Journal articles: 'Graubünden (Switzerland)'

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Moskopf-Janner, Maria Chiara. "Italienischsprachige Auszubildende in Graubünden (Schweiz)." Sprache im Beruf 6, no. 2 (2023): 141–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.25162/sprib-2023-0010.

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Bankova, Vassya, Milena Popova, Stefan Bogdanov, and Anna-Gloria Sabatini. "Chemical Composition of European Propolis: Expected and Unexpected Results." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 57, no. 5-6 (June 1, 2002): 530–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2002-5-622.

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Ten propolis samples from Bulgaria, Italy and Switzerland were analyzed by GC-MS. As expected, most samples displayed the typical chemical pattern of “poplar” propolis: they contained pinocembrin, pinobanksin and its 3-O-acetate, chrysin, galangin, prenyl esters of caffeic and ferulic acids. Two samples differed significantly: one from the Graubünden Alpine region, Switzerland, rich in phenolic glycerides, and one from Sicily which contained only a limited number of phenolics and was rich in diterpenic acids.

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Dieleman, Catharina, Susan Ivy-Ochs, Kristina Hippe, Olivia Kronig, Florian Kober, and Marcus Christl. "Reconsidering the origin of the Sedrun fans (Graubünden, Switzerland)." E&G Quaternary Science Journal 67, no. 1 (April 20, 2018): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-67-17-2018.

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Ivy-Ochs, S., A. v. Poschinger, H. A. Synal, and M. Maisch. "Surface exposure dating of the Flims landslide, Graubünden, Switzerland." Geomorphology 103, no. 1 (January 2009): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.10.024.

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Nagel, T., C. de Capitani, and M. Frey. "Isograds andP-Tevolution in the eastern Lepontine Alps (Graubünden, Switzerland)." Journal of Metamorphic Geology 20, no. 3 (April 2002): 309–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1314.2002.00368.x.

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Moretti, Bruno, Matteo Casoni, and Elena Maria Pandolfi. "Italian in Switzerland: Statistical Data and Sociolinguistic Varieties." Gragoatá 26, no. 54 (February 24, 2021): 252–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/gragoata.v26i54.46913.

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This contribution presents the different situations of Italian in the cantons of Ticino (where a gradual reduction in dialectophony is taking place) and Graubünden (where the dialect is being preserved), as well as the standardisation of Swiss Italian, which is taking place through the process of 'standard by mere usage' (AMMON, 2003, p. 2). A number of important theoretical concepts are brought up to date here in a very enlightening way: the concept of dilalie (BERRUTO, 1987) to describe the functional overlap between two varieties of a language, the pluricentricity of languages (CLYNE, 1989), models of standardisation of pluricentric languages (AMMON, 1989) and the representation of the bicentricity (AUER, 2005) of Italian (Italy and Switzerland).

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Czichos, Aleksander. "Graubünden – „little Switzerland”. Political, ethnic and cultural characteristics of the canton." Res Politicae 11 (2019): 123–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/rp.2019.11.08.

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Kasperski, Johan, Christophe Delacourt, Pascal Allemand, and Pierre Pothérat. "Evolution of the Sedrun landslide (Graubünden, Switzerland) with ortho-rectified air images." Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 69, no. 3 (May 21, 2010): 421–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10064-010-0293-z.

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Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz, and Wayne Mathis. "A revision of the Palearctic species of the shore-fly genus Discomyza Meigen (Diptera: Ephydridae)." Insect Systematics & Evolution 38, no. 3 (2007): 241–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631207788754448.

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AbstractThe four Palearctic species of the shore-fly genus Discomyza Meigen are revised, including the description of an undescribed species. The undescribed species, D. baechlii, is found at higher elevations mainly in Austria and Switzerland (type locality: Graubünden: Ausserferrera-Cresta (1300-1670 m; 46°28'N, 9°31'E). Three species, D. baechlii, D. incurva, and D. maritima, form a monophyletic species group; the fourth species, D. maculipennis, has only been found in Japan in the Palearctic region and is undoubtedly an introduction from the Oriental region. Lectotypes are designated for: Discomyza amabilis Kertész, Discomyza pelagica Frauenfeld and Psilopa incurva Fallén.

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GERGINOVA, Zlatka. "THE FOURTH OFFICIAL LANGUAGE IN SWITZERLAND - PAST AND PRESENT." Ezikov Svyat volume 22 issue 2, ezs.swu.v22i2 (May 30, 2024): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v22i2.1.

