Academic literature on the topic 'Grave consequences'
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Journal articles on the topic "Grave consequences"
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Sykes, Leanne M., Liam Robertson, and Herman Bernitz. "Fraudulent records – Grave forensic consequences." South African Dental Journal 75, no. 5 (June 30, 2020): 272–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2519-0105/2020/v75no5a8.
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Natural disasters, fatal accidents, and violent criminal offences are part of everyday life. All of these may result in fatalities that shatter the lives of the victim’s families and friends. Their trauma is compounded by the fact that all unnatural deaths have to be investigated, and the bodies of the deceased positively identified before they can be released to the families for burial. Bodies of victims of violent crimes, fires, drowning, motor vehicle or aviation accidents, work place fatalities or situations where some time has elapsed since death may be so disfigured that “identification by a family member is neither possible or desirable”. Often the nature or degree of the injury may be so extensive that fingerprinting is also not a viable option. DNA analysis may be considered, however it takes time and is a costly procedure. There are also concerns with maintaining strict control over the chain of evidence during all additional procedures and tests. Thus, in these situations the forensic odontologist may be called in as part of the investigative team.
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Montoya, Benjamin C. "“A Grave Offense of Significant Consequences”." Pacific Historical Review 87, no. 2 (2018): 333–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2018.87.2.333.
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Relying on Mexican archival evidence, this article argues that Mexico opposed the U.S. effort to place a quota on Mexican immigration during the late 1920s because pro-quota arguments rested on a presumption of Mexicans’ racially inferiority. The three perspectives of the Mexican government officials Francisco Suástegui, Enrique Santibáñez, and Manuel Gamio demonstrate why Mexicans chaffed at the U.S. quota debate. Each of these perspectives also offers an analytical framework through which historians can understand how Mexican officials hoped the United States and Mexico could resolve the immigration controversy through bilateral negotiation. Finally, these officials’ fears about the quota demonstrate that U.S. immigration policy held significant consequences for diplomatic relations between the United States and Mexico.
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Adams, Kristina M., and Vijayakrishna K. Gadi. "Autoimmunity in CLL: Grave consequences of gravidity?" Leukemia & Lymphoma 47, no. 8 (January 2006): 1445–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10428190600647806.
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Doll, Dietrich, Josef Erkel, Thomas Erhart, and Christian Hönemann. "Perinatal testicular torsion—An emergency with grave consequences." Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 02, no. 01 (2013): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/crcm.2013.21019.
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Kuchkarov, Shokhrukhbek Khursanboy Ugli. "The Negative Consequences Of The Great Massacre During Soviet Colonialism." American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research 03, no. 04 (April 30, 2021): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/volume03issue04-20.
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The article describes the grave consequences of the colonial policy of the Soviet government in our country. It also reveals the negative impact of the cataclysmic policy pursued in the Uzbek SSR in 1937-1938 on our national spirituality and the development of science.
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Peñuelas, Josep, and Jordi Sardans. "The global nitrogen-phosphorus imbalance." Science 375, no. 6578 (January 21, 2022): 266–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abl4827.
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Dettmeijer-Vermeulen, Corinne, and Luuk Esser. "The victim of human trafficking as offender: A combination with grave consequences." Journal of Trafficking and Human Exploitation 1, no. 1 (February 14, 2017): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7590/24522775113.
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de Voogt, Alex, and Vincent Francigny. "Opening a Grave in Antiquity – Formation and Interpretation in the Kingdom of Meroe." Journal of African Archaeology 10, no. 1 (October 25, 2012): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3213/2191-5784-10204.
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During Late Antiquity in the Middle Nile Valley, the cemeteries of the Kingdom of Meroe had their graves visited many times after the first burial took place. Even if robbers left a burial chamber open, it could still be reused soon after for another individual accompanied by a regular funerary ceremony. The term “grave activity” is introduced here to describe any human intervention likely to modify the environment of a tomb. It includes any (re-)opening of the grave related to looting activity or reburial practice. “Grave activity” may affect the structure, the position and presence of one or more bodies as well as the presence (or absence) of funerary deposits. A disturbed grave should be studied by disentangling these activities. This can be achieved with a reconstruction of the chronology and the types of activity as well as the particular consequences of each. While these activities are usually highly confusing to archaeologists, it is shown how a systematic documentation can be used to offer a better understanding and interpretation of Meroitic funerary practices.
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Pillai, Arjun S., Arjun Nayanar, Arushi Chopra, Avinash Suresh, Chilsia Shaffi, Kiran Harikrishnan, Rashmi Kundapur, and Ravi K. "RISK FACTORS AND CONSEQUENCES OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 04, no. 02 (June 2014): 102–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1703773.
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Abstract: Introduction: Alcoholism is the recent trend among college students. Peer pressure,stress,depression are some factors that drive these students to practice this social evil. Under intoxication,consequences are grave. Drunk and driving, road traffic accidents, legal issues, antisocial activities are some of them, that has proved alcoholism a public menace. Objective: To assess the risk factors and consequences of alcohol consumption among adolescents. Materials and Methods: A survey was carried out in the colleges under NITTE University. Students present at the day and time of visit were covered. A questionnaire was prepared comprising of a set of 14 questions covering the main objective of the survey. The students were asked to fill the questionnaire irrespective of their gender or whether they consume alcohol or not. Results: From the survey, we found that social gatherings and lifestyle adaptation are major factors that prompt students to consume alcohol. Peer pressure,stress and parents influence are other factors.The consequences observed are legal issues and family problems. But majority didn't seem to face any grave problems due to alcohol intoxication. Conclusions: According to our study, more than 55% of the subjects that consume alcohol do so due to peer pressure, academic stress and emotional stress. Also, more than quarter of those consuming alcohol are involved in road traffic accidents and other legal issues, as well as having familial problems.
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Lock, Charles. "Till Death Did Him Part: Thomas Hardy and his Funerals." European Journal of Life Writing 9 (July 6, 2020): LW&D132—LW&D150. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/ejlw.9.36903.
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This essay considers Hardy’s two funerals—for his ashes at Poets’ Corner, for his heart at Stinsford—in the light of their consequences for life-writing: the absence of a single resting-place, and the narrative demands of synchronicity in telling of two funerals. This division of the body was the consequence of an extraordinary lack of precision in Hardy’s own will, the composition, wording and interpretation of which are examined here in some detail. Attention is also paid to the single grave at Stinsford that holds the remains of Hardy and both his wives in diverse modalities of the invisible.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Grave consequences"
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King, John McAdams. "Grave consequences : the creation of Anglo-Saxon social relations through the use of grave goods." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365536.
