding stations by minute) visited was 6.4. On average, there was a 2.23% difference in dry matter intake (% BW) among seasons. Neither ingestive behavior or forage consumption of heifers was affected by the treatments, both maintain similar chemical composition on natural grassland.