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The article examines the Rhaeto-Romance language ("Bündnerromansch", "Romansch") as part of the linguistic diversity in the Swiss Confederation, which has reached the status of an official language in the country, although it is currently spoken by less than one per cent of its population. An overview of the history of today's canton Graubünden - a mountainous region where Rhaeto-Romance is mainly used – is reviewed. Attention is drawn to Peider Lansel's struggle to assert and preserve the language; the role of Lia Rumantscha organization for its recognition as the fourth national language in the past, and today - for the spread of Rhaeto-Romance culture through education, promotion of the spoken and written language, support and coordination of projects of regional Romansh associations. A brief statistical report shows the percentage of the population in the state using this language as the main one. Several major dialects of Romansch are briefly considered, from which the common written language of Rhaeto-Romance developed, called Rumantsch Grischun; the role of music, television and radio in its dissemination and preservation; its promotion activities, such as publishing books and textbooks, efforts to establish it as a first language in its distribution areas.

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Vinçon, Gilles, Louis Boumans, and Jean-Luc Gattolliat. "Reinstatement of Leuctra biellensis Festa, 1942 (Plecoptera, Leuctridae)." Alpine Entomology 2, no. 1 (May 3, 2018): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.2.23041.

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Both molecular and morphologic characters support the reinstatement ofLeuctrabiellensisFesta, 1942 as a valid species distinct fromLeuctranigra(Olivier, 1811). Genetic distances betweenL.biellensisand the different populations ofL.nigraare around 9%, while intraspecific distances amongL.nigrahaploclades are less than 1%. Morphologically, the two species can be separated in male adult specimens by the shape of the two teeth on tergite VIII, by the lateral edges of tergites and by the distal expansion of the paraprocts.Leuctrabiellensisoccurs on the southern slope of the Alps in Italy and Switzerland (Ticino and Graubünden), whileL.nigrahas a wide distribution in Central and Northern Europe. As the type material ofL.biellensiswas lost, and to avoid future confusion between the two species, we designate as neotype a male imago collected at the type locality.

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Dusemund, Frank, Florent Baty, and Martin H. Brutsche. "Significant reduction of AECOPD hospitalisations after implementation of a public smoking ban in Graubünden, Switzerland." Tobacco Control 24, no. 4 (February 5, 2014): 404–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051290.

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Sulser, Heinz, and Heinz Furrer. "Dimerelloid rhynchonellide brachiopods in the Lower Jurassic of the Engadine (Canton Graubünden, National Park, Switzerland)." Swiss Journal of Geosciences 101, no. 1 (March 24, 2008): 203–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00015-008-1250-8.

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Defila, Claudio. "Pflanzenphänologische Beobachtungen in Graubünden: Trends bei pflanzenphänologischen Zeitreihen | Phytophenological observations in the Grisons:Trends of phytophenological time series." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 154, no. 8 (August 1, 2003): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2003.0333.

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Statistical analyses were carried out using data from 25 phenological observation stations in the Grisons and 17 chosen phenological phases between 1951 and 1998. Results show a wide scattering of phenological data depending on both time and location. The variation is attributable to climate differences in the different regions (Rheinbünden, Südbünden and Engadin), as well as differences of altitude (between 580 and 1805 m.a.s.l.) in the Canton. Trend analyses of 100 phenological time series during the period in question show, above all, a precocious tendancy in the Grisons. In contrast to the evaluation for the whole of Switzerland all phenophase species(including autumnal phases) show a precocious trend which reaches a peak at 22 days in full blossom. This early start of the vegetation period is cleary linked to climate change, as the start of phenological phases in spring are strongly influenced by temperature. Generally speaking, precocity in the Grisons is more accentuated than in the rest of Switzerland. This is a persuasive result in view of the fact that plants at the higher stations react more strongly to climate warming than those in the lowlands or in milder regions and many of the observation stations in the Grisons are situated at alpine altitudes, i.e., over 1000 m.a.s.l.

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Keller, Christine, and Christoph Scheidegger. "Distribution of fresh-water lichens in connection with annual inundation period in the Flüelatal (Switzerland, canton Graubünden)." Herzogia 10 (December 21, 1994): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/herzogia/10/1994/99.