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Davidson, Stephanie. "Grave Consequences for Youths at the Hands of Cyber-bullying." UOIT, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10155/50.
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Cameron, Calla. "Grave Breaches: American Military Intervention in the Late Twentieth- Century and the Consequences for International Law." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1677.
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The duality of the United States’ relationship with international criminal law and human rights atrocities is a fascinating theme that weaves through all of American history, but most distinctly demonstrates the contradictory nature of American foreign policy in the latter half of the 20th century. America is both protector of human rights and perpetrator of human rights atrocities, global police force and aggressor. The Cold War exacerbated the tensions caused by American military dominance. The international political and physical power of the American military allowed the United States to do as it pleased in the 20th century with few consequences, but that power also brought watchfulness from the global community and an expectation that the United States would intervene when rogue states or leaders committed crimes against humanity. The international legal community has expected the United States to act and illegally intervene in some situations, but to pursue policy changes peacefully through diplomatic channels on other occasions.
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Evans, Vickie Denise. "The affective consequences of grade retention." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2001. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0329101-163413/restricted/evans0420.pdf.
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Kontoudakis, Nikolaos. "Grape phenolic maturity; determination methods and consequences on wine phenolic composition." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8687.
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El objetivo de esta tesis ha sido abordar un estudio sobre la madurez fenólica de las uvas tintas, su influencia sobre la composición fenólica de los vinos y sus implicaciones sensoriales, así como sobre la aplicación de algunos sistemas para compensar la falta o exceso de madurez de las uvas. Se comparó la eficacia de 3 métodos para determinar la madurez fenólica (Glories, ITV, Cromoenos) y la influencia de la heterogeneidad en la madurez fenólica de la uva en el momento óptimo de cosecha. Una vez obtenidos estos objetivos se estudió la posibilidad de aprovechamiento de uva verde procedente de los aclareos para disminuir simultáneamente el grado alcohólico y pH. Finalmente, se estudió la influencia del pH sobre la eficacia de la micro-oxigenación. Los resultados presentan que la medición correcta de la madurez fenólica es útil para adaptar las técnicas de vinificación a las condiciones que permitan obtener vinos equilibrados.The objective of this thesis was to study the phenolic maturity of the red grapes, their influence on wine phenolic composition and sensory implications, as well as on the implementation of some winemaking techniques to compensate the lack or excess of grapes maturity. We compared the effectiveness of three methods to determine the phenolic maturity (Glories, ITV, Cromoenos) and the influence of heterogeneity on the phenolic maturity degree of the grapes at the optimum time of harvest. Once we reached those objectives, we studied the possibility of using unripe grapes harvested during cluster thinning to reduce simultaneously both alcohol content and pH. Finally, we studied the influence of pH on the effectiveness of micro-oxygenation. The results show that the correct measurement of phenolic ripeness is useful to adapt winemaking techniques for obtaining well balanced wines.
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Sunny, B. S. "Age-for-grade heterogeneity and primary school dropout in Karonga district, northern Malawi : causes and consequences." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2018. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/4646628/.
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Age-for-grade, a marker for school progression, is defined as the extent to which pupils are underage or overage for their grade. This thesis explores the causes and consequences of age-for-grade heterogeneity and its influences on school dropout and life transitions. Data for the analyses originate from a demographic surveillance site in a population of about 36,000 in Karonga district, northern Malawi. Linked surveys include data on socio-economic status, schooling, sexual behaviour, pregnancy and marriage. The first paper examines the effects of growth faltering (low height-for-age or stunting) in early (11-17 months) and late childhood (4-8years) on school outcomes (age at enrolment, age-for-grade at age 11 and grade repetition) to explore early causes of delayed enrolment and poor school progression. The main reason for being overage-for-grade is grade repetition. The second paper uses cross-sectional data on 8174 children in 2010, to examine the prevalence and risk factors (individual, household and school-level) for grade repetition in the following year. Using longitudinal data from 2007-2015, the third paper examines the relationship between age-for-grade and primary school dropout, with school completion as a competing event. The median age of dropout for girls is 19, with almost 90% still enrolled at age 15. Those overage were more likely to drop out of school than those on track, with girls having a higher rate of dropout than boys. The fourth paper shows that girls who were sexually active, as early as age 14, were five times more likely to drop out, while sexually active boys were twice as likely to drop out of school, compared to their sexually inactive peers. This was not explained by underlying poor school performance: the association with sexual debut and dropout was as strong among those on track in school as among those 3 or more years behind. In a companion paper, the opposite relationship is examined. Being out of school was strongly associated with increased rates of pregnancy, of sexual debut for girls not boys, and of marriage for girls and boys. Age-for-grade as early as age 10 predicted age of pregnancy and marriage.
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Blomquist, Caroline. "Metabolic consequences of a Paleolithic diet in obese postmenopausal women." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-143133.
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Background Obesity, in particular abdominal adiposity, is associated with elevated fatty acids and pro-inflammatory adipokines, which are linked to ectopic fat storage and insulin resistance. During menopause, there is a redistribution of fat from the peripheral to abdominal depots. This transition is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. We hypothesized that a Paleolithic diet, with high proportions of lean meat, fish, vegetables, fruits, and oils, but devoid of dairy products and cereals, might have long-term beneficial effects on inflammation, fat metabolism, and circulating fatty acids. These effects might potentially reduce the risk of metabolic complications in postmenopausal women that are obese. Methods Postmenopausal women with obesity were studied before, after six months, and after 24 months of one of two specified ad libitum diets. One diet was a Paleolithic diet, in which approximately 30% of the total energy (E%) was protein, 30 E% was fat, and 40 E% was carbohydrate. The other diet was a prudent control diet, consistent with Nordic Nutrition recommendations of 15 E% protein, 25 E% fat, and 55 E% carbohydrate. Dietary intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids and protein were validated objectively by measuring circulating and urinary biomarkers. Anthropometrics and diet reports were analyzed, and abdominal subcutaneous fat samples were evaluated for the expression of proteins key in inflammation and fat metabolism and for lipoprotein lipase mass and activity. In addition, blood samples were analyzed to determine concentrations of specific serum proteins, serum lipids, and the fatty acids carried in cholesterol esters. Results The Paleolithic diet group reported reduced intakes of saturated fatty acids and carbohydrates and elevated intakes of protein and unsaturated fatty acids, compared to baseline. The elevated intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids and protein were objectively verified for this group. After 24 months, both diets were found to have beneficial effects on the expression of inflammation-related genes in adipose tissue and pro-inflammatory factors in the circulation. Compared to the control group, the Paleolithic diet group exhibited more pronounced reductions of circulating cardiometabolic risk factors, including the ratio of triglycerides to high density lipoprotein, lipogenic index, specific fatty acids, and indices of desaturase activities. After six months, the Paleolithic group also exhibited more pronounced reductions in lipogenesis-promoting factors, including the expression of key proteins in fat synthesis, the activity of lipoprotein lipase, and the activity of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1, compared to the control group. Conclusion Long-term weight loss in postmenopausal obese women was accompanied by reductions in low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue and in the circulation. In addition, a Paleolithic diet, with a high content of unsaturated fatty acids and a low content of refined carbohydrates, appeared to provide greater reductions in cardiometabolic risk factors associated with insulin resistance and lipogenesis, compared to a prudent control diet.Bakgrund De senaste decennierna har förekomsten av övervikt och fetma ökat kraftigt i stora delar av världen. Detta beror på en kombination av olika faktorer såsom specifika gener vilka främjar fettinlagring, men kanske främst ett överintag av energirik mat i kombination med minskad fysisk aktivitet. Fetma och specifikt bukfetma, vilket tilltar hos kvinnor efter klimakteriet (postmenopausala), ökar risken för höjda blodfettsnivåer och låggradig inflammation, vilket kan leda till utveckling av typ 2-diabetes samt hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar. Kost och viktnedgång är avgörande för bibehållen hälsa och av stort intresse är att urbefolkningar runt om i världen har låg förekomst av fetma, diabetes, hjärt- och kärlsjukdom, troligtvis kopplat till olika livsstilsfaktorer som högre fysisk aktivitet samt kostfaktorer. Syfte Vårt syfte var att undersöka metabola förändringar i fettväv och cirkulation hos postmenopausala kvinnor med fetma kopplat till en 24 månaders paleolitisk kostintervention. Den paleolitiska kosten, som ingick i studien består av en hög andel magert kött, fisk, grönsaker, frukt, nötter, oliv- och rapsolja och där mjölkprodukter och spannmål är uteslutna. Vår hypotes var att en paleolitisk kost med hög andel protein och omättade fettsyror har fördelaktiga långtidseffekter på inflammation, fettmetabolism och cirkulerande fettsyror jämfört med en kost baserad på Nordiska näringsrekommendationer med ett högt intag av kolhydrater. Metoder Postmenopausala kvinnor med fetma studerades före, vid sex månader och efter 24 månaders intag, utan energirestriktioner, av antingen en paleolitisk kost eller en kost enligt Nordiska näringsrekommendationer. Kroppsmätningar, kostregistreringar, genuttryck av nyckelproteiner i inflammation och fettmetabolism i fettväv samt koncentrationer av blodfetter, specifika proteiner och fettsyror bestämdes i plasma. Resultat I linje med rekommendationerna så rapporterade gruppen som åt den paleolitiska kosten ett minskat intag av mättat fett och kolhydrater samt ett ökat intag av protein och omättat fett jämfört med baslinjenivåerna. Det ökade intaget av fleromättade fettsyror och protein bekräftades med objektiva mätmetoder. Efter 24 månaders intervention uppvisade båda grupperna en jämförbar viktnedgång och en minskning av flertalet proinflammatoriska faktorer i såväl fettväv som i cirkulation. Den grupp som åt paleolitisk kost uppvisade en kraftigare reduktion av cirkulerande kardiometabola riskfaktorer som index för fettsyntes och desaturaser, specifika fettsyror samt kvoten triglycerider till HDL (high density lipoprotein). Efter sex månader bidrog den paleolitiska kosten också till en mer påtaglig minskning av faktorer involverade i fettinlagring, som uttryck av specifika nyckelproteiner i fettsyntes, aktivitet för lipoprotein lipas och stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 index jämfört med kontrollkosten. Slutsatser En långvarig viktminskning hos postmenopausala kvinnor med fetma åtföljs av en minskad låggradig inflammation i fettväv och i cirkulation. En paleolitisk kost med hög andel omättade fettsyror och låga halt kolhydrater är kopplat till en kraftigare minskning av riskparametrar för insulinresistens och nyckelfaktorer för fettinlagring jämfört med en kontrollkost enligt Nordiska näringsrekommendationer.
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Edvardsson, Tanja. "Consequences of brain tumours from the perspective of the patients and of their next of kin." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Hälsoakademin, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-1742.
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A disease has consequences not only for the afflicted person but also for those who interact with him or her. A low-grade glioma is a brain tumour whose regarding its psychosocial implications for adult patients and their next of kin has received little attention in the literature. In the light of this the overall aim of the present thesis was to provide increased knowledge about how patients with low-grade glioma and their next of kin experience and deal with everyday life. The methods of the studies were mainly qualitative. Thirty-nine patients and 28 next of kin were interviewed and all except one next of kin completed a quality of life questionnaire. The onset of low-grade glioma was described from the patients’ perspective as a process, either rapid (up to a few months) or prolonged over several years. This phase of low-grade glioma encompassed repeated visits to physicians and care institutions. The onset of low-grade glioma was accompanied by stress, anxiety and uncertainty in the case of both the patients and those nearest. The symptoms and problems the patients experienced covered a broad range of consequences, physical, psychological and social. The patients presented a wide range of ways to cope with illness-related problems. The next of kin were often deeply involved in the patients’ situation and many of them experienced extremely stressful emotions mainly in the early period of the illness. They had experience of positive encounters in health care but more often they had had a sense both of powerlessness and of being invisible and neglected. Relations and roles changed in ways that mostly were experienced as negative. Enabling strength in everyday life had to do with alleviation of strain and having a positive outlook upon life. By means of the questionnaire Subjective estimation of Quality of Life (SQoL) the patients and those nearest estimated their quality of life as being comparatively high. Only one variable, among the patients the absence of work/meaningful occupation and among the next of kin the absence of own children, being estimated at below 60% of the maximum score.