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Neenan, James M., and Torsten M. Scheyer. "New specimen of Psephoderma alpinum (Sauropterygia, Placodontia) from the Late Triassic of Schesaplana Mountain, Graubünden, Switzerland." Swiss Journal of Geosciences 107, no. 2-3 (November 20, 2014): 349–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00015-014-0173-9.

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Hürlimann, Joachim, Klemens Niederberger, and Fredy Elber. "Landscape development concept and revitalisation of the River Inn f1ood-plain at San Niclà-Strada, Lower Engadine, Grisons, Switzerland." River Systems 9, no. 3-4 (February 12, 1996): 637–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/lr/9/1996/637.

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Gordon, Riet, Ueli Bühler, and Jürg Zinggeler. "Änderung der Waldinventurmethode im Kanton Graubünden | Modification of the Forest Inventory Method in the Canton of Grisons, Switzerland." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 151, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2000.0165.

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The new planning concept in the canton of Grisons, consisting of regional development plans and local management plans, affects information needs and thus the previous inventory method. Information on forest condition and forest dynamics is needed both at the regional and at the management level. Where the management level is concerned, the information needed is gained by means of a detailed description of each stand. To support the decision on the future inventory method at the regional level, a pilot inventory was conducted, using the method of the second National Forest Inventory (NFI 2). The given cost framework enabled a survey in a sample grid of 500 × 500 m to be conducted. The software and the recording equipment of the NFI 2 were used. The variable list of the NFI 2, however, was reduced according to the needs of the canton. In order to reduce the costs, no tariff sample trees were assessed. The field work for assessing one plot required 8.4 person hours or CHF. 680.–. These values are within the expected range. For the entire area, the costs amounted to CHF. 27.30 per hectare. The standard error for the total forest area was between 6.0% (Schanfigg) and 6.8% (Val Mustair) and thus rather high. The standard error for the growing stock, the most important variable, was 7.0% and thus within the desired range. The pilot inventory also gave satisfactory results for the growing stock of the main tree species. Based on the sample grid of the NF11, the increase in growing stock could, already with the first regional inventory, be determined more reliably than by the use of the previous sampling design with temporary plots. The pilot inventory also showed that, with the conditions prevailing in the canton of Grisons, an additional interpretation of aerial photographs is only useful if the variables assessed on the photographs enable a better stratification than the variable tree height class alone. The experience and the results gained from the pilot inventory are positive. From now on, the canton of Grisons will conduct an inventory on permanent plots in a 500 × 500 m grid, and drop the surveys of temporary sampling plots.

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Bardsley, Douglas K., and Annette M. Bardsley. "Organising for socio-ecological resilience: The roles of the mountain farmer cooperative Genossenschaft Gran Alpin in Graubünden, Switzerland." Ecological Economics 98 (February 2014): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2013.12.004.

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Wenk, Hans-Rudolf, Rong Yu, Nobumichi Tamura, Duri Bischoff, and Walter Hunkeler. "Slags as Evidence for Copper Mining above Casaccia, Val Bregaglia (Central Alps)." Minerals 9, no. 5 (May 12, 2019): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9050292.

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Slags from the remote Mota Farun locality above Casaccia (Val Bregaglia, Swiss Alps) have been analyzed with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and microfocus synchrotron X-ray diffraction to determine mineralogical composition and microstructures. Non-magnetic slag samples are largely composed of euhedral and dendritic iron-rich olivine in a glassy matrix. Locally there are zones with globular inclusions rich in bornite ((Cu5Fe)S4) and locally metallic copper. Some regions display dendritic pentlandite ((Fe,Ni)9S8). Magnetic samples are mainly composed of fayalite (Fe2SiO4) and wüstite (FeO), with minor magnetite (Fe3O4). The mineralogical composition indicates that slags were the product of copper smelting. The slag compositions and morphologies are analogous to slags described from the Oberhalbstein (Graubünden, Switzerland) and the Trentino Alps (Italy) which are attributed to metallurgical exploitations of the Late Bronze Age. While the origin of the ore could not be determined, it may be related to ore deposits of chalcopyrite in greenschists and serpentinites in the vicinity, such as Alp Tgavretga (Septimer Pass) and Val Perossa (Val Bregaglia).

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Hassler, Jürg, Werner Schoch, and Roland Engesser. "Auffällige Stammkrebse an Eiben (Taxus baccata L.) im Fürstenwald bei Chur (Graubünden, Schweiz) | Stem Canker of Yew Trees (Taxus baccata L.) in the Fürstenwald near Chur, Canton Grisons, Switzerland." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 155, no. 9 (September 1, 2004): 400–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2004.0400.