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Chester-d'Albertis, Lynn Marie. "Consequences of no child left behind how retention impacts learning gains on the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test in a Northwest Florida school district /." [Pensacola, Fla.] : University of West Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/WFE0000096.
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Scott, Jean Weekley. "An analysis of the relationship between self-esteem, social support, grade point average, and consequences of alcohol use for college students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or learning disabilities /." View abstract, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3220618.
Full textBooks on the topic "Grave consequences"
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Thurlo, David. Grave consequences. Thorndike, Maine: Center Point Large Print, 2015.
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Cameron, Dana. Grave consequences: An Emma Fielding mystery. Rollinsford, N.H: Beeler Large Print, 2002.
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Cameron, Dana. Grave consequences: An Emma Fielding mystery. New York: Avon Books, 2002.
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Cameron, Dana. Grave consequences: An Emma Fielding mystery. New York, N.Y: Avon Books, 2002.
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Nigro, Giampiero, ed. Le crisi finanziarie. Gestione, implicazioni sociali e conseguenze nell’età preindustriale / The Financial Crises. Their Management, Their Social Implications and Their Consequences in Pre-Industrial Times. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-949-8.
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L'attuale crisi finanziaria e la crisi monetaria dell'Unione Europea degli ultimi anni hanno condotto a una serie di studi analitici e altre pubblicazioni con un quadro di riferimento storico che, tuttavia, raramente va oltre il XIX e il XX secolo. Studi analoghi che si occupano di crisi finanziarie in tempi premoderni sono rari, tanto più quando si tratta di strategie di gestione delle crisi, delle conseguenze sociali e dello sfondo di queste crisi. Il volume si articola dunque intorno a questi temi principali: l’analisi delle crisi finanziarie, il ruolo dei (re)attori, la gestione delle crisi e il ruolo delle istituzioni. Sono qui presentati i risultati di ricerca del progetto bandito dalla Fondazione Istituto di Storia Economica “F. Datini” nel 2013 che si era posto come obiettivo, partendo da un approccio teorico sulle cause e i percorsi delle crisi finanziarie e le loro conseguenze economiche e sociali nel contesto dello sviluppo economico, quello di dimostrare o negare la significatività delle "teorie sulle crisi" del periodo pre-industriale. Se le conseguenze economiche delle crisi finanziarie sono ben note (i fallimenti delle imprese, le crisi commerciali e la depressione, le inadempienze e i crolli nelle reti dei pagamenti senza contanti, e la loro influenza sull’intero ciclo economico delle economie prese in considerazione), più sfumata risulta la visione del comportamento dell'individuo, o dell’intera società, che agisce economicamente in tempi di crisi finanziaria. Negli ultimi anni, il dibattito scientifico si è concentrato sulla questione di come agiscono o reagiscono gli homines oeconomici durante le crisi finanziarie. Dal punto di vista di casi studio del periodo pre-industriale, diventa chiaro che il ruolo dell'individuo è sostanzialmente più importante e grave sia per l’occorrenza della crisi sia per i tentativi di superarla, più di quanto appaia (ammesso che appaia) da ricerche precedenti. Infine, i contributi hanno indagato sulla gestione delle crisi in tempi di turbolenze finanziarie. L'analisi della gestione delle crisi in epoca pre-industriale può costituire infatti un essenziale passo avanti nella nostra comprensione della gestione della crisi attuale.
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Education, Ontario Ministry of. Basic English: Crime and consequences : grade 10 curriculum resources unit. Toronto: Ontario Ministry of Education, 1990.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Grave consequences"
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Akiyama, Nobumasa. "AI Nuclear Winter or AI That Saves Humanity? AI and Nuclear Deterrence." In Robotics, AI, and Humanity, 161–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54173-6_13.
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AbstractNuclear deterrence is an integral aspect of the current security architecture and the question has arisen whether adoption of AI will enhance the stability of this architecture or weaken it. The stakes are very high. Stable deterrence depends on a complex web of risk perceptions. All sorts of distortions and errors are possible, especially in moments of crisis. AI might contribute toward reinforcing the rationality of decision-making under these conditions (easily affected by the emotional disturbances and fallacious inferences to which human beings are prone), thereby preventing an accidental launch or unintended escalation. Conversely, judgments about what does or does not suit the “national interest” are not well suited to AI (at least in its current state of development). A purely logical reasoning process based on the wrong values could have disastrous consequences, which would clearly be the case if an AI-based machine were allowed to make the launch decision (this virtually all experts would emphatically exclude), but grave problems could similarly arise if a human actor relied too heavily on AI input.
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Tomuschat, Christian. "The Illusion of Perfect Justice." In Remedies against Immunity?, 55–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62304-6_3.
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AbstractThe judgment of the Italian Constitutional Court (ItCC) of 22 October 2014 has set a bad precedent for international law by denying the implementation, within Italy, of the judgment of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) of 3 February 2012. The ICJ found that Italian courts and tribunals had violated German jurisdictional immunity by entertaining suits brought by Italian citizens against Germany on account of damages caused by war crimes committed during World War II by German occupation forces. According to a well-consolidated rule of general international law, no state may be sued before the courts of another state with regard to acts performed in the exercise of its sovereign power. In contravention of Article 94 of the UN Charter, the ItCC deemed it legitimate to discard that ruling because of the particularly grave character of many of the violations in question. It proceeded from the assumption that the right to a remedy established under the Italian Constitution was absolute and must apply even where the financial settlement of the consequences of armed conflict is at issue. However, it has failed to show the existence of any individual reparation claims and has omitted to assess the issue of war reparations owed by Germany in their broader complexity. The judgment of the ItCC might be used in the future as a pretext to ignore decisions of the World Court.
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Frassetto, Lynda, R. Curtis Morris, Karen Todd, and Anthony Sebastian. "Chronic Low-Grade Metabolic Acidosis in Normal Adult Humans: Pathophysiology and Consequences." In Women’s Health and Menopause, 15–23. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-585-37973-9_3.
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Graf, Walter H. "Flow resistance over a gravel bed: Its consequence on initial sediment movement." In Fluvial Hydraulics of Mountain Regions, 15–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0011179.
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Talukdar, Debasish, and Tapan Kumar Das. "Sand and Gravel Mining and its Consequences on Morphometry of Raidak-II River in Eastern Dooars, India." In River Health and Ecology in South Asia, 357–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83553-8_16.
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Mittal, Oleksandra, Trude Nilsen, and Julius K. Björnsson. "Measuring Equity Across the Nordic Education Systems—Conceptual and Methodological Choices as Implications for Educational Policies." In Equity, Equality and Diversity in the Nordic Model of Education, 43–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61648-9_3.
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AbstractEver since international large-scale student assessments made it possible to rank countries according to their equitability, Nordic countries have topped these rankings. Nevertheless, a decline in equity has been reported lately. However, the process of empirical enquiry that leads to specific inferences on equity partly stays obscure to education decision-makers. This unawareness of the boundaries of specific methodological and analytical approaches may lead to wrong interpretations and policy implications. Therefore, our aim is to discuss and empirically illustrate how the array of choices taken throughout the research process, from equity conceptualization and operationalization to its measurement, may affect the inferences on educational equity for Nordic countries. Our sample includes fourth- and eighth-grade students from Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Finland who participated in TIMSS 2015. We applied two-level multigroup regression models within the structural equation modelling framework to investigate the sensitivity of the countries’ level of equity to: (a) operationalization of the socioeconomic status measure; (b) operationalization of equity or, in other words, the method of analysis employed (e.g., bivariate analysis versus univariate); (c) single-level against multilevel analytical approaches; (d) the grade/age of students; and (e) the choice of the learning outcome across subject domains. Prior to the analyses, we estimated the comparability of SES as a latent construct between Nordic countries. Our results confirmed that some of the most common choices to measure educational equity do matter. Thus, we would encourage a researcher to report elaborately on the research process and inform on its limitations because if interpreted wrongly, it may have unfavourable consequences for a particular group of individuals.
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Bygren, Magnus. "What you see is not always what you get: imperfect information in the job-worker matching process, and its consequences for the attainment of occupational prestige." In Cradle to Grave, 160–83. sociologypress, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315074610-8.
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"The Dark Side of Digital Culture." In Metamodernism and Changing Literacy, 77–105. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3534-9.ch004.
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Technology presents the hope of solving many practical problems through scientific advancement; however, the rapid technological revolution gives rise to obvious concerns as well as issues and consequences yet to become clear. This chapter explores some of the problems and grave matters arising as we move toward ubiquitous computing in digital culture. Widespread use of networked applications creates new risks and vulnerabilities, changes education and communication, and some predict may even jolt our human psyche. Our homes, workplaces, and communities are predicted to be dramatically altered in the future by technology. Examination of various ramifications brought by digital innovation is essential for the future and illustrates the need for metaliteracy in formal and informal settings.
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Rowlands, Mark. "Welcome to Venus?" In World on Fire, 41–64. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197541890.003.0003.
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This chapter examines the reasons for thinking that anthropogenic climate change—planetary-level warming caused by human activity—is real. The science underlying the idea of anthropogenic global warming is explained. Several different forms of skepticism about climate change are explained and ultimately found to be lacking. The idea of a tipping cascade, and the consequent possibility of runaway warming, is explained. The ability to predict the ultimate severity of global warming relies on knowledge that we do not yet possess. Nevertheless, it is argued that, even if we adopt relatively conservative assumptions, it is very likely that global warming is going to have grave consequences, both for humans and for the rest of the natural world.
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Collins, Jeremy, and Brita M. Mittal. "Difficult airway management." In Oxford Textbook of Anaesthesia for the Obese Patient, edited by Ashish C. Sinha, 207–12. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757146.003.0021.
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Difficult airway management in the morbidly obese population is an important topic as the physiological changes of obesity can lead to grave consequences when oxygenation is not rapidly established following anaesthetic induction. The correlation between elevated body mass index and direct laryngoscopy is unclear, probably because excess adipose tissue has a variable distribution among morbidly obese patients. The reader will be able to identify the subset of morbidly obese patients where difficult airway management is indeed expected. In such patients, optimizing modifiable factors such as preoxygenation, apnoeic oxygenation, positioning, and minimizing atelectasis is of primary importance. Alternative strategies for tracheal intubation other than direct laryngoscopy are discussed in this chapter, as well as safe extubation strategies for the difficult airway.
Conference papers on the topic "Grave consequences"
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Lee, Jin, Sang Hwan Kim, Jung Kwan Seo, and Jeom Kee Paik. "Water Deluge System Design for Fire Fighting." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54717.
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The ships and offshore structures are exposed to inherently the risk of fire and explosion. These fire and explosion, accident caused by grave consequences not only to the ships and offshore platforms on the sea but the environment all mankind. The aim of this paper is to focus on an optimization of water deluge and mist spray system locations subjected to jet on the ships and offshore platforms. A trustworthy set of fire scenarios is identified and classified using probabilistic sampling methods calling for Latin Hyper Sampling. These events of fire are numerically calculated for selected scenarios by the computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) code using a KFX. The Water Deluge Location Index (WLI) is then calculated by using the frequency and consequence of fire scenarios. And then, WLI are utilized to prioritize the optimal locations of water deluge and mist spray systems. The recommended methodology believes that can increase to certainties in the design procedure of unreliability and can regard the cost-effectiveness of safety design.
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Woo, D. G., Q. J. Lee, W. P. Park, C. Y. Ko, D. Lim, H. S. Kim, and B. Y. Lee. "Relationship Between Obesity and Osteopenia in Lumbar Spines of Rats Using Mechanical and Morphological Studies." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192537.
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Obesity (OB) and osteopenia (OP), grave consequences for human health, quality of life, and even the efficiency of the labor force and economy, are two common complex diseases. Two public health problems have exploded in prevalence over the past decade [1]. OB, now a major epidemic in the developed world and frequent among elderly subjects, is a condition of excessive body fat that causes or exacerbates several risk of developing non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, cancer and other diseases [2]. OP is defined as a systemic skeletal disease caused by low bone mass and microstructural deterioration of the bone.
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Childs, Dara W., and Nameer A. Siddiqui. "Rotordynamics Involving Axial Rubbing Against a Disk." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/vib-21383.