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The yew (Taxus baccata L.) is not generally considered to be susceptible to fungal infections or destructive insects. In the Fürstenwald near Chur (Canton Grisons,Switzerland) however, every fourth yew in a population manifests widespread stem canker. Fungal infection is suspected to be the cause of the cankerous growth.

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Florineth, Duri. "Surface geometry of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in the southeastern Swiss Alps (Graubünden) and its paleoclimatological significance." E&G Quaternary Science Journal 48, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3285/eg.48.1.03.

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Abstract. Using detailed field evidence provided by trimlines on former nunataks, erratic boulders and the orientations of glacial striae, the surface geometry in the accumulation area during the Last Glacial Maximum was reconstructed for the area of SE Switzerland and adjacent Italy. Collectively, the trends of trimline elevations, flowlines deduced from glacial striae and bedrock morphology along the longitudinal valleys and their tributaries indicate that the former accumulation area consisted of an ice dome with the ice divide located over the area enclosed by Schlarignia, Cinuos-chel, Livigno and Piz Bernina. It attained a minimum altitude of approximately 3000 m. Modelling the topography of the ice surface using a Geographical Information System (GIS) is consistent with these results. The paleoclimatological signal included in this surface geometry was used to draw conclusions about the main atmospheric paleocireulation patterns and to outline the principal precipitation areas for the Alps during the last glaciation. It followed from this that ice build-up was principally related to dominating precipitation by southerly circulation (foehn). The prevaleance of foehn circulation most likely reflects a southward shift of the North Atlantic polar atmospheric front and of the accompanied storm track due to the advancing margin of sea ice. There exists good agreement between these assumptions and (a) results of global circulation models for the time of the LGM; (b) estimations of basal shear stress values and flow velocities for Ice Age glaciers; and (c) interpretations of paleowind indicators.

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Menk, Julia, Luuk Dorren, Johannes Heinzel, Mauro Marty, and Markus Huber. "Evaluation automatischer Einzelbaumerkennung aus luftgestützten Laserscanning-Daten." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 168, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2017.0151.

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Evaluation of automated single-tree recognition from airborne laser scanning data In the present study, we investigated whether the detection tool FINT (Find Individual Trees) can identify single trees out of canopy height models (CHM) precisely enough to assess the protective effect of forests, even on steep slopes. For this purpose, reference trees were measured and described in twelve randomly selected sample plots in the Bündner Herrschaft and Schanfigg regions (Canton Graubünden, Switzerland). CHMs of different resolution and smoothing were generated from airborne laser scanning data for each sample plot and subsequently processed with FINT. In addition, we tested whether the use of a model that defines the minimum distance between a tree and its neighbours based on its height (MBA model) improved the quality of the results. The study showed that a finer-resolution CHM combined with stronger smoothing produced results comparable to those obtained with an unsmoothed and lower-resolution CHM. The smallest difference between the numbers of trees measured and detected was achieved with the 1-m resolution CHM, with no smoothing and no MBA model. In conclusion, FINT can provide a basis for assessing the protective effect of a forest with its existing structures, and its results – after evaluation in the field – can be directly integrated into natural hazard simulation models.

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Lüscher, Sandro. "Parlamentswahlen nach dem doppelt-proportionalen Sitzzuteilungs- verfahren im Lichte der territorialen Repräsentation. Eine empirische Annäherung an ein konzeptionelles Dilemma." Zeitschrift für Parlamentsfragen 54, no. 3 (2023): 571–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0340-1758-2023-3-571.

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The “doppelter Pukelsheim”, as the biproportional divisor method with standard rounding is colloquially called, enjoys great popularity in Switzerland . For good reason: the new method of distributing parliamentary seats among the parties better reflects the will of the voters than conventional PR-based methods . However, the formula, which was used for the first time in 2007 for the cantonal elections in Zurich, has a mathematical property that works against a fair representation of local electorates . Specifically, unequal participation rates and unequal proportions of eligible voters in the constituencies subtly lead to unequal influence of the individual constituencies on the overall result . On the basis of the Zurich municipal elections 2022 and the Graubünden cantonal elections 2022, I explain why this is problematic and then show how the representation of the constituency electorates could be optimized with a minimal intervention in the calculation formula . The evaluation shows that, in both cases, seat shifts between the parties occur . This can be explained to a large extent by the different mobilization of the constituency electorates and only to a lesser extent by the different proportions of eligible voters in the constituencies . Furthermore, initial evidence suggests that these seat shifts are not random but are related to the demographics of the party electorates .