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Abstract Test results are presented involving axial rubbing of a test rotor with an overhung disk to investigate test results cited by Den Hartog [1]. Point rubbing was introduced via a rod on the inside (motor-drive side) and outside faces of the overhung disk for multiple operating conditions (running speeds below and above the critical speed) and multiple shaft configurations. For supercritical running speeds, no change in the response spectrum was observed. For subcritical running speeds, a slight increase of response at twice running speed was observed. “Face” axial rubbing was introduced by forcing a contact between the outside face of the disk and a flat surface. Rubbing at running speeds below the critical speed produced: (i) a small backwards component at the running speed frequency, (ii) a large backward-whirl component at twice running speed, and (iii) a very large, twice-running-speed, forward-whirl component. Rubbing at running speeds well above the critical speed produced a subsynchronous forward component near the critical speed. The large twice-running-speed results due to rubbing at the outside face were comparable to Den Hartog’s. However, point rubbing on the inside face did not produce the subsynchronous backward-whirl response cited by Den Hartog. Analysis of a nonslipping kinematic whirl condition (comparable to classical dry friction whipping) for the face of an overhung disk against a stationary surface predicts reverse asynchronous whirl; however, testing over a wide range of parameters failed to produce this response. None of the present test results produced the types of very high vibration levels and grave consequences that have been produced in test rigs for conventional, radial dry-friction whirl and whip.
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Gao, Jian, Yihui Wang, Li Tang, Yu Lei, and Lin Qin. "Methods of RBI Consequences Grade for Gas Stations." In International Conference on Pipelines and Trenchless Technology. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412619.146.
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Kockelmann, Hans, and Rolf Hahn. "Consequences of the German TA Luft for Bolted Flange Connections and Valves in Industrial Plants." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71282.
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The high grade performance of gaskets for bolted flange connections in terms of TA Luft and VDI guideline 2440 assumes the fulfilment of the following requirements: Long-term suitability of the gasket particularly with regard to the exposure to the operating temperature and the medium; this requires the investigation of the long-term behaviour, e.g. according to DIN 28090-2 and DIN 28090-3 The design of flange connections (strength and tightness proof) on the basis of realistic gasket characteristics determined experimentally, e. g. according to DIN 28090-1 or prEN 13555 Compliance with the specific leakage rate of 10-4 mbar 1 / (s·m) in a type test at 1 bar test pressure. Similar requirements are effective for packings of stuffing boxes, in which the type test is carried out under more intensive boundary conditions compared to the flange connections: real operating pressure and stem strokes. In the frame of a research project sponsored by the German chemical industry a choice of gaskets were tested which cover all gasket types in the European gasket standard EN 1514 part 1 to 7. The gasket types were classified in view of their high grade performance potential. Similar investigations and analyses were carried out for standard packings for stuffing boxes. These results and their consequences are presented. In addition to the explicitly mentioned requirements in VDI 2440 further requirements should be seen as important in view of the assurance of high grade performance: Quality control during gasket production This can be ensured by manufacturers quality management and by compliance with requirements of corresponding quality standards, e.g. DIN 28091 (an European quality standard (prEN 14772) for gaskets is in preparation) Controlled assembly, which is necessary to realise the design assembly bolt load with limited scattering High grade performance proof of gaskets, more correctly of gasketed bolted flange connections has to be regarded as a complex matter in opposition to common interpretations and involves more than just the compliance with a certain leakage rate criterion of a special type test.
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Dias, Amanda Gaio, Jaqueline Guinallia Verona, Larissa Ramos de Lima e. Silva, Letícia Marsari Pereira, and Samira Coladão dos Santos. "RELAÇÃO ENTRE DOENÇA DE KAWASAKI E SÍNDROME INFLAMATÓRIA MULTISSISTÊMICA EM CRIANÇAS ASSOCIADA À COVID-19: EVOLUÇÃO E CONDUTA." In Congresso Online Brasileiro de Medicina. CONGRESSE ME, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54265/xiln8372.
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No mundo todo foi observada uma aceleração da incidência de COVID-19, que brevemente evoluiu para uma emergência na saúde global. Em crianças, a infecção pelo novo coronavírus da Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave (SARS-CoV-2) geralmente se apresenta de forma assintomática ou sintomática branda, sendo 1 a 5% os casos sintomáticos. No entanto, uma minoria evolui para sintomáticos graves desenvolvendo o que a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) chamou de Síndrome Inflamatória Multissistêmica em crianças (MIS-C), a qual possui características semelhantes à Doença de Kawasaki (DK), uma doença rara e grave com potencial de morbidade persistente, tanto em aspecto fisiológico imunomediado quanto em sinais clínicos, podendo levar a cardiopatias graves, exigindo desse modo cuidados intensivos. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar uma revisão de literatura que demonstra a relação entre a DK e a Síndrome Inflamatória Multissistêmica desencadeada por COVID-19 em crianças, explicitando sua gravidade e a necessidade de intervenção adequada, e a partir disso compreender sua dimensão no contexto atual da pandemia de SARS-CoV2. Com o intuito de ampliar a compreensão das possíveis explicações e implicações de tal relação, foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e UpToDate, incluindo artigos nos idiomas português e inglês entre os anos de 2020 e 2021. A desregulação imunológica que ocorre na MIS-C e na DK mostra semelhança quanto à evolução clínica, afetando muitos órgãos e sistemas e sendo potencialmente grave, constituindo portanto a MIS-C como uma possível DK rara e complicada. Há constantes avanços dos métodos diagnósticos e de tratamentos, com preconização de terapias medicamentosas como a administração de imunoglobulina intravenosa (IgIV), a qual diminuiu drasticamente a frequência do desenvolvimento de aneurismas e a mortalidade. As complicações a longo prazo ainda não são totalmente conhecidas, mas há evidências de distúrbios no sistema cardiovascular, renal e pulmonar, com claro risco de óbito caso o quadro não seja rapidamente reconhecido. Significativas pesquisas acerca do tema têm sido desenvolvidas para a faixa etária pediátrica, sendo crescente a elucidação da relação entre a Síndrome Inflamatória Multissistêmica e a DK. Contudo é reforçada a importância do diagnóstico precoce da MIS-C e a implicação de intervenções terapêuticas de alto poder resolutivo, em busca do tratamento definitivo e a fim de evitar as complicações e consequente mortalidade associada à gravidade da doença. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Coronavírus, Criança, Inflamação, Síndrome de linfonodos mucocutâneos
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Pickering, Ed, and Harry Bhadeshia. "The Consequences of Macroscopic Segregation on the Transformation Behaviour of a Pressure-Vessel Steel." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97097.
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It is important that the material used to produce high-integrity pressure vessels has homogeneous properties which are reproducible and within specification. Most heavy pressure vessels comprise large forgings derived from ingots, and are consequently affected by the chemical segregation that occurs during ingot casting. Of particular concern are the compositional variations that arise from macrosegregation, such as the channels of enriched material commonly referred to as A-segregates. By causing corresponding variations in microstructure, the segregation may be detrimental to mechanical properties. Given the scale of the pressure vessel casting, the segregation cannot be removed by practically feasible heat treatments. Here we describe an investigation on the consequences of macrosegregation on the development of microstructure in a pressure-vessel steel, SA508 Grade 3. It is demonstrated that the kinetics of transformation are sensitive to the segregation, resulting in a dramatic spatial variations in microstructure. It is likely therefore that some of the scatter in mechanical properties as observed for such pressure vessels can be attributed to macroscopic casting-induced chemical segregation.
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De Sena, Idna Lara Goes. "RELAÇÃO ENTRE O INFLAMASSOMA E A COVID-19 GRAVE." In I Congresso Brasileiro de Imunologia On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/986.
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INTRODUÇÃO: O inflamassoma é um complexo multiproteico formado no citosol em resposta aos PAMPs e DAMPs. Sua função é gerar as formas ativas das citocinas IL-1β e IL-18 que, antes de serem liberadas das células, são clivadas pela caspase-1, tornando-se ativas para promoverem a resposta inflamatória. A ativação do inflamassoma tem como consequência a piroptose, uma forma inflamatória de morte celular programada de macrófagos caracterizada pelo inchaço das células, perda da integridade da membrana plasmática e liberação de citocinas pró-inflamatórias (IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α, IL-6 e IL-8). OBJETIVO: Avaliar o papel do inflamassoma na COVID-19. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Para realizar a coleta das informações, foram consideradas publicações no idioma inglês que abordassem o tema “Ativação dos inflamassomas na COVID-19” na plataforma MEDLINE (PubMed). Foram usadas as seguintes palavras-chave: “COVID-19”, “inflammasomes”, “inflammation”, “innate immunity”. RESULTADOS: Os estudos estão em acordo acerca da relação entre a magnitude da ativação do inflamassoma e a COVID-19 grave. Os autores relatam que a defesa inicial inata é importante na resposta dos pacientes contra o SARS-CoV-2. Porém, o encontro de níveis elevados de caspase-1, de IL-1β e de IL-18, estão associados à gravidade da doença e ao desfecho clínico insatisfatório. A piroptose desencadeada pela infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 e a consequente liberação de LDH e de citocinas pró-inflamatórias, detectados no soro dos pacientes, sugere envolvimento do inflamassoma na tempestade de citocinas. Além disso, pacientes com a forma grave da doença contêm um número maior do inflamassoma de NLRP3, indicando presença de inflamassomas ativos em casos letais de COVID-19. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados sugerem que os inflamassomas participam da fisiopatologia da COVID-19. No entanto, ainda é necessária a determinação dos mecanismos exatos pelos quais o SARS-CoV-2 aciona o inflamassoma, pois esse complexo multiproteico pode ser um marcador valioso da gravidade da doença e um potencial alvo para estratégias terapêuticas eficazes contra a COVID-19.
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Chauvy, Ce´dric, Lionel Coudreuse, and Patrick Toussaint. "Potential Detrimental Consequences of Excessive PWHT on Pressure Vessel Steel Properties." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25274.
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During fabrication of Pressure Vessels, steels undergo several heat treatments that aim to confer the required properties on the entire equipment, including welds and base metal. Indeed, the Quality heat treatment of the base material, which leads to achieve the target properties, is most of the time followed by Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT). The aim of such treatments is to insure a good behaviour of the welded zones in terms of residual stresses and obviously properties such as toughness. Generally, many simulated PWHT (up to 4 or more) are required for the testing of the base material, which can affect its properties and even lead to non acceptable results. In some cases for fabrication purposes an intermediate Stress relieving treatment can be required. Special attention is paid on C-Mn steels (e.g. SA/A516 from ASME BPV Code) with the effect of thickness and Ceq (IIW Carbon equivalent formula: see page 3) requirements on the final compromise between properties and heat treatments. In particular, toughness and UTS are the critical parameters that will limit the acceptance of too high PWHT. Although micro-alloying is a mean to increase the resistance to PWHT, this leads to difficulties in softening the heat affected zones. This solution is therefore not the best one considering the whole equipment optimisation. Finally, the manufacturing process can play a major role when specifications are stringent. Quenching and tempering can indeed provide better flexibility in terms of PWHT and improved toughness for given Ceq and thickness. The case of Cr-Mo(-V) steels, which are widely used in the energy industry, is also addressed. Indeed, PWHT requirements for increasing the toughness in the weld metal can lead to decrease the base metal properties below the specification limits. For example, the case of SA/A387gr11 is very typical of metallurgical changes that can occur during these high PWHT leading to a degradation of toughness in the base metal. Another focus is made on the Vanadium Cr-Mo grade SA/A542D that must withstand very high PWHT (705°C and even 710°C) because of welds toughness issues. Optimisation has therefore to be done to increase the resistance to softening and to guarantee acceptable microstructure, especially in the case of thick wall vessels. Some ways for improvement are proposed on the basis of the equivalent LMP tempering parameter concept. The basic philosophy is to fulfil the need for discussion between companies involved in pressure vessels fabrication so that the best compromise can be found to ensure the best and safest behaviour of the equipment as a whole.
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Cavalcanti, Pedro Quaranta Alves, Giovanna Rolim Pinheiro Lima, Beatriz Vieira Loiola Coutinho, Idna Lara Goes De Sena, and Silvia Fernandes Ribeiro Da Silva. "COVID-19 E COINFECÇÃO POR ASPERGILLUS SPP: UMA REVISÃO LITERÁRIA." In I Congresso Nacional de Microbiologia Clínica On-Line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/1162.