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Şengör, A. M. Celâl. "The structural evolution of the Albula Pass region, Graubünden, eastern Switzerland: the origin of the various vergences in the structure of the Alps." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 53, no. 11 (November 2016): 1279–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2016-0020.

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The Albula Pass region lies between the Lower Austroalpine Err Nappe and the Middle Austroalpine Silvretta Nappe. They will be treated here as the frame of the non- to gently metamorphic sedimentary units between the two during the Alpide times. Sedimentation started on a metamorphic Hercynian basement during the latest Carboniferous(?) and continued into the Permian. Then a sequence from the Alpine Buntsandstein to the medial Jurassic to early Cretaceous Aptychenkalk (=Maiolica) and radiolarites were deposited in an environment of rifting and subsidence. The succeeding Palombini clastics were laid down after the Aptychenkalk and mark the onset of shortening in the Alpine realm. The initial structures that formed were at least two north-dipping normal faults which formed before the deposition of the Jurassic sedimentary rocks. When shortening set in, the first structure that came into being was the south-vergent Elalbula Nappe, bending the normal faults into close antiforms. It became further dismembered into two pieces creating parts of the future Ela and Albula nappes in the Albula region. This motion was later reversed, when the entire ensemble became bulldozed by the immense body of the Silvretta Nappe along numerous, closely spaced thrust faults, some of which only very locally followed horizontal bits of the old normal faults, but in principle they determined their own course. No evidence for westerly motion could be identified, although microstructures in the structural fabric were not studied. The reason for this may be the pre-orogenic fabric in the bounding tectonic units.

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Schmidt, Daniela N., Jeremy R. Young, Shirley Van Heck, and Jackie Lees. "The 2008 recipient of the Brady Medal: Professor Katharina von Salis." Journal of Micropalaeontology 28, no. 1 (May 1, 2009): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jm.28.1.91.

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Abstract. INTRODUCTIONThe Brady Medal, the highest award of The Micropalaeontological Society, is given to scientists who have had a major influence on micropalaeontology by means of a substantial body of excellent research and additionally service to the scientific community. It is named in honour of the brothers George and Henry Brady, pioneers of foraminiferal and ostracod research, respectively, both of whose work included landmark studies of material from the Challenger expedition. If the Challenger revolutionized nineteenth century oceanography, then the Glomar Challenger and the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) did the same for twentieth century micropalaeontology and palaeoceanography. So, it is fitting that the second Brady medal should go to one of the great contributors to DSDP microfossil studies, Katharina von Salis Perch-Nielsen.To use the words of her mother, Katharina is ‘curious, logical, inventive and rebellious, with an extreme sense for justice’. As a researcher, she made outstanding contributions to nannofossil taxonomy, biostratigraphy and palaeobiology. She both carried out an immense body of primary research and synthesized her encyclopaedic knowledge of nannofossils in a series of seminal syntheses, which have provided the basis for subsequent research. Moreover, she played a unique role in encouraging, supporting and facilitating micropalaeontological research and researchers.EARLY STUDIESKatharina was born in 1940 in Zurich, and was brought up there and in Soglio in Graubünden, a high-Alpine municipality in southeastern Switzerland, and commune of origin of the distinguished von Salis family. Her own branch of the family was characterized by strong women – her grandmother . . .

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Praz, Christophe, Andreas Müller, Dimitri Bénon, Mike Herrmann, and Rainer Neumeyer. "Annotated checklist of the Swiss bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Anthophila): hotspots of diversity in the xeric inner Alpine valleys." Alpine Entomology 7 (November 10, 2023): 219–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.7.112514.

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We present a checklist of the Swiss bees and provide information on the distribution of every bee species in all 26 Swiss cantons. 632 species are reported, including the European honeybee Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 and the exotic species Megachile sculpturalis Smith, 1853. Species richness in each canton was correlated with the canton area, with the four largest cantons hosting the highest number of species. Bee diversity hotspots were located in some Alpine inner valleys characterized by a dry and warm climate due to the rain shadow effects of surrounding mountains. These hotspots are mostly located in the steppe-like habitats of the Valais and Graubünden cantons. They host diverse wild bee communities which include a unique assemblage of submediterranean faunal elements and subalpine species. In addition, these habitats host rare species with strongly disjunct distributions in Europe, further stressing the conservation priority of these habitats for wild bee conservation. Intensive faunistic surveys performed in the last 20 years have revealed that about 20 bee species, either previously unknown for Switzerland or which had disappeared from the country for several decades, have colonised areas close to the borders of France and Italy. Most of these new or reappeared species were observed in the warmest area of the country and presumably colonized or recolonized the country from neighbouring regions following global warming. Lastly, DNA barcodes are presented for 394 specimens, including for many species so far not represented in the BOLD database. The taxonomic status of numerous unclear taxa is briefly discussed based on combined genetic and morphological analyses.

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Hartmann, B. L., W. Oberaigner, H. Frick, L. Weiss, T. Winder, K. Philipp-Abbrederis, C. Herrmann, et al. "Real life registry data of primary localisation of a well-defined colon cancer population of western Austria (Salzburg, Tyrol and Vorarlberg), eastern Switzerland (St. Gallen and Graubünden) and Liechtenstein." Annals of Oncology 28 (September 2017): v203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdx393.124.

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Balderer, Werner. "Enhanced Arsenic Contents in Spring Water within the Engadine Valley (South-eastern Switzerland; Canton of Graubünden)." Archives of Organic and Inorganic Chemical Sciences 2, no. 4 (April 11, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.32474/aoics.2018.02.000142.

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Bernoulli, Daniel, and Helmut Weissert. "Oxygen isotopes in ophicalcites: an ever-lasting controversy?" International Journal of Earth Sciences, October 9, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-020-01934-5.

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Abstract Tectono-sedimentary breccias, known as ophicalcites, overlie serpentinised peridotites at a Jurassic ocean–continent transition along the Penninic-Austroalpine transition in the Eastern Alps of Switzerland. Deformation of the exhumed mantle rocks and breccia formation occurred under decreasing temperatures and along low-angle detachment faults exposing the mantle rocks at the sea floor and was coupled with hydrothermal activity and carbonation of the serpentinites at shallow depth and/or at the sea floor. Carbon isotopes in the ophicalcites persistently show marine values; however, the interpretation of oxygen-isotope values remained controversial: are they related to Jurassic hydrothermal activity or do they reflect Alpine metamorphic overprint? Here we discuss recent interpretations that relate oxygen isotope values measured in ophicalcites exclusively to Jurassic hydrothermal activity; to this end we use data that we earlier obtained along a north–south profile across Graubünden (eastern Switzerland). We revisited the sites of controversial interpretation along a north–south profile in eastern Switzerland. Along this profile, oxygen isotope values in ophicalcites and overlying pelagic sediments, up to 25 my younger than the ophicalcites, show identical values and become systematically lower with increasing Alpine metamorphism; they strongly deviate from values in ophicalcites and pelagic sediments measured along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge or ancient Atlantic ocean-continent transitions as e.g. in the Iberia–Newfoundland transect. The oxygen-isotope values measured in Alpine ophicarbonates thus reflect isotopic resetting during the Alpine orogeny, related to fluid-rock interaction during regional metamorphism. Hydrothermal processes that accompanied the formation of ophicalcites are not disputed; however, they cannot be traced by oxygen isotope geochemistry.

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Bonetti, PO, LD Trachsel, MU Kuhn, T. Schulzki, P. Erne, D. Radovanovic, and WH Reinhart. "Incidence of acute myocardial infarction after implementation of a public smoking ban in Graubünden, Switzerland: Two year follow-up." Swiss Medical Weekly, May 27, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4414/smw.2011.13206.

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Ferrante, Christophe, Heinz Furrer, Rossana Martini, and Lionel Cavin. "Revision of the Middle Triassic coelacanth Ticinepomis Rieppel 1980 (Actinistia, Latimeriidae) with paleobiological and paleoecological considerations." Swiss Journal of Palaeontology 142, no. 1 (September 11, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13358-023-00276-4.