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Introdução: A Aspergilose Pulmonar Invasiva (API), ocasionada pelo fungo Aspergillus spp, é uma doença de elevada morbimortalidade em pacientes com comprometimento do sistema imunológico. Estudos têm mostrado o risco de pacientes com COVID-19 desenvolver coinfecção por Aspergillus spp. Objetivos: Avaliar a consequência da infecção pelo Aspergillus spp na COVID-19. Material e métodos: Foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico do período de 2020 e 2021 na base de dados da PubMed. Utilizou-se as palavras-chave “Aspergillus” e “COVID-19”. Foram selecionados 5 artigos que abordaram o tema de forma satisfatória. Resultados: O relato de coinfecções na COVID-19 por bactérias e fungos tem se tornado cada vez mais frequente e aumentado a preocupação dos pesquisadores no mundo. A coinfecção por Aspergillus spp é um fator de risco que dificulta o diagnóstico, prognóstico, tratamento, agrava os sintomas e eleva a taxa de mortalidade de pacientes com COVID-19 grave. A coinfecção por Aspergillus, com consequente desenvolvimento de API, foi associada a casos de COVID-19 grave. Dos pacientes (5%) que evoluíram para a COVID-19 grave e necessitaram de cuidados intensivos, 19% a 34% deles desenvolveram API. Acredita-se que a COVID-19 aumenta a susceptibilidade da infecção por Aspergillus spp devido: ao excesso de antibióticos usado no seu tratamento; a imunomodulação do sistema imune; uso de Tocilizumab®; da hiperinflamação e da tempestade de citocinas; a ativação dos linfócitos Th2; níveis séricos elevados de IL-6 e IL-10; e diminuição da resposta via linfócito Th1. A coinfecção por Aspergillus spp pode influenciar no grau de inflamação sistêmica e na progressão e prognóstico da COVID-19, com consequente aumento de cuidados intensivos, de óbitos ou estender o tempo de internação e cura da COVID-19. Além disso, a coinfecção e o uso prolongado de antibióticos no tratamento da COVID-19 podem alterar a homeostase intestinal, intensificando a infecção, pois o desequilíbrio da microbiota, nos casos de infecções fúngicas, podem provocar alterações intestinais por até 12 dias após a não identificação do SARS-CoV-2 na nasofaringe. Conclusão: A API apresenta relevância clínica no contexto pandêmico atual devido a sua alta morbimortalidade na COVID-19 grave. Faz-se necessário mais estudos sobre a sua fisiopatologia que minimizem o agravamento da COVID-19.
Reports on the topic "Grave consequences"
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Bittmann, Felix. Academic track mismatch and the temporal development of well-being and competences in German secondary education. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2021.res5.1.
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Formal education is one of the most influential predictors of professional success. As parents in Germany are aware of the importance of education, they often try to enable their children to enrol in the prestigious academic schooling track (Gymnasium). This explains why the transition recommendation made by the teacher after the fourth grade is sometimes ignored if the desired track was not recommended for a particular student. How the mismatch between the teacher’s recommendation and the parents’ choice of schooling for their child affects the child’s development is not sufficiently known. It is very likely that such a mismatch can have consequences for the child’s well-being, competences and overall academic success. Based on five consecutive panel waves of German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) data (waves 1 to 5, collected between 2010 and 2016) (n = 2;790 in wave 1), our analyses demonstrate that social background and the probability of ignoring a teacher’s recommendation are associated, and that highly educated parents are more likely to overrule the teacher’s recommendation. Panel regression models show that pupils who pursued the academic track (Gymnasium) despite the absence of a teacher’s recommendation were more likely to drop out of the academic schooling track, and were not able to catch up with their peers with respect to both objective and subjective academic competences over the entire observation window. However, the models also show that academic track mismatch did not seem to negatively influence the health and well-being of these pupils.
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Heitman, Joshua L., Alon Ben-Gal, Thomas J. Sauer, Nurit Agam, and John Havlin. Separating Components of Evapotranspiration to Improve Efficiency in Vineyard Water Management. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594386.bard.
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Vineyards are found on six of seven continents, producing a crop of high economic value with much historic and cultural significance. Because of the wide range of conditions under which grapes are grown, management approaches are highly varied and must be adapted to local climatic constraints. Research has been conducted in the traditionally prominent grape growing regions of Europe, Australia, and the western USA, but far less information is available to guide production under more extreme growing conditions. The overarching goal of this project was to improve understanding of vineyard water management related to the critical inter-row zone. Experiments were conducted in moist temperate (North Carolina, USA) and arid (Negev, Israel) regions in order to address inter-row water use under high and low water availability conditions. Specific objectives were to: i) calibrate and verify a modeling technique to identify components of evapotranspiration (ET) in temperate and semiarid vineyard systems, ii) evaluate and refine strategies for excess water removal in vineyards for moist temperate regions of the Southeastern USA, and iii) evaluate and refine strategies for water conservation in vineyards for semi-arid regions of Israel. Several new measurement and modeling techniques were adapted and assessed in order to partition ET between favorable transpiration by the grapes and potentially detrimental water use within the vineyard inter-row. A micro Bowen ratio measurement system was developed to quantify ET from inter-rows. The approach was successful at the NC site, providing strong correlation with standard measurement approaches and adding capability for continuous, non-destructive measurement within a relatively small footprint. The environmental conditions in the Negev site were found to limit the applicability of the technique. Technical issues are yet to be solved to make this technique sufficiently robust. The HYDRUS 2D/3D modeling package was also adapted using data obtained in a series of intense field campaigns at the Negev site. The adapted model was able to account for spatial variation in surface boundary conditions, created by diurnal canopy shading, in order to accurately calculate the contribution of interrow evaporation (E) as a component of system ET. Experiments evaluated common practices in the southeastern USA: inter-row cover crops purported to reduce water availability and thereby favorably reduce grapevine vegetative growth; and southern Israel: drip irrigation applied to produce a high value crop with maximum water use efficiency. Results from the NC site indicated that water use by the cover crop contributed a significant portion of vineyard ET (up to 93% in May), but that with ample rainfall typical to the region, cover crop water use did little to limit water availability for the grape vines. A potential consequence, however, was elevated below canopy humidity owing to the increased inter-row evapotranspiration associated with the cover crops. This creates increased potential for fungal disease occurrence, which is a common problem in the region. Analysis from the Negev site reveals that, on average, E accounts for about10% of the total vineyard ET in an isolated dripirrigated vineyard. The proportion of ET contributed by E increased from May until just before harvest in July, which could be explained primarily by changes in weather conditions. While non-productive water loss as E is relatively small, experiments indicate that further improvements in irrigation efficiency may be possible by considering diurnal shading effects on below canopy potential ET. Overall, research provided both scientific and practical outcomes including new measurement and modeling techniques, and new insights for humid and arid vineyard systems. Research techniques developed through the project will be useful for other agricultural systems, and the successful synergistic cooperation amongst the research team offers opportunity for future collaboration.