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AbstractCoelacanths form today an impoverished clade of sarcopterygian fishes, which were somewhat more diverse during their evolutionary history, especially in the Triassic. Since the first description of the coelacanth Ticinepomis peyeri from the Besano Formation of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Monte San Giorgio (Canton Ticino, Switzerland), the diversity of coelacanths in the Middle Triassic of this area of the western Paleo-Tethys has been enriched with discoveries of other fossil materials. At Monte San Giorgio, two specimens of Heptanema paradoxum and several specimens of the unusual coelacanth Rieppeliaheinzfurreri, have been reported from the Meride Limestone and the Besano Formation, respectively. Another unusual coelacanth, Foreyia maxkuhni, and two specimens referred to Ticinepomis cf. T. peyeri have been described from the isochronous and paleogeographical close Prosanto Formation at the Ducanfurgga and Strel sites (near Davos, Canton Graubünden). In the framework of the revision of the coelacanth material from the Besano Formation kept in the collection of the Paläontologisches Institut und Museum der Universität Zürich (Switzerland), we reviewed the genus Ticinepomis on the basis of the holotype and four new referred specimens. Several morphological traits that were little and/or not understood in T. peyeri are here clarified. We re-evaluate the taxonomic attribution of the material of Ticinepomis cf. T. peyeri from the Prosanto Formation. Morphological characters are different enough from the type species, T. peyeri, to erect a new species, Ticinepomis ducanensis sp. nov., which is shown to be also present in the Besano Formation of Monte San Giorgio, where it is represented by fragmentary bone elements. The recognition of a new coelacanth species indicates that the diversity of this slow-evolving lineage was particularly high in this part of the Western Tethys during the Middle Triassic, especially between 242 and 240 million years ago.

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Kowalinski, Eva, Tiziana Ziltener, Sarah Staub, Julian Moeller, Manuel Trachsel, Andres R. Schneeberger, Irina Franke, Undine E. Lang, and Christian G. Huber. "Physician assisted-dying in mentally and somatically ill individuals in Switzerland: Protocol for survey-based study." Frontiers in Psychiatry 13 (October 28, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.987791.

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BackgroundArticle 115 of the Swiss Penal Code (StGB) permits physician-assisted dying (PAD), provided it is not performed for “selfish reasons,” and thus, occupies a special role in international comparison. However, the Swiss federal law does not regulate who exactly is entitled to access PAD, and there is no universal agreement in the concerned professional societies. Additional uncertainty arises when assessing the wish for PAD of a mentally ill person compared to a somatically ill person.ObjectivesThis study aims to contribute to the discussion of PAD among the mentally ill and to provide insight into the current situation in Switzerland.MethodsThis is a monocentric prospective observational survey-based study. We will conduct an exploratory online/telephone survey about PAD in somatic vs. mental illness in Switzerland. The survey sample will comprise 10,000 Swiss residents of the general population from all three language regions (German, Italian, and French) as well as 10,000 medical professionals working in the seven states (“cantons”) of Basel-Stadt, Basel-Landschaft, Aargau, Lucerne, Graubünden, Ticino, and Vaud. Opinions on PAD in mentally and somatically ill patients will be assessed using 48 different case vignettes. Each participant will be randomly assigned a somatic terminal, a somatic non-terminal, and a mental non-terminal case vignette. Furthermore, the attitude toward the ethical guidelines of the Swiss Medical Association of 2004, 2018, and 2022, as well as the stigmatization of mentally ill people will be assessed.DiscussionPhysician-assisted dying in mentally ill persons is a highly relevant yet controversial topic. On the one hand, mentally ill persons must not be discriminated against in their desire for PAD compared to somatically ill persons while at the same time, their vulnerability must be considered. On the other hand, treating physicians must be protected in their ethical integrity and need security when judging PAD requests. Despite its relevance, data on PAD in the mentally ill is sparse. To regulate PAD for the mentally ill, it is therefore important for Switzerland—but also internationally—to gain more insight into the ongoing debate.Clinical trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT 05492461.

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Manconi, Andrea, Nina Jones, Simon Loew, Tazio Strozzi, Rafael Caduff, and Urs Wegmueller. "Monitoring surface deformation with spaceborne radar interferometry in landslide complexes: insights from the Brienz/Brinzauls slope instability, Swiss Alps." Landslides, June 19, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10346-024-02291-z.

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AbstractWe performed an extensive analysis of C-band SAR datasets provided by the European Space Agency (ESA) satellites ERS-1/2, Envisat ASAR, and Sentinel-1 in the period 1992–2020 aiming at reconstructing the multi-decadal spatial and temporal evolution of the surface displacements at the Brienz/Brinzauls landslide complex, located in canton Graubünden (Switzerland). To this end, we analyzed about 1000 SAR images by applying differential interferometry (InSAR), multitemporal stacking, and persistent scatterer interferometry (PSI) approaches. Moreover, we jointly considered digital image correlation (DIC) on high-resolution multi-temporal digital terrain models (DTM) generated from airborne surveys and InSAR results to compute 3-D surface deformation fields. The extensive network of GNSS stations across the Brienz landslide complex allowed us to extensively validate the deformation results obtained in our remote sensing analyses. Here, we illustrate the limitations occurring when relying on InSAR and/or PSI measurements for the analysis and interpretation of complex landslide scenarios, especially in cases of relevant spatial and temporal heterogeneities of the deformation field. The joint use of InSAR and DIC can deliver a better picture of the evolution of the deformation field, however, not for all displacement components. Since InSAR, PSI and DIC measurements are nowadays routinely used in the framework of local investigations, as well as in regional, national, and/or continental monitoring programs, our results are of major importance for users aiming at a comprehensive understanding of these datasets in landslide scenarios.

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Casagrande, Giustina, Marialaura Costantino, Marialavinia Pizzi, Andrea Ambrosini, Carla Colturi, Philipp Grosse, Reto Martin Venzin, Gianvincenzo Melfa, and Silvio Pianca. "#1944 How the patient characteristics and the prescription can be accounted for in patient-specific predictive HD models?" Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 39, Supplement_1 (May 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfae069.773.

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Abstract Background and Aims Compartmental models in HemoDialysis (HD) allow for understanding and predicting the patient-specific response to the treatment. These models, after training with consistent clinical data, can be adapted to each single patient through the estimation of a set of parameters. This work explores the relationship between the sets of estimated parameters and the anamneses of the enrolled patients, together with the settings of the HD sessions, and their time evolution. The finding of similar relationships will help properly set the models even avoiding the training phase. Method The data acquired during the INTERREG InterACTIVE-HD 2.0 observational longitudinal study, in partnership with 5 Italian and Switzerland hospitals (ASSTs Lariana, SetteLaghi, Valtellina e Alto Lario, Regional Hospital of Lugano, and Kantonsspital Graubünden of Chur Dialysis Units), were used (576 sessions). Clinical prescription, machine settings, and blood composition at the start, end, and every hour during the HDs were monitored over 7 months. The parametric multi-compartmental, multi-solute model optimized during the study was used. The patient-specific parameters are: Their default values (literature-based) are: Patient-specific parameters have been identified for each patient, by training the model with 3 session's data. Then the model can be used to predict the patient's response by knowing the clinical data at the beginning of the HD and setting the parameters equal to the mean of the 3 identified values. A correlation analysis between the patient-dependent parameters and the anamneses of the enrolled patients, together with the settings of the HD sessions, has been performed. The optimization orders have been also considered. Results k(K+), k(Urea), and k(Crea) are the first optimized and remain generally of the same magnitude. k(Na+), k(Cl-), k(HCO3-), k(Mg2+), and k(Glu), correlate with the UF rate, the therapy technique, or the concentrations in dialysate bags. They are later optimized and characterized by wider variability in values and optimization orders. k(Ca2+) remains at the default in 98% of the sessions, being optimized last. More convective therapies seem to induce patient-specific variations in active and passive cellular transport for specific solutes. η relevant correlations refer to the dialysate bag composition and the baseline conditions of the patients. They are in general late optimized, in HDF before than in SHD. η(Urea) and η(Crea) in 99% of the cases do not move from the default, suggesting a lower interaction of the non-ionic species with the filter membrane. They are optimized only in non-hypertensive insulin-dependent diabetic patients. No correlation between η and the filter material or the initial serum albumin was instead observed. ρ is related to the therapy; in HDF sessions it is over the range boundaries ([0,10]). For females undergoing SHD, it assumes the highest values (>9). ρ seems also to be affected by the use of beta-blockers (p < 0.01) and antihyperglycemic ((p < 0.01). Ca_buff coefficients for females (higher values) and males are statistically different. Diabetics using anti-hyperglycemia drugs are characterized by lower values. Conclusion Compartmental patient-specific models, if successfully trained become a useful support tool for therapy customization, mainly for ESRD patients with multiple comorbidities. The observed correlations represent the first step to causally relate the values of the modulating parameters with the patient characteristics implying the reduction or amplification of a specific response to the treatment. The next step will be an analysis of combined effects. The final goal is to be able to correctly set up the models even before the training phase is completed.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Graubünden (Switzerland)'

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